CHAPTER XVIII

THE ABBESS OF GIF

“... a Soul whose master-bias leans To homefelt pleasures and to gentle scenes.”—Wordsworth.

“_La vieillesse ... cet âge heureux où l’on n’est plus qu’amie, mère et grand’mère._”—Juliette Adam, _Souvenirs_, III. 211.

The editing of _La Nouvelle Revue_ had, as we have seen, revolutionised Mme. Adam’s life. It had put an end to her salon and to her Mémoires. It had also prevented her from wintering in the South of France. Only at rare intervals could she find time to spend a few weeks at her beloved Bruyères. As time went on and as family, as well as business, ties multiplied in the north, Bruyères was more and more neglected, then entirely forsaken, and finally sold.

Now, in order to be near her work, and also to be near her daughter and her daughter’s children, she exchanged her villa on Le Golfe Juan for a picturesque country house, L’Abbaye de Gif, in Seine et Oise. This new abode is but an hour’s train journey from Paris. It also borders on the lands of that famous convent, Port Royal des Champs. With the spirit of the great Port Royalists, of Pascal and of Racine, Mme. Adam communes as she writes. It was in the Abbey of Gif that some of the nuns from Port Royal took refuge when their settlement was broken up and their lands confiscated by Louis-Quatorze. Now the present Abbess of Gif, as her friends like to call Mme. Adam, sitting up in her Abbey tower far on into the night, watching the white mist rising from the valley, beholds in it forms which seem to her the sisters of Old France beckoning _la grande Française_ away from her early paganism.

It would be difficult to imagine surroundings more essentially French than those amidst which Juliette Adam spends the evening of her days. High above the large and commodious house, with its spacious salon, filled with memorials of its mistress’s travels, rise in the park the ruins of the Abbey refectory and chapel. The ivy which covers them our Abbess, who has ever been an enthusiastic gardener, tenderly trims with her own hand, despite her fourscore years. Gradually, under her direction, new portions of the ruins are being excavated. Every time one visits Gif one finds some fresh part of the Abbey has been unearthed. Each stone as it is dug up Mme. Adam reveres as a relic of _le Grand Siècle_. There is not one of those mute memorials of past glory which Mme. Adam’s vivid Gallic imagination does not invest with some special physiognomy; this is like Juno’s sacred owl, that bears the semblance of a Gorgon. “And is not this the image of _le Père Eternel_?” she said to me, pointing to a rocky fragment in the centre of her _bois sacré_. I, alas! was afflicted with blindness. I was as dull of comprehension as the mother of the little boy who, asking her son what he was drawing and being told it was God, answered, “But no one knows what He is like,” and was promptly crushed by the answer, “When I have finished they will know.”

In this beautiful country home Mme. Adam practises with a success no less signal than that of her old friend, Victor Hugo, the art of being a grandparent.

Her daughter Alice had married in February 1873 a brilliant young medical student, Paul Segond, who became one of the leaders of the medical profession in France.[388] “Do not marry your daughter into a circle too political,” had been George Sand’s advice. But George Sand’s young friend “Topaz” had married herself; for her mother had suffered too much from a _mariage de convenance_ to wish to impose one on her daughter. Though the bridegroom was no politician, his mother-in-law’s political fervour could not refrain from introducing into the wedding ceremony a political significance. The chief witnesses who signed the marriage register were Louis Blanc, the leader of the old Republicans, and Gambetta, the leader of the new. At the ball in the evening the appearance of the ex-Mayoress of the conquered town of Mulhouse, Mme. Koechlin-Schwartz, wearing in her white hair a tricolour cockade, reminded the guests of the national defeat and of _la Revanche_. The ex-Mayoress was escorted by her husband the Mayor, whom the Prussians had two years before held as a hostage.

A few weeks before the wedding George Sand, in her New Year’s letter to Juliette Adam, had written: “Who knows whether the year which opens to-morrow may not make you a grandmother?”[389]

“_C’est aller vite_,” exclaimed her friend. “My daughter will be married in February. But if the year does not bring me the joy of being a grandmother, it may give me the hope of being one. In any case, it will make me the mother of a big son, my daughter’s husband. To have children by my two children! Ah! I should go mad with joy. No persons in the world have I envied so much as Mme. Sand and Mme. Dorian, who are grandmothers. And I, who am much younger than they, I shall see my granddaughters marry and I shall become a great-grandmother. _Ah! les superbes chaines enchainantes que celles de la famille!_ And to think that there are those who would break them! _Les malheureux et les misérables!_”

Things did not move quite so quickly as George Sand had anticipated. Three years elapsed before Juliette Adam, at the age of forty, could revel in the raptures of grandmotherhood, before she could place in the _adorable Moise_, the gift of George Sand, Alice’s wee daughter, Pauline. Mme. Sand sent with the cradle a long letter of advice as to the conduct of a grandmother. Juliette had her own views on that subject: on the day of Pauline’s birth she began to powder her hair and to wish henceforth to be taken not so much for a woman of charm as for _une femme de valeur_.

“At what age did you first begin to love your grandchildren?” asked Victor Hugo, during one of their long talks on the mysteries of grandparentage.

“I loved my first little granddaughter passionately from the very first,” Mme. Adam replied; “as soon as I received her in my apron.”

“Ah! What blessed privileges you grandmothers enjoy!” sighed the mere grandfather. “You who can receive new-born infants in your apron!”[390]

Mme. Adam’s one regret as a grandmother is that her three granddaughters did not marry earlier. Had they only taken to themselves husbands at her own early age, she would by now have been a great-great as well as a great-grandmother.

Nevertheless, it is a numerous _petit monde_ which flocks out to Gif in the Easter and summer holidays to play round the palm-tree from Pierre Loti’s garden in the south, to act charades in the rustic theatre, to partake of _goûter_ in the cabaret with its quaintly frescoed walls, and to awake with their merry laughter the shades of those gay damsels of _la Vieille France_, Mlle. de Sévigné and Mlle. Marie Racine, who in the days of _le Grand Monarque_ were educated within the Abbey walls.

“_Ah! que c’est beau, que c’est Français_,” we exclaim with an eminent French artist, as we gaze down from the terrace of Gif over the broad, fertile valley, with its white ribbon of a road winding up from the little railway station, to the low distant hills fringed with those graceful, feathery trees which Corot loved to paint. Here, at the arched Abbey gate, stands the Abbess herself, receiving her guests with the stateliness of _une grande dame_, a winning smile lighting up her grey eyes and illuminating her clear-cut features.

