PART IV
EXPLANATION
XXVIII. CONSTITUTION OF THE CANALS AND OASES 337
XXIX. LIFE 348
XXX. EVIDENCE 360
XXXI. THE HUSBANDING OF WATER 366
XXXII. CONCLUSION 376
INDEX 385
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
MARS’ HILL _Frontispiece_
PAGE
THE HERMITAGE 8
THE SAN FRANCISCO PEAKS 18
MARTIAN MAPS BY:
I. BEER AND MAEDLER. 1840 26
II. KAISER. 1864 26
III. FLAMMARION (RÉSUMÉ). 1876 27
IV. GREEN. 1877 27
V. SCHIAPARELLI. 1877 28
VI. SCHIAPARELLI. 1879 28
VII. SCHIAPARELLI. 1881 29
VIII. SCHIAPARELLI. 1884 29
IX. LOWELL. 1894 30
X. LOWELL. 1896 30
XI. LOWELL. 1901 31
XII. LOWELL. 1905 31
SOUTH POLAR CAP. 1905 42
NORTH POLAR CAP. 1905 44
MARE ERYTHRAEUM, MARTIAN DATE, DECEMBER 30 120
MARE ERYTHRAEUM, MARTIAN DATE, JANUARY 16 122
MARE ERYTHRAEUM, MARTIAN DATE, FEBRUARY 1 124
MARE ERYTHRAEUM, MARTIAN DATE, FEBRUARY 21 126
MARS, ON MERCATOR’S PROJECTION 384
CUTS APPEARING IN TEXT
SOUTH POLAR CAP IN WINTER 56
HELLAS IN WINTER 59
WHITE SOUTH OF NECTAR AND SOLIS LACUS 59
NORTHERN CAP HOODED WITH VAPOR 64
NORTHERN CAP UNMASKED 65
DEPOSITION OF FROST 70
FIRST NORTHERN SNOW 72
WHITE IN ELYSIUM 75
WHITE IN THE PONS HECTORIS 78
PROJECTION ON TERMINATOR 101
LINES IN DARK AREA 117
MAP OF NORTH AMERICA AT THE CLOSE OF ARCHÆAN TIME 132
NORTH AMERICA AT OPENING OF UPPER SILURIAN PERIOD 134
MAP OF NORTH AMERICA AFTER THE APPALACHIAN REVOLUTION 135
NORTH AMERICA IN THE CRETACEOUS PERIOD 136
NORTH AMERICA, SHOWING THE PARTS UNDER WATER IN THE TERTIARY ERA 137
EARTH’S DESERT AREAS, WESTERN HEMISPHERE 156
EARTH’S DESERT AREAS, EASTERN HEMISPHERE 157
SHOWING THE EUMENIDES-ORCUS 183
MARTIAN DOUBLES 206
MARTIAN DOUBLES 207
MOUTHS OF EUPHRATES AND PHISON. JUNE, 1903 219
PECULIAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE GANGES 228
DJIHOUN, THE NARROWEST DOUBLE 229
THE SABAEUS SINUS, EMBOUCHURE FOR THE DOUBLE HIDDEKEL AND GIHON 232
THE PROPONTIS, 1905 247
FONS IMMORTALIS, JUNE 19 254
UTOPIA REGIO. 1903 256
ASCRAEUS LUCUS AND GIGAS. MARCH 2, 1903 258
PECULIAR ASSOCIATION OF THE LUCI ISMENII WITH DOUBLE CANALS 260
LUCUS ISMENIUS. MARCH, 1903 262
SHOWING SEASONAL CHANGE. I 285
SHOWING SEASONAL CHANGE. II 285
MEAN CANAL CARTOUCHES 298
SHOWING DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRONTES:
I. FEBRUARY 25 306
II. MARCH 30 307
III. APRIL 3 307
IV. MAY 4 308
V. MAY 7 308
VI. JULY 18 309
CARTOUCHES OF THE BRONTES 311
AMENTHES ALONE IN FEBRUARY 319
AMENTHES FEEBLER AND STILL ALONE IN MARCH 319
APPEARANCE OF THOTH WITH TRITON AND CURVED NEPENTHES. AMENTHES VANISHED, APRIL 20 320
ADVENT OF THE LUCUS MOERIS. MAY 29 321
AMENTHES WITH THOTH-NEPENTHES. JULY 322
CARTOUCHES OF AMENTHES, THOTH, AND THEIR COMBINATION 323
PHENOLOGY CURVES—EARTH 342
PHENOLOGY CURVES—MARS 343