Chapter 5
_OLD VALUES RE-VALUED_
This book is a review of the history of civilisation with the object of discovering where and under what conditions man has shown the most positive attitude towards life. The review has been based not so much upon scholarship as upon the direct evidence of the products and monuments of the different peoples of history, and the author has consequently travelled widely in order to collect his material. The author shows how the patriarchal system and values have always been the foundation of peoples, who have been distinguished for their joy in and power over life, and have expressed their mastery in works of art, which have been their peculiar glory and the object of admiration and wonder of other peoples. In contrast to them has been the briefer history of civilisation in Europe, in which the paternal and filial values of interdependence have always been rivalled by the ideal of independence from one's fellow-man. The consequences of this ideal of personal liberty in the destruction of the art of life are forcibly delineated in the last chapters.
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TORY DEMOCRACY
BY J. M. KENNEDY
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_LORDS, GOVERNMENT, LIBERALISM_
There are unmistakable indications that the system of politics at present pursued by the two chief political parties is not meeting with the approval of the electorate as a whole, though this electorate, as a result of the Caucus methods, finds it increasingly difficult to give expression to its views. In his book on Tory Democracy, Mr J. M. Kennedy, who is already favourably known through his books on modern philosophical and sociological subjects, sets forth the principles underlying a system of politics which was seriously studied by men so widely different as Disraeli, Bismarck, and Lord Randolph Churchill. Mr Kennedy not only shows the close connection still existing between the aristocracy and the working classes, but he also has the distinction of being the first writer to lay down a constructive Conservative policy which is independent of Tariff Reform. Apart from this, the chapters of his work which deal with Representative Government, the House of Lords, and "Liberalism at Work" throw entirely new light on many vexed questions of modern politics. The book, it may be added, is written in a style that spares neither parties nor persons.
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PRINCIPLES OF A NEW SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY
BY ARTHUR LYNCH,
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_A BASIC WORK OF ANALYSIS_
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EIGHT CENTURIES OF PORTUGUESE MONARCHY
BY V. de BRAGANÇA CUNHA
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_THE TRUTH ABOUT PORTUGAL_
This book reveals the series of causes, both political and social, which have brought Portugal to its present condition and affected the character of its people.
The entire history of Monarchical Portugal is reviewed in masterly fashion, and the work is based on a thorough knowledge and critical appreciation of all available sources. The author writes, not as an outsider, but as one who knows his country from within, and the book therefore constitutes a serious attempt to tell the English-speaking world the truth about Portugal.
The author knows that he treads "forbidden ground," but even where he apportions the severest blame he does so in the conviction that adverse criticism of any country, "however unpleasant it may be to all Chadbands and Stigginses," cannot be considered abusive if it be made with the intention of stirring up the forces of reform and of remedying the defects which it discloses.
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SIR EDWARD
A BRIEF MEMORIAL OF A NOBLE LIFE
BY A FELLOW OF THE LITERARY SOCIETY
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_AN IRRESISTIBLE SATIRE_
The humour of this remarkable satire is irresistible. The truth concerning Sir Edward is gradually revealed by fantastic touches and sly suggestions, and with a manner so correct as almost to put the reader off his guard.
Although the subject of this Æsopian biography is drawn in such a way as to suggest now one and now another familiar figure in modern life, yet these fleeting and shadowy resemblances are in reality an indication of the archetypal nature of Sir Edward; he is not a caricature but a symbol; not any particular individual but a composite type--a materialisation into one grotesque shape of the drifting ideas and false ideals of a muddled civilisation.
The narrative gathers into its net both big and little fishes--a heavy haul. But people who regard Western civilisation as the final word in social wisdom should not read this book: or perhaps they should. Anyway, everyone else should.
