Part 8

Family _Cyprinidae_ (minnows and carps) Longnose Dace, _Rhinichthys cataractae_ (N) (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) Northern Pearl Dace, _Margariscus margarita_ (N) (3, 5) Redside Shiner, _Richardsonius balteatus_ (N) (7, 8) Streamline Chub, _Hybopsis dissimilis_ (N) (1, 3) Northern Squawfish, _Ptychocheilus oregonensis_ (N) (7, 8)

Family _Catostomidae_ (suckers) White Sucker, _Catostomus commersoni_ (N) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Largescale Sucker, _Catostomus macrocheilus_ (N) (6, 7, 8) Longnose Sucker, _Catostomus catostomus_ (N) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

Family _Gadidaie_ (codfishes and hakes) Burbot, _Lota lota_ (N) (S) (1, 4)

Family _Cottidae_ (sculpins) Mottled sculpin, _Cottus bairdi_ (N) (5, 6, 7, 8) Spoonhead sculpin, _Cottus ricei_ (N) (1, 2, 3, 4)

Birds of Glacier National Park

Key to symbols: E—occurs on east side of the park (east of the Divide) W—occurs on west side of the park (west of the Divide) A—occurs in alpine areas ab—abundant c—common u—uncommon r—rare i—introduced a—accidental

Loons Common Loon E, W, ab Arctic Loon? Red-throated Loon?

Grebes Red-necked Grebe E, W, c Horned Grebe E, W, ab Eared Grebe E, W, c Western Grebe E, W, u Pied-billed Grebe E, W, r

Pelicans, Cormorants White Pelican E, W, u Double-crested Cormorant E, r

Herons, Bitterns Great Blue Heron E, W, c Black-crowned Night Heron a American Bittern, W, r

Swan, Geese, Ducks Whistling Swan E, W, ab Trumpeter Swan E, W, r Canada Goose E, W, c Snow Goose E, W, c Ross’ Goose E, W, r Mallard E, W, ab Gadwall E, W, r Pintail E, W, c Green-winged Teal E, W, c Blue-winged Teal E, W, u Cinnamon Teal E, W, u European Widgeon E, W, c American Widgeon E, W, ab Northern Shoveler E, W, c Wood Duck E, W, r Redhead E, W, c Ring-necked Duck E, W, u Canvasback E, W, u Lesser Scaup E, W, c Greater Scaup? Common Goldeneye E, W, c Barrow’s Goldeneye E, W, ab Bufflehead E, W, u Harlequin Duck E, W, c White-winged Scoter E, W, r Ruddy Duck E, W, c Hooded Merganser E, W, u Common Merganser E, W, ab Red-breasted Merganser, E, W, u

Vultures, Hawks, Eagles Turkey Vulture E, W, r Goshawk E, W, c Sharp-shinned Hawk E, W, u Cooper’s Hawk E, W, u Red-tailed Hawk E, W, c Red-shouldered Hawk a Swainson’s Hawk E, W, c Rough-legged Hawk E, W, r Ferruginous Hawk E, W, u Golden Eagle, E, W, A, c Bald Eagle, E, W, ab Marsh Hawk E, W, ab Osprey E, W, ab Prairie Falcon E, W, A, r Peregrine Falcon E, W, r American Kestrel E, W, c

Grouse, Ptarmigans Blue Grouse, E, W, ab Spruce Grouse E, W, ab Ruffed Grouse E, W, ab Sharp-tailed Grouse E, r White-tailed Ptarmigan A, c Willow Ptarmigan ? Ring-necked Pheasant E, W, r, i Gray Partridge E, W, r, i

Cranes Sandhill Crane E, r

Rails, Coots Sora E, W, r American Coot E, W, ab

Shorebirds Killdeer E, W, c Black-bellied Plover E, r Common Snipe E, W, c Long-billed Curlew E, r Upland Sandpiper E, r Spotted Sandpiper E, W, A, ab Solitary Sandpiper E, r Willet, E, r Pectoral Sandpiper E, r Baird’s Sandpiper E, W, r Lesser Yellowlegs, E, W r Greater Yellowlegs E, W, r American Avocet E, W, u Northern Phalarope E, W, r Wilson’s Phalarope E, W, u Black Turnstone ? Long-billed Dowitcher E, W, r

Gulls, Terns Herring Gull E, W, r California Gull E, W, ab Ring-billed Gull E, W, c Franklin’s Gull E, W, c Bonaparte’s Gull E, u Forster’s Tern E, W, u Common Tern E, r Caspian Tern a Black Tern E, W, u

