CHAPTER X

GENERAL NOTES

Aubrey, writing in 1678, gives some curious notes on the changes of manners and customs. Some of his notes refer to the sixteenth century:—

“Antiently ordinary men’s houses and copyholders, and the like had no chimneys, but flues like louver holes: some of ’em were in being when I was a boy.

In the halls and parlours of great houses were wrote texts of scripture on the painted cloths.

Before the last civil wars, in gentlemen’s houses, at Christmas, the first dish that was brought to table was a boar’s head, with a lemon in his mouth.

The first dish that was brought up to table on Easter day was a red herring riding away on horseback, _i.e._ a herring ordered by the cook something after the likeness of a man on horseback set in a corn sallad.

The custom of eating a gammon of bacon at Easter (which is still kept up in many parts of England) was founded on this, viz. to show their abhorrence of Judaism at that solemn commemoration of our Lord’s resurrection.

The use of your _humble servant_ came first into England on the marriage of Queen Mary, daughter of Henry IV. of France, which is derived from _votre très humble serviteur_. The usual salutation before that time was, _God keep you_, _God be with you_, and among the vulgar _How dost do?_ with a thump on the shoulder.

Till this time the Court itself was unpolished and unmannered: King James’s court was so far from being civil to women, that the ladies, nay, the Queen herself, could hardly pass by the king’s apartment without receiving some affront.

Heretofore noblemen and gentlemen of fine estates had their heralds, who wore their coats of arms at Christmas and at other solemn times, and cried ‘Largesse’ thrice.

A neat built chapel, and a spacious hall, were all the rooms of note: the rest were small. At Tomarton, in Gloucestershire, antiently the seat of the Rivers, is a dungeon 13 or 14 feet deep: about 4 feet high are iron rings fastened in the wall, which was probably to tye offending villains to, as all lords of manors had this power over their villains (or socage tenants), and had all of them no doubt such places for punishment.

It was well that all castles had dungeons, and so, I believe, had monasteries: for they had often within themselves power of life or death.

In days of yore lords and gentlemen lived in the country like petty kings, had jura regalia belonging to Seignories, had castles and boroughs, had gallows within their liberties where they could try, condemn and execute: never went to London but in Parliament time, or once a year, to do their homage to the king. They always eat in their Gothic Halls at the high table or orsille (which is a little room at the upper end of the hall where stands a table) with the folks at the side table. The meat was served up by watchword. Jacks are but of late invention: the poor boys did turn the spit, and licked the dripping for their pains: the beds of the men servants and retainers were in the hall, as now in the guard or privy chamber here. In the hall mumming and loaf stealing and other Christmas sports were performed.

The Hearth was commonly in the middle, whence the saying _Round about our coal fire_.

The halls of the Justice of Peace were dreadful to behold. The skreen was garnished with corslets and helmets, gaping with open mouths, with coats of mail, launces, pikes, halberts, brown bills, bucklers.

Public inns were rare: travellers were entertained at religious houses for three days together, if occasion served. The meetings of the gentry were not at taverns but in the fields or forests with their hawks and hounds, and their bugle horns in silken bawderies.

Before the Reformation there were no poor’s rates: the charitable doles given at the religious houses, and the church ale in every parish, did the business.

In every parish there was a church-house, to which belonged spits, potts, etc., for dressing provision. Here the housekeepers met, and were merry and gave their charity. The young people came there too, and had dancing, bowling, shooting at butts, etc. Mr. A. Wood assures me there were few or no alms-houses before the time of Henry VIII.: that at Oxon, opposite Christ Church, was one of the most ancient in England.

In every church there was a poor’s box, and the like at great inns.

Before the wake or feast of the dedication of the church, they sat there all night, fasting and praying, viz. on the eve of the wake.

The solemnity attending processions in and about churches, and the perambulations in the fields were great diversions also of those times.

Glass windows in churches and gentlemen’s houses were rare before the time of Henry VIII. In my own remembrance, before the civil wars, copyholders and poor people had none. In Herefordshire, Monmouthshire, and Salop, it is so still. About 90 years ago, noblemen’s and gentlemen’s coats were of the fashion of the beadles and yeomen of the guard, (_i.e._) gather’d at the middle. The benchers in the Inns of Court yet retain that fashion in the make of their gowns.

Captain Silas Taylor says, that, in days of yore, when a church was to be built, they watched and prayed on the vigil of the dedication, and took that part of the horison when the sun arose for the East, which makes that variation, so that few stand true except those built between the two equinoxes.

From the time of Erasmus to about 20 years last past the learning was downright pedantry. The conversation and habits of those times were as starcht as their bands and square beads, and gravity was then taken for wisdom. The doctors in those days were but old boys, when quibbles passed for wit even in their sermons.

The gentry and citizens had little learning of any kind and their way of breeding up their children was suitable to the rest. They were as severe to their children as their schoolmasters, and their schoolmasters as severe as masters of the house of correction. The child perfectly loathed the sight of his parent as the slave to his torture. Gentlemen of thirty or forty years old were to stand like mutes and fools bareheaded before their parents, and the daughters (well grown women) were to stand at the cupboard-side during the whole time of the proud mother’s visits unless (as the fashion was) leave was forsooth desired that a cushion should be given them to kneel upon, brought them by the serving man, after they had done sufficient penance in standing.

The boys (I mean young fellows) had their foreheads turned up, and stiffened: they were to stand mannerly forsooth, thus—the foretop ordered as before, with one hand at the band-string, the other behind.

The gentlemen then had prodigious fans, as is to be seen in old pictures, like that instrument which is used to drive feathers: and it had a handle at least half as long with which their daughters oftentimes were corrected.

Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice, rode the circuit with such a fan: Sir William Dugdale told me he was an eye-witness of it.

The Earl of Manchester also used such a fan: but the fathers and mothers slasht their daughters, in the time of their besom discipline, when they were perfect women.

At Oxford (and I believe also at Cambridge), the rod was frequently used by the tutors and deans: and Dr. Potter of Trinity College, I knew right well, whipt his pupil with his sword by his side, when he came to take leave of him to go to the Inns of Court.”

Misson, whose travels in England were published at the Hague in 1698, and a few years later were translated into English, says that he “sometimes”—as if the thing was common—met in London a procession consisting of a woman bearing the effigy of a man in straw with horns upon his head, preceded by a drum and followed by a mob making a noise with tongs, gridirons, frying-pans, and saucepans. What should we understand if we met a procession at Charing Cross consisting of four men carrying another man, bagpipes and a shawm played before him, a drum beating, and twenty links burning around him? The significance of this ceremony would be wholly lost and thrown away upon us. It was, however, one of many processions which survived from Mediæval London, and were understood by everybody. The meaning of it was that a woman had given her husband a sound beating for accusing her of infidelity, and that upon such occasions, some kind neighbour of the poor innocent injured creature—which?—“performed this ceremony.”

Again, when Prynne rode up to London to join the Long Parliament, he was accompanied by many thousands of horse and foot wearing rosemary and bay in their hats and carrying them in their hands, and this was considered the greatest affront possible to the judges who had questioned him. Why?

Of Horn Fair I have elsewhere spoken. This fair kept up to the end its semi-allegorical character. No one seems to have known why it was kept on October 18, which is St. Luke’s Day, but the Evangelist is always figured with a bull’s head in the corner of his portrait. The common people, however, associated horns, for some unknown reason, with the infidelity of the wife. They therefore assembled at Cuckold’s Point opposite Ratcliffe, coming down the river from London, and there forming themselves into a procession, marched through Deptford and Greenwich to Charlton with horns upon their heads. At the fair horns of all kinds, and things made out of horn, were sold; the staple of the fair was work in horn, just as the staple of Bartholomew Fair was cloth. Besides the casual processions of the mob, a more formal procession was organised in London itself, especially at certain inns in Bishopsgate. This procession, which seems to have been arranged with some care and to have been interesting, consisted of a king, a queen, a miller, and other personages; they wore horns in their hats, and on arriving at Charlton, walked round the church three times. The occasion gave rise to many coarse and ribald jokes, and to much unseemliness of all kinds—hence a proverb, “All’s fair at Horn Fair.”

In this place the fair is mentioned as one of the last places where processions were organised, having meanings which were well understood at that time, but which would be now forgotten. The City procession, which everybody could read and understand like a printed book, lingered long, falling steadily into disuse and disrepute, until the wedding march was abandoned; the funeral, stripped of its coats of arms, the black gowns, and its torches, and even at last, the march of the milkmaids and the Mayday Jack in the Green, were seen no more.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

THE COURT

The popular imagination pictures the Court of Charles the Second as a place of no ceremony or state or dignity whatever; a place where the King strolled about and where there was singing of boys, laughter of women, tinkling of guitars, playing of cards, making merriment without stint or restraint—a Bohemia of Courts. We have been taught to think thus of King Charles’s Court by the historian who has seized on one or two scenes and episodes—for instance, the last Sunday evening of Charles’s life; by the writer of romance, by the chronicler of scandal, by the Restoration poets, and the Restoration dramatists.

This view of Whitehall after the Restoration is, to say the least, incomplete. Charles had a Court, like every other sovereign; he had a Court with officers many and distinguished; there were Court ceremonies which he had to go through; that part of his private life which is now paraded as if it was his public life was conducted with some regard to public opinion. What his Court really was may be learned from a little book by Thomas De-Laune, Gentleman, called _The Present State of London_, published in the year 1681, for George Lurkin, Enoch Prosser, and John How, at the _Rose and Crown_. It may be useful to learn from this book the offices and management of a Stuart’s Court.

I. ITS GOVERNMENT—ECCLESIASTICAL, CIVIL, AND MILITARY

i. _Ecclesiastical._—The Dean of the King’s Chapel was generally a Bishop. The Chapel itself is a Royal Peculiar, exempt from episcopal visitation. The Dean chose the Sub-Dean or _Precentor Capellæ_; thirty-six gentlemen of the Chapel, of whom twelve were priests and twenty-four singing clerks, twelve children, three organists, four vergers, a serjeant, two yeomen, and a Groom of the Chapel. The King had his private oratory where every day one of the chaplains read the service of the day. Twelve times a year the King, attended by his principal nobility, offered a sum of money in gold, called the Byzantine gift, because it was formerly coined at Byzantium, in recognition of the Grace of God which made him King. James the First used a coin with the legend—on one side—“Quid retribuam Domino pro omnibus quæ retribuit mihi?” and on the other side—“Cor contritum et humiliatum non despiciet Deus.”

In addition there were forty-eight Chaplains in Ordinary, of whom four every month waited at Court.

The Lord High Almoner, usually the Bishop of London, disposed of the King’s alms: he received all _deodands_ and _bona felonum de se_ to be applied to that purpose: Under him were a Sub-Almoner, two Yeomen and two Grooms of the Almonry. There was also a Clerk of the Closet whose duty was to resolve doubts on spiritual matters. In the reign of good King Charles the duties of this officer were probably light.

II. THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT

The chief officer was the Lord Steward. He had authority over all the officers of the Court except those of the Chapel, the Chamber, and the Stable. He was Judge of all offences committed within the precincts of the Court and within the Verge. In the King’s Presence the Lord Steward carried a white staff: when he went abroad the White Staff was borne before him by a footman bareheaded. His salary was £100 a year with sixteen dishes daily and allowances of wine, beer, etc. The Lord Chamberlain had the supervision of all officers belonging to the King’s Chamber, such as the officers of the wardrobe, of the Revels, of the music, of the plays, of the Hunt; the messengers, Trumpeters, Heralds, Poursuivants, Apothecaries, Chyrurgeons, Barbers, Chaplains, etc.

The third great officer was the Master of the Horse. His duties are signified by his title, which was formerly _comes stabuli_ or Constable.

Under these principal officers were the Treasurer of the Household, the Comptroller, the Cofferer, the Master of the Household, the two Clerks of the Green Cloth, the serjeants, messengers, etc.

In the Compting House was held the Court of Green Cloth, which sat every day with authority to maintain the Peace within a circle of twelve miles radius. It was so called from the colour of the cloth spread upon the table.

The chief clerk was an official of great power and dignity: he received the King’s guests; kept the accounts; looked after the provisions and had charge of the Pantry, Buttery and Cellar. There were clerks under him. The Knight Harbinger with three Gentlemen Harbingers and seven Yeomen Harbingers provided lodgings for the King’s Guests, Ambassadors, officers and servants.

The Knight Marshal was Judge in all cases in which a servant of the King was concerned: he was also one of the Judges in the Court of the Marshalsea. He had six Provost Marshals or Vergers in scarlet coats to wait upon him.

