Part 61

Leaves elliptic, acute, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire base, irregularly and often doubly serrate above with glandular straight or incurved teeth, and divided in 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold bright red and glabrous with the exception of a few short caducous hairs on the upper side of the base of the midrib, nearly fully grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of May and then membranaceous and bluish green, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark blue-green and often glaucous above, pale below, 1′—1½′ long, and ¾′—1′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins running to the point of the lobes; late in the autumn turning dull orange color; petioles slender, glandular, slightly winged at the apex, often bright red in early spring and in the autumn, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, often rounded at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, frequently 2½′ long and wide, with stouter and more broadly winged petioles. Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base, long-pointed, finely glandular-serrate below the middle; stamens 20; anthers large, deep rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a thick ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit on long thin light green ultimately bright red pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, 5-angled, apple green and covered with a glaucous bloom until nearly fully ripe, at maturity late in October subglobose but rather broader than high, barely angled, ½′—⅝′ in diameter, dark purple-red, marked by many small dull dots, very lustrous; calyx prominent, with a long well-developed tube, and enlarged usually erect lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, light yellow; nutlets 5, light-colored, acute at apex, narrowed and rounded at base, deeply grooved on the back, ¼′ long.

A tree, 15°—20° high, with a stem a few inches in diameter, spreading horizontal branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-brown during their first season, later becoming dark reddish brown, and armed with numerous stout straight light chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ long; often shrubby, with several intricately branched stems.

Distribution. Slopes of low hills often in limestone soil; southwestern Vermont, westward through New York to southern Ontario (neighborhood of Toronto), and through Ohio and Indiana to central and northern Illinois, and southward through eastern Pennsylvania to northern Delaware.

55. Cratægus georgiana Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at base, finely and often doubly serrate with straight or incurved gland-tipped teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral lobes, glabrous with the exception of a few pale caducous hairs on the upper surface and bronze-yellow when they unfold, nearly half grown when the flowers open about the 20th of April and then thin, dark yellow-green above and pale below, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark blue-green on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1¼′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins; petioles slender, often short-winged at the apex, usually about ¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3′ long and 2′ wide, sometimes deltoid and usually much more deeply lobed. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in usually 5—7-flowered compact glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, entire or obscurely and irregularly serrate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers small; light rose color; styles 5; surrounded at the base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on slender pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, often obscurely 5-angled, dull russet-green, ⅜′—½′ long; calyx-lobes only slightly enlarged, mostly deciduous before the fruit ripens, leaving a well-defined ring at the summit of the short calyx-tube; flesh thin, light green; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and irregularly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.

A tree, sometimes 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical round-topped head, and slender lustrous chestnut-brown branchlets armed with straight or slightly curved thin spines rarely more than 1½′ long.

Distribution. Low rich river-bottoms and meadows in the neighborhood of Rome, Floyd County, Georgia.

56. Cratægus callicarpa Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base, coarsely often doubly serrate with long straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short broad acuminate lateral lobes, not more than a quarter grown when the flowers open late in April and then very thin, yellow-green and slightly villose above and on the midrib below, and at maturity thin, glabrous, dark yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the lower surface, 4′—4½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of prominent primary veins connected by conspicuous cross veinlets; petioles stout, slightly wing-margined at apex, sparingly glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots thicker, with shorter glandular petioles rose-colored toward the base. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels, in small compact 5—10-flowered corymbs, with lanceolate to linear-obovate glandular bracts and bractlets usually persistent until the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes separated by wide sinuses, short, broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening early in October on short stout spreading pedicels in 2 or 3-fruited clusters, broader than high, distinctly 5-angled, rounded at the wide apex, truncate at base, with a deep depression at the insertion of the pedicel, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous, marked by numerous large pale dots, ¾′—⅘′ broad, and about ¾′ high; calyx-lobes deciduous; flesh thin, light yellow slightly tinged with red, remaining on the ground through the winter without becoming soft; nutlets 5, thin, acute at apex, rounded at base, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged with a low grooved ridge on the back, ⅕′—¼′ long and wide.