Doves, Pigeons Band-tailed Pigeon E, W, r Mourning Dove E, W, c Rock Dove E, W, r, i

Owls Screech Owl E, W, r Great Horned Owl E, W, ab Snowy Owl E, W, u Hawk Owl E, W, u Pygmy Owl E, W, ab Barred Owl E, W, c Great Gray Owl E, W, u Long-eared Owl E, W, r Short-eared Owl, E, W, c Boreal Owl E, W, r Saw-whet Owl E, W, u

Nighthawks, Swifts Common Nighthawk E, W, ab Black Swift E, W, u Vaux’s Swift E, W, ab White-throated Swift W, A, r

Hummingbirds Broad-tailed Hummingbird E, W, r Rufous Hummingbird E, W, A, ab Calliope Hummingbird E, W, A, ab Black-chinned Hummingbird E, W, r

Kingfishers Belted Kingfisher E, W, ab

Woodpeckers Common Flicker E, W, ab Pileated Woodpecker E, W, ab Red-headed Woodpecker E, W, r Lewis’ Woodpecker E, W, c Yellow-bellied Sapsucker E, W, ab Williamson’s Sapsucker E, W, u Hairy Woodpecker E, W, ab Downy Woodpecker E, W, ab Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker E, W, ab Northern Three-toed Woodpecker E, W, ab

Flycatchers Eastern Kingbird E, W, ab Western Kingbird E, W, u Ash-throated Flycatcher a Say’s Phoebe E, W, r Willow Flycatcher E, W, c Hammond’s Flycatcher E, W, ab Olive-sided Flycatcher E, W, ab Western Flycatcher E, r Western Wood Peewee E, W, c

Larks Horned Lark E, W, A, ab

Swallows Violet-green Swallow E, W, A, ab Tree Swallow E, W, ab Bank Swallow E, W, ab Rough-winged Swallow E, W, u Barn Swallow E, W, u Cliff Swallow E, W, A, ab

Jays, Magpies, Crows Gray Jay E, W, ab Blue Jay E, W, r Steller’s Jay E, W, ab Black-billed Magpie E, W, ab Common Raven E, W, A, ab Common Crow E, W, ab Clark’s Nutcracker E, W, A, ab

Chickadees Black-capped Chickadee E, W, ab Mountain Chickadee E, W, ab Boreal Chickadee E, W, r Chestnut-backed Chickadee E, W, u

Nuthatches, Creepers White-breasted Nuthatch E, W, u Red-breasted Nuthatch E, W, ab Brown Creeper E, W, ab

Dippers, Wrens Dipper E, W, A, ab House Wren E, W, u Winter Wren E, W, ab Long-billed Marsh Wren a Rock Wren E, W, u

Catbirds, Thrashers Gray Catbird E, W, u

Thrushes, Bluebirds, Solitaires American Robin E, W, A, ab Varied Thrush E, W, ab Hermit Thrush E, W, ab Swainson’s Thrush E, W, ab Veery E, W, c Western Bluebird E, W, r Mountain Bluebird E, W, A, ab Townsend’s Solitaire E, W, A, ab

Kinglets Golden-crowned Kinglet E, W, ab Ruby-crowned Kinglet E, W, ab

Pipits Water Pipit E, W, A, ab

Waxwings Bohemian Waxwing E, W, ab Cedar Waxwing E, W, ab

Shrikes Loggerhead Shrike E, W, r Northern Shrike E, W, r

Starlings Starling E, W, c, i

Vireos Solitary Vireo E, W, ab Red-eyed Vireo E, W, ab Warbling Vireo E, W, ab

Warblers Black and White Warbler W, r Tennessee Warbler E, W, r Orange-crowned Warbler E, W, r Nashville Warbler E, W, r Yellow Warbler E, W, ab Yellow-rumped Warbler E, W, ab Townsend’s Warbler E, W, ab Northern Waterthrush E, W, ab MacGillivray’s Warbler E, W, ab Common Yellowthroat E, W, ab Wilson’s Warbler E, W, ab American Redstart E, W, ab Yellow-breasted Chat ?