The Servants in ordinary were the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, and the Groom of the Stole, the Vice-Chamberlain, the Keeper of the Privy Purse, the Treasurer of the Chamber, the Master of the Robes, the twelve Grooms of the Bedchamber, the six Pages of the Bedchamber, the four Gentlemen Ushers of the Privy Chamber, the forty-eight Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, the six Grooms of the Privy Chamber, the Library Keeper, Black Rod, the eight Gentlemen Ushers of the Presence Chamber, the fourteen Grooms of the Great Chamber, six gentlemen waiters, four cupbearers, four carvers, four servers, four esquires of the Body, the eight servers of the Chamber, the Groom Porter, sixteen serjeants at arms, four other serjeants at arms who attended on the Speaker and on the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. There were four Physicians in Ordinary, a Master and Treasurer of the Jewel House, three Yeomen of the Jewel House, a Master of the Ceremonies with an assistant and a marshal; three Kings at Arms, six Heralds, and four Poursuivants at Arms; a Geographer, a Historiographer, a Hydrographer, a Cosmographer, a Poet Laureate, and a Notary.

These were the Officers of the Wardrobe: the great Wardrobe, the standing wardrobes at Hampton, Windsor, and other places, and the Removing Wardrobe which was carried about with the King. For the wardrobes were one Yeoman, two Grooms, and three Pages.

For the Office of Tents and Pavilions were two Masters, four Yeomen, one Groom, one Clerk Comptroller and one Clerk of the Tents. The Master of the Revels ordered the plays and masques, etc. He had one Yeoman and one Groom. Attached to the Master of the Robes were workmen, each in his own craft. The Royal Falconer had thirty-three officers under him. The Master of Buckhounds had thirty-four assistants: the Master of the Otter hounds had five under him. So had the Master of the Harriers. The Master of the Ordnance had a Lieutenant, a master Armourer, and seventeen under officers. There were forty-two messengers of the Chamber. There were sixty-four Musicians in ordinary; fifteen trumpeters and kettle drummers; seven drummers and fifes; two Apothecaries; two Chyrurgeons; two Barbers; three Printers; one Printer of Oriental tongues. There were bookseller, stationer, bookbinder, silkman, woollen draper, postmaster, and a Master of Cock-fighting.

There were two Embroiderers, one Serjeant Skinner, two Keepers of the Privy Lodging, two Gentlemen, and two Yeomen of the Bows; one Cross-bow maker; one Fletcher; one Cormorant keeper; one Hand-gun maker; one master and marker of Tennis; one Mistress Semstress, and one Laundress; one Perspective-maker, one Master-Fencer, one Haberdasher of Hats, one Combmaker, one Serjeant Painter, one Painter, one Limner, one Picture-Drawer, one Silver-Smith, one Goldsmith, one Jeweller, one Peruque-maker, one Keeper of pheasants and Turkies. Joyner, Copier of Pictures, Watch-maker, Cabinet-maker, Lock-Smith, of each one. Game of bears and Bulls, one Master, one Serjeant, one Yeoman. Two Operators for the Teeth. Two coffer-bearers for the Back-stairs, one Yeoman of the Leash, fifty-five Watermen. Upholsterer, Letter Carrier, Foreign Post, Coffee Maker, of each one.

Ten Officers belonging to Gardens, Bowling-Greens, Tennis-Court, Pall-Mall, Keeper of the Theatre at Whitehall. Cutler, Spurrier, Girdler, Corn-Cutter, Button-maker, Embosser, Enameler, of each one. Writer, Flourisher, and Embellisher, Scenographer, or Designer of Prospects, Letter-Founder, of each one. Comedians, Seventeen Men, and Eight Women, Actors.

Gunner, Gilder, Cleaner of Pictures, Scene Keeper, Coffer-maker, Wax-Chandler, of each one. Keeper of Birds and Fowl in St. James’s-Park, one. Keeper of the Volery, Coffee-club-maker, Serjeant-Painter, of each one; with divers other officers and servants under the Lord Chamberlain to serve his Majesty upon occasion.

As to the Officers under the Master of the Horse, there are Twelve Querries so called of the French Escayer, derived from Escury, a Stable. Their office is to attend the King on Hunting or Progress, or on any occasion of Riding Abroad, to help His Majesty up and down from his Horse, etc. Four of these are called Querries of the Crown-Stable, and the others are called Querries of the Hunting-Stable. The Fee to each of these is only £20 yearly, according to the Ancient Custom; but they have allowance for Diet, to each £100 yearly, besides Lodgings, and two Horse-Liveries.

The next is the Chief Avener, from Avena, Oats, whose yearly fee is £40. There is, moreover, one Clerk of the Stable, four Yeomen-Riders, four Child-Riders, Yeomen of the Stirrup, Serjeant-Marshal, and Yeomen-Farriers, four Groom-Farriers, Serjeants of the Carriage, three Surveyors, a Squire and Yeomen-Sadlers, four Yeomen-Granators, four Yeomen-Purveyors, a Yeoman-Pickman, a Yeoman-Bitmaker, four Coach-men, eight Litter-men, a Yeoman of the Close Wagon, sixty-four Grooms of the Stable, whereof thirty are called Grooms of the Crown Stable, and thirty-four of the Hunting and Pad-Stable. Twenty-six Footmen in their Liveries, to run by the King’s Horse. All these Places are in the Gift of the Masters of the Horse.

There is besides these an antient Officer, called Clerk of the Market, who within the Verge of the King’s household, is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Measures, and to burn all that are false. From the Pattern of this Standard, all the Weights and Measures of the Kingdom are to be taken.

There are divers other considerable Officers, not Subordinate to the Three Great Officers, as the Master of the Great Wardrobe, Post-Master, Master of the Ordinance, Warden of the Mint, etc.

Upon the King are also attending in his Court the Lords of the Privy Council, Secretaries of State, the Judges, the College of Civilians, the King’s Council at Law, the King’s Serjeants at Law, the Masters of Requests, Clerks of the Signet, Clerks of the Council, Keeper of the Paper-Office, or Papers of State, etc.

There is always a Military Force to preserve the King’s Person, which are His Guards of Horse and Foot. The Guards of Horse are in Number 600 Men, well armed and equipped; who are generally Young Gentlemen of considerable Families, who are there made fit for Military Commands. They are divided into Three Troops, viz.: the King’s Troop, distinguished by their Blew Ribbons and Carbine Belts, their Red Hooses, and Houlster-Caps, Embroidered with His Majesties Cypher and Crown. The Queen’s Troops by Green Ribbons, Carbine Belts, covered with Green Velvet, and Gold Lace, also Green Hooses and Houlster Caps, Embroidered with the same Cypher and Crown. And the Duke’s Troop by Yellow Ribbons, and Carbine Belts, and Yellow Hooses, Embroidered as the others. In which Troops, are 200 Gentlemen, besides Officers. Each of these Three Troops is divided into Four Squadrons or Divisions, two of which consisting of one hundred Gentlemen, and Commanded by one Principal Commissioned Officer, two Brigadiers, and two Sub-Brigadiers, with two Trumpets mount the Guards one day in six, and are Relieved in their turns. Their Duty is always by Parties from the Guard, to attend the Person of the King, the Queen, the Duke, and the Duchess, wheresoever they go near home, but if out of town, they are attended by Detachments of the said Three Troops.

Besides these, there is a more strict Duty and Attendance Weekly on the King’s Person on Foot, wheresoever he walks, from His Rising to His going to Bed, by one of the Three Captains, who always waits immediately next the King’s own Person, before all others, carrying in his hand an Ebony-staff or Truncheon, with a Gold head, Engraved with His Majesty’s Cypher and Crown. Near him also attends a Principal Commissioned Officer, with an Ebony-staff, and Silver head, who is ready to Relieve the Captain on occasion; and at the same time also, two Brigadiers, having also Ebony-staves, headed with Ivory, and Engraven as the others.

There is added a Troop of Grenadiers to each Troop of Guards, one Division of which mounts with a Division of the Troop to which they belong; they never go out on small Parties from the Guard, only perform Centry-Duty on Foot, and attend the King also on Foot when he walks abroad, but always March with great Detachments. The King’s Troop consists of a Captain, two Lieutenants, three Serjeants, three Corporals, two Drums, two Hautbois, and eighty private Souldiers mounted. The Queens Troop, of a Captain, two Lieutenants, two Serjeants, two Corporals, two Hautbois, and sixty private Souldiers mounted. The Dukes Troop consists of the like number with the Queens.

The Captains of His Majesties Guards always Command as Eldest Colonels of Horse; the Lieutenants as Eldest Lieutenant-Colonels of Horse; the Cornets and Guidons, as Eldest Majors of Horse; the Quartermasters, as Youngest Captains of Horse; the Brigadiers as Eldest Lieutenants of Horse; and amongst themselves every Officer, according to the Date of His Commission, takes precedency, when on Detachments, but not when the Three Troops march with their Colours, for then the Officer of the Eldest Troop, commands those of equal Rank with him in the others, though their Commission be of Elder Date.

Next immediately after the Three Troops of Guards, his Majestys Regiment of Horse, Commanded by the Earl of Oxford takes place, and the Colonel of it is to have precedency, after the Captains of the Guards, and before all other Colonels of Horse, whatsoever change may be of the Colonel; and all the Officers thereof, in their proper Degree, are to take place according to the Dates of their Commissions. As to the Foot, the King’s Regiment, Commanded by the Honorable Colonel John Russel, takes place of all other Regiments, and the Colonel thereof is always to precede as the first Colonel. The Colestream Regiment, Commanded by the Earl of Craven, takes the next; the Duke of Yorks Regiment next, then his Majestys Holland Regiment, Commanded by the Earl of Mulgrave, and all other Colonels, according to the Dates of their Commissions. All other Regiments of Horse and Foot, not of the Guards, take place according to their Respective Seniority, from the time they were first Raised, and no Regiment loses its precedency by the Death of its Colonel.

At the Kings House, there is a guard for his Person, both above and below stairs. In the Presence Chamber, the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners wait, instituted by King Henry the VII., and chosen out of the best and antientest Families in England, to be a Guard to His Majesties Person, and also to be a Nursery to breed up hopeful Gentlemen, and fit them for Employments, Civil and Military, as well abroad as at home; as Deputies of Ireland, Embassadors in Foreign Parts, Counsellors of State, Captains of the Guard, Governors of Places, Commanders in the Wars, both by Sea and Land, of all which these have been Examples. They are to attend the King’s Person to and from His Chappel, only as far as the Privy Chamber: also in all other Solemnity, as Coronations, publick Audience of Embassadors, etc. They are 40 in number, over whom there is a Captain, usually some Peer of the Realm, a Lieutenant, a Standard-Bearer, and a Clerk of the Check. They wait half at a time quarterly. Those in quarter wait daily five at a time upon the King in the House, and when he walks abroad. Upon extraordinary occasions, all of them are Summoned. Their ordinary Arms are Gilt Pole-Axes. Their Arms on Horse-back in time of War, are Cuirassiers Arms, with Sword and Pistol. These are only under their own Officers, and are always Sworn by the Clerk of the Check, who is to take notice of such as are absent when they should be upon their duty. Their Standard in time of war, is a Cross Gules in a Field Argent, also 4 bends.

In the first Room above Stairs, called the Guard-Chamber, attend the Yeomen of the Guard of His Majesties body; whereof there were wont to be 250 Men of the best quality under Gentry, and of larger Stature than ordinary (for every one was to be Six foot high) there are at present 100 Yeomen in dayly waiting, and 70 more not in waiting, and as any of the 100 die, his place is filled up out of the 70. These wear Scarlet Coats Down to the Knee and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with black Velvet, and rich Badges upon their Coats both before and behind, moreover, black Velvet round broad Crown’d Caps, with Ribbons of the King’s Colour; one half of them of late bear in their hands Harquebuzes, and the other half Partizans, with large Swords by their Sides; they have Wages and Diet allowed them. Their office is to wait upon the King in His standing Houses, 40 by Day, and 20 to Watch by Night; about the City to wait upon the King’s Person abroad by Water or Land.

The King’s Palace Royal (_ratione Regiæ dignitatis_) is exempted from all Jurisdiction of any Court, Civil or Ecclesiastick, but only to the Lord Steward, and in his absence, to the Treasurer and Comptroller of the King’s Household, with the Steward of the Marshalsea, who by vertue of their Office, without Commission, may Hear and Determin all Treasons, Fellonies, Breaches of the Peace, Committed within the King’s Court or Palace. The Orders and Rules for the Demeanor of all Officers and Servants are hung upon Tables in several Rooms at the Court, and Signed with the King’s own hand, worthy to be read of all Strangers.

The Court or House where the King resides is accounted a Place so Sacred, that if any man presume to strike another there, and only draw blood, his Right Hand shall be cut off, and he committed to perpetual Imprisonment, and Fined. All occasions of striking are also there forbidden.