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PARISIAN PORTRAITS
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_AN APPRECIATION OF FRENCH GENIUS_
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THE VALLEY OF SHADOWS
BY FRANCIS GRIERSON
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_MEMORIES OF LINCOLN'S COUNTRY_
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MODERN MYSTICISM
And Other Essays
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_ORIGINAL, INCISIVE, SUBTLE, ACUTE_
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THE CELTIC TEMPERAMENT
BY FRANCIS GRIERSON
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_CHARMING AND FULL OF WISDOM_
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SOME NEIGHBOURS
STORIES, SKETCHES, AND STUDIES
BY CHARLES GRANVILLE
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_FULL OF CLEVER CHARACTERISATION_
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CIVIL WAR
A Play in Four Acts
BY ASHLEY DUKES
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_A DRAMA WITHOUT ARTIFICIALITY_
This play is that rarity, an English drama of ideas which is not in any sense imitative of Mr Bernard Shaw. It presents an intellectual conflict which is also a passionate conflict of individualities, and the theme is treated with sympathy and humanity. The portrait of life in a colony of revolutionists alone would make "Civil War" something of a dramatic curiosity, but it is more than that. It is at once effective and original. The play was given for the first time by the Incorporated Stage Society in June 1910, with remarkable success, and it will shortly be revived by several of our newer repertory theatres. It should be read as well as seen, however, for it is dramatic without artificiality, and literary without affectation.
_The following is what some of the Press think of the play:_
_Pall Mall Gazette_:--"A very interesting, sincere, and artistic piece of work."
_Westminster Gazette_:--"In producing 'Civil War,' by Mr Ashley Dukes, the Stage Society has rendered a real service to drama.... The play shows that the dramatist possesses in a high degree the capacity for writing dialogue--for finding phrases characteristic of the persons of the comedy, useful for the situations, and exhibiting a certain style that is rare and indefinable. There were scenes, notably one of great beauty between the old Socialist and his daughter, where, apart from the dramatic effect, one had real pleasure from the phrases, and this without there being any obvious attempt to write in a literary style."
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THE MAID'S COMEDY
A Chivalric Romance in Thirteen Chapters
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I. In which, by favour and fortune, three gentle persons may interest at least three others.
II. Wherein is founded a new Order of Chivalry, and matters for simple and wise alike may be discovered.
III. Exhibiting a partner in an old-established business pursuing her occupation.
IV. Wherein one character is left in a delicate situation, another loses her way, and a third is brought to a pretty pass.
V. Containing the din of arms, thrust and parry and threat of slaughter, but gently concluding with the first canon of feminine craft.
VI. Displaying a standing example of feminine folly and a rally of heroes.
VII. Concerning, mainly, the passions as toys for the great god, Chance, to fool with.
VIII. Wherein an oft-defeated, yet indestructible, ideal is realised.
IX. Of matters for old and young, facts and fancies, aspirations and exhortations, and chronicling a feat worthy the grand tradition of chivalry.
X. A magical chapter, of whose content those who doubt may likely believe what should be doubted, and those who believe may doubt what is perfectly true.
XI. Confirming the adage that happy beginnings tend to happy endings, and showing how Heaven will still preserve Virtue, even at the cost of working a miracle.
XII. Which relates the Happy Ending.
XIII. Wherein the Romancer takes courteous leave of the Three Gentle Readers.
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Footnotes:
[1] From which little place the lines as a whole take the name in history of "Lines of La Bassée."
[2] As is common in the history of military affairs, the advocates of either party present these confused movements before the lines of La Bassée upon the eve of the siege of Tournai in very different and indeed contradictory lights.
The classical work of Mr Fortescue, to which I must, here as elsewhere, render homage, will have the whole movement, from its inception, to be deliberately designed; no battle intended, the siege of Tournai to be the only real object of the allies.
