Part 65

Leaves ovate, acute, gradually narrowed and cuneate at the nearly entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute lobes, half grown at the end of May or early in June when the flowers open and then roughened above by short stiff pale hairs and soft-pubescent below, particularly on the midrib and veins, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate above, pale below, 3′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a thick yellow midrib and remote primary veins puberulous on the lower side; petioles stout, nearly terete, more or less winged at apex, tomentose early in the season, becoming puberulous, often bright red toward the base, 1′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, cuneate, rounded, truncate, or occasionally slightly cordate at base, often 4′ long and 3′—3½′ wide. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on long slender villose pedicels, in broad many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with a thick coat of long matted white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, glandular with large red stipitate glands, glabrous or villose on the outer surface; stamens 10; anthers small, pale yellow; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of long white hairs. Fruit ripening and falling during the first half of September, on elongated slender slightly villose pedicels, in broad gracefully drooping many-fruited clusters, obovoid, bright orange-red, lustrous, marked by large scattered pale dots, puberulous toward the base, about ¾′ long; calyx much enlarged, with erect coarsely glandular-serrate persistent lobes; flesh yellow, thin, subacid, dry and mealy; nutlets usually 5, rounded and slightly ridged on the back, about ⅓′ in length.

A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk occasionally a foot in diameter, ascending or spreading ashy gray branches forming a broad handsome head, and branchlets dark green and coated with hoary tomentum when they first appear, light or dark orange-brown and slightly tomentose at midsummer, becoming glabrous, lustrous, and light red-brown or dark orange-brown, and armed with numerous thin straight or somewhat curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines 2½′—3′ in length.

Distribution. Rich damp hillsides and the borders of woods and roads; valley of the St. Lawrence River from the Isle of Orleans westward; Hull County, Province of Quebec; near Ottawa, Ontario; valley of the Penobscot River and Gerrish Island, Maine to the coast of eastern Massachusetts.

90. Cratægus Ellwangeriana Sarg.

Leaves oval, acute, rounded or broad-cuneate at the entire base, irregularly divided usually only above the middle into numerous short acute lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, about half grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and then roughened above by short pale hairs and villose below on the slender midrib and primary veins, and at maturity thin, light green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and nearly glabrous on the lower surface, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—3′ wide; petioles slender, villose early in the season, finally glabrous, 1½′—2′ in length; stipules oblong-obovate, acute, villose, coarsely glandular-serrate, ½′ long, those of the upper leaves mostly persistent until after the ripening of the fruit. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout hairy pedicels, in many-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose, the lobes long, lanceolate, glandular with small pale stalked glands, villose on both surfaces; stamens 10, sometimes 8; anthers small, rose color; styles 3—5. Fruit ripening and falling at the end of September, on slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping villose many-fruited crowded clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, bright crimson, lustrous, covered at the ends with scattered pale hairs, 1′ long, and ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes elongated, glandular-serrate above the middle, villose on the inner surface, spreading, or erect and incurved; flesh thin, yellow, juicy and acid; nutlets 3—5, thick, pale brown, deeply and often doubly and irregularly grooved on the back, ¼′—⅓′ long.

A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a tall trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with pale gray scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and slender zigzag branchlets dark green and clothed at first with long matted pale hairs, becoming in their first summer light chestnut-brown and slightly villose, dark chestnut-brown and very lustrous in their second year, and armed with stout straight or somewhat curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.

Distribution. Western New York (common) to western Pennsylvania, and through southern Ontario to southern Michigan.

91. Cratægus Robesoniana Sarg.

_Cratægus spissiflora_ Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded broadly cuneate or rarely cordate at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with slender straight gland-tipped teeth, and deeply divided into numerous broad acute or acuminate lateral lobes, villose above and densely tomentose below when they unfold, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of May and then roughened above by short rigid white hairs and pubescent below on the midrib and veins, and at maturity dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, glabrous on the lower surface, 3′—3½′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of prominent veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at apex, slightly grooved, sparingly glandular, villose early in the season, becoming glabrous and rose color in the autumn, 1¼′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots cordate or rarely cuneate at base, deeply lobed, often 4′ long and 3½′ wide, with a stout conspicuous glandular petiole. Flowers ⅔′ in diameter, on short slender villose pedicels, in small very compact few, usually 4—6-flowered, thin-branched villose corymbs, with oblong-obovate acuminate glandular bracts and bractlets mostly deciduous before the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long matted white hairs, the lobes slender, acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 10; anthers dark rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening at the end of September or early in October, on short reddish pubescent pedicels, in compact drooping clusters, oblong-obovoid to short-oblong, scarlet, lustrous, marked by small pale dots, about ¾′ long, and ½′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading sharply serrate lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, acute at the ends, rounded or only slightly grooved on the back, about ⅝′ in length.

