CHAPTER XVII

RAMSAYE. Lib. cit.

LUCIEN BULL. _La Cinématographie._

Paris, 1928.

_Index_

A

Acres, Birt, 152, 154, 176.

After-images, 18, 45.

Aguilon, François d’, 46, 47, 109, 166.

Ailly, Pierre d’, 26.

Alberti, Leone Battista, 30, 31, 38, 41, 65, 165.

Albertus Magnus, St., 32, 164.

Alhambra Theatre, 153.

Alhazen, 13, 21–23, 26, 31, 161, 164.

Alkindi, 164.

Almeida, 172.

American Mutoscope (& Biograph) Company, 141, 158.

Amet, Edwin Hill, 176.

Angiers, 172.

Animatograph, 153.

Anorthoscope, 94, 96.

Anschütz, Ottomar, 126, 134, 139, 143, 146, 147, 154–156, 174, 176.

Appleton, 176.

Archer, Frederick Scott, 112, 116.

Archimedes, 13, 18–22, 39, 63, 77, 103, 161, 163.

Aristotle, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 32, 64, 161, 163.

Armat, Thomas, 11, 154–160, 176.

Arzonis, Pierro de, 40.

Averroës, 164.

Avias & Hoffman, 176.

Avicenna, 164.

B

Babbage, Charles, 84, 169.

Bacon, Roger, 23, 24–28, 32–34, 38, 45, 68, 161, 164.

Banks, Joseph, 84.

Barbaro, Daniello, 39, 41, 166.

Barberini, Francesco Cardinal, 10, 51, 57.

Baron, Auguste, 176.

Baxter & Wray, 176.

Bayard, Hippolyte, 170.

Beale, Lionel Smith, 172, 173.

Bedts, Rider de, 176.

Benedetti, Giovanni Battista, 39–41, 166.

Bets, 176.

Bial, Albert, 11. _See also_ Koster & Bial’s Music Hall.

Bio-Phantoscope, 141.

Biograph, 158.

Bioscope: Demeny’s, 145; Duboscq’s, 109; Foucauld’s, 172; Paul’s, 176.

Bjerknes, 124.

“Black Art.” _See_ Necromancy.

Blair Company, 153.

Bliss School of Electricity, 154.

Boethius, 164.

Bouly, Léon, 150.

Bourbouze, 121, 172.

Boyle, Robert, 167.

Brahe, Tycho, 43.

Brewster, David, 83, 169, 171.

Briggs, Caspar W., 112, 114, 173.

Brown, Arthur, 120.

Brown, F., 176.

Brown, O. B., 112, 113, 172.

Brun, 176.

Burning Glasses, 19–21, 63, 65, 103, 163.

C

Cagliostro, Alessandro conte di, 76.

Calotype. _See_ Talbot calotype process.

Camera: _See also_ Camera lucida _and_ Camera obscura; “battery system” (Muybridge-Isaacs), 120, 122, 126, 127, 173; motion picture, 116, 117, 125, 126, 129, 133, 136, 141, 150–153, 155, 157, 158, 174, 175, 176; portable, 45, 46, 143, 145, 146, 152, 167, 168; with microscope, 145; with projector, 142, 143.

_Camera lucida_, 30, 38, 39, 65, 167, 169. _See also_ Camera.

_Camera obscura_, 26, 29–31, 33–45, 53, 73, 107, 165, 166, 170. _See also_ Camera.

Carbutt, John, 133, 174.

Cardano, Girolamo, 20, 34, 35, 165.

Carpentier, Jules, 150, 176.

Case, Theodore, 160.

Casler, Herman, 157.

Cave of Font-de-Faune. _See_ Font-de-Faune, Cave of.

Cercle de Gymnastique Rationnelle, 125.

Cesariano, Cesare, 32–34, 165.

Chales, Claude François Milliet de, 58, 62, 64–66, 68, 69, 167.

Charles, Jacques Alexandre César, 168.

Cheri-Rousseau, 176.

Chevalier, Albert, 159.

Chicago World’s Fair. _See_ Expositions.

Chinese Shadow Plays. _See_ Shadow Plays.

Choreutoscope, 173.

Choreutoscope Tournant, 172.

Chronophotographe, 143.

Chronophotography, 116, 126, 174.