Mme. Adam has never been one who could completely cut herself off from Paris. Though she seldom goes to Paris now, Paris comes to her. And in her salon at Gif she keeps alive _cette causerie française_, which, alas! tends to disappear from the salons of the metropolis. In the hurly-burly of modern life that leisurely talk which alone, writes Mme. Adam, _entretient les vitalités de notre esprit_ grows more and more impossible. Before the war conversation was already a lost art. “When I begin to talk in a modern drawing-room,” says Mme. Adam, “I am told to be silent because I am interrupting a game of bridge, or because some one is going to dance the tango.” And even on those rare occasions when conversation was permitted, it was found that the dull weight of the Germanic spirit, then permeating French intellectual society, had extinguished the sparkle of French talk, had blunted the rapier of French irony. The professor with his monologue had insinuated himself into French drawing-rooms, silencing those scintillating interruptions, forbidding the smart give-and-take of brilliant repartee. “We are told,” protests Mme. Adam, “that our conversation is not _documenté_.”

_La causerie française_, banished from the salon, was taking refuge in the club and the café. Has not Mme. Adam’s own _fils adoptif_, Léon Daudet, lately written:[391] “_Le café est l’école de la franchise et de la drôlerie spontanée, tandis que le salon est en général l’école du poncif et de la mode imbécile_”?

But of Mme. Adam’s salon Daudet makes a notable exception. Of the Sunday and Tuesday afternoons at Gif he has painted a vivid picture,[392] to which may be added not a few interesting features. While of yore to the Sundays and Tuesdays of Gif Paris came by carriage or train, to-day it comes by automobile. Motorists have everything made easy for them: they are provided with a clear road-plan printed on a neat little card indicating the route from the Suresne Gate of the Bois de Boulogne as far as the spot where, but a few miles from their destination, friendly sign-posts begin to point _à l’Abbaye de Gif_. Before the war, on fine Sunday afternoons, on the terrace of Gif, might be found assembled sometimes as many as fifty persons, Royalists and Republicans, generals and admirals, bishops and deputies, academicians and journalists, among whose conflicting opinions their hostess’s tact and cordiality contrived to keep the peace in a marvellous manner.

With a merry laugh as gay as the blue sky of France, she would set to play together or to act in a charade journalists and authors who but a few days before had been at loggerheads. To Judet of _L’Eclair_ she would give the opportunity of being revenged at skittles on his antagonist, that abusive Léon Daudet who in _L’Action Française_ was given to denouncing him as _ce vain colosse_, “outvying in foppishness the goose and the peacock.” She would compel Maurice Barrès to disguise his boredom as he listened to the latest lucubration of his aged fellow-academician, Jean Aicard. She would severely lecture Paul Bourget on the looseness of that unacademical expression _cependant que_. She would dispel the melancholy of the author of _Fantôme d’Orient_ and _Fleurs d’Ennui_ until, like the gayest of butterflies, he disported himself in the sunshine of her presence. And then, with a wave of her wand, she would summon the whole company to her theatre to help in devising a charade which should render that impossible word _autobus_ set by la Duchesse d’Uzès.

In the quietude of week-days at Gif, and after she had retired from _La Nouvelle Revue_ in 1899, Mme. Adam found time to review the varied episodes of her romantic life, to sort her old papers, to fix her recollections of persons, things and movements, and to arrange and publish them in seven volumes of _Souvenirs_, which appeared at intervals between 1902 and 1910.[393]

“It may be well,” she writes in her Preface to the first volume, “to fix a departing age before the eyes of those who are hurrying towards an age which is dawning. It is the pleasure and the privilege of old people to tell of yesterday’s happenings, especially if they do not insist upon the superiority of and perpetually draw a moral from that which has disappeared.”

Juliette Adam had from an early age cultivated the excellent habit of keeping a diary, and making notes of the interesting conversations she heard while they were fresh in her memory.[394] Sometimes, in order to make sure of their accuracy, she would revise these notes with friends present on the same occasions. One of her volumes of _Souvenirs_, _Mes Illusions et nos Souffrances pendant le siège de Paris_, had appeared earlier, in 1871, first as a serial in the newspaper _Le Rappel_, and later in volume, with the title _Journal du Siège_. This part of her diary, originally intended for her daughter, had a great success. When it was appearing in _Le Rappel_, Mme. Adam’s life-long friend, Henri de Rochefort, was undergoing imprisonment for the part he had played in the Commune. He wrote to her from his prison:[395] “The success of your _Siège de Paris_ here is insupportable. Every one tries to steal my newspaper, and I do nothing but endeavour to recover it. Some of our convicts are actually copying the serial. After the next amnesty you will have the greatest difficulty in the world in escaping nomination as candidate for the chamber of deputies. So exactly have you photographed the physiognomy of Paris that every day, as I read you, I discover things which I had entirely forgotten, and which I see again as I did when they were happening.”

Mme. Adam had distinguished herself among her fellow-countrywomen by the foundation and brilliant editing of _La Nouvelle Revue_. Now in these seven volumes of recollections, written in a forcible and dramatic style, stamped each one with the hall-mark of sincerity, virility and passionate patriotism, she stood out above all other Frenchwomen. That such striking volumes should create a sensation, that they should cause antagonism as well as admiration, was inevitable.

Ardent republicans of the Gambettist school accused Mme. Adam of injustice towards one who had once been her idol and her friend. A fellow-nationalist, M. Henri Galli, wrote a book, _Gambetta et Alsace Lorraine_, with the set purpose of proving that Gambetta had not, as Mme. Adam declared, abandoned the policy of _la Revanche_. The only answer to such a contention is that Gambetta was an opportunist, and that passages from his speeches may be quoted to prove the correctness of both Mme. Adam’s and M. Galli’s points of view. To those who accuse Mme. Adam of having vilified and belittled the Great Tribune, we may reply that she passed over many things, revealing only those matters of his private life which were intimately connected with his public career. Against the attacks made upon her, the author of _Mes Souvenirs_ defended herself ably in the columns of the _Figaro_ and the _Gaulois_.

