Part 3

_Color._--General color of back and sides light silvery gray irregularly suffused with buff and slightly darkened by blackish hair-tips and by appearance at surface of hair-brown basal portion of fur. The buff suffusion is least noticeable on back, slightly more apparent on sides and flanks, and most evident on sides of neck, where it usually brightens almost to buff-yellow in distinct contrast with surrounding parts. On middle of back there is a trace of the middle dark stripe of the three normally present in members of the genus. Head essentially like back though somewhat more gray. Muzzle and ill-defined eye ring blackish. Cheeks and short median stripe on forehead dull whitish gray. Under parts essentially like back, but buff tinge more diffuse. Feet and ears dark brown. Tail like back but darkening to uniform brown beyond middle.

Newly born young are clear bluish gray, with scarcely a tinge of buff. The three black dorsal stripes are clearly defined and normal in extent.

_Skull._--In addition to its smaller size the skull differs from that of the Bornean _Arctogalidia stigmatica_ in the relatively larger braincase, and less prominent audital bullæ. The braincase is nearly as broad as in the Bornean species, but the zygomatic width is distinctly less. Audital bullæ less raised above level of basi-occipital when skull is held upside down and viewed from behind. The sagittal crest, though of normal development in very old individuals, is absent at an age when it is well grown in the larger species. In _Arctogalidia leucotis_ and _A. stigmatica_, even in animals so young that the teeth are unworn and all the sutures of the rostrum plainly visible, the sagittal crest is a knife-like ridge extending from proencephalon to lambdoid suture, and rising to a height of about 4 mm. over middle of braincase. In much older individuals of _A. inornata_, with worn teeth and nearly obliterated rostral sutures, the crest is represented by a low ridge about 5 mm. wide over middle of braincase and flat or grooved on top. At this stage it rises very inconspicuously above level of the adjacent surface, from which it is distinguished more by the texture of the bone than by actual form.

_Teeth._--The teeth are uniformly much smaller than in _Arctogalidia leucotis_ and _A. stigmatica_, but I can detect no important differences in form.

_Measurements._--External measurements of type: total length 1027; head and body 469; tail vertebræ 558; hind foot 78 (73.) External measurements of an adult female: total length 911; head and body 431; tail vertebræ 480; hind foot 77 (72).

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 102 (115);[23] basal length 96 (106); basilar length 92 (103); median palatal length 53 (60); palatal breadth between anterior molars 13 (15.4); zygomatic breadth 55 (60); breadth between tips of postorbital processes 41 (39); constriction in front of postorbital processes 19 (18); constriction behind postorbital processes 13 (12); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 32 (33); mastoid breadth 36 (38); mandible 76 (86); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 34[24] (41); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 39 (44); crown of first upper molar 5.4 × 5 (5.4 × 5.6); crown of second upper molar 4 × 5 (5.4 × 6.4); crown of second lower molar 7 × 4.2 (8.4 × 5.4).

_Specimens examined._--Seven (two young in alcohol and one skull without skin), all from the type locality.

_Remarks._--_Arctogalidia inornata_ is so distinct from the previously described species as to require no special comparisons. It is common on Bunguran where it frequents the cocoanut trees, living for the most part in the tops among the leaf stalks.

VIVERRA TANGALUNGA Gray.

1895. _Viverra tangalunga_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 490. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Nine specimens from Bunguran. These agree in all respects with the Bornean animal.

TUPAIA SPLENDIDULA Gray.

1894. _Tupaia splendidula_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 656. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1893. _Tupaia splendidula typica_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Two specimens from Bunguran.

TUPAIA LUCIDA (Thomas and Hartert).

1895. _Tupaia splendidula lucida_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 490. December, 1895 (Pulo Laut).

Seven specimens (two in alcohol) from Pulo Laut.

TUPAIA SIRHASSENENSIS sp. nov.

1894. _Tupaia tana_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 657. September, 1894 (Sirhassen).

_Type._--Adult male (skin and skull) No. 104712 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June 5, 1900. Original number 442.

_Characters._--In general similar to Bornean specimens of _Tupaia tana_, but smaller (hind foot 47 instead of 52, greatest length of skull 55 instead of 60), gray markings on head and shoulders less distinct, and red of tail brighter. Rostral portion of skull less attenuate than in _Tupaia tana_.