A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk often 1° in diameter, covered with smooth pale gray bark, and stout spreading branches forming a round-topped head, and stout slightly zigzag dark red-brown branchlets sparingly villose early in the season, soon glabrous, bright red-brown, very lustrous and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their first season, becoming dark gray or gray-brown the following year, and armed with few stout spreading bright chestnut-brown shining ultimately gray spines 1′—1½′ long.

Distribution. Western Massachusetts through central and western New York to the neighborhood of Toronto, southern Ontario.

92. Cratægus anomala Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute, divided above the middle into 5 or 6 pairs of short acute or acuminate lobes, and coarsely doubly serrate with spreading glandular teeth except toward the broad-cuneate or occasionally rounded base, when they unfold conspicuously plicate, covered above with short appressed pale hairs, and villose below, especially on the slender midrib, and thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, about a third grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity membranaceous, light yellow-green, smooth and glabrous above, paler and villose below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—3′ wide; petioles stout, glandular on the upper side with scattered dark glands, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots, rounded or truncate at base, and often 4′—4½′ long and 2½′—3′ wide. Flowers saucer-shaped, ½′ in diameter when fully expanded, on elongated slender hairy pedicels, in broad loose many-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long matted pale hairs, the lobes long, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, pubescent on the outer surface and tomentose on the inner surface; stamens usually 10, occasionally 7 or 8; anthers large, bright red; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in October, on long slender slightly pubescent pedicels, in loose many-fruited sparingly villose clusters, obovoid to oblong, gradually narrowed to the rounded base, crimson, lustrous, marked by large pale dots, slightly villose, particularly toward the full and rounded apex, ¾′—⅞′ long, ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx large and prominent, with elongated acuminate lobes abruptly narrowed from a broad base, dark red on the upper side, tomentose on the lower, finely glandular-serrate, spreading or closely appressed, often deciduous before the ripening of the fruit; flesh thin, light yellow, somewhat juicy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, prominently and irregularly ridged on the back, ¼′—5/16′ long.

A bushy tree, sometimes 20° high, with a short trunk 6′ in diameter, covered with pale gray-brown scaly bark, stout ascending branches, and slender somewhat zigzag branchlets at first dark green and villose with long matted white hairs, puberulous and light orange-brown during their first season, becoming glabrous and orange-brown or bright red, and armed with numerous stout straight or slightly curved bright chestnut-brown spines 1¼′—2′ long.

Distribution. Low limestone ridges near the banks of the St. Lawrence River in the Caughnawaga Indian Reservation opposite Lachine in the Province of Quebec; western Vermont (Clarendon, Rutland County); Crown Point, Essex County, and Fort Ann, Washington County, New York.

93. Cratægus noelensis Sarg.

Leaves ovate to oval, acute, acuminate or rarely rounded at apex, acutely or broadly cuneate at base, and coarsely doubly serrate with straight teeth, covered above with short white hairs and densely villose-pubescent below when they unfold, more than half grown when the flowers open at the end of April, and at maturity dark yellow-green, smooth and glabrous on the upper surface, villose-pubescent on the lower surface, 2′—3′ long, and 1¼′—2½′ wide, with a prominent midrib and thin conspicuous primary veins; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots ovate, acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the broad base, more coarsely serrate, usually laterally lobed with short broad acuminate lobes, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide. Flowers ¾′ to nearly 1′ in diameter, on short pedicels densely covered like the narrow obconic calyx-tube and the compact 5—10-flowered corymb with long matted white hairs; calyx-lobes slender, long-acuminate, minutely glandular-serrate, slightly villose; stamens 5—10, usually 10; anthers rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in September, on slender drooping pubescent pedicels, subglobose, orange-red, ½′—⅔′ in diameter, the calyx prominent with a short tube and spreading closely appressed lobes; flesh thin, soft and yellow; nutlets 3—5, rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at apex, slightly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.