The most serious of the charges brought against Mme. Adam is that of being _un génie démolisseur_. To those who make this accusation we would reply that it reveals a complete misunderstanding of Mme. Adam’s mind and temperament. It is true that her recollections show _la grande Française_ to be also _la grande Désabusée_, disappointed with the imperfect realisation of those high republican ideals held up before her youthful mind by her revolutionary father and his comrades of 1848. But that one in whom hopefulness and optimism had ever predominated should now give way to despair, that one so passionately patriotic should ever completely lose faith in _la patrie_, is impossible.

Even in the days when she saw, to her sorrow, _la patrie_ forgetting _la Revanche_ and pursuing what seemed to her the disastrous dream of colonial dominion, she could still write: “_L’esprit ailé de l’avenir s’est posé aux confins de notre horizon; il nous apparaît là-bas, là bas, mais clairement_.”[396] M. Léon Daudet believes that her great strength, _sa principale force_, resides in the fact that she has never despaired.[397]

In the most desperate of situations she is always convinced that _il y a toujours dans un coin une petite chance que l’on n’a pas entrevue_. And what is this _petite chance dans un coin_ which, when the war is over and Frenchmen have time to think about domestic politics, Mme. Adam believes may deliver _la patrie_ from the evils of political corruption and maladministration, the existence of which cannot be denied by the most fervent admirers of France? Mme. Adam’s opinion is that these serious flaws in the body politic proceed largely from over-centralisation.

With her fellow-nationalist, Charles Maurras,[398] Mme. Adam advocates decentralisation. She would like to see the revival of the old provincial assemblies. When, in Alsace, France comes into her own again, might not that ancient institution, the Alsatian Landschutz, respected by the autocratic Louis XIV and even to a certain extent by the despotic German, serve as a model for similar assemblies throughout the French provinces? Thus might provincial France be delivered from the octopus of Paris.

Enthusiastic for “her Paris” as Mme. Adam has ever been, she nevertheless realises that the hereditary virtues of France are best exemplified in the provinces. With the literary movement of “regionalism” initiated by Taine, continued by Mistral and Maurice Barrès, she has ever sympathised. Her own early novels are redolent with the breath of her native Picardy, her later books with the spirit of that gay Provence which is the land of her adoption.

We in England, with our age-long experience of local government, are only too well aware of its drawbacks. But institutions work differently in different countries. And there is no doubt that the over-centralisation of French administration does aggravate the evils of bureaucracy. Of the multiplicity of petty officials Mme. Adam constantly complains in her _Souvenirs_. Would they be reduced if another of her favourite schemes were carried out? With René Bazin,[399] with her dead hero Skobeleff,[400] and other conservative reformers, she would like to see parliamentary government replaced by an assembly elected separately by and representing the various interests of the different classes, professions and trades throughout the country.

From such an assembly Mme. Adam would not exclude women. All her life, from the days when she wrote her first book[401] to champion George Sand and Daniel Stern, she has been an ardent feminist. In response to my inquiry as to whether she has in any way modified her feminist principles, she writes—

“_Callian Var_, “28.xi.16.

“No, I am no less feminist than in the beginning. I have merely proved as editor for twenty years of an important review ... that a woman may be something besides a housekeeper and a _courtisan_.[402] I am not a suffragette, because I am an anti-parliamentarian. I desire to see great professional councils, of which, without any alteration in the law, women in France may become members. We have women bankers, women farmers and women traders. A great national council, composed not of the favourites of the licensed victuallers, but of men chosen by provincial councils and of exceptional women, would not present the lamentable spectacle offered by the parliaments of to-day.

“After the war we shall see so many widows, sonless mothers, taking the places of those who are dead. Woman, alas! will have paid dearly for the place to which she has a right, the place which she occupied in the great school of Alexandria and during the Renaissance.”

Among the numerous organisations with which Mme. Adam has associated herself since the war is that excellent movement _La Croisade des Femmes Françaises_, the object of which is to deny the calumnies circulated by Germans against Frenchwomen, and intended to prove that the typical woman of France is not, as Teutons have asserted, “a doll without morals, without heart, without courage, a creature of mere coquetry, an instrument of perdition.” It was in the early months of the war that this crusade was initiated. Since then it has been rendered superfluous by the heroism, the endurance, the marvellous adaptability of our French sisters, which, eliciting the admiration of the whole world, has proved them veritable queens of womanhood.

Mme. Adam herself, despite her eighty years, engages valiantly in war work, toiling unceasingly in aid of those who have suffered from Teutonic violence. One of the works of mercy which is nearest to her heart is the voluntary effort she has initiated for the provision of a home and sustenance for those warriors of France who have suffered permanent disablement in the defence of their country. For the housing of these heroes Mme. Adam’s friend, le Comte de Rohan Chabot, has placed at her disposal his beautiful château of Vavey, at St. Jean-le-Vieux in the Department of Aisne. The fees Mme. Adam receives for her numerous articles on the international situation, which are now appearing throughout Europe, she consecrates to the prosecution of this good work, in which she is supported by the generals, whom she is proud to call her _Fils d’Adoption_—General Nivelle, Ex-Commander-in-Chief, General Lyautey, ex-Minister of War, General Marchand of Fashoda fame, Admiral Fournier, Commandant Viaud (Pierre Loti), and many others.

Pages would not suffice to describe all of Mme. Adam’s war activities. One might note in passing her gratification when certain artillerymen of the 21st Army Corps serving at the front had the happy idea of christening with her name, “Juliette Lamber,” one of their guns on the spot where the first Frenchman was killed in the war. Many a distinction has been conferred upon her in her long life. She has been godmother to a newly observed star, a Paris street has been called by her name. But none of these honours has pleased her like this homage rendered to _la grande Française_ by a few brave gunners; not by the officers, she is proud to remark, but by _les servants_, _les poilus_.

Marvellous as are her activities, especially for a woman of her years, it is even more by her spirit than by her deeds that Juliette Adam deserves well of her country. For forty-four years she has seen this war coming—she foresaw even the route of the invading forces, maintaining always that they would march through Belgium. She has realised how German aggressiveness “was placing the peace of Europe at the mercy of an incident.” But she has never for a moment doubted that when the struggle came _la patrie_ would be triumphant. With Gambetta she has always believed that, however dark might be _la patrie’s_ horizon, the spirit of France could not be overcast for ever. For this apostle of _l’idée française_ has never failed to read aright the history of her noble land, to behold in it the country of reawakenings and resurrections.