The Court of England for Magnificence, Order, Number and Quality of Officers, rich Furniture, entertainment and Civility to Strangers, and for plentiful Tables, might compare with the best in Christendom, and far excels most Courts abroad. It hath for a long time been a Pattern of Hospitality and Charity to the Nobility and Gentry of England. All Noblemen or Gentlemen, Subjects or Strangers, were freely entertained at the plentiful Tables of His Majesties Officers. Divers Dishes were provided every day extraordinary for the King’s Honour. Two hundred and forty Gallons of Beer a day were allowed at the Butters-Bar for the Poor, besides all the Broken Meat, Bread, etc., gathered into Baskets, and given to the Poor, at the Court-Gates, by Two Grooms and Two Yeomen of the Almonry, who have salaries of His Majesty for that Service. The Lord Almoner hath the Privilege to give the King’s Dish to whatsoever Poor Man he pleases; that is, the first Dish at Dinner which is set upon the King’s Table, or in stead thereof, fourpence a day (which anciently was equivalent to four shillings now); next he distributes to 24 poor men, named by the Parishioners of the Parish adjacent to the King’s Place of Residence, to each of them fourpence in money, a Twopenny Loaf, and a Gallon of Beer, or instead thereof three pence in Money, equally to be divided among them every Morning at seven of the Clock at the Court-Gate. The Sub-Almoner is to Scatter new-coined Two-pences in the Towns and Places where the King passes through in his Progresses, to a certain Sum by the Year. Besides, there are many poor Pensioners, either because so old that they are unfit for Service, or the Widows of any of the King’s Servants that dyed poor, who have a Competency duly paid them: Besides, there are distributed among the poor the larger Offerings which the King gives in Collar Days.

The magnificent and abundant plenty of the King’s Tables hath caused amazement in Foreigners. In the Reign of King Charles I. there were daily in his Court 86 Tables well furnished each Meal, whereof the King’s Tables had 28 Dishes, the Queen’s 24, 4 other Tables 16 Dishes each, 3 other 10 Dishes, 12 other 7 Dishes, 17 other 5 Dishes, 3 other 4, 32 had 3, and 13 had each 2; in all about 500 Dishes each Meal, with Bread, Beer, Wine, and all other things necessary. There was spent yearly in the King’s House of gross Meat 1500 Oxen, 7000 Sheep, 1200 Veals, 300 Porkers, 400 Sturks or young Beefs, 6800 Lambs, 300 Flitches of Bacon, and 26 Boars. Also 140 dozen of Geese, 250 dozen of Capons, 470 dozen of Hens, 750 dozen of Pullets, 1470 dozen of Chickens, for Bread 36,400 Bushels of Wheat, and for Drink, 600 Tun of Wine and 1700 Tun of Beer. Moreover, of Butter 46,640, together with the Fish and Fowl, Venison, Fruit, Spice, proportionably. This prodigious plenty in the King’s Court caused Foreigners to put a higher value upon the King, and was much for the Honour of the Kingdom. The King’s Servants being Men of Quality, by His Majesty’s special Order went to Westminster Hall in Term Time, to invite Gentlemen to eat of the King’s Acates or Viands, and in Parliament-time, to invite the Parliament-men thereto.

On the Thursday before Easter, called Maundy Thursday, the King, or his Lord Almoner, was wont to wash the Feet of as many poor Men as His Majesty had reigned years, and then to wipe them with a Towel (according to the Pattern of our Saviour), and then to give every one of them two Yards and a half of Woollen Cloth, to make a Suit of cloaths; also Linnen Cloth for two Shirts, and a pair of Stockings, and a pair of Shoes, three Dishes of Fish in Wooden Platters, one of Salt Salmon, a second of Green Fish or Cod, a third of Pickle-Herrings, Red Herrings, and Red Sprats; a Gallon of Beer, a Quart Pottle of Wine, and four six-penny Loaves of Bread, also a Red-Leather-Purse with as many single Pence as the King is years old, and in face another Purse as many Shillings as the King hath reigned Years. The Queen doth the like to divers poor Women.

The Form of Government is by the wisdom of many Ages, so contrived and regulated, that it is almost impossible to mend it. The Account (which is of so many Natures, and is therefore very difficult, must pass through many hands, and is therefore very exact) is so wisely contrived and methodized, that without the Combination of everyone of these following Officers, viz. the Cofferer, a Clerk of the Green-Cloth, a Clerk-Comptroller, a Clerk of the Kitchen, of the Spicery or Avery, or a particular Clerk, together with the conjunction of a Purveyor and Waiter in the Office, it is impossible to defraud the King of a Loaf of Bread, of a Pint of Wine, a Quart of Beer, or Joint of Meat, or Money, or anything else.”

APPENDIX II

LIST OF LONDON CLERGY EJECTED

—— Adams St. Bennet, Paul’s Wharf. Dr. Samuel Baker St. Mary at Hill. Dr. Walter Balcanquall Master of the Savoy. James Batty, A.M. St. Vedast, Foster Lane. Matthew Bennet, A.M. St. Nicholas Acon. Dr. Boosie St. Olave’s, Silver Street. —— Booth St. Botolph, Aldersgate. Nicolas Bradshaw, A.M. St. Mildred, Bread Street. Dr. William Bray St. Martin’s in the Fields. Dr. William Brough St. Michael’s, Cornhill. —— Brown Bridewell Precinct. Dr. Jonathan Brown St. Faith’s. Dr. Thomas Brown St. Mary Aldermary. Dr. Richard Chambers St. Andrew Hubbard. Dr. Richard Cheshire St. Nicolas Olave’s. Robert Chestlin, A.M. St. Matthew’s, Friday Street. James Chibbald, A.M. St. Nicholas Cole Abbey. Dr. John Childerly St. Dunstan in the East. John Clark St. Ethelburga. Dr. Richard Clewet St. Anne, Aldersgate. Abraham Cole, A.M. St. Leonard, Eastcheap. John Cook, A.M. St. Mary Somerset. Ralph Cook, B.D. St. Gabriel, Fenchurch. William Cooper St. Thomas Apostle. Thomas Crane, B.D. St. Laurence, Jewry. Joseph Draper St. Thomas’s Hospital. Dr. Richard Dukeson St. Clement Danes. Gerard Eccop, A.M. St. Pancras, Soper’s Lane. Phil Edlin, B.D. St. John Zachary. Dr. William Fairfax St. Peter’s, Cornhill. Dr. Daniel Featley Lambeth. Edward Finch, A.M. Christ Church. —— Foxley Charter House. Richard Freeman St. James, Garlick Hithe. Thomas Fuller, A.M. Lecturer, Savoy. Dr. William Fuller St. Giles, Cripplegate. Dr. Gifford St. Michael Bassishaw. (?) Rector of St. George’s, Southwark. Dr. John Grant St. Bartholomew, Exchange. Matthew Griffith, A.M. St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish St. and St. Bennet Sherehog. Dr. John Hacket St. Andrew’s, Holborn. Abraham Haines, A.M. St. Olive’s, Hart Street. Dr. James Halsey St. Alphage. John Hanslow, A.M. St. Christopher’s. Edward Harison Holy Trinity the Less. Dr. William Haywood St. Giles in the Fields. William Heath Stoke Newington. John Hill St. Michael, Queenhithe. Dr. Percival Hill St. Katherine Coleman. Dr. Richard Holdsworth St. Peter le Poor. Dr. Thomas Howell St. Stephen’s, Walbrook. —— Humes St. Dionis, Backchurch. Dr. Michael Jermin St. Martin’s, Ludgate. Dr. John Johnson St. Mary, Whitechapel. —— Jones St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street. Dr. William Isaacson St. Andrew’s Wardrobe. (?) Rector of St. James’s, Duke’s Place. Henry Kibuts, A.M. St. Katherine’s, Coleman Street. Dr. Philip King St. Botolph’s, Billingsgate. —— Launce St. Michael le Queen. Dr. Edward Layfield Allhallows, Barking. Jeremiah Leech St. Mary le Bow. Dr. John Littleton The Temple. Richard Maden, B.D. St. Mildred, Poultry. Edward Marbury St. Peter’s, Paul’s Wharf. Dr. James Marsh St. Dunstan’s in the West. Henry Mason, B.D. St. Andrew Undershaft. James Meggs, A.M. St. Margaret Pattens. —— Miller St. Helen’s. George Moor Hackney. Cadwallader Morgan St. Bennet Sherehog. Richard Owen, B.D. St. Swithin’s. Ephraim Paget, A.M. St. Edmund’s, Lombard Street. Thomas Palmer, A.M. St. Bride’s. Dr. Thomas Paske St. Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey. Thomas Pierce, D.D. St. Martin Outwich. Robert Pory, B.D. St. Margaret’s, New Fish Street. John Prichard, A.M. St. Andrew Undershaft. —— Proctor St. Mary Bothaw. Luke Proctor, A.M. St. Michael Royal. —— Quelch St. Bennet Gracechurch. Nehemiah Rogers St. Botolph’s, Billingsgate. —— Rush St. Katherine’s Cree. Dr. Bruno Ryves St. Martin’s Vintry. Josias Shute, A.M. St. Mary Woolnoth. Edward Sparke, A.M. St. Martin’s, Ironmonger Lane. —— Spencer St. Thomas, Southwark. John Squire, A.M. St. Leonard, Shoreditch. Dr. William Stamp Stepney. Dr. Matthew Stiles St. George, Botolph Lane. Benjamin Stone, A.M. St. Clement’s, Eastcheap. Dr. Thomas Swadlin St. Botolph, Aldgate. Humphry Tabor, A.M. St. Margaret, Lothbury. Thomas Thrall, A.M. St. Mary Monthaw. John Tireman, B.D. St. Mary Woolchurch. Thomas Tuke, A.M. St. Olave’s, Jewry. Dr. Thomas Turner St. Olave’s, Southwark. Daniel Tutivall Charter House. Ephraim Udal St. Augustine’s. Daniel Vochiere, A.M. St. Peter’s, Cheap. Dr. Bryan Walton St. Martin’s Ongars. William Ward St. Leonard’s, Foster Lane. —— Warfield St. Benet Fink. Dr. William Watts St. Alban’s, Wood Street. Richard Weemsley, A.M. St. John Baptist. Dr. Thomas Westfield Great St. Bartholomew. John Weston, A.M. Allhallows, Lombard Street. Gilbert Wimberly St. Margaret, Westminster. Thomas Woodcock, A.M. St. Mary At Hill.

It may be noted that of this list, 112 in number, 25 were either holders of canonries in some cathedral, or were pluralists.

APPENDIX III

ALMSHOUSES

The following is a list of almshouses belonging to and founded in the seventeenth century:—

Alleyn’s | 1614 | Petty France | 10 men and women | £2 and clothes Alleyn’s | 1616 | Old Street | 10 men, 1 woman | 26s. and clothes Alleyn’s | 1616 | Deadman’s | 10 men, 8 women | 26s. | | Place | | Amyas’ | 1655 | Old Street | 8 men or women | £5 Aske | 1692 | Hoxton | 8 men, 20 boys | £3 and clothes Badger’s | 1698 | Hoxton | 6 men and wives | 20s. Baron’s | 1682 | Shadwell | 15 women | 7s. a year Bayning | 1631 | Crutched | Parish Almshouses | | Friars | | Butler’s | 1675 | Wismount | 2 men and wives | £6 Camp’s | ? | Wormwood St. | 6 | 34s. 8d. Caron’s | 1623 | Vauxhall | 7 women | £4 Dewy’s | 1684 | Soho | ? | Emanuel | 1601 | Westminster | 20 men and women | £10 Grey Coat | 1698 | Westminster | { 80 boys } | £1457 Hospital | | | { 50 girls } | Green Coat | 1633 | Westminster | 20 boys | £300 Graham’s | 1686 | Soho | 4 women | £10 Hammond | 1651 | Snow Hill | 6 men | £10 Haws’s | 1686 | Poplar | 6 widows | 30s. Heath | 1648 | Islington | 10 men | £6 Hill’s | 1677 | Westminster | 3 men and wives | 1s. 8d. a week Jackson | 1685 | Deadman’s | 2 women | 1s. 8d. a week | | Place | | Lumley | 1672 | Old Street | 6 women | £4 Meggs | 1690 | Whitechapel | 12 women | £5:4s. Melor | 1691 | Stepney | 10 women | £8:13:4 Monger’s | 1669 | Hackney | 6 men | £2 Newbury | 1688 | Mile End | 12 women | £5:4s. Owen’s | 1610 | Whyton | 10 women | £3:16s. and clothes Palmer | 1654 | Westminster | 12 men and women | £6 Parnell | 1698 | Mile End | 8 women | 1s. 8d. a week, etc. Rogers | 1612 | Cripplegate | 6 men and wives | £4 St. Peter’s | 1618 | Newington | Fishmongers’ | | | Butts | Company | Sion College | 1623 | London Wall | 20 men and women | £6 Southampton | 1656 | St. Giles | | Spurstowe | 1666 | Hackney | 6 women | £4 Stafford | 1633 | Gray’s Inn | 4 men, 6 women | £6 and clothes | | Lane | | Trinity | 1695 | Mile End | 28 men | £10:12s. Hospital | | | | Walter’s | 1651 | Newington | 16 men and women | £3:10s. Watson’s | ? | Shoreditch | 12 women | 20s. and coals Whitcher | 1683 | Westminster | 6 men and women | £5 and a gown Wood’s | 1613 | Ratcliffe | 6 men | £6 and coals Young’s | 1694 | Southwark | 2 women | 1s. a week

From the almshouses turn to the schools. Those founded in the seventeenth century were as follows:—

Allhallows, Staining | Will. Linton | 1658 | £26 per annum | 6 boys Almonry | Emery Hill | 1677 | 7 „ „ | ... St. Saviour’s Church | Applebea | 1681 | 20 „ „ | 30 „ Yard | | | | Dunhill Fields | Trotman | 1673 | 80 „ „ | 30 „ Castle Street | Alf. Tenison | 1685 | 1500 „ „ | 30 „ Cherry Tree Alley | W. Worrall | 1689 | 30 „ „ | 40 „ East Smithfield | Sir S. Sterling | 1673 | 20 „ „ | 16 „ Islington | Dame Alice Owen | 1613 | 20 „ „ | 30 children Lambeth | R. Lawrence | 1661 | 35 „ „ | 20 „ Palmer’s School: _see_ | | | | Almshouses | | | | Grey Coat } _see_ | | | | Green Coat} Almshouses| | | | Parker’s Lane | W. Skelton | 1663 | ... | 50 boys Plow Yard | J. Hickson | 1689 | £30 per annum | 20 „ Rotherhithe | Hills and Bell | 1612 | 3 „ „ | 8 children Tothill Fields | Emery Hill | 1677 | | 20 boys Whitechapel | Davenant | 1686 | about £80 „ „ |{60 „ | | | |{40 girls

APPENDIX IV

COMPOSITION OF THE LORDS AND COMMONS

In 1687 there were in the House of Lords—12 Dukes, 2 Marquesses, 66 Earls, 9 Viscounts, 64 Barons, 2 Archbishops, and 24 Bishops. Total 181.

