Part 66

Leaves oval, acute, rounded or often abruptly narrowed and cuneate at base, occasionally irregularly lobed above the middle with short broad acute lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate with glandular teeth, as they unfold villose on both surfaces, and often more or less tinged with red, when the flowers open, usually in the last week of May, roughened above by short closely appressed pale hairs and glabrous below with the exception of a few hairs on the slender midrib and remote primary veins, and at maturity thin, glabrous, and bright yellow-green on the upper surface, pale below, 2′—2½′ long, and 1¾′—2¼′ wide, usually conspicuously concave by the gradual turning down of the blades from the midrib to the margins, drooping on long thin slender glandular petioles at first villose, ultimately glabrous, 1′—1¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at the base, and frequently 3′ long and wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on stout hairy pedicels, in many-flowered compound villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, particularly toward the base, the lobes narrow, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose on both surfaces or only on the inner surface; stamens 10, occasionally 5—10; anthers small, purple; styles 3—5, surrounded at the base by conspicuous tufts of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling late in September or early in October, on stout pedicels, in erect villose mostly few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, dark dull red, marked by few dark dots, villose at the ends with long scattered pale hairs, ¾′ long and ⅝′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, glandular-serrate, often erect; flesh thick, yellow, dry and acid, with a disagreeable flavor; nutlets 3—5, rounded and slightly ridged on the back, ⅓′ long.

A tree, occasionally 25° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, covered with thin bark separating into large flakes broken into small loose dark red-brown scales, stout branches forming a wide symmetrical head, and slightly zigzag branchlets at first dark green and villose, soon becoming glabrous, chestnut-brown and lustrous, bright orange-brown during their second year, and armed with thick straight or somewhat curved chestnut-brown spines often 1½′ long.

Distribution. Southern New Hampshire, through southern Vermont to western Massachusetts and eastern New York; through central and western New York and southern Ontario to northeastern Ohio (Plymouth, Ashtabula County), the southern peninsula of Michigan and northeastern Illinois.

98. Cratægus lobulata Sarg. Red Haw.

Leaves oval to oblong-ovate, acute at apex, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire base, sharply and often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and deeply divided into numerous narrow acute or acuminate lobes spreading or pointing to the apex or to the base of the leaf, when they first appear and until after the opening of the flowers during the last week in May covered above with short soft pale hairs and slightly pubescent below on the slender midrib, and thin primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and glabrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, with occasional short white hairs toward the base of the midrib, 2½′—3½′ long and 2′—2½′ wide; petioles slender, nearly terete, at first tomentose, particularly at the base, becoming pubescent or nearly glabrous and bright red, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or truncate at the broad base, divided into numerous acuminate lateral lobes, often 3½′—4′ long and 3′—3½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on elongated slender pedicels, in rather compact many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with linear-lanceolate glandular-serrate bright red bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, or villose toward the base, dark red, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, glabrous, coarsely glandular-serrate with large dark red stipitate glands; stamens usually 10, occasionally 5—10; anthers small, dark reddish purple; styles 3—5, sometimes surrounded at the base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on short stout pedicels, in erect compact tomentulose clusters, short-oblong, somewhat flattened at the rounded ends, bright crimson, very lustrous, marked by occasional small white dots, about ¾′ long and ⅝′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes small, lanceolate, coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the upper surface, erect and incurved, persistent; flesh thick, yellow, sweet and juicy; nutlets 3—5, thin, dark colored, ridged and often grooved on the back, ¼′ long.

A tree, occasionally 35° high, with a straight trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with dark red-brown fissured bark broken into small thick plate-like scales, stout generally ascending branches forming an open usually narrow irregular head, and slender branchlets, dark green and covered with matted pale hairs when they first appear, becoming bright chestnut-brown and very lustrous during their first season, and light orange-brown the following year, and armed with many stout nearly straight chestnut-brown spines rarely more than 1′ in length.

Distribution. Burlington, Chittenden County, Vermont, and southward through the Champlain valley to Crown Point, Essex County and to the neighborhood of Albany, New York; western Massachusetts to southern Connecticut (Stratford, Fairfield County); common.