There is hardly a family in France to which the war has not brought the sorrow of bereavement. Mme. Adam’s family is no exception. Lieutenant Madier, her youngest granddaughter’s husband, fell in the Battle of the Marne. He alone of all the officers of his battalion remained alive, when he was seriously wounded in the knee. Refusing to allow his men to bear him to a place of safety, he endeavoured to rise. “I am the only one left,” he cried. “Forward!” Barely had he uttered the word when a shell shattered the dwelling-place of this brave spirit.

Despite the unspeakable sufferings of France, despite her personal sorrows, she whom Gambetta used to call _Madame Intégrale_ has ever flouted the remotest suggestion of a premature peace. When some of the women of the allied countries consented to go to the Hague, there to confer with the women of Germany, Mme. Adam addressed to them in the columns of the _Figaro_ a stern rebuke, explaining at the same time how impossible it was for any Frenchwoman so much as to entertain the idea of taking part in such a conference. The heroic endurance, the unflinching faith of this stalwart woman animated the victors of the Marne, the defenders of Verdun. Now in this, the third year of the war, she is convinced that ultimate triumph cannot long be delayed. “1917,” exclaims _la grande Française_, “’71 reversed. That blessed date rings like the joy-bells of victory in my old veteran’s ears.”

THE END

FOOTNOTES:

[388] _Souvenirs_, V. 159.

[389] _Souvenirs_, V. 365.

[390] _Ibid._, VII. 79.

[391] _Salons et Journaux_ (1917).

[392] _L’Entre-deux-Guerres_ (1915).

[393] Vol. I. Le Roman de mon Enfance et de ma Jeunesse. ” II. _Mes Premières Armes Littéraires et Politiques._ ” III. _Mes Sentiments et nos Idées avant 1870._ ” IV. _Mes Illusions et nos Souffrances pendant le siège de Paris._ ” V. _Mes Angoisses et nos Luttes_, 1871-3. ” VI. _Nos Amitiés Politiques avant l’Abandon de la Revanche._ ” VII. _Après l’Abandon de la Revanche._

[394] _Souvenirs_, I. 150; II. 264.

[395] _Ibid._, V. 334.

[396] _L’Heure Vengeresse des Crimes Bismarckiens._

[397] _Op. cit._, 237.

[398] See his _Étang de Berre_ (1915), _passim_.

[399] See his article “Crise de Metier,” _Echo de Paris_, 17 Dec. 1916.

[400] _Cambridge Modern History_, XII. 313.

[401] _Idées Anti-Prudhoniennes_, 1858, see _ante_, 51-61.

[402] That she must be one of the two Proudhon had contended in _La Justice_.

INDEX

Abbaye-aux-Bois, 63

Abdul-Hakk, 217

About, Edmond, 56, 167, 220

Achates, 199

Adam, Edmond, 98, 99, 103, 104-119, 123, 127, 128, 130, 133-136, 141-143 Prefect of Police, 145-152, 159, 162-166, 172-179, 184, 192, 197, 214, 216 Death of, 183, 199, 206, 207, 213, 231

Adam, Juliette, Anti-Parliamentarianism, 244 Birth, vi, 4 British statesmen, opinions of—Bright, 227 Chamberlain, 234 Disraeli, 227 Gladstone, 227, 233 Rosebery, Lord, 234 Salisbury, Lord, 227 Builds Villa Bruyères, 95. _See also_ Bruyères Daughter. _See_ Lamessine, Alice Decentralisation, advocate of, 243 Feminism, advocate of, 244 Foreign Politics, Views of—Berlin Congress. _See_ Berlin Bulgaria, 233 Cyprus, 227 Egypt, 233-234 Fashoda, 234 Franco-British Alliance, 226-227, 233-235 Franco-Russian Alliance, 224-225, 228-231 Germany. _See_ Bismarck Hungary, 232 Italy, 74-76, 227-228 _Lettres sur la Politique Extérieure_, 223, 228, 232 Montenegro, 232 and _n._ Roumania, 226, 232 Slavophile, 229-232 Triple Alliance, 227-228 Tunis, 227-228 Friendships, Literary, 122 _et seq._, 213 Gambetta’s Egeria, 173 and _passim_ Grandchildren, 238-239, 246 Marriage with M. Lamessine. _See_ Lamessine Edmond Adam, 106, 107, 123, 127 _Nom de Plume_, 93 _Nouvelle Revue. See Revue, Nouvelle_ Paris, first visits, 42. Resides in, 46. Siege of, 141, 143, 144, 151 Quarrels with Gambetta, 187, 196 _et seq._ Religious opinions, 69, 121, 205, 207 Riviera, first visits, 94 Salon, after the war, on the Boulevard Poissonnière, 171-173, 183-186, 194, 207, 213, 230 _Grand salon_ on the Boulevard Poissonnière before the war, 97, 99, 108, 110-113, 116, 118, 119, 134, 152, 161, 167, 208 Introduction to salon life, 65 L’Abbaye de Gif salon, 237-241 _La Nouvelle Revue_ supersedes, 215 Learns the _salonniere’s_ art, 97-98 Salon in the Police Préfecture, 146, 152 _Salon minuscule_ in the Rue de Rivoli, 97-101, 108 Schooldays, 11 _et seq._ Social tact, 219 _Souvenirs_, vi, vii, 1, 110, 116, 120, 122, 125, 129, 149, 160, 183, 188, 200, 213, 214, 228, 241 and _n._^1, 242, 244 Style, literary, 58 Suitors, 199 War work, 245 Writings: Fiction, 68, 70, 92, 93, 94, 96, 105, 118, 122, 167, 186. Christian novel, 210-211. Hellenic, 209-210. First book, 51-61. First newspaper article, 44-45. Foreign affairs. _See_ Foreign Politics.