Cinématographe, 150–151, 175.

Cinematoscope, 154. _See also_ Kinematoscope.

Clarke, E. M., 170.

Claudet, Antoine François Jean, 110, 111, 171.

Clement & Gilmer, 176.

Collegio Romano, 9, 10, 46, 51, 59, 60, 63.

Color Perception, 88.

Color Photography, 117, 143, 157.

Color Printing, 117.

Color Projection. _See_ Projection.

Continsouza, Pierre Victor, 176.

Cook and Bonelli, 172.

Cotton States Exposition. _See_ Expositions.

Croft, W. C., 139, 175.

Crookes, 124.

Cruikshank, George, 81.

D

Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé, 106, 109, 141, 170.

Daguerreotype, 107, 108, 110.

D’Aguilon, François. _See_ Aguilon, François d’.

D’Ailly, Pierre. _See_ Ailly, Pierre d’.

Danti, E., 39.

Da Vinci, Leonardo. _See_ Vinci, Leonardo da.

Day, Wilfred, 144.

Dealers, commercial, 69, 102, 137, 158.

De Bedts, Rider. _See_ Bedts, Rider de.

De Chales, Claude François Milliet. _See_ Chales, Claude François Milliet de.

De Forest, Lee, 160.

Della Porta, Giovanni Battista. _See_ Porta, Giovanni Battista della.

Demeny, Georges, 125, 133, 139, 145, 146, 150, 176.

De Moland, Humbert. _See_ Moland, Humbert de.

Desvignes, Pierre Hubert, 171.

De Valesius, George. _See_ Valesius, George de.

Diaphragm, 39.

Dickson, Antonia, 137.

Dickson, William Kennedy Laurie, 133, 134, 136, 137, 157, 158, 174.

Disks: _See also_ Phénakisticope; glass, 128; magic, _see_ Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks; mica, 114; Plateau-Stampfer, _see_ Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks; revolving, _see_ Revolving Disks; zinc shutter, 128.

Disney, Walt, 14, 153.

Dom-Martin, 176.

Donisthorpe, Wordsworth, 130, 131, 139, 140, 146, 148, 152, 173, 175.

Drumont, 176.

Dry-plate Photography. _See_ Photography.

Duboscq, Jules, 109, 110, 170, 171.

Du Hauron, Louis Ducos, 117, 118, 172.

Duhousset, Col., 116.

Dumont, Thomas Hooman, 171.

Duval, Mathias, 116, 125.

E

Eames, Owen A., 176.

Eastman, George, 130, 134, 140, 150, 174, 175.

Edison, Thomas Alva, 12, 61, 102, 126, 128–138, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 154, 157–161, 173–175.

Edgeworth, Maria, 81.

Eidoloscope, 157.

Electrical Tachyscope, 127, 134, 139, 154–156, 174.

English Mirrors. _See_ Mirrors.

Euclid, 21, 163.

Euler, Leonhard, 168.

Evans, Mortimer, 139, 142, 148, 175.

Expositions: Chicago World’s Fair, 127, 136, 154; Cotton States, 155; Paris--1889, 128, 134; Works of All Nations, 108–110.

F

Fantascope, 78, 93, 94, 96, 109, 170. _See also_ Phantoscope _and_ Phénakisticope.

Faraday, Michael, 87, 91, 92, 94, 95, 109, 111, 170.

Film: _See also_ Eastman _and_ Goodwin; celluloid, 133, 142, 144, 147, 150, 172, 174; on spools or reels, 133, 148; painted, 147, 153; paper, 126, 132, 140, 174; perforated or notched, 133, 134, 145, 150; plastic, 134, 142, 150, 153, 157, 174; unperforated, 145, 158.

Fitton, William, 84, 169.

Flammarion, C., 116.

Fontaine, 129.

Font-de-Faune, Cave of, 14.

Forest, Lee de. _See_ De Forest, Lee.

Foucauld, Léon, 172.

Franklin, Benjamin, 74, 168.

Friese-Greene, William. _See_ Greene, William Friese.

G

Galen, 164.

Galileo, 45.

Gammon. _See_ Raff & Gammon.

Gaumont, Léon, 146, 150.

Gauthier, 176.

Geber, 164.

Geissler, Heinrich, 127.

Geissler tube. _See_ Projection Light Sources.