A tree, 15°—18° high, with a trunk sometimes 1° in diameter, spreading branches forming a broad flat or round-topped head, and stout zigzag branchlets coated when they first appear with matted white hairs, reddish brown, pubescent or puberulous during their first season and gray the following year, and armed with few or many slender straight purple lustrous spines 1′—2½′ in length, sometimes persistent and compound on old trunks.

Distribution. Rich alluvial soil; in the neighborhood of Noel, McDonald County, Missouri; common.

IX. COCCINEÆ.

_Flabellatæ_ Sarg.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Stamens 20; leaves yellow-green and scabrate above. Leaves ovate; anthers deep rose-purple; fruit obovoid to short-oblong, bright red, often slightly pruinose. 94. C. neo-londinensis (A). Leaves oblong-ovate; anthers pink; fruit obovoid, crimson, lustrous. 95. C. Hillii (A). Stamens 10—20, usually 10; anthers pinkish purple, leaves broad-ovate, dull dark green and scabrate above; fruit short-oblong to slightly obovoid, dull red or crimson. 96. C. assurgens (A). Stamens usually 10. Fruit on short stout pedicels; leaves yellow-green and glabrous above. Leaves oval, drooping, conspicuously concave; anthers purple; fruit short-oblong, dark dull red, villose at the ends. 97. C. Pringlei (A). Leaves oval to oblong-ovate; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit short-oblong, crimson, lustrous. 98. C. lobulata (A). Fruit on long slender pedicels; leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rhombic, dark rich green and scabrate above; anthers rose color; fruit short-oblong, bright scarlet, lustrous. 99. C. pedicellata (A). Stamens usually 5—7, rarely 10. Fruit obovoid to ellipsoidal; leaves oval or ovate, conspicuously yellow-green; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit crimson, lustrous. 100. C. Holmesiana (A). Fruit short-oblong; leaves oblong-ovate, deep yellow-green, nearly smooth above; anthers pink; fruit yellowish red, glaucous. 101. C. acclivis (A). Fruit subglobose to obovoid. Leaves glabrous above; anthers dark rose color. Leaves broad-ovate, thin, light yellow-green and lustrous above; fruit bright red or scarlet. 102. C. delecta (A). Leaves oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, dark dull green; fruit bright cherry-red, pruinose. 103. C. Eamesii (A). Leaves scabrate above, oblong-ovate, thin, dark yellow-green; anthers pale rose color; fruit crimson. 104. C. sertata (A).

94. Cratægus neo-londinensis Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded, truncate or broadly concave-cuneate at the wide entire or glandular base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into numerous short narrow acuminate lateral lobes, about half grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then very thin, light yellow-green and roughened above by short white rigid hairs and paler and sparingly hairy below, and at maturity membranaceous, dull yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale green and glabrous below, or occasionally slightly hairy on the under side of the stout yellow midrib, and of the thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3½′ wide; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular, at first slightly hairy, becoming glabrous and purplish toward the base, 1′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots only slightly larger. Flowers 1′—1⅛′ in diameter, on slender sparingly villose pedicels, in lax slightly drooping usually 5—12-flowered villose or nearly glabrous corymbs, with linear often slightly falcate glandular bracts and bractlets, persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with short matted pale hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate below the middle, glabrous on the outer, villose on the inner surface; stamens 17—21, usually 20; anthers deep rose-purple; styles 4 or 5, usually 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and beginning to fall early in September, on stout villose or glabrous pedicels, in large drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid or short-oblong, bright red, often slightly pruinose, marked by numerous minute pale dots, ⅝′—¾′ long, ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, prominent, with spreading or erect and incurved coarsely serrate persistent lobes, their upper surface bright red below the middle and covered above with soft white hairs; flesh thick, orange-yellow, soft, juicy and acidulous; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, narrowed at the ends, acute at base, rounded at apex, rounded and sometimes broadly grooved on the back, about 5/16′ long.

