Manual of Military Training Second, Revised Edition
Chapter 62
MILITARY SKETCHING
(While this chapter presents the principal features of military sketching in a simple, clear manner, attention is invited to the fact that the only way that any one who has never done any sketching can follow properly the statements made, is to do so with the instruments and the sketching material mentioned at hand. In fact, the only way to learn how to sketch is to _sketch_.)
=1878.= A military sketch is a rough map showing the features of the ground that are of military value.
Military sketching is the art of making such a military sketch.
Military sketches are of three kinds:
Position sketches, Fig. 1;
Outpost sketches;
Road sketches.
All kinds of military sketches are intended to give a military commander detailed information of the ground to be operated over, when this is not given by the existing maps, or when there are no maps of the area.
The general methods of sketching are:
(1) The location of points by intersection.
(2) The location of points by resection.
=1879. Location of points by intersection.= To locate a point by intersection proceed as follows: Set up, level and orient the sketching board (Par. 1872), at A, Fig. 1. The board is said to be oriented when the needle is parallel to the sides of the compass trough of the drawing board, Fig 2. (At every station the needle must have this position, so that every line on the sketch will be parallel to the corresponding line or direction on the ground.) Assume a point (A) on the paper, Fig. 1 Y, in such a position that the ground to be sketched will fall on the sheet. Lay the ruler on the board and point it to the desired point (C), all the while keeping the edge of the ruler on the point (A), Fig. 1 Y. Draw an indefinite line along the edge. Now move to (B), Fig. 1 X, plotted on the map in (b), Fig. 1 X, and having set up, leveled and oriented as at (A), Fig. 1 Y, sight toward (C) as before. The intersection (crossing) of the two lines locates (C) on the sketch at (c), Fig. 1 X.
=1880. Locating points by resection.= A sketcher at an unknown point may locate himself from two visible known points by setting up and orienting his sketching board. He then places his alidade (ruler) so that it points at one of the known points, keeping the edge of the alidade touching the corresponding point on the sketch. He then draws a ray (line) from the point toward his eye. He repeats the performance with the other visible known point and its location on the map. The point where the rays intersect is his location. This method is called _resection_. However, local attractions for the compass greatly affect this method.
=1881. The location of points by traversing.= To locate a point by traversing is done as follows: With the board set up, leveled and oriented at A, Fig. 1 Y, as above, draw a line in the direction of the desired point B, Fig. 1 X, and then move to B, counting strides, keeping record of them with a tally register, Fig. 3, if one is available. Set up the board at B, Fig. 1 X, and orient it by laying the ruler along the line (a)-(b), Fig. 1 X, and moving the board until the ruler is directed toward A, Fig. 1 Y, on the ground; or else orient by the needle as at A. With the scale of the sketcher's strides on the ruler, lay off the number of strides found from A, Fig. 1 Y, to B, Fig. 1 X, and mark the point (b), Fig. 1 X. Other points, such as C, D, etc., would be located in the same way.
=1882. The determination of the heights of hills, shapes of the ground, etc., by contours.= To draw in contours on a sketch, the following steps are necessary:
(a) From the known or assumed elevation of a located station as A, Fig. 1 Y, (elevation 890), the elevations of all hill tops, stream junctures, stream sources, etc, are determined.
(b) Having found the elevations of these critical points the contours are put in by spacing them so as to show the slope of the ground along each line such as (a)-(b), (a)-(c), etc., Fig. 1 Y, as these slopes actually are on the ground.
To find the elevation of any point, say C (shown on sketch as c), proceed as follows:
Read the vertical angle with slope board, Fig. 2, or with a clinometer, Fig. 4. Suppose this is found to be 2 degrees; lay the scale of M. D.[22] (ruler, Fig. 2) along (a)-(c), Fig. 1 Y, and note the number of divisions of -2 degrees (minus 2 deg.) between (a) and (c). Suppose there are found to be 5-1/2 divisions; then, since each division is 10 feet, the total height of A above C is 55 feet (5-1/2 x 10). C is therefore 835 ft. elev. which is written at (c), Fig. 1 Y. Now looking at the ground along A-C, suppose you find it to be a very decided concave (hollowed out) slope, nearly flat at the bottom and steep at the top. There are to be placed in this space (a)-(c), Fig. 1 Y, contours 890, 880, 870, 860 and 850, and they would be spaced close at the top and far apart near (c), Fig. 1 Y, to give a true idea of the slope.
The above is the entire principle of contouring in making sketches and if thoroughly learned by careful repetition under different conditions, will enable the student to soon be able to carry the contours with the horizontal locations.
=1883.= In all maps that are to be contoured some plane, called the _datum plane_, must be used to which all contours are referred. This plane is usually mean sea level and the contours are numbered from this plane upward, all heights being elevations above mean sea level.
In a particular locality that is to be sketched there is generally some point the elevation of which is known. These points may be bench marks of a survey, elevation of a railroad station above sea level, etc. By using such points as the reference point for contours the proper elevations above sea level will be shown.
In case no point of known elevation is at hand the elevation of some point will have to be assumed and the contours referred to it.
Skill in contouring comes only with practice but by the use of expedients a fairly accurate contoured map can be made. In contouring an area the stream lines and ravines form a framework or skeleton on which the contours are hung more or less like a cobweb. These lines are accurately mapped and their slopes determined and the contours are then sketched in.
If the sketcher desires he may omit determining the slopes of the stream lines and instead determine the elevations of a number of critical points (points where the slope changes) in the area and then draw in the contours remembering that contours bulge downward on slopes and upward on streams lines and ravines.
If time permits both the slopes of the stream lines and the elevation of the critical points may be determined and the resulting sketch will gain in accuracy.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 show these methods of determining and sketching in contours.
=1884. Form lines.= It frequently happens that a sketch must be made very hastily and time will not permit of contouring. In this case form lines are used. These lines are exactly like contours except that the elevations and forms of the hills and depressions which they represent are estimated and the sketcher draws the form lines in to indicate the varying forms of the ground as he sees it.
=1885. Scales.= The Army Regulations prescribe a uniform system of scales and contour intervals for military maps, as follows:
Road sketches and extended positions; scale 3 inches to a mile, vertical (or contour) interval, 20 feet.
Position or outpost sketches; scale 6 inches to a mile, vertical (or contour) interval, 10 feet.
This uniform system is a great help in sketching as a given map distance, Par. 1867a, represents the same degree of slope for both the 3 inch to the mile or the 6 inch to the mile scale. The map distances once learned can be applied to a map of either scale and this is of great value in sketching.
Construction of Working Scales
=1886. Working scale.= A _working scale_ is a scale used in making a map. It may be a scale for paces or strides or revolutions of a wheel.
=1887. Length of pace.= The length of a man's pace at a natural walk is about 30 inches, varying somewhat in different men. Each man must determine his own length of pace by walking several times over a known distance. In doing this be sure to take a natural pace. When you know your length of pace you merely count your paces in going over a distance and a simple multiplication of paces by length of pace gives your distance in inches.
In going up and down slopes one's pace varies. On level ground careful pacing will give you distances correct to within 3% or less.
The following tables give length of pace on slopes of 5 degrees to 30 degrees, corresponding to a normal pace on a level of 30.4 inches:
+-------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |Slopes | 0 deg.| 5 deg.| 10 deg.| 15 deg.| 20 deg.| 25 deg.| 30 deg.| +-------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |Length of step ascending | 30.4| 27.6| 24.4| 22.1| 19.7| 17.8| 15.0| |Length of step descending| 30.4| 29.2| 28.3| 27.6| 26.4| 23.6| 19.7| +-------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
For the same person, the length of step decreases as he becomes tired. To overcome this, ascertain the length of pace when fresh and when tired and use the first scale in the morning and the latter in the afternoon.
The result of the shortening of the pace due to fatigue or going over a slope, is to make the map larger than it should be for a given scale. This is apparent when we consider that we take more paces in covering a given distance than we would were it on a horizontal plane and we were taking our normal pace.
In going up or down a slope of 3 or 4 we actually walk 5 units, but cover only 4 in a horizontal direction. Therefore, we must make allowance when pacing slopes.
In counting paces count each foot as it strikes. In counting strides count only 1 foot as it strikes. A stride is two paces.
In practice it has been found that the scale of strides is far more satisfactory than a scale of paces.
=1888. How to make a scale of paces.= Having determined the length of our pace, any one of the following three methods may be used in making a working scale:
_1st method._ The so-called "One thousand unit rule" method is as follows:
Multiply the R. F. (representative fraction) by the number of inches in the unit of measure multiplied by 1000; the result will be the length of line in inches necessary to show 1000 units.
For example, let us suppose that we desire a graphic scale showing 1000 yards, the scale of the map being 3 inches equal 1 mile:
Multiply 1/21120 (R. F.) by 36 (36 inches in 1 yard, the unit of measure) by 1000,--that is,
(1/21120) x 36 x 1000 = 36000/21120 = 1.7046 inches.
Therefore, a line or graphic scale 1.7 inches in length will represent 1000 yards.
If we desire a working scale of paces at 3 inches to the mile, and we have determined that our pace is 31 inches long, we would have (1/21120) x 31 x 1000 = 31000/21120 = 1.467 inches.
We can now lay off this distance and divide it into ten equal parts, and each will give us a 100-pace division.
_2nd method._ Lay off 100 yards; ascertain how many of your paces are necessary to cover this distance; multiply R. F. by 7,200,000, and divide by the number of paces you take in going 100 yards. The result will be the length of line in inches which will show 2000 of your paces.
_3rd method._ Construct a scale of convenient length, about 6 inches, as described in Par. 1863, to read in the units you intend to measure your distance with (your stride, pace, stride of a horse, etc.), to the scale on which you intend to make your sketch.
For example, suppose your stride is 66 inches long (33 inch pace) and you wish to make a sketch on a scale of 3 inches = 1 mile. The R. F. of this scale is 3 inches/1 mile = 3 inches/63360 inches = 1/21120. That is 1 inch on your sketch is to represent 21120 inches on the ground. As you intend to measure your ground distances by counting your strides of 66 inches length, 1 inch on the sketch will represent as many of your strides on the ground as 66 is contained into 21120 = 320 strides. For convenience in sketching you wish to make your scale about 6 inches long. Since 1 inch represents 320 strides, 6 inches will represent 6 x 320 = 1,920 strides. As this is an odd number, difficult to divide into convenient subdivisions of hundreds, fifties, etc., construct your scale to represent 2,000 strides, which will give it a length slightly in excess of 6 inches--6.25. Lay off this length and divide it into ten main divisions of 200 strides each, and subdivide these into 50 stride divisions as explained in Par. 1862.
=1889. Position sketching.= The following are the instruments used in position sketching:
1. Drawing board with attached compass (Fig. 2);
2. Loose ruler, on board (Fig. 2);
3. Rough tripod or camera tripod;
4. Scale of M. D.'s (shown on ruler, Fig. 2);
5. Scale of sketchers, strides or paces (at six inches to one mile), on ruler;
6. Clinometer (not necessary if board has slope board, Fig. 6);
7. Scale of hundreds of yards shown on ruler;
8. Scale of paces.
Methods to be used
(1) Select a base line,--that is, a central line 1/4 to 1/2 mile long in the area to be sketched. It should have at its ends some plainly marked objects, such as telegraph poles, trees, corners of buildings, etc., and from its ends, and intermediate points, a good view of the area should be possible. The base line selected should be capable of being measured.
(2) Set up, level and orient the drawing board at one end of the base (A), Fig. 1, Y, for example. Draw a meridian on the sheet parallel to the position of the magnetic needle. Assume a point (A), Fig. 1, Y, corresponding to the ground point (A), 890, on the sheet, in such a position that the area to be sketched will lie on the sheet.
(3) Sight at hilltops, stream junctures, stream heads, etc., to begin the locations of these points by intersection, labelling each ray so as to be able to identify it later.
(4) Traverse to (b) and complete the locations by intersection as previously explained. If the base line is not accurately measured, the map will be correct within itself in all of its proportions, but its scale will not necessarily be the scale desired.
(5) Draw the details of the country between A and B and in the vicinity of this line, using the conventional signs for roads, houses, etc.
(6) The lines from station (b), Fig. 1, X, to any of the other located points may now be used as a new base line to carry the work over additional area.
(7) In case parts of the area are not visible from a base line, these parts are located by traversing as before explained.
(8) Having learned by several repetitions the above steps, the sketcher will then combine contouring with his horizontal locations.
=1890. Outpost sketching.= The same instruments are used as in position sketching, and so are the methods the same, except that the sketcher cannot advance beyond the outpost line, toward the supposed position of the enemy. It is often possible to select a measurable base line well in rear of the line of observation,--for instance, along the line of resistance. Secondary base lines may then be taken on or near the line of observation, from the extremities of which additional base lines may be selected, if necessary, and points toward the enemy's position located by intersection. Details are sketched in as in position sketching. For obvious reasons, no traversing should be done along the line of observation.
=1891. Road sketching.= The following are the instruments used in road sketching:
1. Drawing board or sketching case;
2. Loose ruler;
3. Scale of strides, or paces, if made dismounted; scale of time trotting or walking, if mounted;
4. Scale of hundreds of yards, at three inches to 1 mile;
5. Scale of M. D.'s;
6. Slope board (if clinometer is not available).
Methods to be used
(1) At station 1, Fig. 10, orient the board as described in par. 1872, holding the board in the hands, in front of the body of the sketcher, who faces toward station 2.
(2) Important points in the vicinity, such as the railroad bridge, the stream juncture, hilltops, are sighted for intersections, lines drawn as shown and the sketcher traverses to station 2.
(3) At station 2 he locates and draws in all details between station 1 and 2, to include about 300 yards on each side of the road.
(4) The traverse is then continued forward as described for 1 and 2.
(5) After some practice of horizontal sketching, as just described, the sketcher will be able to take up contouring in combination. The methods are as described in the paragraph on contouring.