In the House of Commons—92 Knights of Counties, 25 cities 2 Knights each and Lords 4, 8 Cinque ports, 16 Barons, 2 Universities 2 burgesses each, and 344 burgesses for Boroughs.

APPENDIX V

ENLARGEMENT OF THE STREETS

The following rules were laid down for the enlargement and improvement of the streets:—

“Pursuant to the said Act of Parliament, a Common Council was called for the purposes thereof; in which it was enacted, ‘That the street called Fleet Street, from the place where the Greyhound Tavern stood to Ludgate, and from thence into St. Paul’s Churchyard, shall be further enlarged to be of the breadth of forty-five foot.

That the street leading from the east end of St. Paul’s Churchyard into Cheapside shall be further enlarged to be of the same breadth of forty-five foot.

That the street and passage at the east end of Cheapside, leading into the Poultry, shall be enlarged to be on a level line forty foot broad.

That the street and passage out of the Poultry, leading into the west end of Cornhill, shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of forty foot.

That Blowbladder Street, leading into Cheapside, shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of forty foot.

That Ave Mary Lane shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of eighteen foot.

That the street from Aldersgate, through St. Martin’s le Grand, into Blowbladder Street, shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of twenty-four foot.

That the passage from St. Magnus Church to the Conduit in Gracechurch Street shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of thirty-five foot.

That the north end of Gracechurch Street from Leadenhall shall be enlarged to be of the same breadth of thirty-five foot.

That Thames Street, from the West Corner of St. Magnus Church aforesaid to Tower Dock, shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of thirty foot.

That the ground where the Middle Row in the Shambles stood, and the ground of the four late houses in Newgate Market, between Warwick Lane end and the late Bell Inn, there, and also the ground where the Middle Row in Old Fish Street stood, shall be laid into the streets.

That there shall be a new street made from the Guildhall into Cheapside, of the breadth of thirty-six foot.

That Pannier Alley, between Paternoster Row and Newgate Market, shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of nine foot, and paved with free-stone for a foot-passage.

That St. Paul’s Alley, between Paternoster Row and St. Paul’s Churchyard, shall be also enlarged to be of the same breadth of nine foot, and paved with free-stone for a foot-passage.

That Grocers Alley in the Poultry shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of eleven foot.

That Scalding Alley there shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of nine foot.

That Old Swan Alley in Thames Street shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of fourteen foot.

That Love Lane in Thames Street shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of ten foot.

That the cross Lane between St. Dunstan’s Hill and Harp Lane shall be enlarged to be of the breadth of fourteen foot.

And be it farther enacted, ordained, and declared, That all streight and narrow passages, not fourteen foot broad, which have been or shall be staked out by the Surveyor hereunto appointed by this Court to the breadth of fourteen foot, shall be enlarged accordingly, and in such manner, as they now are, or shall be staked and set out.

And this court was farther consenting and desirous, that all other streight and narrow passages, not before particularly mentioned (which should be found convenient to be enlarged for the common benefit and accommodation, and should receive his Majesty’s Order and approbation), should and might be enlarged and made wider, and otherwise altered, before the twenty-ninth day of May now next ensuing, as should be fitting for the beauty, ornament, and conveniency thereof, and staked and set out accordingly’” (_Maitland_, vol. i. p. 443).

RULES FOR THE PITCHING AND LEVELLING THE STREETS

“1. Tower Dock in Thames Street is to be raised 3 foot: At 147 foot upwards from Thames Street to be raised 2 foot 10 inches: At the highest part in Tower Street, against the middle of St. Allhallows Barking churchyard, to be sunk 6 in.

2. Beer Lane is to be raised at Thames Street 8 ft., at 90 ft. upwards 4 ft., and to be abated at 192 ft. upwards 3 inch., and at Tower Street 6 inch.

3. Water Lane is to be raised at Thames Street 6 ft., at 83 ft. upwards nothing, and to be abated at 128 ft. upwards 1 ft. 11 inch., at Tower Street 3 ft. 10 inch.

4. Harp Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 7 ft., at 100 ft. upwards 4 ft. 7 inch., and to be abated at 180 ft. 1 ft. 6 inch., at 270 ft. 6 ft. 4 inch., at Tower Street 6 ft. 4 inch.

5. Idle Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 7 ft., at 90 ft. upwards 4 ft. 2 inch., and to be abated at 165 ft. upwards 2 ft. 3 inch., at 262 ft. 5 ft. 10 inch., in Tower Street 3 ft. 6 inch.

6. St. Dunstan’s Hill, beginning at Idle Lane, is to be raised 4 ft. 2 inch., at 76 ft. upwards 3 ft. 3 inch., at 126 ft. 1 ft., and to be abated at 226 ft. 2 ft. 1 inch., at Tower Street 2 ft. 10 inch.

7. St. Mary Hill is to be raised in Thames Street 5 ft., at 87 ft. upwards 2 ft. 6 inch., and to be abated at 187 ft. 1 ft. 8 inch., at 287 ft. 5 ft. 8 inch., at 387 ft. 6 ft. 4 inch., at little East Cheap 3 ft. 8.

8. Love Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 100 ft. upwards 6 ft., at 200 ft. 2 ft. 3 inch., and to be abated at 270 ft. 3 ft. 10 inch., at 370 ft. 8 ft., at 470 ft. 6 ft. 5 inch, at East Cheap 3 ft. 10 inch.

9. Botolph Lane is to be raised at Thames Street 4 ft., at 133 ft. upwards 4 ft. 5 inch., at 233 ft. 10 inch., and to be abated at 333 ft. 2 ft., at 433 ft. 2 ft., at East Cheap 3 inch.

10. Pudding Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 7 ft., at 115 ft 5 ft. 5 inch., at 212 ft. 1 ft. 8 inch., and to be abated at 300 ft. 3 ft. 7 inch., at 400 ft. 6 ft., at East Cheap 5 ft. 9 inch.

11. New Fish Street Hill is to be raised at Thames Street 2 ft., at 80 ft. upwards 2 ft., and to be abated at 280 ft. nothing; at 380 ft. 2 ft. 9 inch., at East Cheap 4 ft.

12. St. Michael’s Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 7 ft., at 80 ft. upwards 6 ft. 9 inch., at 280 ft. 6 ft. 6 inch., at 380 ft. 2 ft. 10 inch., and to be abated at 380 ft. 8 inch., at East Cheap 5 inch.; the current of it is 13 inch. upon 20 ft.

13. St. Martin’s Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 6 ft., at 103 ft. 6 ft., at 203 ft. 4 ft. 3 inch., at 303 ft. 2 inch., and to be abated at 403 ft. 1 inch, at Cannon Street 2 ft. 8 inch.

14. Green Lettice and Duck’s Field Lanes are to be raised at Thames Street 3 ft., at 135 ft. 1 ft. 10 inch., and abated at 235 ft. 2 ft. 11 inch., at 297 ft. 4 ft. 5 inch., at 397 ft. 5 ft. 5 inch., at Cannon Street 10 inch.

15. St. Lawrence Pountney Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 157 ft. 3 ft. 7 inch., and abated at 261 ft. 11 inch., at 361 ft. 4 ft., at Cannon Street 2 ft. 8 inch.

16. Suffolk Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 3 ft., at 110 ft. upwards 2 inch., and to be abated at 190 ft. 3 ft. 6 inch., at 290 ft. 7 ft. 9 inch., at the entrance into Duck’s Field Lane 4 ft. 4 inch.

17. Bush Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 3 ft., at 103 ft. 2 ft., and to be abated at 203 ft. 8 inch., at 303 ft. 4 ft. 4 inch., in Cannon Street nothing.

18. Dowgate is to be raised in Thames Street 3 ft., at 134 ft. 1 ft. 4 inch., and to be abated at 288 ft. 1 ft. 8 inch., the current 1 upon 34.

19. College Hill is to be raised at Thames Street 3 ft., at 216 ft. 3 inch., the current 1 upon 35.

20. Garlick Hill is to be raised at Thames Street 3 ft., at 216 ft. 11 inch., the current 1 upon 26.

21. Little Trinity Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 75 ft. 2 ft. 11 inch., and to be abated at 150 ft. 1 ft. 4 inch., at 250 ft. 3 ft., at Great Trinity Lane 5 ft. Current 1 upon 18.

22. Huggen Lane is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 63 ft. 3 ft. 1 inch., and abated at 153 ft. 1 ft. 10 inch., at 253 ft. 5 ft. 7 inch., at Trinity Lane 7 ft. Current 1 upon 18-1/2.

23. Bread Street Hill is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 53 ft. 3 ft., at 153 ft. 3 inch., and abated at 253 ft. 2 ft. 11 inch., at Trinity Lane end 3 ft. 6 inch. Current 1 upon 20.

24. Old Fish Street Hill is to be raised at Thames Street 4 ft. and abated at 100 ft. 1 ft. 7 inch., at 200 ft. 4 ft. 9 inch., at 300 ft. 3 ft. Current 1 upon 16.

25. Lambeth Hill is to be raised in Thames Street 4 ft., at 73 ft. 11 inch., and to be abated at 173 ft. 3 ft. 6 inch., at Old Fish Street 3 ft. Current 1 upon 17-1/2.

26. The Old ’Change is to be abated at Fish Street 3 ft. 6 inch., at St. Austin’s Gate 1 ft. 9 inch., the current 1 upon 68.

27. St. Paul’s Chain, or St. Bennet’s Hill, is to be raised in Thames Street 8 ft., at 100 ft. 3 ft. 11 inch., and to be abated at 190 ft. 2 ft. 5 inch., at 340 ft. 4 ft. 3 inch., at 490 ft. 1 ft., in St. Paul’s Churchyard as it was.

28. Puddle Dock is to be raised at Thames Street end 8 ft., at 56 ft. 6 ft. 2 inch., at 196 ft. 3 ft. 3 inch., at 286 ft. 3 ft. 3 inch., at 386 ft. 9 inch., and to be abated at Carter Lane 1 ft. 7 inch.

29. Creed Lane at Carter Lane end is to be abated 3 ft., and so gradually to Ludgate Hill.

30. Ludgate Hill is to be raised at Fleet Bridge 6 ft., at 200 ft. upwards 8 ft. 7 inch., at 300 ft. 5 ft. 2-1/2, at 400 ft. 11 inch., and to be abated at Ludgate 10 inch., at Ave Mary Lane end 1 ft. 8 inch., at St. Paul’s Churchyard nothing.

31. Mark Lane is to be abated at the ending in Tower Street 3 ft., and so gradually to about 150 ft. up the lane.

32. Rood Lane is to be abated all the length of it. In Eastcheap 3 ft. 8 inch. In Fenchurch Street 1 ft.; the descent for the current is 1 upon 41.

33. Grace Church Street is to be sunk at Eastcheap 4 ft., at the conduit 4 ft., at Lombard Street end 2 ft. 10 inches, the descent for the current 1 upon 68.

34. Cannon Street is to be abated in Eastcheap, at Grace Church Street 4 ft., the highest ground at 200 ft. within the street, near St. Michael’s Lane end; the other parts of it are to be sunk according to the endings of the streets before-mentioned.

35. Lombard Street is to be abated at Grace Church Street 2 ft. 10 inch., and so gradually to about 250 ft. within the street, where is to be the highest ground of it.

36. Bread Street is to be abated at Trinity Lane end 3 ft. 6 inch., at Watling Street 3 ft. 2 inch., and so gradually to Cheapside; the descent for its current 1 upon 60.

37. Friday Street is to be abated at Old Fish Street 3 ft., at Watling Street 2 ft., the Current 1 upon 70.

38. Watling Street is to be abated at the places mentioned.

39. Cheapside, about Wood Street end, is to be raised 2 ft., and so gradually eastward and westward, and that raising to end at the Old ’Change westward, and Soper Lane eastward.