Georgiades, George, 138, 151.

Gilmore, W. E., 158.

Giovio, Benedetto, 33.

Glass Slides. _See_ Slides.

Glasses, Burning. _See_ Burning Glasses.

Goodwin, Hannibal Williston, 174, 175.

Gossart, A., 176.

Govi, 124.

Gravesande, Willem Jakob van’s. _See_ Van’s Gravesande, Willem Jakob.

Greene, William Friese, 139, 142–144, 148, 175.

Grey, 176.

Grimoin-Sanson, Raoul, 176.

Guinard, Pierre L., 168.

Gutenberg, 165.

Guyot, Jean Gilles, 71, 72, 75.

H

Hammond’s Teleview, 111.

Harris, Augustus, 153.

Harris, John, 167.

Hauron, Louis Ducos du. _See_ Du Hauron, Louis Ducos.

Hauslab, Field Marshall von, 99, 102.

Heliocinegraphe, 110.

Heliostat, 167.

Heliotypes, 169.

Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 124.

Herschel, John, 84, 169.

Heyl, Henry Renno, 112–114, 121, 172.

Holland, Andrew, M., 137.

Holland Bros., 151.

Hooke, Robert, 167.

Hopkins, Alfred, 130.

Hopwood, Cecil M., 176.

Horner, William George, 109, 170.

Howard, F., 176.

Hoxie, Charles A., 160.

Hughes, W. C., 176.

Hunt, Robert, 108.

Hunter, Rudolph Melville, 156.

Hyalotype, 108, 171.

Hyatt Company, 133, 153.

Hyatt, John Wesley, 172.

Hydrocarbon Lamp. _See_ Projection Light Sources.

I

Illusion of Motion. _See_ Motion, Illusion of.

Illusions, Optical, 63, 73.

Intermittent Movement. _See_ Movement, Intermittent.

Isaacs, John D., 118, 120, 173.

J

Jacob, Willem, 144.

Janssen, Pierre Jules César, 116, 125, 173.

Janssen, Zachary, 45.

Japanese Mirrors. _See_ Mirrors.

“Jazz Singer, The,” 160.

Jenkins, C. (Charles) Francis, 155, 156, 176.

Jennings, W. N., 143.

“J. M.”, 87, 169.

Joly, Henri, 176.

K

Kaleidophone, 169.

Kaleidoscope, 53, 83, 169.

Kaster, Captain, 84.

Keith’s Theatre, 151.

Kepler, Johannes, 43–46, 166.

Kesler, John Stephan, 60.

Kinematoscope, 112, 114, 172. _See also_ Cinematoscope.

Kineograph, 172.

Kineopticon, 154.

Kinesigraph, 131, 139, 173.

Kinetic Lantern, 154.

Kinetograph, 130, 133, 135–138, 149, 175.

Kinetophonograph, 137, 138.

Kinetoscope, 130, 133, 137, 151, 155, 156, 158, 159, 175.

Kinetoscope Exhibition Company, 156.

Kinetoscope Parlor, 137.

Kingston-on-Thames Museum, 128.

Kircher, Athanasius, 9–12, 20, 46, 48–80, 85, 101, 102, 104, 161, 166, 171.

KMCD Syndicate, 157.

Koopman, E. B., 157.

Koster & Bial’s Music Hall, 11, 158, 159, 176.

Kunckelius, J., 68.

L

Laing, James, 172.

Lambda Company, 157.

Lamposcope, 124, 174.

Langenheim Brothers, 106–112, 114, 161, 171, 173.

Langenheim, Frederic, 106–108, 112, 171. _See also_ Langenheim Brothers.

Langenheim, William, 106, 107, 112, 171. _See also_ Langenheim Brothers.

Langenmantel, Jerome, 59, 67.

Langley, Samuel P., 145.

Langlois, 172.

Lanterns. _See_ Kinetic Lantern, Magic Lantern, Megalographica Lantern, _and_ Thaumaturga Lantern.

Latham, Grey, 156, 176.

Latham, Otway, 156, 176.

Latham, Woodville, 156–158, 176.

Lauste, Eugène, 157.

Lee, 172.

Lenses, 39, 54, 63, 65–67, 69, 70, 75, 100, 101, 108, 112, 141, 144, 155, 166–167.