(6) When the traverse runs off the paper as at A, Fig. 10, the following method is followed: Reorient the board so that the road forward will lie across the long dimensions of the paper; draw a meridian parallel to the compass needle and assume a point on the new sheet corresponding to the last point (A) plotted on the first sheet.
(7) On completion of the sketch various sections will be pasted together, so that all the meridians are parallel.
=1892. Combined sketching.= Let us suppose that we have the rectangle W, X, Y, Z, Fig. 11, assigned to us to map and that we have been given four sketching parties, and that the locations and elevations of A and B have been previously determined by triangulation and are plotted to scale on our rectangle.
A logical step would be to carefully plot the line a' b', and then the lines c' c" and c" d.
If the area is densely wooded we run "line of level" by using the slope board or clinometer and by taking elevations at points arbitrarily selected. Our lines will look something like this:
Each party will be given its rectangle with the traverses sketched in. They will each then run similar traverses over the other two sides of their area and then fill in. In this manner the whole work is tied up to the original lines.
Another method
The line A B, Fig. 12, is carefully plotted. Each of the four sketching parties has two sketching groups. One group of party No. 1 traverses line a' Y; then the other group of the party traverses the line a" y'. The first group of party of No. 2 accompanies them. The second group of party No. 2 traverses the line c" d, accompanied by the first group of party No. 3; the second group of party No. 3, and the first group of party No. 4 traverse b" z', and the second group of party No. 4 traverses b' Z. When the first group of party No. 1 arrives at Y, it traverses Y y'. The second group of party No. 1, arriving at y', cuts the sheet along traverse and gives the first group of party No. 2 the part which shows their area; and then traverses toward Y from y'. Upon meeting the first group of party No. 1, they join forces and proceed to fill in their area.
In the same manner areas W X a' b' are filled in.
The method described above is useful in working over country which is densely wooded, and in which a general view cannot be obtained, for example, in mapping jungles.
An additional article of the sketcher's equipment is a holder for his pencils, alidade, eraser, knife, pins, etc. This consists of a series of small pockets sewed on to a piece of canvas about 7 inches by 4 inches. This can be attached to the left breast of the sketcher's coat or shirt by means of two pins. In addition to keeping all of his implements in a handy place the holder prevents the loss of the several articles. Nothing is so discouraging to the sketcher as to look for his pencil, eraser, knife or even alidade and find that he has left it several hundred yards back where he sat down last to sketch in details. By using the holder the sketcher gets into the habit of replacing articles after they are used and consequently always has them with him when needed. These holders ready made can be obtained from the Secretary, Army Service Schools at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
In sketching a good quality of paper should always be used as erasures will be frequent. A specially prepared paper that has the appearance of oiled paper can be obtained commercially and is excellent for sketching in damp weather. It has considerable resistance to rain. Sheets of celluloid prepared for sketching are invaluable in sketching in the rain. These are a part of the equipment of the case of sketching instruments supplied battalions in the regular army. These sheets may be procured at most any dealers.
Points for Beginners to Remember
=1893.= 1. Always keep your pencils sharpened and have an eraser handy. No one but an expert can sketch with a dull pencil.
2. Use hard pencils when learning to sketch--4H to 6H--and go over your work afterwards with a softer pencil--2H.
3. Do not try to put down on your sketch a mass of small details that are too small to be shown on the scale at which you are sketching. For example, if you are making a sketch on a scale of 3 inches = 1 mile, do not try to show each house in a row of houses; simply indicate that there is a row of houses, by putting down several distinct conventional signs for houses in a row; nor should you try to show every little "cut" through which the road may run. Only use about one sign to the inch of telegraph or telephone lines, for wire fences, etc.
4. When first practicing sketching only plot the route over which you walk, indicating it by a single line. When you can do this with facility, go back over one of these plotted routes and fill in the woods, houses, streams and the other large features.
5. The beginner should sketch the same ground several times over--at least three or four times. Practice alone will make perfect.
6. Always try to compare your finished sketch with an accurate map of the ground, if one is obtainable. Try to practice on ground of which you can obtain a map.
7. Make each course (the distance you go between points where the direction of your route changes) as long as possible.
8. Do not try to contour until you are expert at making a sketch showing all the flat details (roads, streams, woods, houses, etc.).
9. Never try to "sketch in" the contours until you have plotted the stream lines or the direction of the valleys, ravines, etc. The contours are fitted to or sketched around the drainage system; not the drainage system to the contours.
10. Always "size up" ground before you sketch it; that is, take a general view of it, noticing the drainage system (the direction in which the streams flow or ravines run), the prominent hills and ridges, the direction the roads run, etc.
11. Above all things, DON'T FAKE ANY PART OF YOUR MAP.
If the man using your map happens to strike the faked portion, he immediately condemns your whole map as incorrect. Every other part may be highly accurate, but your whole map is discredited because the user strikes the bad part first. You will naturally put little faith in the man who has told you something you know to be untrue. You will always suspect him. So it is with maps. Don't put down anything that you don't know to be correct. If any guess work is to be done, let the man using the map do it,--he knows that he is guessing and will be governed accordingly, but if you do the guessing, he doesn't know where the guessing begins and the accurate work leaves off. Don't fudge. Your name is on the map,--_don't have any questionable work hitched up to your name_.
FOOTNOTES:
[22] Sheets of working scales reading in paces, strides, minutes, etc, at a scale of 3 and 6 inches to the mile can be obtained at little cost from the Secretary, Army Service Schools, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
INDEX
(The numbers refer to paragraphs)
A Par. No.
Abatis 1176
About face, how executed 105
1. About, 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH 229
About, turning by mounted officer 74
Abstract of clothing 905
Abstract record of memorandum receipts 901
Adjustment of fire 1428
Adjutant, formation of battalion 307; 308
Adjutant of general officer, post of 73
Adjutant's call 616; 693
Advance by crawling, etc. 261
ADVANCE BY RUSHES: Commands 259 Company as whole led by captain 260 Position, fire 293 When impossible for company to advance as a whole 258
ADVANCE GUARD: Commander with 542 Connecting files 584 Machine guns 553 Meeting engagement 542; 543
ADVANCE OF: Battalion acting as part of firing line 343 Company into an engagement 249-257 Firing line 346
ADVANCING: Improvised formations for 257 In succession of thin lines 255; 256 The attack 467; 471
Aerial mines 1200
Aides, post of 73
Aim, commands for 189
Aiming and sighting 1350
Aiming exercise 1368
Aiming point 1357
AIMING POINT: Announced before or after range 181 Designations, practice in repeating 201 Once designated not changed unless ordered 182 Use 284
ALIGNMENT: Battalion, rectifying 310; 312 Command of captains in battalion drill at command guide right (left) 301 Company 218 Definition 24 Deployed lines preserve general alignment 240 Dressing companies in formation of battalion in line 308 Placing left hand on hip 70 Position of captain and platoon leaders in prolongation 218 Position of captains in dressing companies in battalion drill 302 Preservation while marching 155 Rules for guides in close order 210; 211 Squad 154
AMMUNITION: Bandoleers 573 Combat train and major's responsibility for ammunition in belts 572 Destination of combat wagons when refilled 571 Expenditure of 432; 433 For company, husbanding and distribution 286 Issue before deployment of battalion 269 Issue upon deployment of battalion 331 Men not to be sent back from firing line for ammunition 574 Of dead and wounded 572 Rendezvous for each brigade 570 Replenishment of ammunition after engagement 575 Sent forward with reinforcements 574 Supply 360; 569-575 Thirty rounds in right pocket section 573
Amusement room 879
Appearance of objects in firing 1396
Appendices, Infantry Drill Regulations 696-710 and pp. 192 a b c d
Arm, disengaged, position at double time 121 (eighth)
Arm signals 92; 401
Arrangement of companies in battalion formation 297
Art of instruction on varied ground 933
Art of leadership 372
Art of war, definition 943
ARTILLERY: Action of infantry in case enemy has powerful artillery 418 Change of target by infantry warranted in case of flanking fire against artillery 424 Communication with firing line 402 Covering deployment of artillery in meeting engagement 541 Deployment of troops when exposed to hostile artillery 463 Effect on deployed infantry usually unimportant 345 Infantry against 597-600 Infantry passing through deployed artillery 470 In pursuit 494 In withdrawal from action 546 Part played in pursuit 491; 494 Supported by infantry 434-437 Use against machine guns 555 Use in delaying action 533 Withdrawal of attacking troops covered by artillery 489
ARTILLERY SUPPORTS: Charged only with protection of artillery 605 Detailing of supports 602 Formation and location in action 604 Formation on march 603 Purpose 601
Asphyxiating gases 1194
Asphyxiation, first aid 1478
ASSEMBLE FROM: Deployment Battalion 326 Company 248 Squad 173 Distances 159 Intervals 157 Platoon or squad columns 254
Assembled skirmishers not while marching to rear 173
ASSEMBLY: Arm signals 92 Call 693 Point indicated by company flag 95
AS SKIRMISHERS: Action of squad leaders at preparatory command 237 Deployment squad 170 Deployment in oblique direction 245 Deployment to flank or rear 246 From a column of twos or files 244 From platoon or squad column 253 Guide right (left or center) (being in column of squads) 244 Guide right (left or center) (being in line) 243 Rules for deployment 236-247 To increase or decrease intervals 172
'As you were' 64
AT EASE: Applicable to any marching formation 233 Extended order executed at ease 55 (b) How executed 100 To march 233 With arms, executed as without arms 121 (fifth)
Athletic apparatus, company 880
ATTACK: Advancing 467-471 Battalion in 342-356 Company in 249-294 Deployment for 463-466 Enveloping 461; 462 Feint 502 Fire attack 258-261; 414-438 Flank 459-462 Fortifications 495-498 Frontal 457; 462 General principles 456-502 Holding attack 499-502 Machine guns 555 Opening fire 417 Pursuit 490-494 Range 344; 426 The charge 478-489 Unit, the battalion 342
ATTENTION: Command for 82 Drills at are disciplinary exercises 55 (a) Forced at first word of command note of bugle or whistle 82 From parade rest 138 From rest and at ease resumed at order 121 (fifth) From route step or at ease 233 Position of 99
At trail (command) 121 (sixth)
At will fire 190
Automatic alarms trenches 1192
Auxiliary aiming points 1431
B
Back Step (backward march) 115
Bacon can, care of 1308
Balance position of left hand 122 (first)
Ballistic qualities of rifle 1410
BAND: In reviews 623; 624 Post of 71; 72; 299
Bandoleers ammunition in to be used first 573
Barricades 1185
Base company in advancing by rushes 348
Base, definition 25
Base squad in deployment 236-329; 243-245