40. The Stocks to be abated 2 ft., and that abatement to be gradually extended into Cornhill, Lombard Street, Threadneedle Street, and the Poultry, and a little way into Wallbrook, which about the South end of the churchyard of St. Mary Woolchurch is to be raised about 2 ft., that the current of the water that way may be stopt, and turned back toward the Stocks, whence it is to be conveyed by a grated Sewer into the main Sewer not far distant” (_Maitland_, vol. i. pp. 444, 445).

APPENDIX VI

THE NEW BUILDINGS OF LONDON

The following is taken from a contemporary pamphlet:—

“A Particular of the new buildings within the Bills of Mortality, and without the City of London, from the year 1656 to 1677, according to the account now taken by the churchwardens of the several Parishes and the old account of New Houses from 1620 to 1656, and what they did amount to at one whole year’s value, as appears by the Duplicate in the Exchequer:

+-------------------------+-------+-------+----------------+ | | 1677. | 1656. | Value. | +-------------------------+-------+-------+----------------+ | | | | £ _s._ _d._ | | Westminster | 490 | | | | Martins in the Fields | 1780 | | | | St. Giles in the Fields | 889 | 141 | 4855 8 6 | | Convent Garden | 59 | 342 | 10,859 4 0 | | Savoy | 37 | | | | St. Clement Danes | 253 | 183 | 3794 0 0 | | S. Dustan in the West | 72 | | | | St. Bridget | 126 | 146 | 1475 15 0 | | St. Andrews, Holbourn | 550 | | | | St. Bridewell Precinct | | | | | St. Sepulchre | 35 | 127 | 725 11 2 | | Clerkenwell | 199 | | | | Bartholomew Great | 11 | 47 | 205 15 0 | | Bartholomew Less | | | | | Aldersgate | 102 | 30 | 390 0 0 | | Criplegate | | 517 | 3362 1 0 | | Bishopsgate | 208 | 265 | 1925 7 0 | | Algate | 50 | 520 | 2855 7 8 | | Minories | 16 | 6 | 45 0 0 | | St. Katherines | 24 | 51 | 370 7 0 | | White Chappel | 423 | 291 | 2620 4 4 | | Shoreditch | 144 | 348 | 1170 7 0 | | Stepney | 2137 | 1625 | 11,719 6 10 | | Shadwell | 289 | | | | Hackney | 51 | | | | Islington | 25 | | | | S. Saviours, Southwark | | 339 | 2137 11 4 | | S. Olave, Southwark | 385 | 147 | 963 12 4 | | S. George, Southwark | 231 | 144 | 595 18 0 | | S. Thomas, Southwark | | 160 | 788 19 10 | | Redriff | 219 | 59 | 397 7 0 | | Bermondsey | 349 | 428 | 3669 9 10 | | Christ-Church | 100 | | | | Newington | 107 | 247 | 995 2 8 | | Lambeth | 185 | 383 | 1684 6 4 | | | +-------+----------------+ | | | 6646 | 57,606 1 10 | +-------------------------+-------+-------+----------------+

The total of the New Buildings from 1656 to 1677 is about Ten Thousand.

The Total from 1620 to 1656 was about Seven Thousand Five Hundred.

Their value at one year’s rent about Seventy Thousand Pound if it had been collected.

Though the particular makes the number but 6646, and the sum but 57,606 Pounds, some Parishes being wanting.

As there have been great mistakes about the Damage and Nuisance by the increase of New Buildings in the Suburbs: so by this we may see the mistake to be as great about their number and value; some reporting their number to be Twenty Thousand; others Thirty Thousand: though it is very plain to any man that considers that their number cannot be much above Ten Thousand, for that the Total of all the Houses, both New and Old, both in the City and in the Bills of Mortality, are not Threescore Thousand.

That this is true, and that the number from 1656 to 1677 cannot much exceed Ten Thousand, will appear by comparing the Increase of the Burials from 1620 to 1656 with the particular of the New Houses built within that time....

The Medium is the Increase of two Burials for every five houses that were built, so that the Increase of Two Thousand Five Hundred Houses raises the Burials One Thousand.

And If we examine the Increase of the Burials from 1656 to 1677 we shall find them to be about Four Thousand, which being but a fourth more than were from 1620 to 1656. The new houses since that time cannot be reckoned above a Fourth, which makes the Total about Ten Thousand.

And this way of calculation, though it may not exactly discover the particular number of Houses, yet it is sufficient to prove there can be no mistake of Thousands in the Account: for that the Inhabitants of two or three Thousand Houses would have added a visible Increase to the Burials.

And to fully justify this computation, it agrees very well with the calculation made by the Ingenious Mr. Grant both of the Total number of the Inhabitants within the Bills of Mortality, and his probable guess that about three in one hundred die, allowing twelve Inhabitants to every House, one with another, which no man I suppose will dispute.

This will apparently confute that wild conjecture of some, who report that there is Three Thousand Five Hundred New Houses in St. Martin’s Parish, when the Burials of that Parish are not above Eighteen Hundred in a year: so that the Total of New and Old in that Parish cannot be above Four Thousand Five Hundred, and therefore it is probable that the Account of 1780 now given in is very true.

The conjectures of many concerning the value of these Houses, that they will make twenty pounds a year one with another, and raise two or three Thousand pounds, are as false as about the number of them.

For Ten Thousand Houses will not raise about fifty Thousand pounds, it being the half years value at ten pounds a year one with another, which is the most they can be reckoned at.

As will plainly appear from the account of the value of those seven thousand five hundred Houses, which did not amount to Seventy Thousand pound at a whole year’s value, as appears by the Duplicate in the Exchequer, they are making one with another ten pound a year.

Now the great houses in the Piazza, Lincolns-Inn-Fields, and Queen-street, were equal in value to these twenty-two Houses in St. James Square, or Bloomsbury Square, or other places: and are more in number of that sort of Houses than have been built since.

Besides the middle sort of Houses in the streets of Covent-Garden, Long-Acre, Clare-Market, Old-Southampton Buildings, and other places have equall’d both the number and value of Leicester-Fields, Bloomesbury, York-Buildings, Essex-Buildings and the rest. And the number of the small houses at four and five pounds per Annum since 1656 are much greater.

So that upon enquiry it is plain that the Houses that were built before 1656 were equal in value to what have been built since. And therefore it is not probable that a Tax upon the New foundation can raise above Fifty Thousand Pound, which considered with the charge of collecting it, and the loss of His Majesties customes upon Timber, Boards, Wainscot and Iron, being not less than Ten Thousand pound per annum, which will be occasioned by the discouraging of Building will not bring in Thirty Thousand pounds clear into the Exchequer, if it were possible to make the Law so that all might be collected.

But not to mention how hard the purchasers of New Houses will believe such a Law to be, having paid a valuable consideration for them and offended no Law.

Nor how severe the Workmen Builders will think they are dealt with, to be punished for exercising their lawful Trades.

Nor how partial it will be to those that build since 1656, that have already paid a year’s value. Not to mention what the owners of the great houses that have been altered think, not being allowed the £500 a year which their Houses yielded before: since they pay for improvement by the building of their Gardens.

Nor what is general all those sufferers will think, who believe they have done good service to the nation by Building. The Law will have this peculiar disadvantage, it will be impossible so to word it, or to comprize all men’s interests, so as to raise that money as shall be designed by it. For after the Commissioners of Oliver’s Act had set four years, they did pay in Twenty Thousand pounds into the Exchequer of the £70,000 that was returned upon the Duplicates.”

APPENDIX VII

GARDENS

“The garden played a large part in the recreation of the citizens. A contemporary account of the principal London gardens is here subjoined:—

_Chelsea Physick Garden_ has a great variety of plants both in and out of greenhouses. Their perennial green hedges and rows of different coloured herbs are very pretty, and so are their banks set with shades of herbs in the Irish stitchway, but many plants of the garden were not in so good order as might be expected, and as would have been answerable to other things in it. After I had been there, I heard that Mr. Watts, the keeper of it, was blamed for his neglect and that he would be removed.

_My Lord Ranelagh’s Garden_ being but lately made, the plants are but small, but the plants, borders, and walks are curiously kept, and elegantly designed, having the advantage of opening into Chelsea college walks. The kitchen garden there lies very fine, with walks and seats, one of which, being large and covered, was then under the hands of a curious painter. The house there is very fine within, all the rooms being wainscoted with Norway oak, and all the chimneys adorned with carving, as in the council-chamber in Chelsea College.

_Arlington Garden_, being now in the hands of my lord of Devonshire, is a fair place, with good walks, both airy and shady. There are six of the greatest earthern pots that are anywhere else, being at least two feet over within the edge: but they stand abroad, and have nothing in them but the tree holy-oke, an indifferent plant, which grows well enough in the ground. Their greenhouse is very well, and their green-yard excels: but their greens are not so bright and clean as farther off in the country, as if they suffered something from the smutty air of the town.

_Kensington Gardens_ are not great nor abounding with fine plants. The orange, lemon, myrtles, and what other trees they had there in summer, were all removed to Mr. London’s and Mr. Wise’s greenhouse at Brompton Park, a little mile from them. But the walks and grass laid very fine, and they were digging up a flat of four or five acres to enlarge their garden.

_The Queen Dowager’s Garden_, at Hammersmith, has a good greenhouse, with a high erected front to the South, whence the roof falls backward. The house is well stored with greens of common kinds: but the Queen not being for curious plants or flowers, they want of the most curious sorts of greens, and in the garden there is little of value but wall trees: though the gardener there, Monsieur Hermon Van Guine, is a man of great skill and industry, having raised great numbers of orange and lemon trees by inoculation, with myrtles, Roman bayes, and other greens of pretty shapes which he has to dispose of.

_Sir Thomas Cooke’s Garden_ at Hackney is very large, and not so fine at present, because of his intending to be at three thousand pounds charge with it this next summer, as his gardener said. There are two greenhouses in it, but the greens are not extraordinary, for one of the roofs, being made a receptacle for water, overcharged with weight, fell down last year upon the greens, and made a great destruction among the trees and pots. In one part of it is a warren, containing about two acres, very full of coneys, though there was but a couple put in a few years since. There is a pond or a mote round about them, and on the outside of that a brick wall four feet high, both which I think will not keep them within their compass. There is a large fish-pond lying on the South to a brick wall, which is finely clad with philaria. Water brought from far in pipes furnishes his several ponds as they want it.

_The Archbishop of Canterbury’s Garden_ at Lambeth has little in it but walks, the late archbishop not delighting in one, but they are now making them better: and they have already made a greenhouse, one of the finest and costliest about the town. It is of three rooms, the middle having a stove under it: the forsides of the room are almost all glass, the roof covered with lead, the whole part (to adorn the building) rising gavel wise higher than the rest: but it is placed so near Lambeth church that the sun shines most on it in winter after eleven o’clock: a fault owned by the gardener, but not thought on by the contrivers. Most of the greens are oranges and lemons, which have very large ripe fruit on them.

Mr. Evelyn had a pleasant villa at Deptford, a fine garden for walks and hedges (especially his holly on which he writes of in his _Sylva_) and a pretty little greenhouse with an indifferent stock in it. In this garden he has four large round philarias, smooth clipped, raised on a single stalk from the ground, a fashion now much used. Part of his garden is very woody and shady for walking: but his garden not being walled, has little of the best fruits.”