The French apologists talk of quarrels between Eugene and Marlborough, take for granted a plan of assault against Villars, and represent the turning off of the army to the siege of Tournai as an afterthought. The truth, of course, is contained in both versions, and lies between the two. Eugene and Marlborough did intend a destructive assault upon Villars and his line, but they were early persuaded--especially by the reconnoitring of Cadogan--that the defensive skill of the French commander had proved formidable, and we may take it that the determination to besiege Tournai and to abandon an assault upon the main of the French forces had been reached at least as early as the 26th. There is no positive evidence, however, one way or the other, to decide these questions of motive. I rely upon no more than the probable intention of the men, to be deduced from their actions, and I do not believe that the Dutch would have had orders to move as early as they did unless Marlborough had decided--not later than the moment I have mentioned--to make Tournai the first objective of the campaign.
[3] Mr Fortescue in his work makes it the 23rd. I cannot conceive the basis for such an error. The whole story of the 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th is in the French archives, together with full details of the capitulation on the 29th and 30th.
[4] As usual, there is a contradiction in the records. The French record definitely ascribes the proposal to Marlborough. Marlborough, in a letter to his wife of 5th August, as definitely ascribes it to Surville; and there is no positive evidence one way or the other, though Louis' rejection of the terms and the ability of calculation and the character of the two men certainly make it more probable that Marlborough and not Surville was the author of the proposition.
[5] The dispute as to who was the author of the suggestion for an armistice is further illumined by this refusal on the part of the allies. The proposal to contain Tournai and yet to have free their vast forces in operation elsewhere, if a trifle crude, was certainly to their advantage, and as certainly to the disadvantage of the French.
[6] This excellent phrase is Mr Fortescue's.
[7] Technically the line of defence was forced, for the line of Trouille was but a continuation of the lines of La Bassée--Douai--Valenciennes. So far as strategical results were concerned, the withdrawal of Villars behind the forest barrier was equivalent to the reconstruction of new lines, and in the event the action of Malplaquet proved that new defensive position to be strong enough to prevent the invasion of France. On the other hand, there is little doubt that if Villars had been in a little more strength he would have elected to fight on the old lines and not behind the woods.
It must further be remarked that if the operations had not been prolonged as they were by the existence of the posts on the lines, notably at St Ghislain, the defensive position of the French would probably have been forced and their whole line broken as early as September 4th.
[8] It is remarkable that these two roads, which are the chief feature both of the landscape and the local military topography, and which are of course as straight as taut strings, are represented upon Mr Fortescue's map (vol. i. p. 424) as winding lanes, or, to speak more accurately, are not represented at all. In this perhaps the learned historian of the British army was misled by Coxe's atlas to Marlborough's campaign, a picturesque but grossly inaccurate compilation. The student who desires to study this action in detail will do well to consult the Belgian Ordnance Map on the scale of 1/40,000 contours at 5 metres, section Roisin, and the French General Staff Map, 1/80,000, section Maubeuge, south-western quarter; the action being fought exactly on the frontier between Belgium and France, both maps are necessary. For the general strategic position the French 1/200,000 in colours, sheet Maubeuge, and the adjoining sheet, Lille, are sufficient.
[9] The reader who may compare this account of Malplaquet with others will be the less confused if he remembers that the forest of Sars is called on that extremity nearest to the gap the wood of Blaregnies, and that this name is often extended, especially in English accounts, to the whole forest.
[10] These 9000 found at St Ghislain a belated post of 200 French, who surrendered. Someone had forgotten them.
[11] For the discussion of this see later on p. 75.
[12] They were commanded by Hamilton and Tullibardine. It is to be remarked that the command of the whole of the left of the Prince of Orange's force, though it was not half Scotch, was under the command of Hamilton and Douglas. The two regiments of Tullibardine and Hepburn were under the personal command of the Marquis of Tullibardine, the heir of Atholl.
[13] Nominally under Tilly, but practically under the young Royal commander.
[14] Villars, wounded and fainting with pain, had been taken from the field an hour or two before, and the whole command was now in the hands of Boufflers.
Transcriber's Notes:
Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.
The misprint "Schulenberg" has been corrected to "Schulemberg" (page 70).