CHAPTER 18

PERSONAL TAXES

REFERENCES.

_Adams, T. S._, The effect of income and inheritance taxes on the distribution of wealth. A. E. Rev., 5 (no. 1, supp.): 234-244. 1915.

The place of the income tax in the reform of state taxation. A. E. Assn. Bul., 4th ser., 1 (no. 2): 302-321. 1911.

*_Blakey, R. G._, The new income tax. A. E. Rev., 4: 25-46. 1914.

_Bowley, A. L._, The British super-tax and the distribution of income. Q. J. E., 28: 255-268. 1913-1914.

*_Bullock_, chs. XII, XVI.

The taxation of property and income in Massachusetts. Q. J. E., 31: 1-61. 1916-1917.

_Daniels_, Pt. II, ch. VIII.

_Grice, J. W._, Recent developments in taxation in England. A. E. Rev., 1: 488-504. 1911.

_Hill, J. A._, The income tax of 1913. Q. J. E., 28: 46-68. 1913-1914.

_Seligman, E. R. A._, The income tax. Ed., 1914.

_Smith, R. H._, Distribution of income in Great Britain and incidence of the income tax. Q. J. E., 25: 216-238. 1910-1911.

_West, Max_, The inheritance tax. 2d ed., 1908.

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the present status of the inheritance tax in the American commonwealths?

2. Discuss the proposition that income is the normal source of taxation.

3. Outline the history of income tax legislation by the federal government. What were the conditions which led to the income tax legislation of 1913?

4. What conception of income does the recent income tax embody? Illustrate some peculiar distinctions resulting from this use of "income."

5. What is your opinion concerning the justice of progressive taxation?

6. Name the two principal arguments in favor of progressive taxation. Which two arguments in favor of progressive taxation do you consider the strongest and why? Which two arguments against progressive taxation do you consider the weakest and why? To what kinds of taxes, if to any, is the principle of progression inapplicable and why?