A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall stem 5′—6′ in diameter covered with dark scaly bark, and stout nearly straight branchlets dark orange-green when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown, lustrous and marked by small pale lenticels in their first season, and dull reddish brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved purplish spines 1′—1½′ in length.

Distribution. Rich hillsides, near Shrewsbury, St. Louis County, Missouri.

57. Cratægus disjuncta Sarg.

Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, full and rounded or concave cuneate at the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided above the middle into narrow acuminate spreading lobes, thin, glabrous, dark blue-green above, pale below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2¼′—2½′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, wing-margined at apex, glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length. Flowers opening the first of May, ⅔′ in diameter, on long stout pedicels, in glabrous compact 3—6 usually 5-flowered glabrous corymbs, with conspicuous glandular early deciduous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender, acuminate, glabrous, entire or sparingly glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit on stout rigid pedicels, in drooping or spreading clusters, subglobose, usually rather broader than high, angled, green more or less tinged with red, pruinose, ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short tube and much enlarged spreading or erect lobes usually deciduous at midsummer; flesh thin, greenish yellow; nutlets usually 4, rounded at the ends, deeply grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.

A tree, 15°—18° high, with a tall slender trunk, covered with dark slightly scaly bark, small erect and spreading branches forming an open irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag glabrous branchlets dark olive-green tinged with red when they first appear, dark dull reddish brown or purple and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their first season, becoming light grayish brown in their second year, and armed with numerous stout nearly straight dark purple lustrous spines 2½′—3′ in length.

Distribution. Gravelly banks of small streams near Monteer, Shannon County, and at Carl Junction, Jasper County, Missouri.

VI. SILVICOLÆ.

_Medioximæ_ Sarg.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Fruit on short erect pedicels; leaves rounded or occasionally slightly cordate at base. 58. C. drymophila (C). Fruit on elongated drooping pedicels. Leaves truncate, cordate or rounded at base; anthers, pale rose. 59. C. diffusa (A). Leaves cuneate or rounded at base; anthers, dark purple. 60. C. luxuriosa (A).

58. Cratægus drymophila Sarg.

_Cratægus silvicola_ Beadl.

Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded at the entire base, sharply and often doubly serrate above with gland-tipped teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided into short acute lateral lobes, when they unfold dark red and coated with short soft pale hairs most abundant on the upper surface, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of April and then nearly glabrous, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and smooth or scabrate above, pale and glabrous below, or occasionally villose along the under side of the slender midrib, and of 3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins extending to the point of the lobes, about 2′ long and 1½′—1¾′ wide; petioles slender, glandular, about 1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deltoid, truncate or cordate at base, more coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and often 2½′ long and wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in compact few-flowered thin-branched glabrous corymbs, with linear glandular bright red caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed, acuminate, glabrous, entire or glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening at the end of September and soon falling, on short pedicels, in erect few-fruited clusters, subglobose and often a little broader than long, red or greenish yellow, with a rosy cheek, about ½′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading lobes usually deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 3—5, about ¼′ long.

A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall straight trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, covered with close or slightly fissured bark broken into small gray or red-brown scales, and often armed with long stout branched gray spines, ascending or spreading branches forming a narrow irregular or round-topped head, and slender branchlets dark green tinged with red and covered with long pale scattered white hairs when they first appear, soon becoming glabrous, bright red-brown during their first year, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with few or many thin straight or somewhat curved bright chestnut-brown spines 1½′—2′ long; or in dry soil of upland forests usually a shrub, with numerous stems.

Distribution. Low moist flat woods; northern Alabama and northwestern and central Georgia, and occasionally on the drier uplands of the surrounding country; common; central Mississippi (Pelahatchee, Rankin County; Jackson, Hinds County, and in Franklin County); eastern Louisiana (Holtsville, St. Tammany Parish, anthers pink, _R. S. Cocks_).