99. Cratægus pedicellata Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate or occasionally obovate or rhombic, acute or acuminate, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with spreading glandular teeth, and divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of short acute or acuminate lobes, nearly two thirds grown when the flowers open during the last week in May, and then roughened above by short rigid pale hairs and glabrous below, and at maturity membranaceous, dark rich green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 3′—4′ long, and 2′—3′ wide, with a slender midrib, and thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular with minute scattered dark glands, at first villose, becoming glabrous, 1½′—2½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed, often 3′—4′ long and 3′ wide. Flowers ½′ in diameter, on long thin pedicels, in loose lax many-flowered slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes broad, acute, very coarsely glandular-serrate; stamens usually 10; anthers rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a conspicuous ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling during September, on long slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping glabrous clusters, obovoid until nearly fully grown, becoming short-oblong when fully ripe, rounded at the ends, bright scarlet, lustrous, marked by numerous small dark dots, ¾′ long, and ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx large and conspicuous, the lobes much enlarged, coarsely serrate, and usually erect and incurved; flesh pale, thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and deeply grooved on the back, about ⅓′ long.

A tree, 18°—20° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with close red-brown scaly bark, long comparatively slender spreading or ascending branches forming a handsome symmetrical head, and thin branchlets dark chestnut-brown and slightly villose at first, becoming very lustrous and ashy gray in their second year, and armed with straight or slightly curved shining chestnut-brown spines 1½′—2′ long.

Distribution. Central and western New York to western Pennsylvania (Allegheny and Crawford counties), and to southern Ontario to the neighborhood of Toronto and London; common; passing into var. _gloriosa_ Sarg. differing in its rather larger flowers with pink anthers, larger and more lustrous fruit often mammillate at base and ripening a few days earlier and in its convex leaves. A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk often 1° in diameter, and a symmetrical round-topped head; Rochester, Munroe County, New York; not common.

100. Cratægus Holmesiana Ashe.

Leaves oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, coarsely doubly serrate above the middle with straight teeth tipped at first with prominent dark red caducous glands, and usually divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold dark red, roughened by rigid pale hairs on the upper surface, and glabrous or sometimes villose on the lower surface, scabrate above, pale yellow-green and nearly half grown when the flowers open early in May, and at maturity thick and firm, almost smooth, conspicuously yellow-green, usually about 2′ long and 1¾′ wide, with a prominent midrib often bright red on the lower side toward the base, and 4—6 pairs of slender primary veins arching to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular, glabrous or sometimes puberulous while young, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often broad-ovate to oval, rounded, truncate or slightly cordate at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, and frequently 4′ long and 3′ wide. Flowers cup-shaped, ½′—¾′ in diameter, on long slender glabrous pedicels, in loose glabrous or rarely puberulous many-flowered corymbs, with oblanceolate or linear acute glandular caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, more or less deeply tinged with red, the lobes long, acuminate, glandular-serrate, or often nearly entire; glabrous on the outer surface, villose-pubescent on the inner surface; stamens usually 5, sometimes 6—8; anthers large, dark reddish purple; styles usually 3, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in September, on long slender pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid to ellipsoidal, crimson, lustrous, marked by occasional small dark dots, about ½′ long, and ⅓′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, conspicuous, with erect and incurved glandular-serrate lobes, bright red toward the base on the upper side; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy, with a disagreeable flavor; nutlets usually 3, light chestnut-brown, prominently grooved and ridged on the back with a broad rounded ridge, about ¼′ long.

A tree, often 30° high, with a tall straight trunk 10′—15′ in diameter, covered with pale gray-brown or nearly white scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming an open irregular rather compact head, and stout glabrous branchlets dark green more or less tinged with red when they first appear, becoming bright chestnut-brown or orange-brown and lustrous, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with occasional thick mostly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.

Distribution. Rich moist hillsides and the borders of streams and swamps, neighborhood of Montreal and southern Ontario to the coast of southern Maine, central and western Massachusetts, Rhode Island, western New York, and eastern Pennsylvania; most abundant and of its largest size on the hills of Worcester County, Massachusetts. In Sellersville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in a form of this species (var. _villipes_ Ashe) the young branchlets, petioles, and corymbs are often puberulous and the under surface of the leaves more or less hairy, especially on the midrib and veins. Passing into var. _tardipes_ Sarg. differing from the type in its darker green leaves somewhat rougher on the upper surface, flowers often ⅘′ in diameter on villose pedicels, and in the shorter slightly hairy pedicels of the fruit ripening early in October.