Le Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin, 139, 141, 174.

Levison, Wallace Goold, 143.

Libri, Guillaume, 34.

Liesegang, Paul E., 147.

Linnett, 172.

Lucretius, 96, 97, 163.

Lumière, Auguste, 150, 175.

Lumière Bros., 149, 150, 175.

Lumière, Louis, 149, 150, 158, 175.

M

Maddox, R. L., 116.

Madou, 92.

Magascope, 168.

Magic Disks. _See_ Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks.

Magic Lantern: 9, 11, 48–69, 84, 98, 107, 108, 136, 147, 150, 166, 171, 173; Motion effects: _See_ Chapters VIII _and_ IX.

Magnifying glass, 15, 163.

Maguire & Baucus, 176.

Maltese Cross Gear System, 153, 155, 172.

Marey, Etienne Jules, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121–129, 133, 134, 137, 139, 143–145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 161, 173–175.

Mariro, Bruono, 33.

Marischelle, H., 146.

Marvin, Henry Norton, 157.

Mason, Joe, 141.

Maurolico (Maurolycus), Francesco, 32, 33, 165.

Maxwell, James Clerk, 173.

Megalographica Lantern, 67.

Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest, 123, 128, 174.

Melies, Georges, 176.

Mendel, 176.

Messager, 176.

Microscope, 15, 25, 32, 67, 168, 172.

Mirrors: 39, 40, 53, 104, 108, 164; English, 16, 17, 163; Japanese, 16, 163.

Mohr, Nicholas, 63.

Moigno, Abbé François Napoléon Marie, 96, 110, 170.

Moissant, Charles, 150.

Moland, Humbert de, 172.

Molteni, A., 172.

Molyneux, William, 62, 68, 69, 167.

Mortier, 176.

Motion Color Photography, 143.

Motion, Illusion of, 14, 18, 21, 26, 45, 73, 89–97, 100–114.

Motion Photography, 116–125, 128, 132, 143, 146, 147.

Motion Projection: _See_ Projection.

Motorscope, 172.

Movement, Intermittent, 113, 116, 150, 153, 155, 172, 173. _See also_ Marey _and_ Muybridge.

Müller, Johann, 170.

Muggeridge, Edward James: _See_ Muybridge, Eadweard.

Multiple Lenses: _See_ Lenses.

Musschenbroek, Pieter van, 70–74, 76, 77, 161, 168.

Mutograph, 157, 158.

Mutoscope, 157, 158.

Muybridge, Eadweard, 118–128, 137, 142, 147, 161, 173, 174.

N

Natural Camera: _See_ Camera Obscura.

Necromancy, 9, 10, 28, 56, 75, 76, 114, 164. _See also_ Phantasmagoria.

Newman & Guardia, 176.

Newnes, George, 140.

Newsreel, first, 151.

Niceron, Jean Pierre, 166.

Nicholas of Cusa, 165.

Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore, 169, 170.

Noakes & Norman, 176.

Nollet, Abbé, 71, 73, 74, 168.

O

Olympia Theatre, 153.

Optical Illusions: _See_ Illusions, Optical.

Ott, Fred, 136, 137.

Ottway, 176.

P

Pantograph, 46.

Pantoptikon, 157.

Panuce: _See_ Papnutio, Benedettano Don.

Papnutio, Benedettano Don, 33, 34, 165.

Paris, John Ayrton, 80–84, 161, 169.

Parnaland, Ambrose Francis, 176.

Parkes, Alexander, 172.

Pathé, Charles, 153.

Paul, Robert William, 151–154, 158, 176.

Peacock, Thomas Love, 81.

Peckham, John, 33, 165.

Peep-show machine, Edison’s, 96, 134, 138, 139, 149, 154, 155.

Perret & Lacroix, 176.

Persistence of vision, 18, 21, 22, 38, 80, 82, 83, 85–87, 94, 97, 163, 164, 169.

Phantasmagoria, 75–79, 114, 152, 168. _See also_ Necromancy.

Phantoscope, 78, 155. _See also_ Fantascope.

Phasmatrope, 113, 114.

Phénakisticope, 92–94, 96, 97, 109, 170. _See also_ Fantascope.

Phonetic Kaleidoscope, 169.

Phonograph, 130–132, 140, 146, 154, 159, 173, 174.