59. Cratægus diffusa Sarg.

_Cratægus Beckwithæ_ Sarg. _Cratægus Robbinsiana_ Sarg.

Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the entire base, often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and more or less deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of spreading acuminate lateral lobes, deeply-tinged with red, glabrous below and covered above with short white hairs when they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open from the middle to the 20th of May and then thin, pale yellow-green and hairy above and pale below, and at maturity thin and firm, smooth, dark green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 1¼′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; often turning orange color tinged with red in the autumn; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, glandular with minute stipitate dark glands, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, usually long-pointed, cordate or rarely truncate at base, more coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and frequently 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout reddish conspicuously glandular petiole ⅖′—⅗′ in length. Flowers ½′—⅗′ in diameter, on slender glabrous pedicels, in 6—10-flowered corymbs, with linear glandular bracts and bractlets mostly deciduous before the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base, acuminate at the gland-tipped apex, entire or slightly and irregularly toothed near the middle; stamens 7—10; anthers light rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening from the first to the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited erect clusters, depressed-globose, rather broader than high, dull red and slightly pruinose, becoming lustrous, and about ½′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading appressed lobes bright red on the upper side below the middle and mostly persistent on the ripe fruit; flesh thin, hard, greenish white; nutlets 4 or 5, broad and rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at apex, ridged on the back with a high ridge, about ¼′ long.

A tree, occasionally 30° high with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with light gray closely appressed scales, comparatively small erect branches forming an open head, and slender slightly zigzag branchlets marked by numerous dark lenticels, green tinged with red and glabrous when they first appear, bright chestnut-brown and lustrous during their first winter, and pale gray-brown the following year, and armed with numerous slender or occasionally stout nearly straight bright red-brown shining spines 1¼′—1½′ long; usually smaller and sometimes a shrub.

Distribution. Valley of the Connecticut River (Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, and Westminster and Putney, Windham County, Vermont), western Vermont (near Burlington, Chittenden County); eastern, central and western New York; common.

60. Cratægus luxuriosa Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, gradually narrowed and cuneate or rounded at the often unsymmetrical base, finely often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided usually only above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of small acute lobes, about half grown when the flowers open late in May and then thin, dark yellow-green and roughened above by short white hairs and paler below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale bluish green on the lower surface, 2¼′—2½′ long, and 1¾′—2′ wide, with a slender midrib and obscure primary veins; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, occasionally glandular with minute persistent glands, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded at base, coarsely serrate, laterally lobed with numerous short broad lobes, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on short slender pedicels, in compact mostly 6—12-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes long, slender, acuminate, entire or occasionally slightly dentate near the middle, glabrous on the outer surface, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 8—10; anthers bright purple; styles 3—5. Fruit ripening and beginning to fall early in October, on short stout pedicels, in drooping usually 1—3-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, scarlet, lustrous, marked by pale dots, ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with a deep narrow cavity and spreading and incurved usually persistent lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle; flesh thick, yellow-green and acid; nutlets 3—5, usually 4, gradually narrowed and rounded at the ends, ridged on the back with a broad high grooved ridge, about ¼′ long.

An oval-headed tree, 20°—30° high, with a short trunk sometimes 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with dark gray scaly bark, and stout zigzag often contorted branchlets dark orange-green and marked by large pale lenticels when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown and lustrous in their first season and dull red-brown the following year, and armed with few stout slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines 1′—1½′ long, persistent and becoming branched on old stems.

Distribution. Rich hillsides, Kittanning, Armstrong County, and on the flood plain of the Allegheny River at Whiskey Hollow across the river from Kittanning, and Linesville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.

VII. TENUIFOLIÆ.

CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.