A tree, in size, habit and bark similar to the species; southern Ontario (neighborhood of Toronto, common, near London, bank of the St. Claire River below Sarnia and Walpole Island, Lamberton County); Province of Quebec (Montreal, Caughnawaga, Isle Perrot, St. Ann’s and Hemmingford); central and western New York.

101. Cratægus acclivis Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth, and deeply divided into numerous wide-spreading acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold tinged with red, densely villose on the upper surface, pubescent on the midrib and veins below, about half grown when the flowers open during the last week of May and then light yellow-green, slightly roughened above by short white hairs and pubescent on the midrib and veins below, and at maturity membranaceous, dark yellow-green and nearly smooth above, pale yellow-green and glabrous below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout yellow midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, glandular with numerous small dark glands, densely villose early in the season, becoming puberulous or glabrous in the autumn, 1½′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, acuminate, cordate at the wide base, deeply divided into wide acute lateral lobes, and often 4′—5′ long and wide, with foliaceous, lunate, coarsely glandular-serrate stipules, 1½′ wide, and persistent throughout the season. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender densely villose pedicels, in broad lax many-flowered long-branched hairy corymbs, their bracts lanceolate, glandular, large and conspicuous, persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with a thick coat of long matted hairs, the lobes long slender, acuminate, serrate with occasional large gland-tipped teeth, glabrous on the outer surface, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens usually 5; anthers pink; styles mostly 5. Fruit ripening the middle of September and soon falling, on long slender slightly hairy pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, broad and rounded at the ends, yellowish red, glaucous, marked by occasional pale dots, about ¾′ long and ⅝′ wide; calyx sessile, with usually erect enlarged coarsely serrate lobes villose on the upper side and often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, yellow, rather juicy; nutlets usually 5, narrow and acute at the ends, ridged with a high broad ridge, or rounded and slightly grooved on the back, about ⅝′ long.

A tree, 25°—30° high, with a short trunk occasionally 4′—5′ in diameter, covered with smooth light gray bark, numerous erect branches forming an oblong open very irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag branchlets coated when they first appear with long matted pale hairs, light red-brown and lustrous, marked by small pale lenticels, and pubescent at the end of their first season, becoming dull red or orange-brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or curved bright red-brown shining spines 1¼′—2′ long.

Distribution. New York: near Albany, Albany County, steep banks of the gorge of the Genesee River, Rochester, Munroe County, banks of the Niagara River, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, and near Buffalo, Erie County; common.

102. Cratægus delecta Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided usually only above the middle into numerous short acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold tinged with red and covered with glistening white hairs more abundant below than above, nearly half grown when the flowers open during the first half of May and then roughened on the upper surface by short white hairs and glabrous or sparingly villose on the midrib and veins below with scattered hairs sometimes persistent through the season, and at maturity membranaceous, light yellow-green, lustrous and glabrous above, paler below, 1½′—2′ long and wide, with a stout yellow midrib, and 6 or 7 pairs of slender primary veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes; turning purplish in the autumn before falling; petioles slender, covered early in the season with matted pale hairs, becoming glabrous, slightly glandular, often tinged with red below the middle, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes long-pointed at apex and slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed and more coarsely serrate, and often 3′—4′ long and wide. Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on long slender slightly hairy pedicels, in broad villose 10—15-flowered sparingly villose corymbs, with glandular caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose or nearly glabrous, the lobes acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5; anthers dark rose color; styles 3—5, usually 5. Fruit ripening from the first to the middle of September and soon falling, on stout glabrous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, bright red or scarlet, becoming purple when fully ripe, ½′—¾′ long, and ⅔′—¾′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with erect and incurved coarsely serrate lobes; flesh thick, yellow, juicy, mildly acid and edible; nutlets 3—5, usually 5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and very irregularly ridged on the back, ¼′—5/16′ long.

A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a trunk rarely 1° in diameter and 6°—9° long, covered with light gray slightly fissured smooth bark, spreading or ascending branches forming an oblong open head, and slender branchlets at first slightly villose, becoming glabrous, dull red, and ultimately gray or olive-gray, and armed with stout nearly straight spines much thickened below the middle, dark chestnut-brown and lustrous, becoming dull brown or gray, and usually 1′—2′ long.