Weaver Finches House Sparrow E, W, r, i

Blackbirds, Orioles Bobolink E, r Western Meadowlark E, W, u Red-winged Blackbird E, W, ab Northern Oriole E, W, r Brewer’s Blackbird E, W, u Rusty Blackbird E, W, r Yellow-headed Blackbird E, r Common Grackle E, r Brown-headed Cowbird E, W, c

Tanagers, Grosbeaks Western Tanager E, W, ab Evening Grosbeak E, W, ab Pine Grosbeak E, W, ab Black-headed Grosbeak E, W, r

Finches, Sparrows, Buntings Lazuli Bunting E, W, c Lark Bunting E, W, r Snow Bunting E, W, c Cassin’s Finch E, W, A, ab Gray-crowned Rosy Finch E, W, A, ab American Goldfinch E, W, u Common Redpoll E, W, c Pine Siskin E, W, A, ab Red Crossbill E, W, ab White-winged Crossbill E, W, u Rufous-sided Towhee E, W, u Green-tailed Towhee E, W, r Savannah Sparrow E, W, c LeConte’s Sparrow E, W, u Vesper Sparrow E, W, ab Tree Sparrow E, W, r Chipping Sparrow E, W, A, ab Brewer’s Sparrow E, W, r Harris’ Sparrow E, W, r White-crowned Sparrow E, W, A, ab Fox Sparrow E, W, A, ab Lincoln’s Sparrow E, W, A, c Song Sparrow E, W, ab Dark-eyed Junco E, W, c McCown’s Longspur E, c Lapland Longspur E, W, c Chestnut-collared Longspur E, c

Suggested Reading

Alexander, Taylor R. and George S. Fichter, _Ecology_ (a Golden guide). Western Publishing Co., Inc., Racine, Wis. 1973.

Alt, David D. and Donald W. Hyndman, _Rocks, Ice and Water, the Geology of Waterton-Glacier Park_. Mountain Press Publishing Co., Missoula, Mont. 1973.

Baker, William, et. al., _Wildlife of the Northern Rocky Mountains_. Naturegraph Co., Healdsburg, Calif. 1961.

Borland, Hal, _The History of Wildlife in America_. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D.C. 1975.

Brooks, Maurice, _The Life of The Mountains_. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1967.

Costello, David F., _The Mountain World_. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York. 1975.

Craighead, John J., et. al., _A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers_. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 1963.

Dobie, J. Frank, _The Voice of the Coyote_. Little, Brown and Co., Boston. 1950.

Farb, Peter, _Face of North America_. Harper and Row, New York. 1963.

Gildart, Robert C., _Meet the Mammals of Waterton-Glacier_. Glacier Natural History Association, Inc. Thomas Printing, Inc., Kalispell, Mont. 1975.

McCormick, Jack, _The Life of the Forest_. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1966.

Milne, Lorus and Margery Milne, _The Balance of Nature_. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 1960.

Nelson, Alan G., _Wildflowers of Glacier National Park_. Nelson, Great Falls, Mont. 1970.

Peattie, Donald Culross, _A Natural History of Western Trees_. Bonanza Books, New York. 1953.

Ruhle, George C., _Roads and Trails of Waterton-Glacier Parks_. John W. Forney, Minneapolis, Minn. 1972.

Shea, David S., _Animal Tracks of Glacier National Park_. Special Bulletin No. 11, Glacier Natural History Association, Inc., West Glacier, Mont., 1969.

Storer, John H., _The Web of Life_. Devin-Adair Co., Old Greenwich, Conn. 1953.

Zwinger, Ann H. and Beatrice E. Willard, _Land Above the Trees_. Harper and Row, New York. 1972.

Using Metrics

As we go to press with this book, the United States is in the early stages of conversion to the metric system of measurement, and though we urge you to think metric—for most of the world does—we provide this table to help you understand the measurements given in the book.

To convert from to multiply by

Millimeters Sixteenth-inches 0.6301 Centimeters Inches 0.3937 Meters Feet 3.2808 Kilometers Miles 0.6214 Hectares Acres 2.4711 Hectares Square miles 0.00386 Grams Troy Ounces 0.0322 Kilograms Pounds 2.2046 Degrees—Celsius Degrees—Fahrenheit 1.8, and add 32

Drawings from David S. Shea, _Animal Tracks of Glacier National Park_

About the Author

Greg Beaumont’s interest in Glacier National Park dates from 1963, when he was a summer employee at Lake McDonald Lodge. In 1966 he and his wife were fire-control lookouts on Numa Ridge in the Bowman Valley. Now a free-lance writer-photographer, he lives with his family in Lincoln, Nebraska.

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. administration.

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—Corrected a few palpable typos.

—Included a transcription of the text within some images.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.