INDEX

Abductions of women, 125 Abram men, 346 Academy of Arts, planned, 326 Act of Indemnity, 81 Act of Uniformity, 81 Actors, 321 Actresses, first introduced, 318 Agriculture, bad state of, 126 Ailesbury, Earl of, 173 Albemarle, Duke of. See _Monk, General_ Aldermen, 12, 17, 37, 52, 69, 72, 76, 88, 128, 155, 218, 333, 335; court of, 114, 207, 358; election of, 119 Aldersgate, 275, 335; Street, 173, 253, 275 Aldgate, 13, 103, 151, 262, 277, 305 Allen, Lady, 266 Allin, Rev. John, 230 Allor, Edward, 327 Almshouses, 158, 360; list of, 372, 373 Alsatia, 146, 168, 348 Alsatians, 126 Ambassadors, reception of, 172; houses of, 39–42; chapels of, 42, 116 America, emigration to, 32 Amwell, 9 Anderson, William, 204 Anderton, Henry, 327 Andrews, Thomas, 52 Anglers, 346 Anne, Queen, and the City, 127; at Sacheverell’s trial, 131; dies, 134 Anne of Denmark, Queen, 143, 173 Antiquaries, Society of, 239 Apothecaries’ Hall, 248 Apprentices, 19, 27, 57, 69, 121, 186–189, 305, 347, 352 Aqueducts, 121 Aragon, Don Blasco de, 11 Archer, Thomas, 327 Ardee, Dr., 162 Arlington Garden, 381 Armstrong, Archie, 329 Arthur, Prince, 9 Artillery Lane, 275 Arundel, Earl of, 10, 326 Arundel House, 172, 173, 270 Astrology, 162, 238, 239 Atkins, Alderman, 37, 52, 64 Atkyns, Edward, 265 Aubrey, 309 Austin Friars, 262 Axtell, Colonel Daniel, 81 Aylesbury House, 272

Backhouse, Sir W., 266 Bacon, Lord, 139, 234, 235, 239 Baldwin’s Gardens, 171 Ballad-singers, 182 Banbury, Lord, 126 Bancroft, Thomas, 354 Bankers, 86, 196 Bank of England, 202–205; effect of, on City and Crown, 205 Bankside, 243, 261, 320 Bann Fishery, 207 Baptism, 148, 150 Barbadoes, 34 Barbican, 173, 269, 275, 278 Barking, 84 Barmisie Lane, 270 Barnard’s Inn, 276 Barristers, 178 Bartholomew Fair, 221, 333, 335, 336, 362 Bartholomew Lane, 262 Baynard’s Castle, 173, 253 Basing Lane, 140 Basinghall Street, 222, 265 Bassishaw, Ward of, 105 Bastwick, Dr., 144 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, 252 Beggars, 230, 357 Bellamy, Richard, 6 Bellmen, 257 Bell Yard, 277 Benefit of Clergy, 345 Berkeley, Lord, 173, 177 Berkeley, Mr. Justice, 29 Berkeley House, 274 Berkeley of Stratton, Lord, 177 Berkstead, 80 Bermondsey, 18; Lane, 270 Bermudas, 17, 34 Bethel, Slingsby, 92 Bethlehem Churchyard, 275 Bethnal Green, 198, 245 Betterton, 321 Bible, the, 137, 139; the Geneva, 141 Bigod, Roger, 336 Billingsgate, 43, 242, 251 Bishopsgate, 13, 78, 362; Bar, 272; Street, 38, 155, 262, 265, 269, 275, 316 Blackfriars, 18, 116, 128, 132, 155, 171, 178, 262, 281, 303 Blackman Street, 272 Blackwall, 84, 272 Blackwell, Edward, 86 Blood, Colonel, 85 Bloomsbury, 269 Blow, John, 326 Bludworth, Sir T., 179 Boleyn, Anne, 299 Bonner, Nicholas, 327 Book of Sports, 15 Boonen, Guilliam, 338 Boorde, Dr. Andrew, 236 Borough, the, 66, 171 Bouverie Street, 349 Bow Lane, 159 Box, Ralph, 95 Boyer, Sir W., 177 Bradshaw, Cornewall, 179 Bradshaw, John, 52 Bread Street Hill, 279 Brentwood, 160 Brick Lane, 275 Brides Lane, 266 Bridewell, 266, 270 Bridges—Fleet, 268; Holborn, 262, 266, 276; London, 169, 242, 244, 248, 253, 256, 270, 282; Strand, 75; Westminster, 267 Bridgwater, Earl of, 173, 177 Bridgwater House, 275 Bristol, 152 Britain’s Burse, 197 Broad Street, 262 Broggers, 14 Brompton Park, 381 Brook House, 173, 276 Brooke, Baron, 177 Browne, General, 45, 50, 76 Browne, Sir R., 78, 260, 266 Brydges Street, 251 Bubb, Captain, 162 Buckingham, Duke of, 25, 30, 31 Buckingham, Earl of, 177 Buckingham, 2nd Duke of, 76, 198 Buckingham House, 270 Buckingham Palace, 313 Bucklersbury, 116 Bunhill, 179, 274; Fields, 272 Burgess, Cornelius, 152 Burghley, Lord, 161 Burial, 147, 148 Burlington, Earl of, 177 Burroughs, Captain John, 179 Burton, Henry, 144 Busby, Captain, 340 Butcher’s Close, 274 Butcher’s Row, 276, 277 Butler, Samuel, 157, 238 Butter, Nathaniel, 327 Buttolph’s Wharf, 260 Byzantine Gift, 363

Calico-printing, 199 Cambridge, 361 Campden, Viscount, 177 Canning Street, 260, 262 Cannon Street, 265 Canterbury, Archbishop of, 218, 220 Carmen, 357 Carnarvon, 144 Carnarvon, Earl of, 173 Carolina, Provinces of, 128 Carpets, 288 Carr, Sir R., 177 Carter Street, 275 Carts, licensed, 182 Castlemaine, Lady, 300 Castle Street, 248 Cateaton Street, 105, 266 Catherine of Braganza, Queen, 173 Catholic chapels, 154, 155; destroyed, 116, 125 Catholic Priests, 6, 126, 154, 257 Catholics, 5–8, 18, 20, 38–40, 89, 90, 91, 108, 109, 110, 116, 126, 137, 139, 142, 154, 155, 156, 250, 257, 264 Cavaliers, cruelty of, 61–63 Cecil, Lord, 11 Chadwell, 9 Chamberlayne, 289, 329 Chambers, Alderman, 64 Chambers, Robert, 29 Chancery Lane, 266, 270, 276 Charing Cross, 292, 312 Charles I. and New River Shares, 9; and the City, 20, 24, 25; and Dr. Lambe, 25–27; and the Cheapside shops, 28; and Parliament, 34, 35, 37; and the Puritans, 141; and Monopolies, 195; and the Irish Society, 195; and Emigration, 196; and Art, 326 Charles II., his pledges before accession, 73, 75; his welcome, 74–76; lands, 75; enters London, 76; Coronation, 76; and the City, 82–102; and the Exchequer, 86; and Parliament, 86, 89, 90; his court, 100–102, 363–368; his income, 199; and the Irish Society, 210, 211; and the Plague, 218, 220; and the Fire, 260–264, 266 Charles Street, Westminster, 347 Charlton, 362 Charterhouse Lane, 173 Cheapside, 26, 28, 75, 78, 107, 118, 188, 200, 243, 246, 256, 262, 280, 287 Chelsea, 193; Physick Garden, 381; College, 381 Cheshire rising, the, 151 Chester, 144 Chichester, Sir A., 208 Chick Lane, 274 Child’s Bank, 204 Chimneys, 359 Chimney-sweepers, 182 Chiswell, 269 Chiswell Street, 78, 272, 275 Chocolate-houses, 296 Christmas, 141, 359 Chronologer, City, 178, 179 Churches—Altar-rails, 155; Images and pictures, 147, 151; Organs, 147; Vestments, 147, 151; Registers, 147; Behaviour in, 149; Services, 158; Conventicles turned into, 155; Rebuilt after Fire, 256, 280; Ceremonies at building of, 361; All Hallows in the Wall, 256; All Hallows the Less, 253; Barking, 261; Chapels, Royal, 326, 334, 363; Christ Church, Newgate, 46, 64; Grey Friars, 246; Holy Trinity, Minories, 256; Lambeth, 382; St. Alphege, 280; St. Andrew’s, Holborn, 133, 276; St. Anne’s, Blackfriars, 248; St. Bartholomew by the Exchange, 43; St. Bartholomew the Great, 274; St. Bartholomew the Less, 274; St. Botolph, Aldgate, 149, 150,275; St. Bride’s, Fleet Street, 276; St. Dunstan’s, Fleet Street, 75, 245, 262, 265, 266, 267, 277; St. Ethelburga, 280; St. Faith’s, 264, 267, 268; St. Giles’s, 275; St. Giles’s in the Fields, 44; St. George’s, Southwark, 243, 270, 316; St. James’s, Duke’s Place, 151; St. James’s, Clerkenwell, 272; St. James’s, Garlickhithe, 150; St. Lawrence, Pountney, 265; St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch, 269, 272, 274; St. Margaret’s, Lothbury, 43; St. Mary le Bow, 118, 265, 280; St. Mary Overies, 171, 243; St. Mary Spital, 269; St. Michael’s, 280; St. Olave’s, Old Jewry, 247; St. Paul’s Cathedral, 128, 130, 151, 152, 245, 246, 253, 258, 262, 264, 265, 267, 268, 315, 326; St. Peter’s, Cornhill, 151, 280; St. Saviour’s, Southwark, 130; St. Sepulchre’s, 262, 274, 276; St. Swithen’s, Candlewick Street, 245; St. Thomas of Acon, 246; Stepney, 269; Temple, 265; Westminster Abbey, 5, 267; Whitechapel, 44 Church of England—after the Restoration, 154; and Charles I., 111; and the City, 131; High Church party, 127, 130–133, 144, 145, 146; Growth of, 133; Footing in, 145, 146 Church-houses, 360 City, the—Area of after Fire, 272; Expansion of, 269; families, 176; inhabited by merchants, 173; health of, 283; new houses built in, 180; small tenements in, 180; Protestant, 20; turns Royalist, 69–73; sanitation of, 283; rebuilt after Fire, 251, 254, 256, 264, 265, 279 287; and Charles I., 24, 25; and Charles II., 82–102; and the Church of England, 131; and the Civil War, 42–46, 49, 53–63; and the Commonwealth, 64–73; and the County Gentry, 173, 174; and the election of Sheriffs, 17; and the fleet, 25, 28, 29; and the Freemen, 134; and the Irish Estates, 29, 30, 207–212; and James I., 9, 20, 21; and James II., 110, 114; and the nobility, 278; and its orphans, 120, 121; and Parliament, 46, 47, 50; and the Protector, 68; and Queen Anne, 127; and religion, 31; and supplies and loans, 34, 35, 36, 46, 47, 49, 67, 73, 89, 199, 205; and William III., 117, 118 City Companies, 17, 18, 25, 37, 207, 230; Clothworkers, 9; Grocers, 201, 202; Merchant Adventurers, 18; Merchant Taylors, 18; Pin-makers, 202; Skinners, 72, 211; Weavers, 196; Woodmongers, 182 Civil War—Defence of London in, 43, 44, 49; Trade ruined by, 44, 57, 67; and the City, 45, 46 Clapper Doyens, 346 Clare, Earl of, 173, 177 Clare Market, 321 Clarendon, Earl of, 142, 177 Clarges, John, 354; Ann, 354 Clement, Gregory, 81 Clement’s Inn, 270, 277 Clench, Dr., 126 Clergy, the, 125, 141, 143; Accusations against, 149, 150; and the Bishops, 35; ejected, 150, 151, 369–371; persecuted, 146, 149; Pluralists, 371 Clerkenwell, 6, 44, 132, 262, 269, 272; Close, 272; Green, 272; Spa Fields, 315 Clifford, Lord, 177 Clifford’s Inn, 256, 277 Cloth Fair, 275, 335, 336 Cloth trade, 192, 194 Coal trade, 198 Cobham, Lord, 5 Cock Lane, 276 Cockaine’s Patent, 194 Cockpit, the, 155 Coffee-houses, 315; the first, 294 Coffin, R., 125 Coherton, Mrs., 125 Coinage, 199, 200 Coke, Sir E., 361 Cold Harbour, 18, 246, 253 Coleman Street, 77 Coleraine settled, 207, 208, 209 Comminuta, N., 125 Common Council, 8, 17, 42, 43, 48, 50, 52, 66, 72, 73, 88, 92, 208, 254, 357; Court of, 114; election of, 119 Common Prayer, Book of, abolished, 147, 148; publicly torn, 149 Companies’ Halls, 246; Drapers’, 189; Fishmongers’, 253; Goldsmiths’, 50; Grocers’, 46, 49, 204; Haberdashers’, 80; Leadenhall, 9, 78, 265; Mercers’, 75; Merchant Taylors’, 91, 265; Skinners’, 99, 72; Weavers’, 50 Compting House, 366 Conduit Head, 179 Congreve, 292 Constables, 356, 357 Conventicles, list of, in 1680, 156 157; turned into churches, 155 Conway, Lord, 262 Cooke, 326 Cooke, Sir T., his garden, 381 Cooling, Joseph, 349 Cooper, Samuel, 326 Copper tokens, 317 Corbet, 80 Corinthian, Tom, 331 Cornhill, 246, 262, 294 Cornish, Henry, 92, 97, 105–108 Correggio, 326 Cosmo, Duke of Tuscany, 182, 289, 330 Cotton, Sir Robert, 200 Council of State, the, 150 Country Gentry—and Trade, 174; dress of, 302 Court of Conscience, 8 Courtney, Viscount, 177 Covent Garden, 56, 168, 186, 251, 262, 270, 280, 315 Coventry, Earl of, 177 Coventry, Lord Keeper, 29 Cow Cross, 274 Cowden’s Rents, 279 Crafts, feuds between, 280 Craftsman, 139; wages, 184; leave City, 269; dress of, 302 Cramp Ring, the, 163; rite of blessing, 166, 167 Crane, Sir F., 200 Craven, Earl of, 173, 177, 218 Crimes, 345, 346 Crimping, 184, 185 Cripplegate, 78, 220, 223, 269, 275 Crisp, Sir N., 177 Crofton, Zachary, 150, 151 Cromwell, Oliver, 64, 65, 68, 150, 151, 276; and the Irish Estates, 210, 211 Crooked Lane, 242 Crystal-gazing, 162 Cuckold’s Point, 362 Cullons, Thomas, 49 Cunningham, 292 Customs duties, 190, 198 Custom House, 246, 251 Cutler, Sir J., 177