Adam, Villiers de l’Isle, 209

Agadir, 190

Agoult, la Comtesse d’. _See_ Stern, Daniel

Aisne, department of, 245

Aix, 192

Albert, Prince, 43

Alfieri, the Marquis, 117

Alpes Maritimes, les, the department of, 158

Anderson, Mrs. Garrett, 58

André, the Mlles., 22, 24, 25, 30, 43, 61, 89

Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, 231

Alexandria, Bombardment of, 233 School of, 244

Alliance, Triple, 227

Anges, Baie des, 200

Antoine, Saint, Faubourg de, 138

Apponyi, Count, 233

Arago, Emmanuel, 140

Arc, Joan of, 126, 208

Arles, 192

Armenia, 233

Arnaud de l’Ariège, Mme. de, 186

Arpentigny, Captain d’, 121

Arthémise, 10, 11

Artigues, d’, 111

Aumale, Duc d’, 219

Auvergne, 154

Auxerre, 192

Avron, Plateau of, 155

Babel, Tower of, 232

Balkan Peninsula, 229

Baltic Provinces, 225

Balzac, Honoré de, 3, 8, 15, 40, 64

Bamberger, Louis, 134, 135

Barbereux, Pauline, 44, 45

Barot, Odillon, 14, 21

Barrès, Maurice, v, 240, 243

Bastille, Place de la, 138

Batbie, 174

Baucel, 118-119

Baudelaire, 209

Baudin, 113

Bazaine, 136

Bazard, 89

Bazin, René, 244

Beaconsfield, Lord. _See_ Disraeli

Beaune, Rue de, 84, 86

Beauvais, the Archbishop of, 2

Beethoven, 95

Belfort, 163

Belleville, 118, 148

Béranger, 46, 47

Berlin Congress, 223-225, 235

Berlioz, 72, 73, 74

Bernard, Claude, 107

Bernhardt, Dr., 4 Mme. Sarah, 154

Berry, 128

Bert, Paul, 107, 179, 180, 199, 200, 203, 205

Besançon, 81

Beuque, Mlle. Aimé, 84-86

Billot, General, 186

Bismarck, 99, 133, 135, 136, 157 _n._^5, 158-168, 171, 177, 191, 193, 195, 197-206, 211, 222, 223, 228, 230, 231, 233, 235

Bixio, Alessandro, 76, 77, 104, 117 Nino, 77, 117, 118, 132, 134

Blanc, Louis, 15, 19, 25, 26, 33, 108, 148, 152, 164, 174, 237

Blanche, Dr., 106

Blanqui, 93, 148-149

Blatier, 35

Blérancourt, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 20, 26, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 40, 41, 82

Blondeau, 38

Bocca, la, Villa of, 95

Bonnard, Dr., 46, 47, 84, 94

Bordeaux, Gambetta’s speech at, 172 National Assembly meets at, 158, 160, 162, 164 Thiers forms government at, 171

Bosnia, 229

Boulogne, Bois de, 240 -sur-mer, 2, 22, 43

Bourbaki, General, 170

Bourges, 164

Bourget, le, Fort, 145-148, 167 Paul, v, 69, 220, 221, 240

Brébant, Café, 106, 129, 152

Bright, John, 178, 227

Brionne, 108, 109

Brisbane, Albert, 83, 184

Brisson, 200

Brook Farm, 84

Brougham, Lord, 95

Brussels, 93

Bruyères, Gambetta visits. _See_ Gambetta George Sand visits, 124, 126-128, 181, 206 Sale of, 236 Villa of, 95-96, 102-103, 106-107, 114, 116, 123, 154, 159, 162, 165, 167, 169, 178, 182, 199

Bülow, Hans von, 73

Bulgaria, 233

Buloz, 76, 214

Buonaparte, After Sedan, 137 Deposition, 140 Emperor of the French, 50, 66, 75-77, 91, 118, 119, 134 Louis Napoléon, 23, 26, 33, 34, 39, 66, 70, 76, 81, 104 _n._^5

Burke, Edmund, 178

Buzenval, Battle of, 156, 157 _n._^4

Cabarrus, Dr., 94

Café Anglais, 226

Cahors, 109, 116, 180

Calmette, 219

Camille Ambrosine (Juliette Adam’s baptismal names), 12

Cannes, 94, 96, 159, 169

Carnot, Hippolyte, 56, 68, 104, 118 Mme. Hippolyte, 70

Carrel, Armand, 104, 184

Cassandra, 49

Castelar, 217

Castor, elephant in the Jardin des Plantes, 152

Catherine, Empress of Russia, 65

Cavaignac, General, 32

Cavour, Count, 77

Challemel-Lacour, 98, 111, 113, 179, 180, 182, 216

Champigny, Battle of, 154

Champion, Honoré, 85

Changarnier, 213

Chanzy, General, 163 and _n._^1, 170, 228

Chapelle, la Sainte, 145

Charlemagne, 86

Charles I, King of England, 139

Charles, Professor, 10, 29, 30

Charles the Bold, 3

Charnacé, la Comtesse de, 73

Charpentier, 71

Chateaubriand, 63, 160, 210

Châtelet, le, 119

Chatrian, 72

Chaudordy, 197

Chauny, 5, 8, 11-16, 21, 23, 24, 29-32, 38-40, 45, 54, 56, 61, 71, 75, 78, 82, 89, 93-96

Chavannes, Puvis de, 72

Chenevard, 152

Chivres, 14-16, 19, 22, 31, 39

Chopin, 95

Cialdini, Italian Ambassador in Paris, 224

Citeaux, 83

Clavel, Dr., 100

Clemenceau, 200

Cobden, Richard, 91, 92

Coblentz, 159

Colvin, Sir Sidney, vii, 173 and _n._^2, 186, 217

Combes, 205

Compiègne, 3, 4

Comte, Auguste, 46, 47, 68, 69, 87

Concorde, Place de la, 138, 163

Condé-sur-Vesgres, 83

Considérant, Victor, 83

Constant, Benjamin, 89

Coppée, François, 209, 217

Coquelin, 213

Corday, Charlotte, 71

Corinne, 63

Corniche Road, 118, 133

Corot, 239

Corsica, 96

Cousin, Victor, 47, 94

Creusot, 209

Crevant, 130

Crimean War, 43, 196

Crispi, 200

Croissant, Rue, 179

Croissy, Château de, 63

Cronstadt, 231

Cyprus, 227

Damascus, 211

Danton, 110, 193

Daudet, Alphonse, v, 71, 110, 111, 189, 209, 211, 213, 216, 219, 220 Léon, v, vi, 38 _n._, 189, 211, 219, 240, 243