Distribution. Pastures, open woods or their borders; northeastern Illinois (Lockport, Will County, Wauconda, Fort Sheridan, Deerfield, Lake Forest, Highland Park, Lake County).

103. Cratægus Eamesii Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, concave-cuneate or rounded at the entire or glandular base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral lobes, about half grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and then membranaceous, light yellow-green and roughened above by short rigid white hairs and pale and glabrous below with the exception of a few hairs on the midrib, and slender primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, and at maturity subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark rather dull green and smooth above, pale yellow-green below, 3′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide; petioles slender, wing-margined above, villose at first, becoming glabrous, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually rounded or truncate at the broad base, more deeply lobed, often 3½′—4′ long and 3½′ wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on slender slightly hairy pedicels, in crowded compact 5—25, usually 15—18-flowered sparingly villose corymbs, with linear-obovate coarsely glandular reddish bracts and bractlets, mostly deciduous before the flowers open; calyx narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes long, slender, glandular with large bright red stipitate glands, glabrous on the outer, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5—8; anthers deep rose-purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale pubescence. Fruit ripening early in September and soon falling, on stout glabrous pedicels, in large many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong to slightly ovoid, rounded at the ends, bright cherry-red, lustrous, pruinose, marked by few large dark dots, ⅝′—¾′ long, and about ½′ in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes erect and incurved, coarsely serrate, dark red on the upper side below the middle, their tips deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, pale yellow, juicy; nutlets 4 or 5, narrow at the ends, irregularly ridged often with a high broad ridge, and sometimes grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.

A tree, occasionally 20° high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, ascending branches forming a narrow open head, and stout glabrous branchlets bright reddish brown and rather lustrous during their first season, becoming light gray slightly tinged with red in their second year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved spines 1′—1½′ long; or occasionally shrubby, with a short trunk divided near the ground into several spreading stems.

Distribution. Rich moist ground, Stratford, Fairfield County (_E. H. Eames_), and Ansonia, New Haven County, Connecticut (_E. B. Harger_).

104. Cratægus sertata Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded, truncate, subcordate or rarely cuneate at the broad base, finely and often doubly serrate with straight gland-tipped teeth, and deeply divided into 5 or 6 pairs of wide acuminate lobes, when they unfold coated above with short pale hairs and villose below on the midrib and veins, about half grown and villose when the flowers open during the first half of May, and at maturity membranaceous, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale yellow-green and glabrous on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide, with a thin yellow midrib, and slender primary veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly grooved, villose early in the season, ultimately glabrous, sparingly glandular, 1½′—3′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide. Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in broad 10—15-flowered densely villose corymbs, with linear to linear-obovate glandular large and conspicuous caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous above, villose below, the lobes abruptly narrowed from the base, broad, acuminate, tipped with small red glands, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrate on the outer surface, pubescent on the inner surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5; anthers pale rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening about the middle of September and soon falling, on slender villose or pubescent pedicels, in drooping many-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright red and lustrous, becoming darker or crimson when fully ripe, marked by occasional large pale dots, about ½′ long and wide; calyx prominent, with enlarged mostly erect incurved serrate lobes; flesh thin, yellow, aromatic, pleasantly acid; nutlets 3—5, usually 4, thin, narrow and acute at the ends, slightly ridged on the back with a wide or narrow ridge, ⅜′ long.

A tree, 10°—20° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter and often 4°—5° long, covered with close dark gray bark separating into long narrow thin plate-like scales, stout spreading branches forming a handsome open head, and slender nearly straight branchlets thickly coated when they first appear with matted pale hairs, light brown and lustrous at the end of their first season, and dark gray-brown the following year, and unarmed or armed with stout nearly straight or curved spines 1′—2½′ long.

Distribution. Open woods and pastures in rich moist soil; northeastern Illinois (Mokena, Will County, Glenellyn, Dupage County, Barrington, Glendon Park, Cook County, Highland Park, Lake Zurich, Lake County); Fox Point, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

X. DILATATÆ.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.