Damiens, 104 Daniel, Cromwell’s Porter, 157 Davenant, Sir W., 198, 240, 321 Day, Cornet, 77 Deadman’s Place, 146 Dean Street, 275 Debtors, 8, 168, 349 Declaration of Indulgence, 110; the second, 112 Defoe, Daniel, 160, 217, 223, 224 De Grammont, 347 Delamere, Lord, 116 De-Laune, Thomas, 363 Dentists, 235 Deptford, 223, 362, 382 Derby, Earl of, 10 Derby House, 173, 256 Derry settled, 207, 208, 209 Devil, the, bargains with, 160, 161 Devonshire, Duke of, 381 Devonshire, Earl of, 10, 177 _Dictionary of Dreams_, 161 Disception, 150 Disorderly houses, 13, 100, 186 Dissenters. See _Nonconformists_. Diving bell, 126 Divines, Council of, in 1643, 146, 147 Dobson, William, 326 Doctor’s Commons, 178, 251 Dodd, Rev. J., 149 Dolben, Dean, 267; Sir W., 88 Dommerers, 346 Doolittle, Mr., 155 Dorchester, Marquis of, 173, 177, 275 Dorset, Earl of, 10, 177, 179 Dorset House, 264 Douglas, Captain, 116 Downes, Bartholomew, 327 Downey, Sir G., 80 Droman, David, 329 Drummond’s Bank, 292 Drunkenness, 356 Drury, Father, 19 Drury Lane, 56, 125, 173, 222, 270, 321, 332 Dryden, 252, 314 Dubois, John, 95, 96 Ducking-pond, 272; stool, 346 Duelling, 126, 346 Dugdale, Sir W., 54, 361 Duke’s Place, 18, 262 Duke Street, Covent Garden, 125 Duke Street, Westminster, 347 Duncombe, Sir S., 340 Dungeons, 359, 360 D’Urfey, Tom, 101, 336 Durham House, 197, 270 Dutch trade, 190, 191

Eastcheap, 246 Easter, 359 East India Company, 193, 194, 196 Eastminster, 269 Education, 278, 361 Eliot, Sir J., 30 Elizabeth, Queen, 299 Ely House, 173, 276 Embalming, 235 Emigrants, ages of, 34 Emigration, 32–34, 83, 128, 142, 143, 184, 196, 206 _English Mercury_, the, 327 Erasmus, 159, 361 Erber, the, 246 Erskine, Sir T., 11 Esquires, 175 Essex, Earl of, 10, 99, 173 Essex House, 173, 270 Euston Road, 315 Evans, Ellen, 163 Evans, the wise man, 162 Evelyn, John, 81, 100, 110, 113, 224, 251, 254, 258, 259, 278, 293, 294, 299, 305, 312, 313, 315, 338, 382 Everard, Sir F., 177 Examiners, 225 Exchange, the, 72, 152, 197, 246, 251, 253, 261, 262, 265, 266, 280, 283, 315, 316, 354 Exchequer closed, 86, 120, 197 Exchequer Office, 265 Excise, 342 Excise Office, 251 Executions, 6, 80, 81, 104, 107, 108, 125, 126, 250, 257, 334, 345, 349 Exeter House, 251

Fairfax, Sir T., 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 57, 64; Lady, 266 Fairs, 329, 333–335 Falcon Stairs, Southwark, 159 Fans, 361 Farringdon Street, 276 Farrington Without, ward of, 94 Farryner, 244 Farthing Office, the, 200 Farthing tokens, 200 Fashionable class, growth of, 311 Fashions, 302 Fashion Street, 275 Fasting, 145, 146, 148 Fatal Vespers, the, 18, 19 Felton, John, 31 Fenchurch Street, 172, 200, 261, 262 Ferries, St. Mary Overies, 281; Horseferry, 281 Fetter Lane, 169, 257, 266, 270, 276 Feversham, 114 Fifth Monarchy Men, 68, 76–80, 82 Finch, Sir Heneage, 177 “Finit,” Sir John, 329 Finsbury, 243; Fields, 269 Fire brigade established, 83 Fire of London, 84, 108, 157, 198; origin, 244; lack of water, 244; flight of people, 244, 245; spreads, 245; pecuniary damage, 246; public buildings destroyed, 246; warehouses and shops destroyed, 246; causes and conditions of, 248; suspicions of arson, 250; arrests, 250; the houseless, 251, 278, 279; loss of life, 251; effects of, 251–257; what escaped, 253, 362; contemporary accounts, 258–268 Fire of 1679, 257 Fish Street Hill, 262 Fish, trade in, 192, 193 Fisher’s Folly, 155 Five Mile Act, the, 151 Fleet Street, 19, 27, 169, 195, 258, 262, 265, 270, 280, 315, 321 Fleetwood, 69 Fleur de lys Court, 248, 253 Floyer, 238 Food and drink—of the working-classes, 126; suggested reforms in, 184; spirits, 184, 289; tea, 184, 292–294; coffee, 184, 289, 294–296, 315; chocolate, 184; bread, 242; beer and ale, 242, 289, 342; meals, hours of, 289–291; wine, 289, 312, 316, 317, 342; profusion of, 290; meat, 290; fruit and vegetables, 290, 291; cooking, 291; tavern dinners, 292; drinks, various, 293, 296, 315; Royal tables, 367 Forks, 289 Foster, Sir R., 177 Foule, John, 155 Fowke, John, 52 Foxe, John, 144 Foyle Fishery, 207 Franciscans, the, 123 Franklin, Benjamin, 289 Free Trade advocated by Sir W. Raleigh, 190 Friday Street, 262 Frost, Walter, 179 Fulwood’s Rents, Holborn, 146, 171 Funerals, 309, 310 Furnivall’s Inn, 274, 276

Games and sports, 15, 32, 140, 155, 328; archery, 243, 360; ballad-singing, 230; bearbaiting, 169, 230, 270, 351; billiards, 169; bowls, 272, 290, 312, 360; buckle-play, 230; cock-throwing, 243; fencing, 330, 331; football, 243; lists of, 328, 329, 330; maypoles, 303; tennis, 329; whinney-board, 155; wrestling, 331 Gaming-houses, 270, 352 Garlick Hill, 278 Garaway, Thomas, 293 Gate Street Chapel, 132 Gates, 13, 218; Bishopsgate, 261; Cripplegate, 305; Newgate, 276; St. John’s, 274 Gaunt, Elizabeth, 108 Gayre, Sir J., 37, 48, 49 Genteleschi, 326 “Gentleman,” title of, 174, 175, 176 Gentlemen Pensioners, 366 Gentry living in London in 1673, list of, 177, 178 Gerard, Lord, 76 Ghosts, 161 Gibbons, Grinling, 327 Gifford, Father, 257 Gills, 323 Giltspur Street, 276 Gloucester, Duke of, 76 Glyn, Recorder, 47 Godfrey, Sir Edmondesbury, 89 Gold, Alderman, 97 Golden Farmer, the, 125 Golden Lane, 272 Gondomar, 19 Goodenough, 107 Goodman’s Fields, 277 Goring, Colonel, 43 Goring, Sir George, 329 Goswell Street, 269, 272 Gracechurch Street, 245, 261, 262 Grafton, Duke of, 91 Grand Remonstrance, the, 42 Gravell Lane, 44 Graves, merchant, 250 Gravesend, 33, 216 Gray, Lord, 275 Gray’s Inn, 274, 275; chapel, 158; gardens, 315; Lane, 171, 274, 315 Green Arbour Court, 276 Green Cloth, Court of, 366 Green, J. R., 139 Green Park, 311 Greenwich, 223, 282, 362 Green Yard, 305 Gresham College, 251, 257, 262, 264, 265, 266 Gresham, Sir T., 261 Greville, Sir J., 75 Grey, Lord, 173 Grey of Wark, Lord, 105 Griffith, Sarah, 159, 160 Grimes, 155 Grimston, Sir H., 177 Grub Street, 269 Guards, Royal, 365, 366 Guido, 326 Guildhall, 95, 96, 107, 128 Gunpowder Plot, 7 Gwynne, Nell, 157, 321

Hacker, Colonel Francis, 81 Hackney, 173, 381 Hackney coaches, 66, 83, 229, 242, 340 Hackney coachmen, 356 Haddon Hall, 299 Halifax, Viscount, 177 Hamersley, Sir H., 179 Hamilton, Marquis of, 200 Hammersmith, 381 Hampden, John, 35 Hampstead, 9, 78 Hand Alley, 155 Harding Street, 276 Harrington of Exton, Lord, 200 Harrison, General, 58, 68, 81 Hart, Alexander, 162 Hartley, William, trial of, 6 Hartly Row, 60 Harvey, Sir Elias, 262 Hastings, Lord, 173 Hatton Garden, 262, 274 Hatton, Lord, 177 Hawkabites, 134 Hawkers and pedlars, 122–124, 356 Haymarket, 116, 270 Henrietta Maria, 24, 27, 28, 173, 338 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, 252 Henry, Prince, 10, 314, 326 Hentzner, 333 Herald’s College, 256 Hereford, Earl of, 336 Heron, Colonel, 69 Herrick, 308 Hetheway, R., 159 Hicks, Sir W., 177 Hicks’s Hall, 274 Higgins, 130 Highgate, 251, 258 Highwaymen, 125 Hill, Henry, 116 Hoare’s Bank, 204 Hockley in the Hole, 272 Hog Lane, 274 Holborn, 6, 44, 146, 171, 173, 178, 262, 269, 270, 275, 315; Bars, 276 Holborn, Sir R., 163 Holidays, 186 Holland, Earl of, 177 Holland, Packet from, 126 Hollar’s Map, 243 Holles, Sir F., 177 Holywell Street, 276, 277 Honourable Artillery Company, 66 Hooker, John, 139 Horn Fair, 362 Hoskins, John, 326 Hospitals, 121, 155; Bethlehem, 121, 157; Bethlehem (New), 275; Bridewell, 121; Charterhouse, 269, 272, 275; Chelsea, 158; Christ’s, 121, 182; St. Bartholomew’s, 121, 274, 276; St. James’s 314; St. Thomas’s, 121; Sherburn, Durham, 314 Houndsditch, 305 Hounslow, 60, 61 House of Correction, 356 Houses—rent of, 287; furniture, 287, 288, 289, 298 Howard, Sir Philip, 76 Howell, James, 53, 57, 188, 193, 289, 291, 296, 304, 307 Hoxton, 88; Fields, 315 Hubert, Robert, 250 Huffs, 346 Humphrey, Pelham, 326 Huntingdon House, 173 Hutchinson, Colonel, 139 Hyde, Lord, 91 Hyde Park, 303, 311, 312; corner, 44

Imports and exports, 193, 194, 197, 198 Independents, 46 India, imports from, 193, 194 Infectious diseases, 14 Inns and taverns, 281, 292, 315, 316, 317, 356, 360, 362; music in, 155; prices, 292; Bell, 170; Bowman, 332; Cask, 317; Catherine Wheel, 60; Devil, 169, 317; Falcon, 169; Goose and Gridiron, 317; King’s Head, 90; Locket’s, 292; Maidenhead, 169; Mitre, 169, 317; Old Swan, 259; Queen’s Arms, 332; Rainbow, 169; Red Bull, 272; Red Lion, 171, 266; Rose, 316, 322; Star, 244; Sun, 316; White Hart, 168; White Horse, 272; Willis’s, 322 Inns of Court, 178 Inquisition, the, 138 Inspeximus Charter, 83 Irish Estates, 9, 29, 37, 83, 208–212 Irish Society, the, 208–212 Islington, 44, 251, 258 Ivy Lane, 116

Jack Alley, 279 Jacobites, 125 James I., accession, 3; and the Puritans, 15; and the Merchant Adventurers, 18; and the Protestants, 20; and witchcraft, 159; and silk-growing, 193, 313; settles Ulster, 206; and the Irish Society, 208, 209; his amusements, 329; his Court, 359 James II. at the Restoration, 76; and the Succession, 89, 90; and the City, 94, 110, 114; and the Customs, 103; and Catholicism, 108–111; escapes, 114; dies, 126; and the fire of London, 245, 260, 262, 263, 264, 266 James Frances Edward, Prince of Wales, 113, 114, 126, 134 Jefferson, Colonel, 151 Jefferys, Alderman, 125 Jeffreys, Judge, 99, 110, 114, 115, 125, 346 Jepson, John, 125 Jesuits, 126, 257 Jewel, Bishop, 144 Jewin Street, 155 Jews, the, 151, 196, 235 Jones, Inigo, 152, 323 Jones, Col. John, 81 Jones, Mr. Justice, 97 Jones, Sir W., 88, 97 Jonson, Ben, 178, 179, 199, 200, 235, 236, 237, 323–325 “Judgment and Decree,” the, 87 Juries, 345, 346 Justice House, the, 246

Kensington, 263, 264; Gardens, 381 Kiffin, William, 110 Killigrew, 314, 321, 323 King’s Evil, the, rite of “touching” for, 163–166 King’s Head Club, 90 King Street, Cheapside, 75, 107 King Street, Covent Garden, 252 King Street, Westminster, 195, 270 King’s Wardrobe, 67, 246, 256 _Kingdom’s Intelligence_, the, 327 Kinross, Lord, 11 Kissing, 303 Knight, Sir Ralph, 340 Kynaston, 321

