Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition.

THE LOWER EXTREMITY: Congenital dislocation of hip--Snapping hip--Paralytic deformities--Contracture and ankylosis of hip--Coxa vara and coxa valga--Congenital dislocation of kn...

Anatomy and physiology--Cerebral localisation--Lumbar puncture. HEAD INJURIES--Concussion--Cerebral irritation--Compression--Contusion and laceration of the brain, and traumatic...

The organisms most frequently associated with these conditions are the staphylococcus aureus and the streptococcus, but it is not uncommon to meet with mixed infections in which...

#Contusions of Bone# are almost of necessity associated with a similar injury of the overlying soft parts. The mildest degree consists in a bruising of the periosteum, which is...

Surgical Anatomy--FRACTURES OF CLAVICLE: _Varieties_--DISLOCATION OF CLAVICLE: _Varieties_--DISLOCATION OF SHOULDER: _Varieties_--Sprains and contusions of shoulder--FRACTURE OF...

Examination of the larynx--CARDINAL SYMPTOMS OF LARYNGEAL AFFECTIONS: (1) Interference with the voice: _Hoarseness_; _Aphonia_--(2) Dysphagia--(3) Interference with respiration:...

POTT'S DISEASE: _Pathology_; _Clinical features_--Pott's disease as it affects different regions of the spine--Disease of the sacro-iliac joint; Syphilitic disease of spine; Tum...

For descriptive as well as for practical purposes, it is useful to divide fractures of the pelvis into those that involve the integrity of the pelvic girdle as a whole, and thos...

_Surgical Anatomy_--FRACTURE OF LOWER END OF FEMUR: _Supra-condylar_; _T- or Y-shaped_; _Separation of epiphysis_; _Either condyle_--FRACTURE OF UPPER END OF TIBIA: _Of head_; _...

_Initial Stage._--At this stage the disease is confined to a focus in the bone which has not yet opened into the joint or to the synovial membrane. The onset is insidious, and i...

The spine is movable in all directions--flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation around the long axis of the column. Flexion is accompanied by compression of the interv...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--In the middle line the following structures may be recognised on palpation: (1) the _hyoid bone_, lying below and behind the body of the lower jaw, on a lev...

Surgical Anatomy--Examination of injured elbow--FRACTURE OF LOWER END OF HUMERUS: _Supra-condylar_; _Inter-condylar_; _Separation of epiphysis_; _Fracture of either condyle alon...

Surgical Anatomy--Methods of examination--Wounds--Rupture--Swallowing of caustics--Impaction of foreign bodies--Infective conditions: _Oesophagitis_; _Peri-oesophagitis_; _Tuber...

TEETH: Dental caries--Impacted wisdom tooth. GUMS: Gingivitis; Pyorrhoea alveolaris; Hypertrophy; Epithelioma. JAWS: Pyogenic affections: _Periostitis_; _Osteomyelitis_; Tubercu...

Fracture of nasal bones--Deformities of nose: _Saddle nose_; _Partial and complete destruction of nose_; _Restoration of nose_; _Rhinophyma_--Intra-nasal affections--Examination...

_Development._--About the middle of the first month of intra-uterine life the prosencephalon bends acutely forward over the end of the notochord and sends out from its base a se...

Surgical Anatomy--CARDINAL SYMPTOMS OF EAR DISEASE: _Impairment of hearing_; _Tinnitus aurium_; _Earache_; _Giddiness_; _Discharge_--Hearing tests--Inspection of ear--Inflation...

These include fractures of the lower ends of the bones of the forearm and separation of their epiphyses; sprains and dislocations of the inferior radio-ulnar, and of the radio-c...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--The tongue is composed of interlaced, striped muscle fibres, partly consisting of the terminations of the extrinsic muscles, and partly of the intrinsic mus...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--The function of a joint is to permit of the movement of one bone upon another. The articular surfaces are covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, an...

The fractures in this region include Pott's fracture, and its converse; separation of the lower epiphysis of the tibia; fractures of the talus, calcaneus, and other tarsal bones...

The bones of the skull may be contused or fractured. These injuries are not in themselves serious: their clinical importance is derived from the injury to the intra-cranial cont...

Three main deviations of the vertebral column are described: _Lordosis_, in which it is unduly arched forwards; _Kyphosis_, in which it is unduly arched backwards; and _Scoliosi...

#Stomatitis.#--The term stomatitis is applied to any inflammation of the buccal mucous membrane. The _catarrhal_ form is often associated with the presence of carious teeth or a...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--The _thyreoid gland_ consists of two lateral lobes connected by an isthmus. The lateral lobes lie in contact with the side of the larynx up to the middle of...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--_The parotid gland_ lies on the side of the face below and in front of the ear, and extends deeply behind the mandible reaching almost to the side wall of t...

#Surgical Anatomy.#--The _skin_ of the scalp is intimately united to the _epicranial aponeurosis_ by a network of firm fibrous tissue containing some granular fat, and represent...

The shoulder is seldom the seat of disease, and most affections of the joint are met with in adults. In young subjects, infective processes result chiefly from extension of dise...

#Suppurative Periostitis and Osteomyelitis.#--These conditions may be the result of infection through the blood stream, but as a rule they follow upon a breach of the surface ca...