A tree, often 20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with light grayish brown slightly fissured bark, large spreading and drooping branches forming an open head often 20° across, and slender branchlets olive-green and slightly hairy when they first appear, dull red-brown and marked by many large pale lenticels during their first season, becoming light gray and rather lustrous, and armed with stout straight dark purple shining ultimately gray spines often 2′ long.

Distribution. Borders of woods near the shores of Fisher’s Island Sound, Mumford’s Point, Groton, and near Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.

95. Cratægus Hillii Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the broad entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into numerous short acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold coated above with short lustrous white hairs and densely tomentose below, particularly on the midrib and veins, about one fourth grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then roughened above by short hairs and villose below, and at maturity thin, light yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a slender midrib often slightly hairy near the base, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, densely villose early in the season, slightly hairy in the autumn, and ⅝′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often truncate or slightly cordate at base, deeply lobed with broad triangular lobes, and 3½′—4′ long and wide, with a stout rose-colored glandular petiole, and hairy lunate glandular-serrate stipules. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on slender densely villose pedicels, in broad many-flowered hairy compound corymbs, their large linear to oblong bracts and bractlets occasionally persistent until midsummer; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly covered with long spreading white hairs, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base, broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers pink; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening from the middle to the end of September, on slender puberulous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid, broad and rounded at apex, gradually narrowed to the rounded base, crimson, lustrous, marked by small pale dots, ½′—⅝′ long, ⅜′—½′ in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, with closely appressed coarsely serrate lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh yellow, thin, acidulous, juicy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, gradually narrowed and acute at the ends, irregularly ridged and sometimes grooved on the back, about ⅜′ long.

A tree, 25°—30° high, with a trunk sometimes a foot in diameter and 6° or 7° long, covered with close light gray bark tinged with red and divided by shallow fissures into small plates, stout ascending branches forming an open irregular often round-topped head, and slender nearly straight branchlets densely villose when they first appear, dark orange color tinged with red and sparingly villose when the flowers open, becoming bright red-brown and lustrous at the end of their first season and dark dull reddish brown the following year, and sparingly armed with slender nearly straight red-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.

Distribution. Open woods near the borders of streams in moist rich soil; northeastern Illinois (Thatcher’s Park, Glendon Park, and River Forest, Cook County); not common.

96. Cratægus assurgens Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the wide entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth, and slightly divided, into 3 or 4 pairs of small acuminate lobes, about one third grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then roughened above by short white hairs and glabrous or sparingly villose below, with persistent hairs on the slender yellow midrib, and on the veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes, and at maturity membranaceous, dull dark green and scabrate on the upper surface, light yellow-green on the lower surface, 2¾′—3½′ long, and 2¼′—2¾′ wide; petioles slender, villose early in the season, becoming pubescent, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deeply lobed, coarsely serrate, sometimes 4′ long and wide, with long stout glandular petioles and foliaceous lunate acuminate coarsely glandular-serrate persistent stipules. Flowers ¾′—⅝′ in diameter, on short villose pedicels, in compact 8—15-flowered hairy corymbs, with oblong, acuminate, glandular bracts and bractlets, deciduous with the opening of the flowers; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, sparingly villose, the lobes long, narrow, acuminate, tipped with minute red glands, finely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner surface; stamens 10—20, usually 10; anthers pinkish purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening from the 15th to the 20th of September, and usually falling about the 1st of October, on short glabrous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, short-oblong to slightly obovoid, dull red to crimson, ½′—⅝′ long, about ½′ wide; calyx sessile, with spreading closely appressed serrate usually persistent lobes; flesh thin, pale yellow or nearly white, acidulous; nutlets 4 or 5, broad, narrow and acute at the ends, prominently ridged on the back with a high narrow ridge, or often grooved, about ¼′ long.

A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk 2′—6′ in diameter and often 6°—9° long, covered with close dark gray bark, ascending branches forming an oblong, open head, and slender branchlets light orange-yellow and covered when they first appear with long scattered caducous white hairs, becoming bright red-brown and lustrous, and dark gray-brown the following year, and armed with many stout usually slightly curved bright red-brown shining spines, 1′—1½′ long.

Distribution. River banks and low woods in rich soil; northeastern Illinois (Leyden township, La Grange, Thatcher’s Park, Cook County, Highland Park, Deerfield, Wauconda, Lake County); Fox Point, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

97. Cratægus Pringlei Sarg.