BATTALION: Adjutant, formation of battalion 307; 308 Advance close in on enemy as much as possible before opening fire 344 Advance when part of firing line 343 Advance of firing line 346 Alignment rectifying 310; 311 Ammunition issue upon deployment 331 Arrangement of companies in battalion 297 Assembly from deployment 326 Attack principles 342-356 Attack unit, the 342 Base company in attack 329 Battalion a tactical unit 295 Battalion right (left) 318 Bayonets order to fix given by major 355; 361 Charge, the 356 Close on first (fourth) company 320 Close order drill 300-326 Column rectifying 312 Column of companies, first company squads right (left) 315 Column of squads first company, squads right (left) 316 Column of squads first (fourth) company, squads right (left) (from close column) 323 Column of squads first (fourth) company forward (from close line) 324 Column right (left) 317; 319 Combat principles 327-363 Command for guides repeated by captain 301 Commands repeated by captains 300 Consolidation to provide war strength organizations 55 (d) Counter attack 363 Covering fire rushes made under 349 Defense 371 Defense opening fire 360 Deployment Avoidance of premature 332 Companies and detachments taking their places 334 Depth of 334 Designation of base company 329 Designation of companies 298 Dismissing 309 Division of battalion into support and firing line 335 Dressing battalion 310; 311 Dressing companies, action of guides 302 Dressing companies, position of captains 302 Extend on first (fourth) company 321 File closers, post in route marches 325 Fire, delayed opening as long as possible 344 Fire fight, where and when to begin, indicated by major 341 Fire to be directed against hostile infantry 345 Firing line: Advance 346 Companies to be kept closed in on center 354 Placing entire battalion or regiments into 339 Fix bayonets, ordered by major 355 Flanks, protection 330 Flank units to begin rush 348 Formations 307; 308 Front occupied by 334-339 Guides, action when companies are dressed 302 Guides, command for, repeated by captains 301 Hostile infantry target 345 Inspection 650-654 Intervals between battalions on firing line 465 Largest unit executing movement at command of the commander 88 Loading and firing 306 Mass formations 320 Major: Apportions target 340 Duties and responsibilities 295 Gives orders to charge 356 Gives order to fix bayonet 355; 361 His order making disposition of battalion for combat 329 Indicates where or when fire fight begins 341 Locates trenches and obstacles 358 Post during attack 352 Post in route march 325 Reenforces firing line (See "Battalion Commander") 359 Movements executed as in school of the company 325 Movements executed as in school of soldier, squad and company 303; 304 Movements explained for four companies 296 Musicians repeat signals to charge 356 Musicians repeat signal to fix bayonet 355 Muster 655-657 On right (left) into line 313 Opening fire on defense 360 Order of companies 297 Parade 636 Plate showing formations 300 Positions of captains in dressing companies 302 Post of band and other special units 299 Post of major during attack 352 Reconnaissance 330 Rectifying column 312 Reenforcing firing line, two methods 354 Reenforcements size 353 Repetition of command by captains 300 Review 631-633 Right (left) 318 Right (left) (center) dress 310; 311 Right front (left) into line (from column of squads or companies) 314 Right front into line (from close column) 322 Rushes: Advance made under covering fire 349 Begin by flank company 348 Prearranged methods prohibited 351 Subsequent to advancing 350 Rushing units, size 346; 347 School of 295 Simultaneous movements by companies or platoons 305 Size of reenforcements 353 Staff officers 579 Support: Battalion acting alone in defense 362 None at beginning 339 Position 337 Size 336 To cover withdrawal 362 Tactical unit best suited for defense 357 Target, apportioned by major 340 Target, hostile infantry 345 Trenches located by major 358 Withdrawal covered by support 362
BATTALION COMMANDERS: Duty regarding reconnaissance 412-413 Equipped with different tone of whistle 83 Responsibility regarding ammunition 570 Signal to rear when ready to charge 480 See "Major" under "Battalion"
Battalion drill 300-363
Battalion inspection 650-654
Battalion parade 636
Battalion staff officers, training in patrolling and reconnaissance 579
BATTLE: Integrity of squads in 151 Separated officers and others placing themselves under order of nearest higher commander 390; 391
Battlefields, bugle signals used on 90
Battle order 392
Battle sight 26; 1352 (c)
BAYONET: Charge in combat 356 Confidence in 485 Fixing 142 Habitually not fixed 121 (fourth) Order to fix in combat given by major 355-361 Position at charge 144 Unfixing 143 When fixed in combat 355; 361; 590
Beaten zone 1413
Bite of dog 1480
Bite of snake 1480
Blank cartridges, use 273
Bleeding, first aid 1481
Books and records, company 887-909
Bombs and grenades 1197-1199
Bombs from air craft 1202
Bore of rifle, care 1322-1324; 1328; 1330
Bridges 1111-1125
BRIGADE: Commander, action in deployment 440 Review 628; 629
Broken bones 1483
Bruises, first aid 1487
Brush work, field engineering 1117
Bugle calls, explanation 692-695
BUGLE SIGNALS: Communication between firing line and rear 401 Those used on and off battlefields 90
Bunks, camping 1251
Burning clothes 1486
Burns, first aid 1485
By platoon (squad, etc.), from right (left) rush 259
"By the numbers" 122 (fifth)
By the right (left) flank, how executed 117
By the right (left) flank in forming skirmish line 237
C
CADENCE OF: Manual of arms 122 (fourth) Marching 108
CALLS: Alarm 694 Formation 693 Service 695 Warning 692
CAMPS: Camping on fordable stream 1237 Desirable sites 1231 Form and dimensions of camps 1233 Making camp 1234 Making tent poles and pegs fast in loose soil 1239 Parade ground 1236 Retreat in camp 1235 Sanitation. See "Camp Sanitation" Selection of site 1230 Trees in camp 1240 Undesirable sites 1232 Windstorms 1238 See "Camp Sanitation"
CAMP SANITATION: Avoiding old camp sites 1249 Bunks 1251 Camp expedients 1242 Canteen, care 1311 Changing camp site 1250 Definition 1241 Drainage 1248 Incinerators 1247 Kitchens 1245 Kitchen pits 1246 Latrines 1243 Rules of sanitation 1254 Urinal tubs 1244 Water 1253 Wood 1252 Your camp, your home 1255
CAPTAIN: Directs the fire 285; 286 Duties, etc. 868; 871 Indicates point on which base squad marches in deployment 238 Leads depleted company as platoon 209 Leads company as whole in rushes 260 Position at alignment 218; 302 Post during firings 269; 306 Responsible for instruction 202
CARE OF: Clothing 1277 Equipment 1276 Feet 1229 Rifle 1321 Shoes 1292
Cartridges not to be carried in piece 121 (first)
Cased colors, defined 659
Cat and mouse contest 1089
CAVALRY: Infantry against 591-596 In pursuit 494 In withdrawal from action 546 Patrols 411
CEASE FIRING: Bugle signal for 90 How executed 194 Krag rifle 705
Center company, defined 298
Center, definition 27
Center of impact 1412
CEREMONIES: Battalion parade 636 Battalion review 631 Escorts of-- Funeral 640-645 Honor 639 The Color 637-639 Formation of battalion 308 General rules 614-616 Mounted enlisted men formed into detachment 76 Parades, general rules 634; 635 Post of dismounted noncommissioned staff officers 77 Reviews, general rules 617-630
Ceremonies and drills at attention teach precision, etc. 55 (a)
CHALLENGING ON: Guard 1746 Outpost 1103
Chancroid 1466
Change elevation; signal for 92
CHANGE OF DIRECTION: Battalion 317-319 Company 219; 223; 224 Partial 67 Squad 164; 165
Change step, how executed 119
CHARGE, THE: Additional force for pursuit 483 Avoiding too dense a mass 481 Battalion commanders signal commanders of line when ready to charge 480 Bayonet, confidence in ability to use 485 Charging without authority from rear 484 Counter attack, preparations to meet 487 Fire superiority, what it accomplishes 478 Line to be strengthened by prolongations 482 Not to be made without sufficient troops 481 Premature charges to be avoided 484 Psychological moment for charge determined by tactical instinct 478 Pursuing fire 486 Pursuing troops 487 Pursuit, disordered units not to participate in 486 Reorganization of charging line 487 Reserves give impetus to charge 481 Steps to be taken in case of temporary set back 488 Steps to be taken if attack is abandoned 489 Strength of charging line 449 To be made simultaneously 480 To be made with approval of commander of attacking line 480 When and distance over which charge should be made 479 Without fire preparation 497
Charge bayonet 144
Charges, preferring 882
Cheerfulness, factor in training 930
Cheveaux de frise 1179; 1189
Chiggers 1488
Choking, first aid 1489
"Chop-chop" signal 863
Clap 1466
Classes of firing 278-280
Clearness in instruction 922
CLIP FIRE: How executed 192 Krag rifle 704 Use 280
Clock system of target designation 1446; 1447
Clock system of wind designation 1391
Close on first (fourth) company 320
CLOSE ORDER: Advantage of formation 539 Battalion 300; 326 Company 210 Double rank, habitual formation 70 Firings in 269 Necessity for 379
Close packs 648
Close range 275
Close ranks 648
Cloth equipment, care 1301
Clothing, care of 1277
Cohesion and order in combat 376
Cold, effect on shooting 1397
COLOR: Escort of 637; 638 Manual of 670 Receiving 667-669 Regimental saluting 622 Saluting in reviews 618 With reserve in battle 665 See "The Color"
COLOR COMPANY: Defined 663 Receiving the colors 668
COLOR GUARD: Carrying of color 661 Composition 661 Escorting color to office or quarters of colonel 670 Formation and marching 662 In battle joins reserve 665 Loadings and firings 666 Manual of the color 670 Manual of arms 660 Movements executed 666 Post in various formations 664 Receiving the color 667-669 Remains with color company 663
Colors and standards 1575
Column, definition 28
Column half right (left) 67
Columns of companies to form successively to right or left 315
Column of squads, first (fourth) company forward (from close line) 324
Column of squads, first (fourth) company, squads right (from close column) 323
Column of squads, first company, squads right (left) 316
Column of squads, habitual column of route 233; 276
Column of subdivisions, full distance defined 69
Column, rectifying (battalion) 312
Column, right (left) (battalion) 317; 319
Column, right (company) 224
COMBAT EXERCISES: Definition 55 (d) Effective method of conducting 371 Explained 1408 To be conducted under assumed tactical situations 370 To be followed by brief drill at attention 55 (d)
Combat, modern, demands upon infantry 365
Combats offering no chance of valuable results to be avoided 374
Combat patrols to protect flanks of company acting alone 268
Combat practice 1404
COMBAT PRINCIPLES: Battalion 327 Summary 550
Combat reconnaissance 403
Combat tactics, general 364
Combined sights 1430
Combined sketching 1892
Commander of the guard 1603
Commanding officer accountable for training 51
Commanding officer, guard duty 1591
COMMANDS: Battalion and higher commanders repeat commands of superiors 88 Battalion largest unit executing movement at command of its commander 88 Definition 86 Facing troops and avoiding indifference when giving commands 89 For guides, repeated by captains at battalion drill 301 How given 86; 89 Loading and firing 179 Of executions 87 Preparatory 57; 87 Repetition by: Battalion and higher commanders 88 Captains at battalion drill 300 Leaders of subdivisions when necessary 83 Platoon leaders and platoon drill 214 Use in battalion combat 328 When used 80
Commander's post in fight 383
Commence firing, bugle signal for 90
Common tents 688; 690
Communication between firing line and reserve 96
Communicating trenches 1157
Communication, how maintained, etc. 398-402
Communication in fire control and direction 1447 (b)
COMPANY: Abstract of clothing 905 Abstract record of memorandum receipts 901 Acting alone 267; 268 Arrangement in battalion formation 297; 614 Arrangement of men according to height 203 Athletic apparatus 880 Base 329-348 Books and records 887-909 Captain, duties etc. 868; 871 Center 298 Certain movements executed by company and platoons as prescribed in school of the Soldier and the squad 208 Close order drill 210 Column right (being in column of squads) 224 Companies to be consolidated to provide war strength organizations 55 (a) Company attention, from route step or at ease 233 Company fund book 892 Company return 908 Company musicians carry company flags 402 Company right 219 Complete equipment carried into action 382 Completion of task, rejoining command after 390 Contentment and harmony 877 Correspondence book 893 Delinquency record 895 Depleted company led as platoon 209 Deployment as skirmishers 241; 243; 244 Deployment in oblique direction 245 Descriptive card of animals 898 Descriptive list 897 Designation in battalion formation 297 Devolution of work and responsibility 869 Division into platoons 204 Division into squads 205 Document file 894 Dressing 218 Drill 202 Duty roster 890 Establishing outpost 1080 Extended order drill 236 Files of orders 891 First Sergeant duties 873 First sergeant's report when company is formed 215 Flags 94; 95; 401 Formations in single rank 216 Formed in double rank 203 Forms of company punishment 883 Half right 67; 219 Inspection 646-649 Inspections, object of 88 Instruction. See "Training and instruction" In support 262-266 Largest unit executing extended order 55 (b); 328 Library and amusement room 879 Lieutenants, duties, etc. 870; 871 Lieutenants taking post when company is formed 215 Memorandum receipts 900 Mess 878 Morning report 888 Muster 655-657 Noncommissioned officers 874 Noncommissioned officers confining enlisted men 875 Paperwork 887 Platoons, assignment 206 Platoons, designation 205 Property responsibility 886; 896 Protection against surprise 268 Punishment 882 Ration return 909 Record of rifles 902 Record of size of clothing 906 Reduction and resignation of noncommissioned officers 876 Retained copies of rolls, etc. 899 Rewards and privileges 881 Right 219 School of 210-294 Sick report 889 Squads designation 205 Statement of clothing charged to enlisted men 904 Summary Court records 903 Target records 907 To be kept closed in on center on firing line 354 To dismiss 217 To form 215-216 Training. See "Training and instruction" Treatment of soldiers 872 Trials by court martial 882 Withholding privileges 884
Compass, points of 1084
Complaints to captain 1528
COMPLICATED MANEUVERS: Impracticable 365 To be avoided 375
Compliments from guards 1782
Compliments not paid on marches 1227
Composition of infantry and other units 1858
Comradeship, factor in training 931
Concealment and dodging, training in 1087
Condiment can, care 1309
Cone of fire or dispersion 1411
Conical wall tent 689
Connecting Files at night 584
Consolidation of organizations to provide war strength 55 (d)
Contentment and harmony in company 877
Contentment, factor in training 931
Contours 1882; 1866
Cooking individual 1256
Contract 249; 403-413
Conventional signs 1874
Cooeperation between frontal and enveloping attacks 462
Cooeperation of subordinates 387
Corduroying 1116
Corporal is squad leader 150
Corporal of the Guard 1666
Correction of errors, staying of execution of movements for 63-64
Correspondence book 893
COUNTER ATTACK: Battalion 363 General principles 525-530 Preparations 487
Countermining 1211
Countersigns and paroles 1769
Counting, indicating cadence 108
Counting off 153; 203
Courage 927
COVER: Skirmishers take advantage of, on halting 240 Use 195-199; 420 Training in use of 939
Covering fire, rushes made under 349
Cover trenches 1155
Crawling, advance of firing line 261
Cup, care 1310
"Cut off" habitually turned off 218 (third)
Cuts, first aid, 1490
Courtesy. See "Military courtesy"
D
Daily sick report 889
Datum plane 1883
Decreasing intervals 247