Stamens 5—10. Corymbs villose. Leaves oblong-ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers pink; fruit obovoid to short-oblong. 61. C. apiomorpha (A). Leaves oblong-obovate; stamens 10; anthers reddish purple; fruit obovoid to subglobose. 62. C. paucispina (A). Corymbs glabrous; leaves oval or ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit short-oblong. 63. C. pentandra (A). Stamens usually 20. Corymbs villose. Leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rarely oval; fruit short-oblong to obovoid. 64. C. lucorum (A). Leaves rhombic to broad-ovate or rarely obovate; fruit ellipsoidal. 65. C. lacera (C). Corymbs glabrous. Leaves ovate; anthers pale rose color; fruit subglobose to broad-obovoid, dark red. 66. C. depilis (A). Leaves ovate; stamens 15—20; anthers dark rose color; fruit subglobose. 67. C. basilica (A).

61. Cratægus apiomorpha Sarg.

Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the entire often unsymmetrical base, finely doubly serrate above with slender glandular teeth, and slightly divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of triangular acute lobes, about half grown when the flowers open early in May and then membranaceous, light yellow-green and tinged with red or bronze color, and covered above with short white hairs and pale and glabrous below, and at maturity thick and firm in texture, dark blue-green and smooth and lustrous or sometimes dull and scabrate on the upper surface, pale blue-green on the lower surface, 1½′—2¼′ long, and 1⅛′—1½′ wide, with a stout midrib, and primary veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly winged at the apex, often sparingly glandular, ⅜′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3′ long. Flowers ½′—¾′ in diameter, on short villose or glabrous pedicels, in compact many-flowered usually hairy corymbs, their bracts and bractlets linear to oblong-obovate, glandular-serrate with stipitate dark red or purple glands, turning red before falling, mostly persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base, slender, acuminate, entire or sparingly glandular; stamens 5—10, usually 5; anthers pink; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening early in September and soon falling, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid or rarely short-oblong, bright reddish purple, marked by small scattered pale dots, ⅜′—⅝′ long, and ¼′—⅓′ in diameter; calyx much enlarged, with spreading lobes, their tips mostly deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, juicy, pleasantly acid; nutlets 3—5, thin, rounded and ridged on the back with a low ridge, about ¼′ long.

A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk 6′ in diameter and 3°—6° long, covered with dark gray bark separating into thin plates, in falling disclosing the yellow inner bark, numerous ascending branches forming an oblong or pyramidal crown, and slender branchlets dark dull red-brown during their first season, becoming dark gray-brown the following year, and unarmed, or armed with slender nearly straight dull red-brown ultimately ashy gray spines 1′—1½′ long; or often shrubby, with numerous stems spreading into small clumps.

Distribution. Dry open places, borders of woods, and the margins of the high banks of streams; common and generally distributed in northeastern Illinois.

62. Cratægus paucispina Sarg.

Leaves oblong-obovate, acuminate, rounded, concave-cuneate to truncate or subcordate at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of acute lateral lobes spreading or pointing toward the apex of the leaf, about half grown when the flowers open early in May and then light yellow-green and slightly roughened above by short white hairs and paler and glabrous below, and at maturity membranaceous, dark blue-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale blue-green on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and 1½′—2½′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, usually without glands, tinged with purple in the autumn, ¾′—1½′ in length. Flowers ⅝′—¾′ in diameter, on slender hairy pedicels, in broad 12—20-flowered slightly villose corymbs, their bracts and bractlets linear to oblong-obovate, glandular, red, mostly persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes narrow, acuminate, glandular-serrate with small dark red stipitate glands, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner surface; stamens 10; anthers bright reddish purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening during the first half of September and soon falling, on slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping clusters, obovoid to subglobose, crimson or purplish, marked by numerous small pale dots, slightly pruinose, ½′—⅝′ long, and about ½′ in diameter; calyx small, with reflexed and appressed or erect and incurved serrate lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle, often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, juicy, acid and edible; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and slightly grooved or obscurely ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.