Deffand, Mme. du, 65, 102

Delescluze, 113, 148

Déroulède, Paul, 189

Detaille, 213

Diderot, 65

Disraeli, 227

Donnersmarck, Count Henckel de, 198

Dorian, Family of, 152 Minister of Public Works, 1870, 140-151, 179 Mme., 150, 151, 238 Charles, 151 Mlle. Aline (later Mme. Ménard), 151

Dréher, beer-house, 119

Dreyfus Affair, 220

Druses, the, 77

Duclerc, 100 and _n._^3, 101, 104, 111, 198, 201

Dudevant, Aurore, George Sand’s granddaughter, 123 Maurice, George Sand’s son, 126, 128-130, 135, 206

Dufaure, 173, 174, 176, 186

Dufey, Mme., 11, 22

Dufour, Arlès, 90-93, 135, 162, 165, 168, 191

Dumas, Alexandre, 54 _fils_, 49, 72, 124

Dupanloup, Monseigneur, 176

Dupont-White, 68, 78

Duran, Carolus, 213

Duval, Raoul, 184

Edward VII, King, 196, 226

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 62

Enfantin, Barthélemy Prosper, 88-90, 95

Entente, Triple, 227, 228

Erckmann, 72

Erckmann-Chatrian, 217

Ethelbald, King of Wessex, 3

Eugénie, Empress, 134, 139

Faguet, Émile, 99

Faidherbe, General, 170

Fashoda, 234

Fauvety, Charles, 47-49, 53 Mme., 47-50, 52, 53, 64, 105

Favre, Jules, 140, 156, 157 and _n._^5, 161, 162, 164, 170

Ferrières, 161

Ferry, Jules, 111, 119, 200, 214, 231

Feuillant, Xavier de, 198

Feuillantines, Rue de, 122

Feuillet, Octave, 56

Flameng, Léopold, 71

Flammarion, Camille, 217

Flaubert, Gustave, 9, 102, 117, 123, 124, 125, 213, 214, 215

Flavigny, Comte de, 62, 63 Marie de, afterwards la Comtesse d’Agoult. _See_ Stern, Daniel

Florence, 117

Flourens, Gustave, 148, 149

Fontainebleau, 164, 196

Forbach, 137

Fortou, 185

Fourier, François Marie Charles, 47, 80-84

Fournier, Admiral, 245

France, Anatole, 65, 85, 126, 209, 220, 221

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 75

Frankfort, city of, 62 Treaty of, 177

Freycinet, de, 186, 219

Gabriel, architect, 175

Gallifet, General, 167, 184, 217, 219

Gambetta, Benedetta. Later, Mme. Léris, 180, 181 Léon, v, 7, 43, 108-110, 113-115, 118, 119, 120 139, 140, 170-187, 237, 242, 246 Anti-clericalism, 205 Army reform, 195 Berlin Congress, 223, 224 Bruyère visits, 180-182, 192 Contemplated interview with Bismarck, 199 _et seq._, 207 Death, 203 Expresses opinion of Mme. Adam’s friendships and antipathies, 212 Goes to Geneva with the Adams, 197 In Mme. Adam’s salon, 111-112, 167, 207 Letters to Mme. Adam, 182, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 225 Minister of Interior (1870), 140, 156, 157, 171 National Assembly, 176 _Nouvelle Revue_, disapproves of, 215, 218, 222 Prince of Wales, interviews with, 226 _République Française_, foundation of, 179-180 _Revanche_, 177 _et seq._, 223 Russia, attitude towards, 225 Speeches, 172, 176, 177, 178, 182, 192 the younger, 180, 203 Mme., 109, 180 Tata, 180, 203

Garibaldi, 75, 77

Garnier-Pagès, 116, 140, 176

Gautier, Théophile, 64

Gay, Delphine. _See_ Mme. de Girardin

Gay-Lussac, Rue de, 130

Gebhart, 217

Geneva, 87

Genoa, 77, 117

Georges, St., Place, 139, 147

Germain, St., Faubourg de, 64

Gervais, Admiral, 231

Gif, Abbess of, 236 _et seq._ Abbey of, 14, 99, 181, 203, 208, 234, 236, 237, 239 _et seq._

Gioia, 217

Girardin, Émile de, 56, 62, 64, 91, 92, 104, 184, 198, 215, 216, 222 Mme. de, 64, 125

Gladstone, Mr., vi, 222 Mrs., 222

Godin, 84

Goncourt, Edmond de, 71, 124, 136, 148, 153, 212 Jules de, 124, 125

Goncourts, the, 101, 102, 124

Gorce, Pierre de la, 113

Gortschakoff, the Russian Chancellor, 197, 225

Granville, Lord, 161 watering-place, 138, 141

Grévy, Jules, 56, 104, 108, 162

Grosjean, 163

Guise, town of, 83 _n._^1, 84

Guizot, 18, 22

Hapsburgs, the, 228

Hague, the, 246

Hanotaux, Gabriel, 161, 162

Haussman, 89, 152

Havre, le, Gambetta’s speech at, 178

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 80, 84

Heine, Heinrich, 62

Helier, St., 144

Heligoland, 235

Henner, 213

Hérédia, 209

Héricourt, Jenny d’, 48, 49, 52, 53, 70, 71

Herzegovina, 229

Hetzel, 56, 76, 92, 93, 110, 111, 116, 135

Hippocrates, 68

Hobson, J. A., 58

Hohenlohe, Prince von, 196, 199

Hohenzollern, House of, 134, 135, 228 Prince Anthony of, 134

Homer, 8, 15, 32, 43, 96, 210

Honoré, St., Rue, 153

Huegel, 55

Hugo, Victor, v, 54, 64, 72, 123, 148, 174, 209, 213, 237, 238

Hymette, Mont, 209

Ignatieff, Count, 231

Ireland, 233

Isambert, 180

James, Henry, 219

Jauréguiberry, Admiral, 185

Jena, Battle of, 133

Jeremiah, 99

Jersey, I. of, 144

Jérusalem, Rue de, 145, 152

Jourdan, 152

Juan, Don, 63

Juan, Golfe, 95, 103, 106, 116, 123, 127, 129, 236

Judet, 240

Judith, Princess, 3

Jumièges, 124

Karr, Alphonse, 44, 45

Koechlin-Schwartz, Mme., 237

Kossuth, 62, 66

Krompholtz, Mme., vi

Kruger, President, 234

L——, Mlle., 186, 203 and _n._

Labouchère, Henry, 148, 149 _n._^1, 161

Lafayette, General, 111

Lafitte, Rue, 64

Lalanne, 28 _n._^2

Lamartine, Alphonse de, 64, 70, 98, 101, 102

Lamber, Juliette. _See_ Adam, Juliette

Lambert, Dr. Jean Louis, Mme. Adam’s father, v, vi, 2, 4, 6-10, 12-18, 20, 21, 23-26, 28, 32-42, 46, 51, 54, 56, 57, 62, 66, 78, 79, 82, 85, 93, 95, 96, 103, 105, 107, 128, 167, 206