_Color._--The color so exactly resembles that of the common Bornean _Tupaia tana_ as to need no detailed description. Gray of head darker than in the Bornean animal and light shoulder markings less distinct and sharply defined. Under side of tail light orange-rufous, darkening to ferruginous toward edge. (In _T. tana_ these colors are replaced by dull ferruginous and hazel respectively.)

_Skull and teeth._--The skull is throughout much smaller than in specimens of _Tupaia tana_ from Borneo. In form it differs from that of _T. tana_ in less slender and elongate rostrum, narrower braincase and slightly shorter audital bullæ. Suborbital vacuity much broader than in _T. tana_. Teeth as in the Bornean animal.

_Measurements._--External measurements of type: Total length 355; head and body 203; tail vertebræ 152; hind foot 46.4 (44). Average and extremes of four adults from the type locality: total length 367 (365-371); head and body 203; tail vertebræ 163 (162-168); hind foot 45.4 (44-46.6); hind foot without claws 42.5 (41-44).

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 54.6 (61);[25] basal length 49 (54); basilar length 46.4 (51); median palatal length 48 (53); distance from lachrymal notch to tip of premaxillary 27.6 (31); least interorbital breadth 14.4 (16); zygomatic breadth 25 (28.4); mandible 38 (41); maxillary toothrow (behind diastema) 20 (21.4); mandibular toothrow (behind diastema) 17 (18).

_Specimens examined._--Five, all from the type locality.

GALEOPITHECUS VOLANS (Linnæus).

1894. _Galeopithecus volans_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 657. September, 1894 (Bunguran and Sirhassen).

Two specimens from Sirhassen and two (one young in alcohol), from Bunguran. Also foetus of one of the Sirhassen specimens.

EMBALLONURA ANAMBENSIS Miller.

Four specimens from Bunguran. These agree essentially with the Anamba animal, but show some slight cranial peculiarities.

PIPISTRELLUS SUBULIDENS sp. nov.

_Type._--Adult female (in alcohol) No. 104758 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June 3, 1900.

_Characters._--Similar to _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_ (Schreber) in size, color and external form, but skull with broader rostrum, and inner upper incisor without supplemental cusp.

_Skull._--The skull is of the same size as that of _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_, but the braincase is narrower and more elongate, and the rostrum is very markedly shorter and broader. The great breadth of the anterior portion of the skull involves also the palate and interpterygoid space, both of which are noticeably wider than in _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_. Audital bullæ slightly smaller than in the European species.

_Teeth._--The teeth are essentially as in _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_, except that the inner upper incisor lacks the small supplemental cusp. Mandibular teeth wider than those of _P. pipistrellus_.

_Measurements._--External measurements of type: total length 76; head and body 41; tail 33; tibia 14; foot 6; calcar 10; forearm 32.4; thumb 6; second digit 30; third digit 60; fourth digit 53; fifth digit 43; ear from meatus 11; ear from crown 9; width of ear 9.6; tragus (measured in front) 4.

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 12.4 (12);[26] basal length 11.8 (11.6); basilar length 9 (9); zygomatic breadth 8.4 (8); least interorbital breadth 3.2 (3.2); greatest length of braincase 8 (7.6); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 6.6 (6.6); mandible 8.8 (8.4); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 4.2 (4.2); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 4.8 (4.8).

_Specimens examined._--Six (in alcohol), all from the type locality.

_Remarks._--I am unable to identify this bat with any described species. Externally it is practically identical with _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_ except that the color, so far as can be judged from specimens preserved in alcohol, is more blackish. Internally it is readily distinguished by the characters of the skull and teeth. From _Pipistrellus abramus_ it differs externally in smaller size, narrower ears, and in the absence of any unusual development of the penis. The incisors differ from those of _P. abramus_ in the same manner as from those of _P. pipistrellus_.

HIPPOSIDEROS LARVATUS (Horsfield).

Two specimens (one in alcohol) were collected on Sirhassen Island, June 6 and 7, 1900.

RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS (Horsfield).