Photo-gun, 116, 122, 125, 145, 173.

Photobioscope, 172.

Photograph projection, 105–114, 121, 134, 142.

Photographic Pellicle, 174.

Photography: color, _see_ Color Photography; dry plate, 116; motion, _see_ Motion Photography; motion color, _see_ Motion Color Photography; wet plate, 112, 120.

Photophone, 146.

Photoscope, 146.

Physiological Park, Marey’s, 125.

Pipon, 176.

Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand, 85–97, 102, 104, 109, 115, 122, 130, 161, 170.

Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks, 93–96, 98–100, 108–110, 113, 116, 121, 123, 126, 128, 137, 142, 170, 171, 173.

Pliny, 32, 163.

Porta, Giovanni Battista della, 36–45, 47, 48, 148, 161, 166.

Praxinoscope, 124, 147, 174.

Prestwich, 176.

Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin Le: _See_ Le Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin.

Projection: color, 66, 69, 96, 101, 153, 159; motion, 68, 70–75, 89, 92, 98, 102, 109, 112, 117, 121, 127, 128, 130, 136, 139, 140, 149, 152, 171–176; photograph, _see_ Photograph Projection; slide, _see_ Slide Projection; film, _see_ Film; light sources, _see_ Projection Light Sources; rear, 148; screen, 10, 11, 40, 92, 98, 104, 121, 123, 132, 134, 147, 148, 154–159, 176; three-dimensional, 65, 109–111.

Projection Lenses: _See_ Lenses.

Projection Light Sources: candle, 54; electric arc, 144; gas lamp, 108, 169; Geissler tube, 127, 128, 147, 174; hydrocarbon lamp, 99; oxyhydrogen light, 101, 146, 171; sun, 55, 144, 167, 175; table lamp, 67, 73, 124.

Projection of Motion: _See_ Projection.

Projectors: 15, 104, 129, 139, 149, 163–176; Acres, 154; Anschütz, 146, 147; Armat-Edison, 158–160; Armat-Jenkins, 155, 158; Chales, de, 65; Demeny, 146; Edison, 135–137; _see also_ Vitascope; Gaumont, 146; Greene, 143; Greene-Rudge, 142, 175; Heyl, 113; _see also_ Phasmatrope; Jenkins; _see_ Armat-Jenkins; Kircher, 53–55, 59; _see also_ Magic Lantern; Latham, 157; Le Prince, 141; Lumière, 150, 151; Marey, 144, 145; Muybridge, 128; _see also_ Zoopraxiscope; Paul, 152, 153; Reynaud, 123, 147, 148; _see also_ Praxinoscope; Rudge, 141, 142; Schott, 63; Uchatius, 100–102; Zahn, 67.

Prokesch, W., 102.

Proszynski, 176.

Ptolemy, 21, 22, 26, 164.

Q

Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques, 86, 89, 92.

Quinetoscope, 112, 171.

R

Raff & Gammon, 137, 158, 159.

Radio City Music Hall, 66.

Rear Projection: _See_ Projection.

Reinhold, Erasmus, 165.

Reville, 172.

Revolving disks, 59, 67, 70, 89, 92, 93, 96, 100, 116, 121.

Reynaud, Emile, 79, 123, 139, 147, 173–175.

Riley, 176.

Ritchie, William, 169.

Robert, Etienne Gaspard: _See_ Robertson, Etienne Gaspard.

Robertson, Etienne Gaspard, 77–79, 168.

Roger, Peter Mark, 86, 87, 94, 95, 169.

Roman College: _See_ Collegio Romano.

Rotating lenses: _See_ Lenses.

Rowe, 176.

Rudge, John Arthur Roebuck, 139, 141–143, 148, 175.

S

Sallé & Mazo, 176.

Salle au Grand-Café, 151.

Sanson, Raoul Grimoin: _See_ Grimoin-Sanson, Raoul.

Scheele, Carl William, 168.

Scheiner, Christopher, 45, 46, 166.

Schemer, 67.

Schott, Gaspar, 62–64, 66, 67, 69, 166.

Schultze, Johann Heinrich, 167, 168.

Screen Projection: _See_ Projection.

Seely, 172.

Sellers, Coleman, 111, 112, 114, 172.

Seneca, 163.

Sequin, 171, 173.