Lambert, Juliette. _See_ Adam, Juliette

Lambert, Mme. Olympe, Mme. Adam’s mother, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 35, 57, 95

Lamessine, Alice (later Mme. Segond), Mme. Adam’s daughter, 42, 45, 53, 71, 93, 95, 102, 103, 106, 107, 109, 117, 123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 138, 141, 144, 153, 162, 165, 167, 237

Lamessine, Juliette. _See_ Adam, Juliette

Lamessine, _avocat_. Mme. Adam’s first husband, 39, 40, 41, 50, 92, 93, 102, 103, 123

Laon, 137

Lasteyrie, Jules, Marquis de, 111, 112, 176, 213

Lazare, _Gare_ St., 174, 175

Lebanon, Mt., 77

Ledru-Rollin, 19, 20, 22, 33, 148

Lemaître, Jules, 209, 210

Lemerre, 209

Léris, Mme. _See_ Gambetta, Benedetta

Lespinasse, Mlle. de, 102

Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 91, 92, 216

Lévy, Michel, 54, 55, 92, 93, 124

Lille, 192

Lisle, Lecomte de, 209, 217

Liszt, Franz, 63, 64, 66, 73, 121 _n._^3

Littré, 56, 63, 66, 68, 69, 78, 176, 210, 215

Lombardy, 201

Longchamps, Review at, 178

Loti, Pierre, v, 220, 221, 239

Louis XIV, 175, 236, 243 Philippe, 6, 13, 14, 23, 70, 88, 111

Louvois, Place, 43

Louvre, Museum of, 65, 106 Palace of, 46, 63 Shop of, 89

Lyautey, General, 245

Lyons, city of, 84, 91, 192 Lord, 161

McLaren, Donald, 83 _n._^1

MacMahon, Marshal, 179, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 193, 202

Macon, 98

Madier, Lieutenant, 246

Magnard, 219

Magny, restaurant, 115, 124

Malabry, Park of, 220

Malaquais, Quai, 63, 85

Manet, 101

Marat, 205

Marchand, General, 245 Paul, 217

Marie Antoinette, 63

Marne, Battle of, 246

Marrast, Armand, 104

Marseilles, 192

Marx, Karl, 168

Matthieu, _notaire_, 103

Maupassant, Guy de, 215

Maure, Dr., 94, 95, 107, 117, 162

Maurice, George Sand’s son. _See_ Dudevant

Maurras, Charles, 189, 243

Maximin, Emperor, 59

Mazarin, Cardinal, 193

Mazas, Prison, 145

Mazzini, 66, 227

Melissandre, 210

Ménard, Louis, 67, 72, 73, 102, 209

Menilmontant, 90

Mentone, 127

Mercadier, M. Elie, vii

Meredith, George, 9, 59

Mérimée, Prosper, 56, 94, 116, 117, 135, 136, 139, 204

Metz, capitulation of, 147, 198 Treaty of Frankfort cedes to Germany, 163

Meunier, Stanislas, 217

Meuse, valley of, 130

Meyerbeer, 49, 50

Michelet, 101

Milan, 117, 118

Mille, Pierre, 9

Millet, 72

Mill, John Stuart, 58, 60, 68, 91

Mistral, 243

Mohl, Mme., 72

Molière, 11

Moltke, 136

Monaco, 127

Montaigne, 109

Montdidier, 170

Montessori, 12

Montijo, Eugénie de. _See_ Eugénie, Empress

Montmartre, Cemetery of, 113 Rue, 137

Montmorency, 217

Montparnasse, _Gare_, 141, 142

Montretout, Fort, 155

Morley, Lord, 88

Morocco, 227

Moscow, 156

Motte, 148

Mulhouse, 237

Myers, W. H., 120

Napoléon I, v, 81, 215 II. _See_ Buonaparte, Louis

Napoléon, Prince, 78

Nefftzer, 75, 98-100, 119, 133, 134, 154

Nice, 96, 127, 180. Edmond Adam’s candidature at, 159-160

Nivelle, General, 245

Nohant, 126, 143. The Adams visit George Sand at, 132, 134, 135, 206

Odéon, theatre, 125, 154

Offenbach, 67, 72

Ollivier, Émile, 50, 66, 118, 119, 132, 137, 162 Mme., 66 _n._, 98

Oncken, Professor, 224

Orsini, 50

Païva, house, 198 La, 198 Vicomte de, 198

Palmerston, Lord, 76, 77, 92

Panama, Isthmus of, 87

Paris, Gaston, 168, 209

Parnassian School of Poets, 102, 209, 210

Pascal, 236

Pas-de-Loup, circus, 146

Paul, St., 211

Pedro, Don, 111

Péguy, Charles, 85

Pélagie, Ste., prison, 145

Pelletan, Eugène, 57, 93, 100, 110, 111, 140, 152

Pereires, the, 89

Peruzzi, the, 74

Petrograd, 228, 230

Peyrat, 98-99, 100, 113, 117, 148, 152, 179, 205

Phalère, 209

Picard, Ernest, 140, 150, 157, 161, 162

Pichat, Laurent, 110, 111, 174, 216

Pierreclos, la Comtesse de, 70, 78, 95, 98, 101, 102, 105, 144

Pierrefonds, the Adams and George Sand visit, 131

Pio-Nono, Pope, 75

Planet, 126, 128

Plato, 167

Plevna, 229

Pliny, 68

“Ploërmel, Pardon de,” opera, 50

Poissonnière, Boulevard, 99, 106, 108, 118, 145, 152, 153, 167, 179

Pollux, elephant, 152

Porte-Saint-Martin, theatre, 130

Port Royal des Champs, 236

Presbourg, Rue, 64. Mme. d’Agoult’s salon in, 62, 64, 68, 75, 76, 77, 78, 102

Prim, General, 134

Procope, Café, 109

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 15, 17, 19, 20, 47, 50, 51-61, 71