One badly damaged specimen from Bunguran appears to be referable to typical _Rhinolophus affinis_. The forearm cannot be measured, but the third finger is 75 mm. in length. Tibia 21, foot 10.4, ear from meatus 21. Ridge on muzzle beneath edge of nose leaf low, broad and hairy, not in the least suggesting a supplementary leaflet.

RHINOLOPHUS SPADIX sp. nov.

1894. _Rhinolophus affinis_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 656. December, 1895 (Sirhassen).

_Type._--Adult female (in alcohol) No. 104752 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June, 1900.

_Characters._--In general like _Rhinolophus affinis_ but much smaller. Color uniform tawny brown. Muzzle with distinct supplemental leaflets.

_Muzzle._--Muzzle and noseleaf precisely as in _Rhinolophus affinis_, except that the ridge on muzzle beneath edge of horseshoe is developed into a distinct supplemental leaflet resembling those present in _Hipposideros_. In this respect _Rhinolophus spadix_ resembles the animal from Burmah referred by Thomas to _Rhinolophus rouxii_;[27] but the terminal erect portion of the noseleaf is not shortened or in any way peculiar in form.

_Ears._--The ears resemble those of _Rhinolophus affinis_, except that they are not as large.

_Color._--Fur everywhere russet, slightly paler on ventral surface, darker and somewhat tinged with hazel above. Ears and membranes dark brown.

_Skull and teeth._--The skull and teeth exactly resemble those of mainland specimens of _Rhinolophus affinis_ except for their uniformly smaller size.

_Measurements._--External measurements of type: total length, 70 (85[28]); tail 21 (23); tibia 17.6 (24); foot 8 (10); calcar 12 (13); forearm 43 (51); thumb 8 (8.6); second digit 32 (40); third digit 64 (77); fourth digit 53 (61); fifth digit 54 (63); ear from meatus 17 (20); ear from crown 14 (17); length of noseleaf from lip 13 (16); greatest width of noseleaf 8 (9).

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 18 (23); basal length 16 (20.4); basilar length 14.6 (18); zygomatic breadth 9 (11); least interorbital breadth 2.4 (2.4); greatest length of braincase 10.4 (13); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 8 (9.4); frontopalatal depth (at middle of molar series) 4 (4.8); depth of braincase 6 (7); mandible 11.8 (15); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisor) 6.8 (9); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 7 (9.8).

_Specimens examined._--Three (one skin), all from the type locality.

_Remarks._--_Rhinolophus spadix_ is so readily distinguished from its relatives of the _R. affinis_ group that it needs no special comparisons. It is a much smaller animal than the species from the Anambas that I recently referred to _R. rouxii_.[29] In color the latter is a dull brown not in the least resembling the russet of _R. spadix_.

CYNOPTERUS MONTANOI Robin.

1894. _Cynopterus marginatus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen and Bunguran).

1899. _Cynopterus montanoi_ MATSCHIE, Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde, p. 75. August, 1899. (Natuna record of _C. marginatus_ placed in synonymy of _C. montanoi_.)

Five specimens (three skins) from Sirhassen. These agree so closely with a skin and two bleached alcoholic specimens from Singapore, which I suppose to be the same as the Malaccan _Cynopterus montanoi_, that without more material it is impossible to distinguish the Natuna animal from that of the southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula. _Cynopterus montanoi_ as thus understood differs from _C. angulatus_ Miller[30] of Lower Siam in its more slender skull and in the absence of the white border of the ear, and from _C. titthæcheilus_ (Temminck) of Sumatra and Java in its conspicuously smaller size.

PTEROPUS VAMPYRUS (Linnæus).

1894. _Pteropus vampyrus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895. _Pteropus vampyrus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Six skins from Bunguran.

? PTEROPUS HYPOMELANUS Temminck.

1894. _Pteropus hypomelanus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen).

1895. _Pteropus hypomelanus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Pulo Pandak, Pulo Panjang and Pulo Laut).

Eight (one in alcohol) from Sirhassen and seven (one in alcohol) Pulo Laut. It is highly probable that these specimens represent a species distinct from the true _Pteropus hypomelanus_ of Ternate.

NYCTICEBUS TARDIGRADUS (Linnæus).