DEFENSE: Action when target disappears 294 Active defense 527 Battalion on 357 Counter attack: Communicating and cover trenches head cover, etc., construction 505 Cover, utilization 504 Importance of counter-attack 527 Manner of making 529 Minor 530 Post of troops 528 Delaying action: Important considerations 531 Purposes of support and reserve 532 Thin firing line to be used 532 Value of artillery 533 Deployment: Advance posts and other dispersion to be avoided 520 Assignment of front to units 516 Battalions to be kept intact 518 Dead space to be covered by adjoining section or machine guns 519 Density 509; 510 Division of positions into sections 517 Fire alone unable to stop attack; use of bayonet 522 Night attack, steps to be taken if expected 523 Position not to be fully occupied until infantry attack begins 521 Reserve, detaching part of, to protect opposite flank 515 Reserve posts 513; 514 Sections, divisions of positions into 517 Size of units occupying sections 518 Short range fire and bayonet in night attack 524 Strength in rear to be increased when change from defensive to offensive is contemplated 511 Supports, post and cover 512 Dummy trenches 506 Field works: Construction 504 Location, extent, garrison, etc. 507 Machine guns 556; 566 Obstacles, construction 504 Opening fire 360; 418 Passive 525 Position and intrenchments 503-508 Requisites of defensive position 503 Trenches, outlining trace in combat exercises 508
Defilade 1420
Deflection 1384
Deflection and elevation connection drills 1383
Deliberate intrenchments 1147
Delinquency record 895
Delivery of messages 958; 1530
Density of firing line 446-453; 532
Deploy, definition 29
Deployed line, faces to front and takes advantage of cover on halting 239
Deployed lines, alignment 239
Deployed troops, leading difficult 379
DEPLOYMENT: Action of brigade and regimental commanders in deployment of division 440 As skirmishes 65; 92; 170; 239-246 Battalion, depth of 334 Battalions furnish firing lines and support 455 Company, rules for 236 Companies and detachments taking their places 334 Dense, well directed and controlled fire gives fire superiority 446 Density of charging line 449 Density of one man per yard 447 Density of whole deployment varies with size of command 451 Division of battle line into battle districts 452 Each commander to guard his command against surprise 442 Extent of front occupied by unit depends upon security of flanks 453 For attack: Distance for hostile position at which deployment is made 463 Each unit to deploy on its own direction line 463 Foreground to be cleared of hostile detachments before deployment 463 Intervals between battalions 465 Moving well forward and deploying at night 464 Post of reserve 466 Reserve charged with flank protection 466 Formations of troops before and during 439 In defense. See "Deployment" under "Defense" In oblique direction 245 Length of firing line employed by whole force 449 Mechanism taught by extended order 55 (b) Occupation of only sections of long lines 447 Of squads when company is deployed 239 On wrong lines, avoided by reconnaissance 403 Orders for 392 Personal reconnaissance before deployment 441 Premature to be avoided 332; 443 Rectification of deployments in wrong direction 444 Reserves, how employed 455 Reserves furnished by units larger than battalion 441 Rules for 236-242 Side by side of regiments, battalions and companies 454 Strength of support and reserves 449; 450 Supports furnished by battalion 455 To flank or rear 246 Troops deployed vary from 1 to 10 men per yard 450 Use of thin firing lines 448 When made 463
Deportment, military 1523
Depth, definition 30
Descriptive card of animals 898
Descriptive list 897
DESIGNATION OF: Companies in battalion formation 298 Squads and platoons 205
Designation of targets 1445-1147 a
Designation of winds 1391
Details and roster of guards 1585
Details to be left to subordinates 384; 385
Determination, factor in warfare 924
Deviation from orders 388
Devolution of work and responsibility 869
Diarrhoea 1491
Diminish intervals 172
Directions given subordinates through immediate superiors 397
DISCIPLINE: Definition 910 General principles 916 Importance 912 Methods of attaining good discipline 911; 914 Punishment 915 Sound system 913
Disciplinary exercises--drills at attention and ceremonies 55 a
Discipline and training necessary 379
Discipline, fire 291; 430; 431
Dislocations, first aid 1492
DISMISSING: Battalion 309 Company 217 Squad 147
Dismounted noncommissioned staff officers, posts 77; 78
Dismounting, before addressing dismounted superior 1558
Dismounting before saluting dismounted senior 75
DISTANCE: Between firing line and support 338 Between front and rear rank 153 Between units in column of subdivisions 69 Definition 31 Plates showing distances: Battalion near, 300 Company near, 207 Taken by file closers in "take distance" and "take interval" 213
DISTANCE TAKING: Action of guides 213 How executed 158
Distant range 275
Distance to target, determination of 276
Distribution of fire 1441-1444
Distribution of fire and target 282; 283; 427
Division of battalion into firing line and support 335
Document file 894
Dog's bite 1480
Do something 386
DOUBLE RANK: Company to be formed in 203 Habitual close order formation 70 Kneeling and lying down in 178 Rear rank loading and firing 179
Double sleeping bag 686
DOUBLE TIME: Adding preparatory command 109 Any movement executed in, unless excepted 60 Cadence 108 Command for 111 Command for precedes command of execution 60 Dropping hands by side upon halting 116 Half step, length 113 In successive movements, base unit marches in quick time 61 Position of disengaged hand 111; 121 To hasten movements begun in quick time 177 To the rear 118
Drainage, camping, 1248
Drainage of trenches 1167
Draw saber 671
Dress, appearance 1523
DRESSING: Battalion 310; 311 Company 218 Companies, position of captain 218; 302 Deployed lines 240 Drill at attention after combat exercises 55 (d) Squad (right or left) 154 Verify both ranks 154
DRILL: Battalion 295-363 Company 202-294 Squad 148-202
Drills at attention and ceremonies designed to teach precision, etc. 55 (a)
Drill regulations furnished as guide, providing principles for training, etc. 53
Drill regulations, interpretation of 53
Drowning 1493
Drum major at battalion inspection 650
Dugouts, trenches 1156
Dummy trenches 1163
Duties of infantry, many and difficult 366
Duties of officers and noncommissioned officers in battle 389
Duty roster 890
E
Earache 1494
Ear, foreign body in 1495
Echelon definition 49
Effect of fire 1410
Effect of heat, light, etc. 1397-1403
Effectiveness of fire 1416
Effective range 275
Efficiency dependent upon thorough and uniform training 51
Elastic formations essential to correct battle training 52
Electric shock 1496
Element, definition 32
Elevation, change of 92
Encroachment upon functions of subordinates 396
Endurance, limit of, exacted 380
Enemy--imaginary outlined and represented 56; 370
Entrenching at night 1099
ENVELOPING ATTACK: Advantages 459; 461 Resulting in local frontal attack 461 To be started at considerable distance from enemy 462
Envelopment of both flanks, when allowable 460
EQUIPMENT: Carried into action 382 Display for inspection 682
EQUIPMENT, CARE OF: Cloth equipment: General instructions 1301 Intrenching tools 1312 Shelter tent 1303 Washing 1302 Clothing: Grease spots 1285; 1289 Ink stains 1287 Leggins 1280 Paint spots 1290 Rust 1286 Stains 1284 Importance 1276 Leather equipment: Cleaning 1316 Cleaning materials 1315 New equipment 1318 Oiling 1317; 1319 Points to be remembered 1320 Mess outfit: Bacon can 1308 Canteen 1311 Condiment can 1309 Cup 1310 Fork 1305 Knife 1304 Meat can 1307 Spoon 1306 Rifle 1321 Shoes: Care 1292 Polishing 1295; 1299; 1300 Repairing 1294 Selection 1293 Wet shoes 1297
Equipment. See "Care and preservation"
Errors staying execution of movement, for correction of 63; 64
ESCORTS OF: Funeral 640-645 Honor 639 The Color 637; 638
Establishing outpost by company 1080
Estimate of situation 950
Estimating distance 1393-1395
Estimating distances, training in 201
Estimators of ranges 278
Exercises in fire control and direction 1450
EXTENDED ORDER: Certain movements executed as in close order 241 Company 236-268 Company largest unit executing 55 (b) Company largest unit to execute movements by prescribed commands 328 Exercises to be in nature of combat exercise 370 Purpose 55 (b) Squad 170 To be executed at ease 55 (b)
Extended on first (fourth) company 321
Eye, foreign body in 1497
Eyes left, when post of reviewing officer is on left of column 626
EYES RIGHT: How executed 103 Battalion review 631; 632
Eyesight in scouting 1083
Eyes, use of 200
F
Facings 104
Facing about to give commands, staff stands fast 74
Facing about, mounted officer turns to left 74
Facing troops when giving commands 89
Fainting, first aid 1498
"Fall in" 100; 153
"Fall in" executed at order 121 (fifth)
"Fall out" 100
"Fall out" executed as without arms 121 (fifth)
Falling in with hands on hips 70
Fascines 1117; 1118
Faster, command for increasing rate of fire 191
Fear 926
Feet, care of 1229
Feint attacks 502
Field efficiency of organization 51
FIELD ENGINEERING: Bridges: Double lock 1114 Roadway of spar 1115 Single lock 1113 Spar 1112 Brush work 1117 Corduroying 1116 Fascines 1117; 1118 Gabions 1121-1123 Hurdles 1119 Knots: Bowline 1130 Clove hitch 1128 Eye splice 1135 Long splice 1134 Sheep shank 1132 Short splice 1133 Square or reef 1126 Timber hitch 1129 Two-half hitches 1127 Lashings 1136-1139 Revetments 1124; 1125
Field exercises, definition 55 (c); 56
FIELD FORTIFICATIONS: Classification 1142 Communicating trenches 1157 Concealment of trenches 1162 Cover trenches 1155 Deliberate intrenchments 1147 Drainage 1167 Dugouts 1156 Dummy trenches 1163 Example of trench system 1160 Fire trenches 1148 Hasty intrenchments 1143 Head cover 1152 Illumination of foreground 1170 Kneeling trench 1145 Latrines 1169 Length of trench 1164 Location of trenches 1161 Lookouts 1158 Loopholes and notches 1153 Lying trench 1144 Notches and loopholes 1153 Object 1140 Overhead cover 1154 Parados 1151 Preparation of foreground 1165 Revetments 1166 Siege works 1172 Sortie steps 1150 Standing trench 1146 Supporting points 1159 Telephones 1171 Traverses 1149 Trench recesses 1150 Water supply 1168
Field officers, habitually mounted 73
File definition 33
FILE CLOSER: Darting through column of squads 221 Execution of loadings and manual of arms 212 On the right (left) flank 211 Post in column of squads 221 Post in route marches 325 To correct mistakes 71
Files, advancing by 255
Files of orders, company 891
Fill magazine 702
Finding way in strange country 1084
Fine sight 1353 (b)
Finger system of target designation 1447 (a)
FIRE: By volley 189; 278 Classes of 179; 194; 278-280 Clip 192; 280 Commands for 179; 189; 194 Delay opening as long as possible 344 In deployment controlled by platoon leaders 269 Long range, when effective 416 Observation of 428; 429 Opening in attack 344; 417 Opening in defense 417 Purpose and nature 414; 415 Rate of 191; 292 To be directed against hostile infantry 345
Fire action 269
FIRE ATTACK: Fire superiority sought at first firing position and to be maintained until charging point is reached 472 Futility of advancing without fire superiority 473 General principles 258; 472 Intrenching 475 Retiring under fire suicidal 475 Signs that fire superiority has been gained 474 Size of rushing units 472 Supports and reserves occupying trenches vacated by firing line to improve same 476
FIRE AT WILL: How executed 190 Use 279
Fire control, company 287-290
Fire direction, company 285; 286
FIRE CONTROL AND DIRECTION: General considerations 416 Signals 431
Fire direction and control 1434-1440
Fire discipline 291; 430; 431
Fire discipline, definition 1406
Fire distribution 427; 1441-1444
Fire fight, where and when to begin, indicated by major 341
FIRE OF POSITION: Use of machine guns 555 When used 438
FIRE SUPERIORITY: Futility of advancing without 473 Purpose and nature 414 Signs that it has been gained 474 Sought at first firing position 472 To be maintained until charging point is reached 472 What it accomplishes 478
Fire trenches 1148
Fire unit, platoon 287
Firing at night 1101
Firing at stationary targets 1428
Firing by sentries at night 1104
Firing, classes of 278-280
FIRING LINE: Advance 258-261; 346 Advance as far as possible before opening fire 467 Advanced elements not to open fire on main position 471 Companies to be kept closed in on center 354 Control by signals 55 (d) Controlled by commander when whole line has been absorbed 383 Density 446-453 Furnished by battalion 455 Placing entire battalion or regiment into 339 Premature formation to be avoided 443 Reenforcement by major 359 To advance as far as possible before opening fire 467
Firing line and support, division of battalion 335
Firings in close order 269
Firings and loadings, see "Loadings and firings"
First aid packet 1521
First aid to sick and injured 1478
FIRST SERGEANT: Accompanies captain when company is deployed 207 Assists in fire control in case of depleted company 209 Duties 873 Never assigned as guide 207 Post 207 Report when company is formed 215
Fish hook, first aid 1499
Fits, first aid 1500
Fix bayonets, how executed 142
Fix bayonet order, given by major 355
Fixed forms covering all cases impossible 369
FIXED PIVOT, TURN ON: Company 219-221 Squad 165 When used 66
FLAG: Company signal carried by company musicians (now buglers) 401 Defined 1575 Of general officers, post of 73; 618 Respect paid to 1574; 1575 Signals 94; 400; 401 Signaling to artillery 437 To outline enemy 371
Flag-stealing contest 1090
FLANK: By the right, how executed 117 Definition 35; 54 Deployment as skirmishers 246 Movements executed towards either, explained toward but one flank 58 Unit to begin rush 348
FLOURISHES AT: Funeral 641 Review 624
Fly, disease carrier 1460
Folding tents 691
FOLLOW ME: In forming skirmish line 237 In rushes 259 To follow corporal 169
Footmarks, following 1088
Forced marches 1225
Fork, care 1305
FORM: Column of companies 315 Column of squads 316 For shelter tents 181
Formation calls 693
Formation definition 36
FORMATIONS FOR: Advancing improvised 257 Support 262
FORMATION OF: Battalion 307; 308 Company 215 Squad 153
Form lines 1884