Prudhomme, Sully, 209

Rabelais, 109, 181

Rachel, 48

Racine, Jean, 32, 236 Mlle. Marie, 239

Raincourt, Anastasie, 14 Constance, 14, 19 Pélagie. _See_ Seron, Mme. Sophie, 14, 15, 20

Rambouillet, la Marquise de, 60

Rampolla, Cardinal, 208

Ranc, 179, 200, 226

Ratazzi, Mme., 215

Récamier, Mme., 4, 63, 68

Reclus, Elie, 217

Reims, de, 111, 198

Reinach, Joseph, 115 _n._, 217 Théodore, 217

Renan, Ernest, 54, 62, 66, 72, 78, 79, 135, 168

Renouvier, Charles, 47, 48, 53

Réservoirs, Hôtel des, 175

_Revue, La Nouvelle_, v, vi, vii, 99, 189, 191, 212 _et seq._, 223, 236, 241, 242. Foundation of suggested by George Sand, 214

Reybaud, Mme. Charles, 86, 91

Reynaud, Jean, 95 Mme., 95

Richelieu, Cardinal, 193

Ripley, George, 84

Rivoli, Rue de, 46, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 118

Robespierre, 205

Robinson, Mary (Mme. Duclaux), 3

Rochefort, Henri de, Marquis, 119, 140, 146, 152, 159, 160, 241 Bibi, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164

Rodrigues, 89

Roger, actor, 131 Mme., 131

Rohan-Chabot, Comte de, 245

Romagna, 76

Romainville, Fort, 148

Rome, 224

Ronchaud, Louis de, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 75, 98, 102, 105, 111, 208, 216

Rouen, 124

Roumania, 226

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 16, 207

Royer, Mme., 70, 71

Saïd Pasha, 92

Saint Jean-le-Vieux, 245

Saint-Just, 205

Saint-Simon, Claude Henri, Comte de, 80, 86-88

Saint-Victor, Paul de, 67, 100, 102, 135, 208, 216

Sainte-Beuve, 54, 124, 209

Sainte Pélagie, prison of, 93

Sallandrouze, la Maison de, 106 and _n._^1, 171, 179, 186, 217

Salomon, Adam, 71, 72

Sand, George, v, 8, 15, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 80, 86, 92, 191, 214, 237, 244. Friendship with Mme. Adam, 120-132. Letters to Mme. Adam, 62, 121, 128, 131, 141, 143, 168, 169, 238. Visits Bruyères. _See_ Bruyères. Death, 206

Sappho, 120

Sarcey, 217

Scheurer-Kestner, 179

Schneider, 140

Schnœbele Incident, 223

Scholl, Aurélien, 55 and _n._^1

Séchan, Parc de, 217

Sedan, Battle of, 137, 190

Segond, Mme. _See_ Lamessine, Alice Dr. Paul, 237

Seine et Oise, 236

Senlis, 3

Seron, Dr., 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 23, 33, 34, 40, 42 Mme., 1, 2, 5, 6-14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26, 27, 30-32, 36-42, 120 Olympe. _See_ Lambert, Mme.

Sévigné, Gambetta “makes his,” 182 Mlle. de, 239

Simon, Jules, 119, 140, 176

Sismondi, 14

Skobeleff, 228 _et seq._, 244

Soissons, 14, 42, 44, 46

Sophocles, 210

Sorbonne, Rue de la, 85

Spuller, 172, 179, 180, 198, 199, 200, 205, 207, 211, 216

Staël, Mme. de, 65, 87, 90, 125, 187, 210

Stanislas, collège, 65

Stern, Daniel, 52, 54-57, 62-64, 94, 102, 105-106, 112, 120-125, 209, 244 Salon, 65-70, 73, 74, 75, 76-77, 80, 98, 104, 162, 184, 208, 210

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 2

Stock, Baron. _See_ Ratazzi, Mme.

Strasbourg, 203

Sue, Eugène, 64

Suez Canal, 89, 90, 91

Suresne, 240

_Sussex_, the, 213

Syria, 77

Taine, Hippolyte, 48, 214, 216, 243

Taitbout, Rue, 90

Talleyrand, 193

Tangier, 190

Tardieu, André, 197

Taride, 56

Texier, Edmond, 98

Texiers, the, 106

Thelema, Abbey of, 127

Theuriet, André, 217

Thierry, Augustin, 87, 217

Thiers, v, 75, 95, 107, 108, 111, 114, 117, 134, 146, 147, 161, 162, 164-167, 171, 174, 176, 177, 183, 184, 198. President of the Republic, 160, 172. Resignation, 173. Death, 199, 207

Thomas, Emile, 126

Tiburce, 211

Tinayre, Marcelle, 220

Toulon, 94, 127, 231

Tourguénieff, 214, 217, 228

Toussenel, Alphonse, 85, 86, 98, 99, 100, 136

Transvaal War, 234

Trélat, 28

Trochu, General, 140, 145, 146, 147, 156, 157 _n._^4

Troubetzkoi, Princess Lise, 197

Tuileries, 106, 166

Tunis, French occupation of, 227, 228

Turin, 76, 117

Turr, 217

Uzès, la Duchesse d’, 241

Var, department of, 124

Varzin, 199, 227

Vavey, Château de, 245

Vendôme Column, 166

Venetia, 201

Venice, 178

Venizelos, 235

Verberie, 2, 3, 4

Verdun, 246

Versailles, Peace of, 162, 164, 174 National Assembly at, 164-166, 174-176

Viardot, Mme., 72

Viaud, Commandant. _See_ Pierre Loti

Victor Emmanuel, King, 77, 133, 200, 201

Victoria, Queen, 43

Vigny, Alfred de, 63

Villafranca, Peace of, 75, 76

Villars, 193

Vinoy, 157 and _n._^4

Voisin, 185

Voltaire, Café, 109

Wagner, Richard, 72-74, 104

Wales, Prince of. _See_ Edward VII

Washington, City of, 86

Wells, H. G., 191

Whiteing, Richard, 172

William I, King of Prussia, later Emperor of Germany, 135, 136 II, Emperor of Germany, 223, 234

Wissembourg, Battle of, 137

Woerth, Battle of, 137

Zola, Emile, 102, 220

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