1894. _Nycticebus tardigradus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895. _Nycticebus tardigradus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489 (Bunguran).

One specimen from Bunguran.

MACACUS 'CYNOMOLGUS' Auct.

1894. _Macacus cynomolgus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 654. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895. _Macacus cynomolgus_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

A specimen from each of the following islands: Sirhassen, Pulo Lingung and Pulo Laut.

SEMNOPITHECUS CRISTATUS (Raffles).

Two monkeys from Sirhassen appear to be referable to this species.

SEMNOPITHECUS NATUNÆ Thomas and Hartert.

1894. _Semnopithecus natunæ_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 652. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895. _Semnopithecus natunæ_ THOMAS and HARTERT, Novitates Zoologicæ, II, p. 489. (Bunguran.)

Ten specimens from Bunguran.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] For location of the Natuna Islands see Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., II, p. 204. August 20, 1900.

[2] Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). List of the first collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ, I, pp. 652-660. September, 1894.

Thomas (O.). Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents. Novitates Zoologicæ, II, pp. 26-28. February, 1895.

Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). On a second collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ, II, pp. 489-492. December, 1895.

Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the squirrels of the Ratufa (Sciurus) bicolor group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., V, pp. 490-499. June, 1900.

Thomas (O.). The red flying squirrel of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ, VII, p. 592. December 8, 1900.

Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the Squirrels of the Sciurus Prevostii Group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., VII, pp. 167-177. February, 1901.

[3] Gray's "Notice of a species of Tupaia from Borneo, in the collection of the British Museum" in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1865 (p. 322) may be added to the bibliography of Natuna mammals, as the animal described, though supposed to have been taken in Borneo, is apparently confined to Bunguran Island, the largest of the Natunas.

[4] _Megaderma spasma_, _Myotis muricola_, _Taphozous melanopogon_, _Mydaus meliceps_, _Paradoxurus hermaphroditus_, _Lutra sumatrana_ and _Mus ephippium_.

[5] See papers already cited, also Novitates Zoologicæ, I, p. 468 (letter from Mr. Everett); _ibid._, I, p. 483 (note on land shells by Mr. E. Smith), _ibid._, II, p. 478 (Birds); _ibid._, II, p. 499 (Reptiles).

[6] Sitz.-Berich. der Gesellsch. Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, p. 224.

[7] For the opportunity of examining the skull of an adult male from Balabac I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. D. G. Elliot. A photograph (slightly reduced) of this specimen was published by Mr. Elliot in 1896 (Field Columbian Museum, Publication II, Zoological Series, I, No. 3, pl. XI, May, 1896).

[8] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype of _Tragulus nigricans_.

[9] Measurements in parentheses are those of a less mature specimen from Bunguran.

[10] Measurements in parentheses are those of a Tenasserim specimen (female) of _Sus cristatus_ so young that the posterior molar is not fully in place.

[11] Last molar not fully grown.

[12] See Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, pl. III and IV.

[13] Collector's measurement.

[14] Measurements in parentheses are those of the type of _Mus validus_.

[15] In the type of _Mus mülleri_ the diastema is 12 mm.

[16] Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIV, p. 450. December, 1894.

[17] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype of _Sciurus tenuis_.

[18] Measurements in parentheses are those of an older specimen of _Sciurus natunensis_ from Sirhassen.

[19] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult _Sciurus notatus_ from Borneo.

[20] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult Bornean _Sciurus notatus_.

[21] Measurements in parentheses are those of the type of _Ratufa melanopepla_.

[22] Teeth very much worn and many of them absent.

[23] Measurements in parentheses are those of a young adult _A. stigmatica_ from British North Borneo.

[24] Tooth measurements are from a younger specimen (male) with perfect dentition.

[25] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male Bornean _Tupaia tana_.

[26] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult skull of _Pipistrellus pipistrellus_ from Switzerland.

[27] Ann. Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di Genova, Ser. 2, X, p. 923, pl. XI, 1892.

[28] Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult female _Rhinolophus affinis_ from Trong, Lower Siam.

[29] Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., II, p. 234. August 20, 1900.

[30] Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p. 316. July, 1898.

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Transcriber's Note:

Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.

_Underscores_ surround italicized content.