Forms of speech 1526
Fortifications, attack 495-498
FORWARD MARCH: From half step, halt and mark time 113 From halt 110 From oblique 163 Pieces brought to right shoulder from order, at command 121 (sixth)
Fractures 1483
Fraise 1178
Freezing, first aid 1502
Front, definition 37
Front, extent of in deployment 446-453
FRONT OF: Deployed battalion 334-337 Deployed squad 171
Frontal attacks, when they may be successful 457
FRONT INTO LINE: Battalion 314 Company 231
Frost-bite, first aid 1503
Full distance, definition 69
Full sight 1353 (c)
Full step, length and cadence 108
Funeral escort 640-645
G
Gabions 1121-1123
Gallery practice 1385
Gangrene 1482
Gases, asphyxiating 1194
GENERAL COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLES OF APPLIED MINOR TACTICS: Art of war, definition 943 Estimating the situation 950 Maneuvers 947; 949 Map problems 945; 949 Mission, defined 950 Noncommissioned officers, responsibilities in time of war 944 Orders, tactical, preparation 952 Terrain exercises 945; 949 War game 946; 949
General officers habitually mounted 73
General plan to be furthered by subordinates 386
GENERAL RULES FOR: Ceremonies 614-616 Drills and formations 57-79 Parades 634; 635 Reviews 617-630
Gentle reverse slopes 1427
Germs 1452
Gonorrhoea 1466
Grazing fire 1423
Grease spots, how removed 1285; 1289
Grenades and bombs 1197-1199
Ground, use of 420; 421
GUARD DUTY: Challenging 1746 Classification of guards 1584 Commander of the guard 1603 Commanding officer 1591 Compliments from guard 1782 Corporal of the guard 1666 Countersigns and paroles 1769 Details and roster 1585 Duty of sentinels 1578 General rules concerning guard duty 1792 Guarding prisoners 1797 Guard mounting: Formal 1840 Informal 1847 Guard patrols 1778 Importance 1576 Musicians of the guard 1700 Officer of the day 1593 Orderlies and color sentinels 1702 Orders for sentinels 1716 Paroles and countersigns 1769 Privates of the guard 1715 Relieving old guard 1850 Respect for sentinels 1577 Reveille and retreat gun 1837 Sentinels of troops stable guard 1825 Sentinels' orders 1716 Sergeant of the guard 1642 Special orders for sentinels at post of guard 1759 Stable guards 1806 Troop stable guards 1808 Watchmen 1781
GUARD MOUNTING: Formal 1840 Informal 1847
Guard patrols 1778
Guarding prisoners 1797
GUIDE: Announcing before executing platoons right (left) 220 Definition 38 In deployment 236 In successive formations 65 Right (left) 155 What it is, unless otherwise announced 65 When given in connection with movement, follows command of execution 65
GUIDES: Alignment of battalion 311 Assignment to platoons 206 Battalion formed in line 308 Battalion marching in column of companies or platoons 325 Battalion parade 636 Close on first (fourth) company 320 Column of companies, first company, squads right 315 Column right (left) battalion 317 Dressing company when battalion is in line 302 Duties in battle 389 Duties in fire fight 289 Equipped with whistles 83 Execution of loading and manual of arms as file closers 212 First Sergeant never assigned as 207 Guide 65 Guide of leading subdivision charged with step and direction in column of subdivisions 69 In successive formation guide is toward base 65 Manual of arms, execution by file closers 212 Partial changes of direction 67 Platoon guides 210 Platoon guides accompany leader when platoon is deployed 206 Positions shown in plates of company and battalion 166 Post in column of squads 211 Post of file closers in route marches 325 Rectifying column (battalion) 313 Repeating signals 83 Taking intervals and distances 213 Taking place in front rank at command about face 229 To change guides to opposite flank 211
Guide center designate left guide of center company 301
Guide right (left) command 155
H
Half step (command) 113
HALT: Any movement executed from, unless otherwise prescribed 59 Firing executed at 179 From half step and mark time 113 How executed 116 Piece brought to the order 121 (seventh)
Halting, skirmishers face to the front and take advantage of cover 240
Halts on marches 1222
HAND: Disengaged, position at double time 111; 121 (Eighth) Left, position at balance 122 (First) On hip falling in with 70 Salute 106
Hand grenades 1198
Harmony and contentment in company 877
Hasty intrenchments 1143
Head, definition 39
Headache 1504
Head cover, trenches 1152
HEALTH, CARE OF: Chancroid 1466 Clap 1466 Five ways of catching disease 1453 Fly, disease carrier 1460 Germs 1452 Gonorrhoea 1466 Importance 1451 Malaria fever 1469 Mosquito, carrier of disease 1469 Syphilis 1466 Vegetables, distributer of disease 1458 Venereal disease 1466 Water, distributer of disease 1457 Yellow fever 1469
Hearing at night 1095
Hearing in scouting 1083
Heat, effect on shooting 1397
Heat exhaustion 1505
Height, men to fall in according to 203
Heliographing 864
Helmets, steel 1205
Hits, percentage 1417
Holding attack 499-502
Horizontal clock face system of target designation 1446
Horizontal equivalents 1867
Hostile Infantry, target 345
Human element in training and instruction 925
Hurdles 1119
Hygiene. See "Personal hygiene"
I
Illumination of foreground of trenches 1170
Imaginary enemy, definition 56; 370
Improvised formations for advancing 257
Incinerators, camp 1247
"Incline to the right (left)" 67
INCREASING INTERVALS: Company 247 Squad 172
INDIVIDUAL COOKING: Fire, how to make 1257 Importance 1256 Recipes 1258-1275
Individual intelligence, factor in warfare 924
INFANTRY: Against artillery: Action against artillery limbering or coming into action 600 Action against guns out of ammunition 599 Flank attack 598 Frontal attack usually futile 597 Machine guns 597 Wheel horses best targets 600 Against Cavalry: Cavalry charge against infantry usually futile 591 Infantry attacking dismounted cavalry 596 Measures to check charges from front and flanks 592 Meeting of cavalry charge by infantry in column 595 Rifle fire main dependence of infantry 594 Standing position, best to meet charge 593 Demands upon it by modern combat 365 Duties many and difficult 366 Good Infantry can defeat superior troops of poor quality 368 Modern war requires good infantry 366 Moving to attack, passing through deployed artillery 470 Requisites of good infantry 368 Trained to bear heaviest burdens 368
Infantry Drill Regulations 24
Influence of ground 1420
Initial combat order 394
Initiative in warfare 923
Initiative of subordinates not to be hampered 384; 385; 386
Ink stains, how removed 1287
"In place halt" 63
INSPECTION: Band 650; 653 Battalion 650; 654 Company 646-649 Display of equipment 682 Equipment 648 Of pieces when troop are formed and when dismissed 121 (Second) Pistol 646 Prepare for 646; 649-651; 653 Quarters 647; 654 Saber 646; 680 Seniority at 630; 650
Inspection and port arms when dismissing squad 147
Inspection arms from order 145
Inspection arms, Krag rifle 698
Inspections, object of 885
INSTRUCTION: Captain's responsibility for 202 Commanding officers accountable for 51 In use of signals 81 Of battalion, major responsible for 295 Of recruits 97-98 (a); 120 Without arms 98 (a)
Instruction given subordinates through immediate superiors 397
Instruction. See "Training and instruction"
Integrity of squads in battle 151
Intelligence, factor in warfare 924
Interest in training and instruction 922
Intermingling of units in firing line 389
Interpretations of Drill Regulations, spirit to govern 53
INTERVAL: Action of guides in taking 213 Battalion in deployment 454; 465 Between companies in deployment 354; 447 Between files obtained by placing hands on hip 70 Between platoon columns 252 Between regiments in deployment 454 Between skirmishers 171 Definition 40 Increasing or decreasing between skirmishers 172; 247 Of file closers in column of squads 221 Plates showing intervals: Battalion near, 300 Company near, 207 To take 156
Intrenching tools, care 1312
INTRENCHMENTS: Construction in action 475 Order of importance of operations in construction 606 Intrenchments. See "Field Fortifications"
Introduction 50-79; 364-371
Inundations, trenches 1186
Invisibility best protection while advancing 468
J
"Jab," bayonet 824 (d)
K
Kitchen pits, camping 1246
Kitchens, camp 1245
KNEEL: From lying down 177 From standing 174 Position of piece 185 To aim 189 Use of position 178
Kneeling trench 1145
Knife, care of 1304
Knots 1126-1135
Knowledge of subordinates 378
Krag rifle (Infantry Drill Regulations) 696
L
Landmarks, observing 1086
Largest unit executing extended order 55 (b); 328
Lashings 1136
Latitude allowed subordinates 384; 385
Latrines, camping 1243
Latrines in trenches 1169
LEADERSHIP: General consideration 372-384 Necessary to success in battle 365
LEADING: Company 209; 260 Platoon 250; 251; 259 Rush 260 Squad 150; 169; 237; 259; 289
LEATHER EQUIPMENT: Cleaning 1316 Cleaning materials 1315 Oiling 1317; 1319
Left arm, position when piece is "diagonally across the body" 122 (Second)
Left, definition 41
Left foot, stepping off with 107
Left hand, position at balance 122 (First)
LEFT SHOULDER FROM: Order 136 Port 136 Present 136 Right shoulder 136
Leggins, how cleaned 1280
Length of steps 107-115
Library, company 879
LIEUTENANTS: Assisting captain in fire control of depleted company 209 Assignment of platoons to 206 Duties, etc., 870; 871 Fire control 270; 287-289 Intermingling of units in firing line 389 Leading in charges 356 Posts of 71 Rushes by platoons 259; 293 Suspending fire when target disappears 294 Taking post when company is formed 215 Training 369
LIEUTENANT COLONEL: Salute in ceremonies 615
Light, effect on shooting 1399
Lightning, struck by 1507
Line, definition 42
Line of platoons, companies, etc., definition 68
Line of skirmishers 169-172; 236-247
Lines of information 398-402
Liquid fire 1196
Listening posts, trenches 1191
Litters, improvised 1522
Loaded pieces not to be carried 121 (First)
Loading pieces before deployment 269
Loading, with Krag rifle 701
LOADINGS AND FIRINGS: Aiming point: Announced before or after range 181 Once designated, not changed unless ordered 182 By battalion 306 Cease firing 194 Clip fire 192 Color guard does not execute 666 Commands 179; 185-194 Continuing the fire (command) 189 Execution by file closers 212 Fire at will 190 Fire faster (slower) 191 Firing: Executed in line and skirmish line only 179 Instruction in, preceded by command to load 179 Rear rank kneeling or lying down 179 Firings executed at halt 179 Instruction in firing to be preceded by command for loading 179 Load: Command 185 Position of, when taken 183 Rear rank, kneeling or lying down 179 Target: Announced before or after range 181 Once designated, not changed unless ordered 182 Loadings executed in line and skirmish line only 179 Long whistle blast 193 Pieces once loaded, so kept until command to unload 180 Position of load, when taken 183 Range and command announcing 188 Sight setting, aiming point announced before or after 181 Simulate load (command) 186 Single loader, use of piece as 186 Sling, use when deployed 184 Suspend firing 193; 194
Local successes necessary to general success 367
Location of trenches 1426
Lock pieces 700
Long blast of whistle 193; 271
Long range 275
Long-range fire 1414
Long-range fire, when effective 416
Lookouts in trenches 1158
Loopholes and notches 1153
Loose pieces 161
Lost, what to do 1085
Lying down 175; 185; 189
Lying down position, use 178
Lying trench 1144
M
MACHINE GUNS: Concealment 564 Covering dead spaces on defensive 519 Covering withdrawal 546; 557 Effectiveness against skirmish line 559 Fire of position 438; 555 In attack 555 In defense 555 In infantry attack against artillery 597 In meeting engagements 553 Lessons of European war 561-568 Location on defense 566 Methods of transportation 563 Not to form part of firing line of attack 558 Silencing of machine guns by infantry 560 To be used for short periods 552 Use in villages 565 Weapons of emergency 551 With advance guard 553 With rear guard 554 With reserve 557
MACHINE GUN COMPANY: Post in formations 71; 72 Post when attached to battalion 299
MAJOR: Apportions target 340 Controls support 263 Duties and responsibilities as battalion commander 295 Duty regarding protection of flanks 412; 413 Gives order to charge 356 Gives order to fix bayonets 355 Indicates where or when fire fight begins 341 Locates trenches and obstacles 358 Order making disposition of battalion for combat 329 Orders bayonets fixed on defense 361 Post during attack 352 Post in route march 325 Reenforces firing line 359 Responsibility regarding ammunition 570 See "Battalion commander"
Malarial fever 1469
Maneuvers 947; 949
Maneuvers effective method of conducting 371
MANUAL OF: Arms: "By the numbers" 122 (Fifth) Cadence 122 (Fourth) Carrying rifle in any position 122 (Sixth) Executed by color guard 666 General principles and the manual 120-147 Regular positions assume without regard to previous ones 122 (Sixth) "Without the numbers" 122 (Fifth) Bugle 692-695 Color 658-670 Saber 671-680 Tent pitching 681-691 The color 670
MANUAL OF BAYONET: Bayonet combat 760 Combined movements 802 Fencing at will 807 Fencing exercises 772 General remarks 711 Guard 725 Hints for instructors 823 Instruction with rifle 734 Instruction without bayonet 755 Instruction without rifle 723 Jab 824 (d) Lessons of European war 824 Nomenclature 721 Short point 824 (d)
Map, definition 1859
Map distances 1867
Map problems 945; 949
Map problems, instruction in 954
MAP READING: Contours 1866 Conventional signs 1874 Definition of map 1859 Determination of positions of points on map 1871 Horizontal equivalents 1867 Map distances 1867 Meaning of map reading 1860 Meridians 1870 North star 1873 Orientation 1872 Problems in scales 1864 Scale of map distances 1867 (a) Scales 1861-1863 Scaling distances from map 1865 Slopes 1868 True meridian 1873 Visibility problem 1875
Map sketching. See "Military map sketching"
MARCH: At funeral 641 Played as honor 624
