CHAPTER IX.

ARCHÆOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES AT SUSA.

§ 1. M. DE MORGAN’S MISSION IN SUSIANA 299 § 2. CHRONOLOGY OF THE RUINS ACCORDING TO RECENT DISCOVERIES 303 § 3. THE PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING 313 § 4. STONE SCULPTURE 316 § 5. BRONZE METAL-WORK 326 § 6. JEWELLERY AND THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS 331

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIGURE PAGE

1. Brick from Tello 5 2. Plan of the palace at Tello 9 3. Section of pillar 10 4. Corbelled vaulting at Mugheir 14 5. Socket for pivot of door from Tello 18 6. Terra-cotta cone from Tello 18 7. Drainage pipe at Mugheir 20 8. Foundation cylinder from Khorsabad 22 9. Bas-relief from Tello 23 10. Bas-relief from Tello 24 11. The Vulture Stela 25 12. The Vulture Stela 25 13. The Vulture Stela 26 14. Chaldæan head 27 15. Chaldæan head 27 16. Chaldæan statue 28 17. Chaldæan statue 29 18. Foot of Chaldæan vase 31 19. Bas-relief from Tello 32 20. Bas-relief from Tello 32 21. The “Caillou Michaux” 34 22. Stela of Marduk-nadin-akhi 34 23. Chaldæan statuette in bronze 35 24. Chaldæan statuette 36 25. Canephoros of Kudurmapuk 37 26. Chaldæan statuette in bronze 38 27. Chaldæan statuette in terra-cotta 40 28. Chaldæan statuette in alabaster 42 29. Bas-relief on the tablet of the god Samas 42 30. Chaldæan head in steatite 43 31. Chaldæan cylinder 45 32. Chaldæan cylinder 46 33. Chaldæan cylinder 46 34. Cylinder of Sargani 47 35. Chaldæan cylinder 48 36. Tomb at Warka 51 37. Masonry at Khorsabad 53 38. Section of wall at Khorsabad 53 39. Vaulted and domed houses 56 40. Vaulted drain 57 41. Vaulted drain at Khorsabad 58 42. Vaulted drain at Khorsabad. Slope of the bricks 59 43. Façade with pilasters 62 44. Base of column 62 45. Assyrian capital 63 46. Capital of Sassanian period from Warka 62 47. Shrine with columns 64 48. Base of small column 65 49. Plan of Dur-Sarrukin 67 50. Plan of the palace of Sargon 68 51. South-eastern façade of the palace of Sargon 69 52. Birds’-eye view of the palace of Sargon 71 53. The staged tower of Khorsabad 75 54. Temple of the god Haldia 77 55. Walls of Babylon 80 56. Chaldæan plan of a fortress 81 57. Assyrian plan of a fortress 82 58. Siege of a fortress 83 59. Plan of a gate at Khorsabad 84 60. Gate of Khorsabad 84 61. Statue of Assur-nasir-pal 86 62. Statue in the hareem at Khorsabad 87 63. Stela of Samsi-Rammanu 88 64. Stela of Assurbanipal 89 65. Obelisk of Shalmaneser 89 66. Assur-nasir-pal sacrificing a bull 91 67. Genius with the beak of an eagle 92 68. Two-winged genius 92 69. Four-winged genius, Khorsabad 93 70. Winged and human-headed lion 94 71. Front face of a winged bull 95 72. Battle scene 96 73. The Assyrian army in a mountainous country 97 74. Siege of a fortress 98 75. Navigation scene 99 76. Eunuchs 101 77. Assurbanipal and his queen 102 78. Jewish type from a bas-relief from the palace of Sennacherib 103 79. Assurbanipal in his chariot 102 80. Sargon 105 81. Wounded lioness 107 82. Slaves carrying a lion and birds. Bas-relief 108 83. Envoy bringing apes as tribute 109 84. Fragment of threshold, Kouyunjik 111 85. Slaves dragging a winged bull 112 86. Deer-hunt. Bas-relief 113 87. Painting on plaster, Nimroud 115 88. Portion of an enamelled archivolt at Khorsabad 116 89. Enamelled brick, Nimroud 117 90. Izdubar. Terra-cotta 122 91. Head of a monster. Terra-cotta 122 92. Tablet with figure of boar in relief 123 93. The Divine Mother. Terra-cotta 124 94. Istar. Terra-cotta 124 95. Gates of Balawat 126 96. Fragment of metal band of Balawat gates 127 97. Bronze dish, Nimroud 128 98. Assyrian archers 128 99. Various forms of the Assyrian helmet 128 100. Bronze lion 129 101. Bronze siren 129 102. Bronze siren 130 103. The demon of the south-west wind 130 104. Bronze plaque 131 105. Bronze plaque 132 106. Standard in a bas-relief from Khorsabad 133 107. Foot of a piece of furniture 133 108. Tent serving as the royal stable 136 109. Sennacherib’s throne. Bas-relief 136 110. Assyrian chariot 137 111. Ivory plaque 137 112. Assur-nasir-pal offering a libation 139 113. Richly caparisoned horse and rider 140 114. Assyrian deities carried in procession 142 115. Archaic Assyrian cylinder 144 116. Assyrian cylinder 145 117. Assyrian cylinder 145 118. Assyrian cylinder 145 119. Median cylinder 146 120. Platform of the palace of Cyrus 149 121. Basement at Persepolis 150 122. Gate and windows of the palace of Darius 151 123. Persepolitan capital 153 124. Plan of the Apadâna of Artaxerxes 154 125. Susian capital restored 155 126. Base of a column 156 127. Façade of the