Seraphin, François, 76, 168.

Shadow Plays, 13, 16, 76, 77, 148, 163, 168.

Shaw, William Thomas, 171.

Showmanship, 15, 16, 36–42, 58, 67, 68, 72, 73, 76–79, 123, 168.

Shutters, 96, 111, 113, 116, 121, 124, 135.

Silver, 163.

Silver chloride, 168.

Silver nitrate, 164, 168, 169.

Sinsteden, Dr., 96, 97.

Skladanowski, Max, 176.

Slide Projection, 48–79, 85–114.

Slides: painted, 68, 69, 100, 104, 110, 124; photographic: _See_ Photograph projection.

Snell, Ebenezer Strong, 106, 170.

Snell, Willebrord, 166.

Soleil, François, 110, 170.

Sound Motion Pictures, 131, 132, 134–138, 159, 160.

Sources of Light: _See_ Projection Light Sources.

Spaĉil, Karl, 104.

Stampfer, Simon Ritter von, 85, 93–95, 170. _See also_ Plateau-Stampfer magic disks.

Stanford, Leland, 118–122.

Stereofantascope, 109, 172.

Stereopticon, 136.

Stereoscope, 67, 109, 111, 170–172.

Stereoscope Cosmorama Exhibit, 111.

Stereostrope, 172.

Stillman, J. D. B, 119, 120.

Story, A. T., 143.

Stroboscope, 88, 93, 94, 170.

T

Tachyscope: _See_ Electrical Tachyscope.

Talbot calotype process, 107.

Talbot, William Henry Fox, 106, 107, 133, 142, 170.

Talking Pictures: _See_ Sound Motion Pictures.

Tanera, A. D., 147.

Telescope, 15, 25, 26, 41, 45, 53, 63, 65, 67.

Teleview, Hammond’s: _See_ Hammond’s Teleview.

Television, 156.

Thaumatrope, 80, 89, 94, 142, 157, 169, 172.

Thaumaturga Lantern, 67.

Théâtre Optique, 147, 157, 175.

Théâtre Robert Houdin, 79.

Theatrograph, 153.

Thirion, Catherine, 85.

Thompson, Silvanus, 153.

Thuringopolonus: _See_ Witelo.

Tissandier, Gaston, 121, 124.

Trajedis, George, 138, 151.

U

Uchatius bronze, 98, 103.

Uchatius, Franz von, 68, 98–105, 108, 112, 117, 121, 142, 152, 161, 171, 172, 174.

V

Valesius, George de, 60.

Van Musschenbroek, Pieter: _See_ Musschenbroek, Pieter van.

Van’s Gravesande, Willem Jakob, 167.

Varley, John, 143.

Vassel, Eugene, 122.

Vinci, Leonardo da, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 43, 44, 69, 161, 165.

Vision, Persistence of: _See_ Persistence of Vision.

Vitascope, 11, 158–160.

Von Hauslab, Field Marshall: _See_ Hauslab, Field Marshall von.

Von Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand: _See_ Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von.

Von Stampfer, Simon Ritter: _See_ Stampfer, Simon Ritter von.

W

Walgenstein, Thomas, 58, 66, 69, 150, 167.

Warner, Albert, 160.

Warner Bros., 160

Warner, Harry, 160.

Warner, Jack, 160.

Warner, Sam, 160.

Wattson, 176.

Wedgwood, Tom, 168.

Wells, H. G., 152.

Werner, 138, 149, 176.

Wet-plate photography: _See_ Photography.

Wheatstone, Charles, 109, 110, 169–171.

Wheel of Life, 108, 116, 122, 129, 173. _See also_ Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks.

Wheel phenomenon, 86, 87, 91, 92, 169.

Whirling Top, 70, 74.

Winter Garden Theatre, 160.

Witelo (Thuringopolonus), 43, 164.

Wolff, Phillip, 176.

Wollaston, William Hyde, 84, 169.

Wotton, Henry, 166.

Y

Yarwell, John, 69.

Z

Zahn, Johann, 62, 66–69, 101, 167.

Zion, 176.

Zoetrope, 113, 126, 137, 172.

Zoopraxinographoscope, 124.

Zoopraxiscope, 124, 174.

Zoopraxographical Hall, 127.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Accent marks on non-English words were not checked systematically for errors.

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