MARCHES: A successful march 1215 At night 1102 Care of feet and fitting of shoes 1229 Compliments not paid on marches 1227 Conduct on march 1220 Crossing bridges and fords 1223 Elongation of column 1224 Fitting shoes and care of feet 1229 Forced matches 1225 Halts 1222 Hardening new troops 1213 Long march not to be made with new troops 1214 Marching capacity 1221 Marching, principal occupation of troops in campaign 1212 Night marches 1226 No compliments paid on 1564 Physical training 1213 Preparation for march 1216-1218 Protection on march 1228 Rate of march 1220 Starting on march 1219 Straggling 1224
Marching, any movement executed when, unless otherwise prescribed 59
Marching to rear, skirmishes, not assembled 173
Marchings and steps 107-119
MARK TIME: Executed from half step, halt and mark time 113 How executed 112 While obliquing 163
Masks, protection against gases 1206
Mass formation, battalion 320
Meat can, care 1307
Mechanism of deployment taught by extended order 55 (b)
Meeting engagements: Action of advance guard prior to receipt of order 543 Action of column 542 Action of the leading troops 541 Advantage accrues to side deploying the faster 539 Afford ideal opportunity to certain commanders 537 Boldness and determination of commander 536 Characteristics of 534 First troops deploying have advantage 539 Function of advance guard 542 General action 535 Machine guns, use 552 Main body not to be put into action piece meal 544 Meagerness of information 536 Mission determines method of attack 538 Post of commander 542
Memorandum receipts, company 900
Meridians 1870
Mess, company 878
Mess outfit care 1304
Messages, delivery 1530
Messages, instruction in delivering 958
Metal fouling, removing from bore 1327
Method in training and instruction 918
Military appearance and deportment 1523
MILITARY COURTESY: Colors and standards 1575 Headdress not raised in saluting 1569 National anthem 1572 National anthems of other nations 1573 Nature and origin of salutes 1533; 1534 Prisoners do not salute 1567 Soldier walking with officer 1566 Unmilitary salutes 1568 Usual mistakes in saluting 1571 When and how to salute: At meals 1543 At work 1547 Bringing command to present before commander salutes 1563 Commanders of detachments or other commands 1561 Dismounting before addressing, superior not mounted 1558 General rule 1539 How to salute in uniform 1551 Indoors 1545 In public places and conveyances 1560 Man addressed in formation 1559 No compliments paid at drill, on march, etc. 1564 No saluting at double time, trot or gallop 1565 Officer approaching number of soldiers in open 1546 Officer entering room occupied by soldiers 1542 Officer passing in rear of troops 1562 Passing officer on staircase 1549 Riding in wagon 1548 Rifle salute 1552 Saber salute 1553 Saluting distance 1541 Saluting in civilian dress 1555 Saluting in military manner 1556 Sentinels on post 1554 Several officers together 1557 Soldier addressing or being addressed by officer 1550 When making and receiving reports 1540 When seated 1544 Whom to salute: Army officers 1535 Foreign, naval and military attaches 1538 Navy, Marine Corps, Volunteer and National Guard officers 1536 Reserve Corps officers 1537
MILITARY MAP SKETCHING: Combined sketching 1892 Contours 1882 Datum plane 1883 Different methods of sketching 1878 Form lines 1884 Kinds of military sketches 1878 Location of points by intersection 1879 Location of points by resection 1880 Location of points by traversing 1881 Outpost sketching 1890 Points for beginners to remember 1893 Position sketching 1889 Road sketching 1891 Scales 1885; 1888
Military organization 1858
Military pits 1184
Military training object of 50
Mine warfare. See, "Trench and mine warfare"
MINOR WARFARE: Camp or bivouac protection 612 Dividing marching column into two or more detachments 611 Formations in close country 610 Formation in open country 609 Irregular operations 607 March and bivouac formations to admit of rapid action in any direction 608 Night operations frequently advisable 613 Regular operations 606 Selection of site for camp or bivouac 612 What it embraces 606
Mirage 1400
Mission, defined 950
Mistakes, staying execution of movement for correction of 63; 64
Modern combat, demands upon infantry 365
Modern war requires good infantry 366
Moisture, effect on shooting 1398
Morning report 888
Morse code 866
Mosquito, carrier of disease 1469
Mounted enlisted men formed into a detachment for ceremonies 76
Mounted officer in making about face, turns to left 74
MOUNTED SCOUTS: Battalion staff officers, training in patrolling and reconnaissance 579 Dismounted patrolling 578 How used 576 Post when attached to battalion 299 To be trained in patrolling and reconnaissance 576 Use for reconnoitering 577; 578
Mouse and cat contest 1089
Movement, any executed in double time unless excepted 60
MOVEMENTS: Begun in quick time, hastened by command, "Double time" 62 Executed toward either flank, explained toward but one flank 58 General rules 57; 63 May be executed from halt or when marching 59
MOVING PIVOT, TURNING ON: Company 222; 227 Squad 164 When used 66
Moving targets, firing at 1432
MUSICIANS: (now buglers) Duties during firing 272 Equipped with whistles and repeating signals 83 Join their companies at battalion inspection 650 Post 207 To carry signal flags 94; 401 To repeat signal to fix bayonet and charge 355; 356
Musicians (now buglers) of the Guard 1700
Muster 655-657
N
NATIONAL AIR: At funeral 641 Playing as honor at review 624
National Anthem 1572
National color does not salute 660
Next to last motion in resuming order from any position 122 (Third)
Night firing 1433
Night marches 1226
NIGHT OPERATIONS: Advance and rear guards 584 Approaching charging point under cover of darkness 496 Attack, time of making 588 Bayonet use 583; 586; 589 Challenging 1103 Connections 1107 Defense, measures taken to resist night attacks 590 Deployment at night 464 Equipment 1100 Finding bearings 1096 Fire action to be avoided 583 Fire not effective beyond 50 yards 590 Formations 581; 586; 589 Hearing 1095 Importance 1091 Individual training 1093 Marches 1102 Marking route outguards to supports 1105 Moving in dark 1097 Night advance followed by attack by day 585 Night entrenching 1099 Night fencing 1098 Night firing 1101 Night matches 584 Outposts 1103 Practice in offensive and defensive operations 581 Preparation 1108 Purposes 580 Readiness for action 1106 Reconnaissance 587 Secrecy 583 Sentries firing 1104 Surprise 587 Trained troops necessary 586 Training of company 1092 Unfriendly guides 583 Vision 1094 White rag, tying around muzzle of rifle 590
Nomenclature of rifle 1342
Noncommissioned officer commanding platoon or company carrying of piece and taking of post 79
Noncommissioned officers, post of 71
Noncommissioned officers to be obeyed and respected 1525
Noncommissioned officers, company, duties 874
Noncommissioned officers confining men 875
Noncommissioned officers; instructions in map problems 954
Noncommissioned officers; reduction and resignation 876
Noncommissioned officers; responsibilities in time of war 944
"Normal" forms covering all cases impossible 369
Normal sight 1353 (a)
North star 1873
Nose, foreign body in 1507
Notches and loopholes 1153
Number of troops to be deployed in beginning 445
"Numbers, by the" 122 (fifth)
O
Obedience 1524
Object of military training 150
OBJECTIVE-- Announced before or after range 181 Once designated not changed unless ordered 182
Oblique deployment as skirmishers 245
Oblique march 162-163
Observation 200-201
Observation of target and fire 428-429
OBSTACLES: Abatis 1176 Against cavalry 1180 Automatic alarms 1192 Barricades 1185 Cheveaux de frise 1179; 1189 Fraise 1178 Guarding obstacles 1190 In front of outguards 1187 Inundations 1186 Kinds 1176 Lessons from European War 1188 Listening posts 1191 Location 1175 Military pits 1184 Necessity for 1174 Object 1173 Palisade 1177 Search lights 1193 Trous de loup 1184 Wire entanglements 1181; 1182; 1188 Wire fence 1183
Obstacles located by Major 358
Occupation of ground 1426
Offensive necessary for decisive results 367
Office, how to enter 1527
Officer of the Day 1593
OFFICERS: Posts of 71 To be true leaders 377 To comply with spirit of orders 377
Oil, use on rifle 1330; 1339
ON RIGHT (LEFT) INTO LINE: Battalion 313 Company 230
Open packs 648
Open ranks 646
Open sight 1352 (a)
Opening fire on defense 360
ORDER: Assumed in resuming attention from rest or at ease 121 (fifth) Piece brought to, upon halting 121 (seventh) Piece striking ground gently 122 (third) Position in next to last motion 122 (third) Position of piece at 123
Order and cohesion in combat 376
Order, close, definition 43
Order, extended, definition 44
ORDER FROM: Inspection 146 Left shoulder 136 Port 128 Present 128 Right shoulder 130 Trail 140
ORDERLIES: Carrying signal flags 400 Do not change position when commander faces about to give command 74 Posts of 73; 78
ORDERS: Battle 392 Brigade and division, usually written 392 Compliance with spirit of 377 Composition of combat order 395 Definition 85 Deployment 392 Deviation from 388 Encroaching upon functions of subordinates, prohibited 396 Given subordinates through immediate superiors 397 Reconnaissance to precede issuing of initial combat orders 394 Regiment, usually verbal 393 Repetition of 83 To be definite 396 Use in battalion combat 328 Verbal 393 When used 80; 85
Orders, files of, company 891
Orders for sentinels 1716
Orders, tactical preparation 952
Organization, military 1858
Orientation 1872
Outlined enemy 56; 273; 370; 371
Outpost, establishing by company 1080
Outpost sketching 1890
Outposts at night 1103
Overhead cover, trenches 1154
P
Pace, definition 45
PACK: Close 648 Display of contents for inspection 682 Laid aside in action 382 Open 648
Packs, unslinging, old equipment 706
Paint spots, how removed 1290
Palisade 1177
Paperwork, company 887
PARADE REST: With arms 137 Without arms 101
PARADES: Battalion 636 General rules 634; 635 Post of color guard 663; 664
Parados 1151
Paroles and countersigns 1769
Partial changes of direction, commander of 67
Patrolling. See, "Scouting and patrolling"
Payment of soldier 1529
Peep sight 1352 (b)
Percentage of hits 1417
Periscopes 1207
Personal hygiene 1470
PERSONAL RECONNAISSANCE: Deployment 441 Formation of plan 394
PHYSICAL TRAINING: Commands 826 Double timing 846 Methods 825 Rifle exercises 847 Setting up exercises 826; 837 Starting positions 834 Walking and marching 845
PIECE: Carrying in any position 122 (Sixth) "Diagonally across the body" 122 (Second) Loading before deployment 269 Not to be carried loaded 121 (First) Once loaded, so kept until command to unload 180 Rules governing carrying 121 To strike ground gently in coming to order 122 (Third) Use as single loader 186
Pitching tents 684
PLAN: Of battle preceded by personal reconnaissance 394 Of combat, adherence to original 373
PLATES: Battalion near, 300 Company near, 207 Equipment near, 646
PLATOON COLUMN: Assembly from 254 Deployment 253 How executed 250 Use in advancing 249-252
PLATOON DRILL: Assembling from deployment 248 Column right (left) (company being in column of platoon) 223 Extended order 242 On right into line (being in column of platoons) 230 Platoons column right (left) (company being in column of squad) 225 Platoon light (left) 220 Platoons right (left) by squads (being in line) 227 Platoons right (left) front into line 232 Squads right about (being in line of platoons) 228 Squads right (left), platoons column right (left) (being in line) 227
PLATOON GUIDES: Close order drill 210 Duties in fire fight 289
PLATOON LEADER: Allotment of target to 282 Control the fire in deployment 270 Duties on fire fight 288; 289 Equipped with whistles 83 Of flank platoons when company acts alone 268 Positions in verifying alignments 218 Repeating commands 214
Platoon, the fire unit of 287
PLATOONS: Advance into an engagement 249 Assignment 206 Designation 205 Division of company into 204
Point of aim 1357
Point of rest, definition 46
Point on which base squad marches in deployment 238
Points of compass 1084
Poison, first aid 1508
PORT ARMS FROM: Inspection 146 Left shoulder 136 Order 125 Present 126 Right shoulder 132 Position and aiming drills 1365
POSITION FIRE: Advance by rushes 293 When used 438
POSITION OF: Captain in dressing company 302 Load, when taken 183 Piece at order 123 Piece "diagonally across the body" 122 (Second) The soldier 99 Position sketching 1889
POST OF: Band 71; 299 Commander in fight 383 Color 637; 638; 650; 664; 665 File closers in column of squads 221 Major during attack 352 Major in route order 325 Mounted enlisted men 73; 76; 78 Noncommissioned officer in command of troops 79 Noncommissioned staff officers 77; 78 Officers, noncommissioned officers and special units (band and machine gun company) shown in plates 71; 72 Reviewing officer 617 Special units 71; 72; 299 Staff officers 73
Powder fouling, removing from bore 1327
Practical instruction, purpose 369
Precision taught by drill at attention 55 (a)
Preliminary drills 1355
PREPARATORY COMMAND: Arrangements of elements 57 To revoke 64 What it indicates 87
PRESENT ARMS FROM: Left shoulder 136 Order 124 Port 127 Right shoulder 133
Present saber 673
Principles of combat, extent to which treated in Part I 54
Prisoners do not salute 1567
Privates of the Guard 1715
Privileges, awarding 881
Privileges, withholding 884
Program of training 919
Progression in training and instruction 917
Property, responsibility, company 886; 896
PROTECTION: By reconnaissance 410; 412 When battalion is acting alone 330 When company is acting alone 268
Protection against surprise when company is acting alone 268
PUNISHMENT: Awarding 915 Company 882; 883
PURSUIT: Additional force for 483 General principles 490; 494 Pursuing fire 486 Troops used for 487
Q
Quartermaster sergeant (now supply sergeant) assignment at drill 207
Quibbling, avoiding, in interpreting drill regulations 53
QUICK TIME: Cadence 108 From double time 111 Movements habitually executed in 109
R
RANGE: Classification 275-277 Command announcing 188 Determining of 276; 277; 426 Finders 277 Importance of correct sight setting 425 In attack 344; 426 In defense 426 Signal for announcing 92
Range, how determined 1429
Range practice 1386
Ranging volleys 278
Rank, definition 47
Rapid fire exercises 1372
RATE OF: Fire 191; 292; 415; 1419 Quick and double time 108
Ration return 909
Ready 189
Reality in training 922
Rear guard, use of machines guns as part of 554
Rear marching, skirmishers, not assembled 173
Rear rank not loading nor firing kneeling or lying down 179
Rear sight, description 1343
Rear, to the, how to execute 118
RECONNAISSANCE: Battalion acting alone 330 Combat 403-413 Company acting alone 268 Company advancing into an engagement 249 Each commander to guard against surprise 442 Meeting engagement 534; 538 Minor warfare 608 Night operations 587 Personal before deployment 441 To precede formation of plan 394
Record of rifles 902
Record of size of clothing 906
Records, company 887-909
Recruits, instruction 97-98; 120; 152-156
Rectifying column, (battalion) 312
Red bugs 1488
Reduction and resignation of noncommissioned officers 876
Reenforcement of firing line by major 359
Reenforcements, size 353
Reenforcing firing line 263-366; 354
REGIMENT: Interval in deployment 454 Lines of communication established by 400 Muster 655-657
REGIMENTAL COLOR: Salutes by 660 Saluting reviewing officer 622
REGIMENTAL COMMANDER: Action in deployment of division 440 Decide equipment carried into action 382
Rejoining command after completion of task 390
REPETITION OF: Command for guides, by captains at battalion drill 301 Commands by captains at battalion drill 300 Orders, commands and signals 83; 88
Report, first sergeant's when company is formed 215
Reports, saluting when making or receiving 75
Represented enemy, definition 56
Requisites of good scout 1031
RESERVE: Captured position strengthened by reserves 492 Commander of troops in action habitually with reserve 383 Covering withdrawal of attacking troops 489 Deployment to enable withdrawal of faulty firing line 444 Enveloping attack 461; 462 Fire of position in decisive action 438 Furnished by units larger than battalion 455 Gives impetus to charge 481 How used 455 In attack charged with flank protection 466 In withdrawal from action 547 Machine guns as part of 557 Occupying trenches vacated by firing line to improve same 476 Of firing line, strength 449; 450 Part played by, in pursuit 491 Post and strength in holding attack 500 Post of, in attack 466 Post of, in defense 513 Post of, in delaying action 532 Reduction of reserve in case of protected flanks 452 Regimental: Ammunition sent from 574 Use of, in case of victory 383
Respect, factor in training 929
Respect for sentinels 1577
Respect to noncommissioned officers 1525
Responsibility, devolution of 869
Responsibility for proper training 921
Rest, executed as without arms 121 (Fifth)
Rests, the 100; 101; 121
"1. Resume 2. March" 63
Retained copies of rolls, etc., company 899
Retiring under fire 475
Return saber 679
Reveille and retreat gun 1837
Reverse slopes 1427
Revetments 1124; 1125; 1166
REVIEWS: Band 623; 624 Battalion 631-633 Battalions, after passing reviewing officer 628 Brigades, or larger commands 628; 629 Cadence at which troops pass in review 627 Commander faces command 614 Flank to pass 12 paces from reviewing officer 617 Flourishes 624 Formation of companies, battalions and regiments 616 General rules 617-630 March, played as honor 624 National air, playing as honor 624 Order in which troops are arranged 614 Passing around line 618; 631 Points where column changes direction 617 Post of reviewing officer on left of column 626 Post of reviewing officer and others 617 Reviewing officer returns only salute of commanding officer 618 Reviewing officer, post 617 Reviewing officer junior to commanding officer 630 Riding around troops 618 Ruffles 524 Salute by regimental color 622 Salute returned by reviewing officer 618 Salute by lieutenant colonel 615 Saluting by staff 615; 619 Saluting the color 618 Standing "at ease" etc., in case of brigade or larger command 629 Subordinates face to front 614 To the color 624 Turning out of column by commanding officer of troops 620; 621
Revoking preparatory command 64
Rewards and privileges, company 881
Ricochet shots 1425
RIFLE, care and description: Army regulations 1341 Bore 1322-1324; 1328 Description 1342 Importance 1321 Kinds of fouling 1325 Oil, how to apply 1339 Oiling barrel 1330 Rear-sight leaf 1343 Removing metal fouling 1327 Removing powder fouling. See "Piece" 1326
Rifle exercises 847
RIFLE SALUTE AT: Order or trail 141 Right shoulder 140
RIFLE TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION: Adjustment of fire 1428 Aiming exercise 1368 Aiming point 1357 Aiming and sighting 1350 Appearance of objects 1396 Auxiliary aiming points 1431 Ballistic qualities of rifle 1410 Battle sight 1352 (c) Beaten zone 1413 Center of impact 1412 Clock system of target designation 1446; 1447 Clock system of wind designation 1391 Cold, effect on shooting 1397 Collective instruction 1404 Combat exercises 1408 Combat practice 1404 Combined sights 1430 Communication in fire control and direction 1447 (b) Cone of fire or dispersion 1411 Defilade 1420 Deflection 1384 Deflection and elevation correction drills 1383 Designation of targets 1445-1447 (a) Designation of winds 1391 Distribution of fire 1441-1444 Effect of fire 1410 Effect of heat, light, etc. 1397; 1403 Effectiveness of fire 1416 Estimating distance 1393-1395 Exercises in fire control and direction 1450 Finger system of target designation 1447 (a) Fine sight 1353 (b) Fire direction and control 1434-1440 Fire discipline, definition 1406 Fire distribution 1441-1444 Firing at stationary targets 1428 Full sight 1353 (c) Gallery practice 1385 Gentle reverse slopes 1427 Grazing fire 1423 Heat, effect on shooting 1397 Hits, percentage 1417 Horizontal clock face system of target designation 1446 Individual instruction 1349 Influence of ground 1420 Light, effect on shooting 1399 Location of trenches 1426 Long range fire 1414 Mirage 1400 Moisture, effect on shooting 1398 Moving targets, firing at 1432 Night firing 1433 Normal sight 1353 (a) Object of system 1344 Occupation of ground 1426 Open sight 1352 (a) Peep sight 1352 (b) Percentage of hits 1417 Point of aim 1357 Position and aiming drills 1365 Preliminary drills 1355 Program of instruction 1348 Range, how determined 1429 Range practice 1386 Rapid fire exercise 1372 Rate of fire 1419 Reverse slopes 1427 Ricochet shots 1425 Sighting and aiming 1350 Shot group 1412 Sighting drills 1356; 1383 Sights, kinds of 1352 Sling, use 1387 Slopes gentle reverse 1427 Stationary targets firing at 1428 Target designation 1445-1447 (a) Targets, number hit 1418 Technical principles of firing 1409 Trajectory 1349 Trial shots, determination of range 1395 Triangle of sighting 1359 Trigger squeeze exercise 1370 Vertical clock face system of target designation 1447 Volleys, determination of range 1395 Windage 1384 Zero of rifle 1392 Zone of effective fire 1415
Right (left) about, squad 167
RIGHT (LEFT) BY: File 235 Squads 226 Two's 234; 235
Right, definition 48
Right (left, center) dress 154; 310; 311
Right face 104
RIGHT (LEFT) FRONT INTO LINE FROM: Close column 322 Column of platoons or squads (company) 231 Column of squads or companies 314 Column of two's 235
Right half face 104
RIGHT (LEFT) HALF TURN: Command 67 Squad 164
Right (left) oblique 163
RIGHT SHOULDER FROM: Inspection 146 Left shoulder 136 Order 129 Port 131 Present 134 Right shoulder, pieces brought to, from order at command "March" 121 (Sixth)
Right (left) step, how executed 114
RIGHT (LEFT) TURN: Company 222 Squad 164
Rise, how executed 176
Road sketching 1891
Route march, post of major and file closers 325
Route step 233
RUFFLES AT: Funeral 641 Review 624
RULES FOR: Carrying piece 121 (First) Ceremonies 614-616 Close order (battalion) 300-306 Close order, company 210-214 Deployment 236-242 Drills and formations 57-79 Execution of manual 122 Parades 634; 635 Reviews 617-630 Salutes 75 Steps and marchings 107-119
RUSHES: Advances made under covering fire 349 Begun by flank company 348 Command for 259 Company as whole led by captain 260 Prearranged methods prohibited 351 Size of rushing units 346; 347 Subsequent advancing 350 Use of position fire 293 When impossible for company to advance as a whole 258
Rust, how removed 1286
S
Saber, manual of 671-680
Safety lock 121; 185
SALUTES: Hand 106 Returned by reviewing officer 618 Rifle 141 Saber 75; 673 With color 660 See "Honors and salutes" also "Military Courtesy"
SALUTING: By lieutenant colonel in ceremonies 615 By staffs in ceremonies 619 Mounted junior to dismount before saluting dismounted senior 75 On marches 1227 Regimental color 622 The color in reviews 618 When making or receiving reports 75
Saluting volleys fired in close order 269
Sapping, advancing to charging point 498
Scalds, first aid 1509
Scale of map distances 1867 (a)
Scales 1861-1869
Scales of maps 1885-1888
Scaling distances from map 1865
SCHOOL OF THE: Battalion 295-363 Company 202-294 Soldier 97-147 Squad 148-201
SCOUTING AND PATROLLING: Eyesight and hearing 1083 Cat and mouse contest 1089 Concealment and dodging 1087 Finding way in strange country 1084 Flag stealing contest 1090 Footmarks, following 1088 Landmarks, observing 1086 Lost, what to do 1085 Mouse and cat contest 1089 Points of compass 1084 Requisites of good scouts 1031 "Tracking" 1088
Scouts; See, "Mounted Scouts"
Scratches, first aid 1510
Search lights, trench warfare 1193
Seeing at night 1094
Semaphore signaling 863
Semi-blindness 1512
Sentinel's orders 1716
Sentinels, respect for 1517
Sentries firing at night 1104
Separated officers and others placing themselves under order of nearest higher commander 390; 391
Sergeant of the guard 1642
Service calls 695
SERVICE OF INFORMATION: Bridges, facts to be obtained about 1000 Bridges, reconnoitering of 992 Buildings, reconnoitering of 996 Camp noises 985 Camps, abandoned 986 Canals, facts to be obtained about 1003 Cross roads, how reconnoitered 989 Defiles, facts to be obtained about 1006 Defiles, reconnoitering of 991 Demolitions 1011 Enclosures, reconnoitering of 994 Facts to be obtained about various objects 998 Fords, reconnoitering of 992 Heights, facts to be obtained about 1010 Heights, reconnoitering of 990 Houses, reconnoitering of 996 Indications to be noticed by patrols 983 Marches, facts to be obtained about 1007 Patrolling: Facts to be obtained about various objects by patrols 998 Civilians 970 Flames and smoke 987 Messages 979; 980 Model reports 1016 Night work 975 Patrol fighting 977 Principles of patrolling 967 Patrols: Acting upon meeting hostile patrols 971 By whom furnished 962 Cooerdination before departure 966 Definition 959 Formation 968 Guarding against being cut off 974 Halts 970 Inspection before departure 961 Leaders 961 Orders and instructions 963 Preparation for starting 965 Prisoners to be captured 984 Problems 1017-1019 Rate of march 969 Report on return 1015 Returning by different route 973 Scattered patrols 972 Signals 978 Size 960 Ponds, facts to be obtained about 1007 Positions, reconnoitering of 995 Railroads: Demolitions 1013 Facts to be obtained about 999 Reconnaissance of positions 989 Rivers, facts to be obtained about 1001 Roads, facts to be obtained about 998 Signs to be noticed by patrols 983 Springs, facts to be obtained about 1008 Suggestions for gaining information about the enemy 983 Suggestions for reconnaissance of positions 989 Telegraph line, demolition 1012 Telegraphs, facts to be obtained about 1004 Valleys, facts to be obtained about 1009 Villages, facts to be obtained about 1005 Villages, reconnoitering of 997 Vision limits of 988 Wagon roads, demolition 1014 Woods, facts to be obtained about 1002 Woods, reconnoitering of 993
SERVICE OF SECURITY: Advance guard, general principles 1021-1024 Advance guard order 1025-1026 Advance guard problems 1033-1046 General principles 1020 Outposts: Advance cavalry 1056 Cavalry outpost 1071 Changes for the night 1075 Communication between subdivision 1074 Composition 1053 Concealment 1068 Cossack post 1061 Definition and duties 1051-1052 Detached posts 1069 Distances between subdivisions 1055 Entrenchments 1067 Establishing the outpost 1073 Examining posts 1070 Flags of truce 1066 Formation 1054 Intercommunication 1074 Obstacles 1067 Outguards 1058 Outpost order 1073 Patrols 1064-1065 Pickets 1059 Problems 1077; 1078; 1079 Relieving outpost 1076 Reserves 1063 Sentinels 1062 Sentry squad 1060 Subdivisions 1054 Supports 1057 Problems, advance guards 1033-1046 Rear guard, general principles 1047-1050
Setting-up exercises 826; 837
SHELTER TENT: Care of 1303 Pitching: New model 682 Old model 707-710 Striking 687
Shock, first aid 1511
SHOES: Care 1292 On marches 1229 Polishing 1295; 1299; 1300 Repair 1294 Selection 1293
"Short point" 824 (d)
Shot group 1412
Shots grazing enemy have approximate value of hits 291
Sick report 889
Side step 114
Siege operations 496
Siege works 1172
Sight rear, description 1343
SIGHT SETTING: Command 188 Importance 425
Sighting and aiming 1350
Sighting drills 1356; 1383
Sights, kinds of 1352
Signal Corps, establishment of lines of communication 399
SIGNAL FLAGS: Carried by musician (now bugler) 94; 401 Carried by orderlies 400 Description 94 Use 95
SIGNALING: "Chop chop" signal 863 General service code 861 Heliograph, flash lantern, searchlight 864 Morse code 866 Semaphore code 863 Sound signals 865 Wigwag 862
SIGNALS: Arm 92 Attention fixed at first motion 82 Bugle used on and off the battlefield 90 Captain of supporting company to look out for major's signals 263 Cease firing 90 Change elevation 92 Commence firing 90 Communication between firing line and reserve 96 Flag 94; 96 For "Platoon" and "Squad," use of 93 Instruction in use of 81 Limitation of 84 Long blast of whistle: Signifies suspension of firing 193 To be avoided as signal for cease firing in rushes 234 Movement commences when signal is understood 82 Range, to announce 92 Repetition of 83 Special prearranged 84 Training in use of, to control firing line 55 (d) Use during firing 271 Use on firing line 431 Use of saber, rifle, or headdress in making 81 When used 80 Whistle 91
Simple maneuvers best 375
Simple movements essential to correct battle training 52
Simulate load, how executed 186
Simultaneous movements by companies or platoons in battalion drill 305
Single loader, use of rifle as 186