Apadâna of Artaxerxes 157 128. Cyrus. Bas-relief 160 129. Bas-relief at Persepolis 161 130. Bas-relief at Persepolis 162 131. Bas-relief from Persepolis 163 132. Bas-relief at Persepolis 164 133. Bas-relief at Persepolis 165 134. Portico at Persepolis 166 135. The lion frieze 168 136. Susian archer 169 137. Polychrome decoration of the palace of Artaxerxes 171 138. The tower of Jur. Restoration 173 139. The Gabr-i-Madar-i-Soleiman 176 140. Tomb of Cambyses I. 177 141. Façade of tomb at Nakhsh-i-Rustam 178 142. Cylinder of Darius 181 143. Persian cylinder 182 144. Persian seal 182 145. Seal of Artaxerxes 182 146. Persian seal. Conical 182 147. Persian seal 183 148. De Luynes’ bas-relief 184 149. The lion of Marash 186 150. Stela from Birejik 187 151. Fragments of sculpture from Carchemish 188 152. Bas-relief at Rum-Qalah 189 153. Stela at Marash 189 154. The sphinx of Euyuk 192 155. Rock sculptures at Iasili-Kaïa 193 156. Rock sculptures at Iasili-Kaïa 194 157. Rock sculptures at Iasili-Kaïa 194 158. Rock sculpture at Iasili-Kaïa 195 159. Rock sculpture of Iasili-Kaïa 195 160. Rock sculpture of Iasili-Kaïa 196 161. Tomb of Gherdek-Kaïasi 196 162. Sculpture at Iasili-Kaïa 198 163. Rock sculptures at Ghiaur Kalesi 199 164. Rock sculpture at Ibriz 200 165. Rock sculpture at Nymphio 201 166. Boss of Tarkudimme 203 167. Hittite cylinder 203 168. Site of the Temple on Mount Moriah 206 169. Plan of Herod’s restoration 211 170. The Jews’ Wailing-place 213 171. The western door. Present state 215 172. Interior view of the Double Gate 216 173. Plan of Herod’s Temple 218 174. Bird’s-eye view of Herod’s Temple 219 175. The Altar of Burnt-offerings 221 176. Egyptian naos and cherubim 225 177. Egyptian ark and naos 225 178. Egyptian table of offerings 226 179. Seven-branched candlestick 226 180. Capital of the bronze columns 227 181. The brazen sea 228 182. Movable basin 229 183. The tomb of Abraham at Hebron 233 184. Absalom’s tomb 234 185. Sepulchral chamber at Medaïn Salih 235 186. The monolith of Siloam 236 187. Tomb in the valley of Hinnom 237 188. Shrine at Ain el-Hayât 240 189. Coin of Paphos 241 190. Plan of the Giganteja 244 191. Roman wall at Byrsa 245 192. Terra-cotta house 248 193. Plan of the harbours at Carthage 250 194. Jetty of Thapsus 252 195. Tomb at Amrith. Plan 253 196. Tomb at Amrith. Section 253 197. Sepulchral chamber at Amrith 254 198. Mighzal at Amrith 254 199. The Burj el-Bezzâk 255 200. Chamber of the Burj el-Bezzâk 255 201. The Burj el-Bezzâk. Restoration 255 202. Section of a tomb at Saïda 256 203. Entrance of a tomb at Gebal 256 204. The sarcophagus of Eshmunazar 257 205. Sarcophagus in human form 258 206. Tomb at Amathus 260 207. Sepulchral chamber at Amathus 260 208. Plan of a tomb at Carthage 261 209. Phœnician slab at Amrith 263 210. Cypriote statue 265 211. Votive stela from Carthage 266 212. Stela from Lilybæum 267 213. Stela of Hadrumetum 268 214. Colossal head from Athieno 270 215. The colossus of Amathus 272 216. The priest with the dove 273 217. Bas-relief of Heracles and Eurytion 274 218. Sarcophagus from Amathus 275 219. Phœnician chariot in terra-cotta 277 220. Pygmy in terra-cotta 278 221. Pygmy in terra-cotta 278 222. Terra-cotta head from sarcophagus 279 223. Astarte. Phœnician terra-cotta 279 224. Terra-cotta from Cyprus 280 225. Cypriote terra-cotta 280 226. Cypriote terra-cotta 281 227. Cypriote terra-cotta 281 228. Mask from Carthage 282 229. Terra-cotta mask from Carthage 282 230. Transparent glass vase bearing name of Sargon 285 231. Phœnician glass 287 232. Glass vase from Jerusalem 288 233. Patera from Palestrina 289 234. Dish from Dali 290 235. Handle of a bronze crater 291 236. Phœnician gold ornament 292 237. Phœnician earrings 293 238. Cylinder in the De Clercq collection 294 239. Cylinder in the British Museum 295 240. Scarabæoid seal 297 241. Scarabæoid seal 297 242. Bone cylinder, showing the earliest stage of cuneiform writing 305 243. Fragment of an Elamite tablet inscribed with arithmetical calculations 306 244. Cylinder showing giants, lions, and bulls, glazed pottery 307 245. Brick Column. Susa 315 246. Triumphal stela of Naram-Sin 318 247. Fragment of bas-relief representing figure of Negrito type 323 248. Stela of Hammurabi, on which his code of laws is engraved 324 249. Kudurru (unfinished), Kassite period 325 250. Bronze bas-relief fragment 328 251. Bronze statuette. Temple of Shushinak 331 252. Gold and silver statuettes 332 253. Silver mask. Elamite period 333 254. Head-dress. Elamite period 334 255. Figure of a woman, ivory 335

ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES.