v. 9 The journal of Sir George Rooke, Admiral of the Fleet,

1700-2; ed. by Oscar Browning.

(The first eight volumes would be set out in the same way in their place as are the contents of collected works).

ROOKE, Sir George, _Admiral of the Fleet_.

Journal, 1700-2; ed. by Oscar Browning. (_Navy Records Soc._, v. 9.) 1897

It would be within the scope of most catalogues to separately enter under authors and subjects any exceptionally important monographs published with or supplementary to, the transactions of scientific or other societies, but to go further than this and to catalogue in this way each separate contribution to such transactions opens up so vast a field of work that it need not be attempted. Special libraries used only by special classes of the community will have to settle the length to which they can go in this direction according to their several requirements and the means at their disposal. Something towards this end of making available the contents of transactions, proceedings, and the like has been accomplished in the _Royal Society’s Catalogue of Scientific Papers_, but there is infinitely more yet to be done and the majority of libraries will choose to wait for the promised great _International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_ rather than attempt to index the contents of whatever transactions they happen to possess in their libraries, though this great catalogue has up to the present got no further than the conference-and-dinner stage of compilation.

The publications of foreign societies are usually entered under the names of the countries if of national importance, or places where they meet if of local importance, unless they have a specially distinctive title. Government publications are entered under the names of the countries or places, as

France. Chambre des Députés.

Paris. Prefecture de la Seine.

United States Bureau of Education.

The publications of the home government cannot be grouped under one head or title in this way, and must be distributed under the names of the various departments as Board of Trade, Local Government Board, Historical Manuscripts Commission, Charity Commission, &c.

The reports of Church Councils and official publications of religious denominations occasionally call for some consideration. Important ecclesiastical councils as the Council of Trent or the Westminster Assembly of Divines are entered under the names of the places of meeting, but in the case of denominational assemblies where the place of meeting is a mere incident, the entry is to be made under the name of the denomination, and not the place of meeting. Examples of such publications are

Official report of the Church Congress, Cardiff, 1889.

Report of proceedings of the Presbyterian Alliance held in Philadelphia, 1880.

Minutes of proceedings of the yearly meeting of Friends held in London, 1896.

and the form of entry is

Church of England. Official report of the Church Congress, Cardiff, 1889.

Presbyterian Alliance. Report of proceedings, Philadelphia, 1880.

Friends, Society of. Minutes of proceedings of the yearly meeting, London, 1896.

In the same way reports or publications of particular societies meeting in annual or occasional congress as Freemasons, Good Templars, Trades Unions, or professional associations are entered under the names of the societies irrespective of the places of meetings.

=70.=--There is still one form of principal entry to be considered, and that is when there is no author, editor, or compiler whose name can be used and a title-entry becomes a principal entry. The commonest form is that of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals. These are invariably entered under the first word of the title not an article, and never under the editor’s name. The first and last volumes of the series contained in the library with the earliest and latest dates (_i.e._ years) are given, as

Chambers’s Journal, v. 1-20. la. 8o. 1854-64

Strand Magazine. Illus. v. 1-14. la. 8o. 1891-7

Times, The. 47 v. la. fo. 1881-91

If the series is incomplete then the volumes wanting must be shown by the entry, as

Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal. New ser., v. 9-15, 17, 19-20. la. 8o. 1848-54

this showing that volumes 1 to 8, 16, and 18 are not in the library.

=71.=--Another form of principal title-entry is that for the sacred books, especially for the Bible in its various editions and translations. It is customary to enter all editions in all languages of the complete scriptures, or of portions of them, under the word “Bible,” arranging the entries in this order in the first place--

1 Old and New Testament (whether inclusive of the Apocrypha or not).

2 Old Testament only.

3 Parts of Old Testament.

4 New Testament.

5 Parts of New Testament.

Each of these divisions are then arranged according to language, and each of the languages again chronologically according to the edition. When a library contains a fair collection of versions and editions of the scriptures it is as well to keep to the rule to place those first which are in the original languages, but in the average English library it will be found most convenient to lead off with the English versions, followed by those in the original texts, and afterwards with those in modern languages other than English. The entries would be after the following style, but with such distinctive bibliographical particulars as may be desirable according to the importance and interest of the collection.

BIBLE, THE

_Old and New Testaments._

_English._ The Bible in Englishe according to the translation of the great Byble. 1561

⸻ The parallel Bible. The Holy Bible: being the Authorised Version arranged in parallel columns with the Revised Version. 1885

_French._ La sainte Bible. Ed. Ostervald. 1890

_Old Testament._

_Greek._ The Septuagint version of the Old Testament; with an English translation, notes, &c. n.d.

This arrangement and sub-division is only applicable to the text, and then only if the edition is simply a version or translation and is not accompanied by a commentary. Commentaries are treated as any other original work would be and entered under the author’s name, unless they happened to be of a collective character, as _The Cambridge Bible for schools and colleges_; ed. by Perowne, when the principal-entry would be under “Bible” (_Subject_ sub-division “Commentaries”) preferably to “Cambridge Bible,” with the contents of each volume of the series set out, not alphabetically, but in the order of the books of the Bible, as

BIBLE, THE:

_Commentaries._

Cambridge Bible for schools and colleges; ed. by Perowne.

_Old Testament._

Joshua, by G. F. Maclear. 1887

Judges, by J. J. Lias. 1886

Ezra and Nehemiah, by H. E. Ryle. 1893

A cross-reference would be necessary from

Cambridge Bible for schools, &c. _See_ Bible (Commentaries)

and, if it were deemed desirable, references could be given from the editors’ names in this form

Maclear, G. F. _See_ Bible (Cambridge Bible).

=72.=--Sometimes the commentaries in a series are of sufficient importance, or of such a character, that each is virtually a book quite apart from its place as one of the series. The volumes of the _Expositor’s Bible_, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, are of this class, and, while they should in the first place be dealt with as shown in the _Cambridge Bible_ above, yet a mere reference under the author’s names hardly suffices--they are not merely editors as in the _Cambridge Bible_ series--therefore, besides this principal-entry under Bible, entries are required, as

Farrar, F. W., _Dean_. The first Book of Kings. (_Expositor’s Bible_). 1893

⸻ The second Book of Kings. (_Expositor’s Bible_). 1894

⸻ The Book of Daniel. (_Expositor’s Bible_). 1895

or in a style more concise

Farrar, F. W., _Dean_. Expositor’s Bible:

I. and II. Kings. 2 v. 1893-4

Daniel. 1895

Though coming more correctly under the remarks on subject-headings it may be here noted in passing that commentaries in a series are regarded as a single book and not entered separately under the name of each book of the Bible throughout the catalogue, therefore the above items would not have entries under “Kings” or “Daniel.” If, however, Dean Farrar had written a separate work dealing with the Book of Daniel, it should be entered under “Daniel,” and not under “Bible.” So commentaries, or any other works upon the whole Bible, like the entire series of the Expositor’s Bible, go under “Bible,” but if the commentaries deal with the Old or New Testament, or any particular book of the Bible separately, such works are placed under the headings of “Old Testament,” “New Testament,” or under the name of the particular book dealt with, as the case may be, and not under the heading “Bible,” as in the case of the text alone, or any portion of it. There are exceptions even to this rule with regard to translations, if special, and more particularly if accompanied by an exposition, as in a case like

JOWETT, Benjamin. The epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Galatians, and Romans. 3rd ed., ed. and condensed by Lewis Campbell. 2 v. 1894

v. 1, Translation and commentary.

v. 2, Essays and dissertations.

This work would not be put under “Bible” as its subject, but would be entered either under “Paul, St.” (where all books upon his Epistles, not part of a general commentary or including any other parts of the Bible, might very well be grouped), or under the names of the churches to which the Epistles were addressed, as

Thessalonians, St. Paul’s Epistles to the.

In either case a cross-reference would be needed under the heading “Bible,” sub-division “Commentaries,” thus:

Bible.

_Commentaries._

_See also_ Paul, St.

or

_See also_ Thessalonians.

=73.=--The extent to which editors and translators are to be noticed in cataloguing is a very important one, but it also depends largely upon the requirements of the case. It should be taken for granted in large reference libraries intended principally for use by scholars that every name appearing upon a title-page, whether as author, editor, translator, compiler, or adapter, would be noticed and receive an entry, either in full or by way of cross-reference. But for an average library, and particularly lending libraries, it would be waste of energy and of space to adopt this system and fully carry it out. Thus, a work like

Easy selections adapted from Xenophon; with a vocabulary, notes, and a map, by J. Surtees Phillpotts and C. S. Jerram.

would in the former case have references from Phillpotts and Jerram to Xenophon, under which the principal entry should appear. But in most cases a single entry will be found ample, as

XENOPHON. Easy selections; adapted, &c. by Phillpotts and Jerram.

On the other hand, there are famous translations or editions that should have in every case entries under the translator’s or editor’s name, as

Chapman, George. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.

Jowett, Benjamin. The Republic of Plato.

These are instances where two principal entries might be given with advantage, firstly under “Homer” and “Plato,” and secondly under “Chapman” and “Jowett,” as above.

Almost in the same category come those books which have been revised and enlarged by an editor to such an extent as to leave but little of the original author’s work. Sometimes the revision and additions may not be so extensive, but still be important enough to command a separate entry under the reviser’s name. Examples of these are

PRESCOTT, Wm. H. History of the reign of the Emperor Charles V., by Wm. Robertson, extended by W. H. P.

TILDEN, Wm. A. Watts’ Manual of chemistry. v. 2, Organic chemistry. 2nd ed. 1886

these entries being in addition to those under “Robertson” and “Watts.”

=74.=--It occasionally occurs that a prefatory essay or biographical or critical introduction to a book is of so much value as to be worth a separate entry, as

COURTHORPE, Wm. J. Life of Alexander Pope. (Pope’s Works, v. 5.) 1889

The careful cataloguer will rarely overlook these important points, though it too often happens that sets of books are lumped into a catalogue without the least attention to details of this kind, leaving it incomplete and so making the library less useful.