Single rank 98 (a); 616
Sitting position used instead of kneeling one 178
Size of clothing, record 906
SKIRMISHERS: Deployment: Company 243 General rules 236-244 Squad 170 To rear 246 Face to front and take advantage of cover on halting 240 Interval between 170; 172; 247; 255; 447 Not assembled, marching to rear 173 To form from platoon or squad column 253
Skulking of troops carrying back wounded 381
Sky lines to be avoided 421
Sleeping bag 685; 686
SLING, GUN: Adjustment and use 1387 Included in grip of piece at balance 122 (First) Use when deployed 184
Sling packs, old equipment 706
Slopes, gentle reverse 1427
Slopes on maps 1868
Slower, fire 191
Small arms firing. See "Rifle training and instruction"
Smartness taught by drills at attention, etc. 55 (a)
Snake's bites 1480
Sniperscope 1208
Snow blindness 1512
Sore throat 1513
Sortie steps 1150
Sound signals 865
Special units; posts of 71; 72
Spider bites 1514
Spirit of order to be complied with by officers 377
Spirit to govern in interpreting drill regulations 53
Splicing 1133-1135
Splints 1484
Spoon, care 1306
Sprains, first aid 1516
SQUAD: Base 236; 239 Composition 149 Dressing 154 Front when deployed 171 Integrity in battle 151 Movements executed as prescribed in school of the soldier 152 Right 165 Right (left) about 167 To dismiss 147 To form 153
SQUAD COLUMN: Deployment 253 How executed 251 To assemble from 254 Use in advancing 249; 252
Squad drill, object 149
SQUAD LEADER: Action at preparatory command for forming skirmish line 237 Corporal is 150 Duties in fire fight 289 Post 150
SQUADS: Deployment when company is deployed 239 Designation 205 Division of company into 203 Grouping soldiers into 148 Preservation of integrity in battle 151 Right (left) about 228 Right (left) column right (left) 226 Right (left) front into line 235
Stable guards 1806
Stack arms 160; 161
STAFF: Does not change position when commander faces about to give command 74 Draws and returns saber with chief 73 Habitually mounted 73 Post of 73 Saluting by, in review 619 Turning out of column in review 620; 621
Stains, how removed 1284
Standards and colors 1575
Standing trench 1146
"Star Spangled Banner" 1572
"STAR SPANGLED BANNER" PLAYED AT: Funeral 641 Review 624
Statement of clothing charged to enlisted men 904
Stationary targets, firing at 1428
Step, change, how executed 119
Stepping off with left foot 107
Steps and marchings 107-119
Stings, first aid 1517
Straggling in marches 1224
Strange country, finding way in 1084
Striking tents 687; 690
SUBORDINATES: Cooeperation 387 Latitude allowed and initiative 384; 385; 386
SUCCESS IN BATTLE: Depends upon leadership, etc. 365 Factors entering into 373; 376 Object of military training 50 Principles for increasing probability of, provided for in drill regulations 53
SUCCESSION OF THIN LINES: Command for advancing 255 Use in advancing 249 Use and purpose 256
Successive formations, guide toward point of rest 65
Successive movements in double time, base unit marches in quick time 61
Suffocation, first aid 1478
Summary court records 903
Summary of combat principles 550
Sunburn, first aid 1485; 1518
Sunstroke 1519
Superiority of fire 414-438
SUPPORT: Artillery 601-605 Battalion: Battalion acting alone in defense 357 Distance from firing line 338 Division of battalion into support and firing line 335 Furnished by battalion 455 None at beginning 339 Position 337 Size 336 Company: Captain to look out for major's signals 363 Control by major 263 Duties of officers and sergeants upon joining firing line 266 Formations for 262 Original platoon divisions to be maintained 266 Promptness in reenforcing firing line 265 Reenforcements joining firing line 264 Occupying trenches vacated by firing line, to improve same 476 Of firing line, strength 449; 450 Post and strength, in holding attack 500 To cover withdrawal 362
Supporting artillery 434-437
Supreme will, but one in battle 387
SURPRISE: Each commander to guard his command against 442 Human element 92 Protection against, when company is acting alone 26
Suspend firing 193; 194
Syphilis 146
T
Tactical exercises, methods of conducting 37
Tactical orders 32
Tactical principles, application of 5
Take arms 16
TAKE INTERVAL: Actions of guides and file closers 213 How executed 156
TAKING DISTANCE: Actions of guides and file closers 66 How executed 158
"Tanks" 1204
TARGET: Action in defense when it disappears 294 Aiming points, use 284 Announced before or after range 181 Allotment to platoon leaders 282 Apportioned by major 340 Assignment by major 281 Change to be avoided 281 Choice of, etc. 422 Designation 201; 1445; 1447 (a) Determination of distance to 276 Distribution of fire 282; 283; 427 Hostile firing line usual target 281; 345 Observation of 424; 429 Once designated, not changed unless ordered 182
Target practice. See "Rifle training and instruction"
Target records, company 907
Targets, number hit 1418
TEAMWORK: Developed by thorough and uniform training 51 General principles 385-391
Technical principles of firing 1409
Telegraph code 866
Telephones in trenches 1171
Tent folding 691
TENT PITCHING: All types except shelter and conical wall 688 Conical wall 689 Shelter 681; 682
Tent striking 687; 690
Terrain exercises 945; 949
THE COLOR: Cased, defined 659 Meaning of "Color" 658 National, renders no salute 660 Receiving of 669 Salute by regimental 660 Where kept 659
Theoretical instruction, purpose 369
"The Star Spangled Banner," see "Star Spangled Banner"
THIN LINES SUCCESSION OF: Commands for advancing 255 Use and purpose 256 Use in advancing 249
Thoroughness in training 922
"To the Color" sounded at review 624
To the rear, how executed 118
Tourniquet 1481
"Tracking" 1088
Trail, at, (command) 121 (sixth)
Trail from order 139
TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION: Art of instruction on varied ground 933 Captain's responsibility for 202 Cheerfulness 930 Clearness 922 Commanding officers accountable for 51 Comradeship 932 Contentment 931 Courage 927 Cover, training in use of 939 Delivery of messages 958 Determination and individual intelligence 924 Fear 926 For battle, simple movements and elastic formations 52 Human element 925 Individual initiative 923 Interest 922 In use of signals to control fire line 55 (d) Map problems 954 Method and progression 918 Object 50; 917 Of battalions, major responsible for 295 Operating against other troops 941 Practice in commanding mixed squads 940 Principles provided for in Drill Regulations 53 Program 919 Reality 922 Respect 929 Responsibility 921 See, "General Common Sense Principles of Applied Minor Tactics" Simultaneous instruction and training 920 Surprise 928 Thoroughness 51; 922 Vanity 922
Trajectory 1349
Traveling in strange country 1084
Traverses 1149
Treatment of soldiers 872
TRENCH AND MINE WARFARE: Aerial mines 1200 Aids to firing 1209 Asphyxiating gases 1194 Bombs from air-craft 1202 Countermining 1211 Grenades and bombs 1197; 1198; 1199 Helmets 1205 Liquid fire 1196 Masks 1206 Mining 1210 Periscopes 1207 Protection against gases 1195 Protection against hand grenades 1203 Sniperscope 1208 "Tanks" 1204 Winged torpedoes 1201
TRENCHES: Located by major 351 Occupied by supports and reserves, to be improved 462 See "Field fortifications"
Trial shots, determination of range 1395
Trials by court-martial 882
Triangle of sighting 1359
Trigger-squeeze exercise 1370
Troops stable guards 1808
Trous de loup 1184
True meridian 1873
Turning about, mounted officer 74
Turning movements when allowable 458
TURNING ON FIXED PIVOT: How executed 164 When used 66
Two's right (left) front into line 235
U
Umpire 55; 371
UNFIX BAYONET: Krag rifle 694 Springfield rifle 143
Uniform, dignity of 1523
UNIT: Attack 342 Fire 287
Units not to be broken up 378
Unload 180; 187
Unload, Krag rifle 703
Unnecessary hardship to be avoided 380
Unsling equipment 648
Unsling packs, old equipment 706
Urinal tubs 1244
Use of cover 195-199
Use of ground 420; 421
V
Valleys determination of range 1395
Variety in instruction 922
Vegetables, distribution of disease 1458
Venereal disease 1466
Verbal orders 393
Vertical clock face system of target designation 1447
Visibility problem 1875
Vision at night 1094
VOLLEY FIRING: How executed 189 Use 278
W
Wall tents 688
War game 946; 949
Warning calls 692
Watchmen 1781
WATER: Distribution of disease 1457 In camp 1253 In trenches 1168
Whistle, long blast 193
Whistle signals 91
Whistles, by whom carried, different tones, etc. 83
Wigwag 862
Will supreme, but one in battle 387
Windage 1384
Winged torpedoes 1201
Wire entanglements 1181; 1182; 1188
Wire fence, trenches 1183
WITHDRAWAL FROM ACTION: Action by commander 549 Covered by support 362 Generally effected at heavy cost 545 Part of line to be withdrawn first 548 Rear guard and distance to be placed between enemy and defeated troops 545 Reserve used to check pursuit 547 Retreating troops to be gotten under control as soon as possible 548 Selection of rendezvous point 549 Under fire 475 Use of artillery, machine guns and cavalry 546 Use of machine guns 557
With dummy (blank or ball) cartridges, load 185
"Without the numbers" 122 (Fifth)
Witness, appearance as 1531
Wood, camping 1252
Work, devolution of 869
Wounded not to be carried back by fighting troops 381
Wounds, first aid 1520
Y
Yellow fever 1469
Z
Zero of rifle 1392
Zone of effective fire 1415
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PUBLISHERS
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CORONA
_The Pen of the Army_
Note the ease with which this portable writing machine may be used under service conditions.
Its parts never work loose or drop off. It has no attachments and does not take down.
You can carry Corona anywhere for, case and all, it weighs but 9 lbs. and measures only 10 x 11-1/4 x 4-1/4 ins.
Being built almost entirely of aluminum and steel, Corona is practically indestructible.
The Corona Folding Stand adds greatly to the convenience of using Corona in the field. This stand has three telescopic brass legs, stands 24 ins. high and collapses to 10-3/4 ins. It weighs 2 lbs.
_Price of Corona and case, $50_ _Price of Folding Stand, $5_
Corona Typewriter Co., Inc.
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To make your shoes waterproof To make your shoes soft and comfortable To make your shoes wear 3 times longer To keep the harness and saddle in good order
Use Viscol
Viscol makes the leather soft and pliable and also waterproof. Viscolized leather remains soft and pliable under continuous hard service, even when it is worn in salt water or in snow. Viscol is a solution of a rubber-like material which amalgamates with the leather substance and is not driven out of the leather by heat or by water, the way oils are. Its beneficial effect is lasting. Leather that is treated with Viscol wears several times as long as leather that has not been thus treated.
Viscol is sold by many of the Post Exchanges and by most shoe dealers. If you can not procure it at the nearest Post Exchange or from your shoe dealer, write to
VISCOL COMPANY East Cambridge Boston, Mass.
TROPHIES AND PRIZES
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COMFORT YOUR FEET
Keep shoes, puttees and all leather accouterments soft, water proof and pliable with 3-in-One. Not sticky or greasy. Contains no acid. After a march or tiresome drill, rub
3-IN-ONE OIL
on your feet--wonderful how it helps take the smart out!
Use 3-in-One on gun and revolver--prevents rust and keeps them in order for inspection. Use on bayonet and side arms, too.
3-in-One will make your gun work with out sticking or jamming. Best shots use and recommend it. Put 3-in-One on your razor strop; also draw razor blade between thumb and finger moistened with 3-in-One after shaving. You'll shave easier.
Sold at Post Exchanges and Ship's Stores: 1-oz. bottle, 10c; 3-oz., 25c; 8-oz. (1/2 pt.) 50c. Also in HANDY Oil Cans, 3-oz. 25c. _Avoid substitutes._
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Hoppe's Nitro Powder Solvent No. 9
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THE MILITARY HISTORIAN AND ECONOMIST
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Edited by MAJOR A. L. CONGER, U. S. A., and PROFESSOR R. M. JOHNSTON, Harvard University. Advisory Board: General J. F. Morrison, U. S. A., Colonel J. W. McAndrew, U. S. A., Professors C. J. Bullock, A. Bushnell Hart, O. M. W. Sprague, and Justin H. Smith, Esq.
Original articles and notes on military history, the Conduct of War, Strategy, Tactics. Military economics by the best American and foreign authorities.
CLAUSEWITZ TO DATE
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+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE. | | =================== | | | | Irregularities within the original book have been preserved, | | notably: | | | | Part I has appendicies A, B and D. There is no Appendix C. | | | | Part I Chapter I contains plates II, III and VI. Plates I, IV | | and V are not present nor referenced. | | | | References to other paragraphs within the text mostly use the | | book paragraph number. However, there are some cases where the | | paragraph number relates to the source document paragraph number | | (in brackets at the end of the paragraph)--these have been left | | as shown in the book. The link in the html version does, however,| | point to the intended paragraph. | | | | Spelling variants (e. g. reinforce vs reenforce) have been | | preserved. | | | | The 'pointing finger' picture has been transcribed as --> in the | | text version. | | | | Brackets have been added as necessary to equations to aid clarity. | | | | For consistency, subheadings which originally appeared next to a | | paragraph number have been extracted out to the line above (i. e. | | they do not appear on the same line as the paragraph number in | | this transcription.) Affected paragraphs are: | | | | 817, 818, 826, 828-34, 836-47, 860, 862, 864-6, 1016-9, 1034-45, | | 1078, 1277, 1320, 1340-1, 1352-3, 1356, 1358-65, 1367-70, 1372, | | 1376, 1379-80, 1383. | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+
End of Project Gutenberg's Manual of Military Training, by James A. Moss