Lacy, Alderman, 125 Lambe, Dr., 25–27, 237 Lambert, General, 69, 80 Lambeth, 37, 221, 222, 243, 330, 382; Gardens, 382; Marsh, 243, 270; Palace, 149 Lamb’s Conduit, 315; Fields, 315 Lancaster, 144 Land, value of, 198 Langdale, Lord, 211 Langham, Sir J., 177 Lapthorne, R., 125 Laud, Archbishop, 27, 31, 32, 37, 108, 139, 140, 141, 144 Launceston, 144 Lawrie, Captain, 126 Lawes, Henry, 323, 326 Laystalls, 182, 229, 283; list of, 183 Leadenhall Street, 262, 265 Leather Lane, 132 Leicester, Earl of, 177 Leicester Fields, 173 Leighton, Alexander, 143, 347 Lely, Sir P., 327 Lennox, Duke of, 10, 200 Leprosy, 314 Leslie, Charles, 157 Lilburne, John, 58 Lilly, William, 161, 162, 163, 239 Lime Street, 116, 262 Limehouse, 128, 269 Lincoln’s Inn, 270, 276; chapel, 158; fields, 116, 155, 182, 262, 266, 270, 276, 321; lower fields, 276 Lindsay, Earl of, 177 Lindsay, James, 11 Linen-making, 198 Lister, Dr., 294 Little Britain, 245, 269 Little Moor Fields, 275 Little Old Bailey, 276 Littleton, Sir T., 177 Locket, Adam, 292; Edward, 292 Lombard Street, 28, 86, 188, 245, 260, 261, 262, 280 London, water-supply, 9, 215, 244; growth of, 18, 66, 180, 181; rebuilding of, 84; migration into, 184; decay of trade in, 193; new buildings in, 378–380 _London Gazette_, the, 327 London Wall, 305 _London Weekly Courant_, the, 327 Londonderry, 208 Long Acre, 132 Long Ditch, 347 Long Lane, 269, 336 Lord Chamberlain, 367 Lord High Almoner, 363, 367 Lord Mayor, 13, 15, 37, 38, 42, 68, 76, 91, 92, 94, 128, 130, 172, 218, 260, 333, 335, 355 Lord Mayors with hereditary arms, list of, in 1633, 176, 177 Lord Steward, 363, 367 Lord’s Supper, 148 Lothbury, 262 Lotteries, 85 Lucky and unlucky days, 161, 237 Lucy, Sir R., 266 Ludgate Hill, 24, 75, 246, 262, 280, 287 Lunatic Asylums, 237 Luther, 159 Lyon’s Inn, 277

Mackarness, Rev. J., 149 Maiden Lane, 80 “Main,” the, 5 Maitland, 97, 204, 251, 278 Manchester, Earl of, 361 Manlove, Richard, 349, 350 Mark Lane, 251 Market-gardens, 272, 278 Markets, 84, 123, 124; cloth, 88; East Chepe, 195; Green-yard, or Herb, 124; Honey Lane, 124; Leadenhall, 124, 155, 280; Newgate, 116, 124, 262, 280; St. James’s, 280; Smithfield, 13; Stocks, 124; West Chepe, 195 Marlborough, Duchess of, 133 Marriage service, 148 Mary, Queen, 117, 120, 122 Mary of Modena, Queen, 114 Masques, 323–325 Master of the Horse, 366 Mathews, Sir P., 178 Maundy-Thursday, 367 May Day, 303, 304 Maynard, Sir J., 88 Maypoles, 140, 340, 354 Medici, Marie de, 338 Medicine, state of, 234–238 Meeting-houses, 251 Mercers’ Chapel, 265 Merchant-ships, 191, 198 _Mercurius Britannicus_, 327 _Mercurius Civicus_, 327 _Mercurius Clericus_, 327 _Mercurius Politicus_, 327 _Mercurius Pragmaticus_, 327 _Meritio Latron_, 346 Metals exported, 192 Middle Row, 276 Middleton, Hugh, 9 Middleton, T., 178, 179 Midgley, Robert, his appeal for the churches, 157, 158 Mildmay, Sir H., 80 Mile End, 88, 269; Green, 68 Milford Lane, 170 Militia, 17, 18, 24, 25, 47, 48, 50, 66 Millenary Petition, 20 Millisent, Sir J., 329 Milman, Dean, 267 Milton, 139; family of, 176 Mincing Lane, 200 Minories, the, 67, 269, 277 Mint, the, 146, 171 Misson, 361 “Mithridate,” 235 Mitre Court, 146 Mohocks, 134, 331 Mohun, Lord, 126 Monasteries, sites of, 180 Money-lenders, 351, 352, 353; female, 353 Monk, General, 69, 72, 75, 76, 218, 266, 331, 345, 354 Monkwell Street, 128 Monmouth, Duke of, 99, 104, 329 Monmouth Street, 280 Monopolies, 193, 195 Montagu Close, 146, 171 Montagu, Sir Edward (Lord Sandwich), 174 Montfort, the actor, 126 Monument, the, 250 Moore, Sir J., 92, 94, 95 Moorfields, 9, 57, 78, 100, 134, 243, 251, 258, 261, 269, 275, 278, 280, 315 Moorgate, 13 Morality, 355–358 Mordaunt, Viscount, 178 Mordyke, Sarah, 159 Mugwell Street, 155 Mulberry Gardens, 313 Mulgrave, Earl of, 91, 178 Mumpers, 346 Munson, Lord, 80 Murders, 126, 349 Music, 317, 326

Nantes, Edict of, 108 Naunton, Sir R., 182, 234 Navy, 198 Naylor, James, 152 Nenier, Dr., 238 New Artillery Garden, 274 New Canal, 276 New England, 33, 34 New Fish Street, 265 New Inn, 270, 277 New Palace Yard, 349 New River Head, 160 New Spring Gardens, 315 New Street, 155, 276 New Year’s Day, 305 New York, Province of, 128 Newberry, Nathaniel, 327 Newcourt, Dr., 254 Newman’s Rents, 279 Newspapers, 327 Nis, Daniel, 181 Nobility, and the City, 173, 177, 178, 278 Nonconformists, 82, 85, 87, 110, 111, 131, 154–158; chapels wrecked, 132; laws against, 156; preachers in 1680, list of, 156, 157; take the churches during the Plague, 219, 220; Anabaptists, 110, 142, 150; Baptists, 84; Brownists, 139; Independents, 142, 149, 150; Quakers, 84, 142, 152, 153; Presbyterians, 46, 82, 139, 142, 147, 149, 150; Socinians, 142 Nonsuch, 261 Norfolk, Duke of, 173 North, Dudley, 95, 96, 98 North Broad Street, 275 Northampton House, 270 Northumberland, Earl of, 10 Norton Folgate, 88, 272, 274 Nottingham, Earl of, 10 Noye, Sir W., 29 Nurse-keepers, 226

Oates, Titus, 89, 103, 104, 346 Ogilby’s map, 272, 278–280, 397 Okey, 80 Old Artillery Gardens, 275 Old Bailey, 276 Old Fish Street, 240 Old Jewry, 26 Old Palace Yard, 152 Old Street, 220, 272 Open spaces, 274 Open stalls, 195, 196 Overton, Colonel, 77 Oxford, 20, 132, 326, 340, 360, 361 Oxford, Earl of, 347, 348 Oxley, Elizabeth, 257

Pads, 346 Painting, 326 Palace Gardens, 243 Palaces, 172 Pall Mall, 270 Papacy, the, 137 Paper-making, 198 Papillon, Thomas, 95, 96, 98, 99 Parents and children, 361 Paris Gardens, 351 Parker, Archbishop, 239 Parks and Gardens, 311–317, 351, 381–382 Parliament—and supplies, 24; and Charles I., 31, 34, 35, 37; and the City, 46, 47, 50; and Charles II., 86, 89, 90; composition of, 374 Parmigiano, 326 Passive obedience, 144, 145 Paternoster Row, 223, 245, 251, 262 Paul, Rev. Dr., 160 Paul’s Cross, 152 Paul’s Wharf, 159, 260 Peiletot, John, 326 Pelman, John, 334 Pemberton, Sir F., 88 Pembroke, Earl of, 10, 173 Pennington, Isaac, 43, 52 Pepys, Samuel, 75, 76, 174–176, 221, 224, 245, 259–262, 283, 289, 290, 293, 299, 303–305, 312, 315, 319, 321, 322, 323, 326; Mrs., 188 Peterborough, Lady, 340 Peters, Rev. Hugh, 81 Petticoat Lane, 269, 275 Petty France, 275 Petty, Sir William, 198 Philo Puttonists, 346 Philpott, Sir J., 28 Piazza, the, 315 “Piazzo,” the, 270 Piccadilly, 270, 330 Pie Corner, 276 Piedloe, 250 Pilkington, Thomas, 92, 94, 95, 105; family of, 94 Plague—in 16th century, 233; of 1603, 5, 215–217; of 1625, 24, 217, 218; quack remedies in, 233, 234; of 1629–1631, 27; of 1636, 218 Plague of 1665—distress after, 84; approach of, 218; flight from London, 218, 219; work stopped, 219; churches, 219; quack remedies, 220, 237; charity during, 220; regulations during, 225–230; theatres, etc. closed, 230; parishes most affected, 220; precautions, 220, 225; pest-houses, 220; contemporary accounts, 220–222, 230 Player, Sir T., 105 Playhouse Yard, 272 Plots, 21, 42, 89, 125, 250, 257; Gunpowder, 108; Popish, 89; Rye House, 105–107 Pompinios, 346 Poor, the condition of, 67 Poor-rates, 360 Porter Close, 274 Porter’s Map, 269 Portugal Row, 276 _Post-boy_, the, 327 Post-horses, 341 Post Office, 67, 251, 265 Potter, Dr., 361 Powis, Lord, 116 Preaching, 149 Precedence, 12 Press, freedom of, 100, 143 Price, Sir H., 178 Pride, Colonel, 59 Prideaux, Francis, 347 Primrose Hill, 89 Prisons, 13, 246; Bridewell, 13, 200; Clerkenwell, 160, 272; Debtors, 8, 349; Fleet, 54, 347, 349, 350; Gatehouse, 78, 347; King’s Bench, 349; Ludgate, 171; Marshalsea, 349; Newgate, 103, 106, 149, 162, 262, 276 Pritchard, Lord Mayor, 99 Processions, 362 Protestantism, causes of, 137 Providence, 34 Prynne, William, 35, 143, 144, 362 Psalms, singing of, 148 Public-houses, 13 Public Worship, Directory of, 147, 148 Pudding Lane, 244, 245, 250, 265 Puddle Dock, 242 Pundage, 199 Punishments, 103, 104, 152, 153, 200, 345, 346, 361, 367 Purcell, Henry, 326 Puritans, 14, 31, 32, 74, 131, 139, 140, 141, 182, 186, 299, 326, 328, 345, 347 Pym, 56 Pym, Sir C., 125

Quarles, Francis, 178, 179 Queen Dowager’s Garden, 381 Queen Elizabeth’s Day, 186, 305 Queen Street, 262, 264 Queenhithe, 253

Raffaelle, 326 Rainton, Sir N., 37 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 5, 21, 190–193, 297 Ram Alley, 146 Ramsay, Sir John, 11 Ranelagh Gardens, 381 Ratcliffe, 88, 269, 362; Highway, 54, 269 Ratford, Thomas, 354; Mrs., 354 Red Cross, 269 Reeve, Mrs., 314 Reformed Church, the, 147 Refugees—Huguenots, 108, 128, 138; from the Palatinate, 128, 138; effect of, on trade, 198, 199 Religious dissensions, example of, 149–151 Reynardson, Abraham, 50, 64 Rich, Colonel, 68 Richmond and Lennox, Duchess Dowager of, 200 Richmond Park, 64, 125 Riole, la, 246 Riots, 19, 25, 26, 27, 37, 38, 47, 50, 56, 57, 78, 85, 109, 110, 114, 116, 125, 127, 131, 132, 133 Ripon, Dean of, 144, 145 Ritual, 141, 142 Rivers—Fleet, 9, 274, 276; Lea, 9; New River, 9, 195, 266; Tyburn, 9; Walbrook, 9 River Thames, 242, 254; deepened, 195; in the Fire, 258, 261, 262; traffic on, 242, 281, 282; frozen, 293 Roads, repaired, 338, 341 Roaring boys, 331 Robinson, Alderman, 76 Robinson, Henry, his Land Bank, 197 Rochefort, Josevin de, 330 Rogers, 326 Romano, Julio, 326 Rooke, Admiral, 121 Rooks, 346 Roreres, 331 Rosee, P., 294 Rosemary Lane, 159 Rotherham, Judge, 125 Roxana, 347, 348 Royal Society, the, 239 Rubens, 326 Rufflers, 346 Ruffons, 346 Rump, the, 72 Rumsey, John, 105, 106 Rupert, Prince, 42, 60, 61, 67, 278 Russel, Rev. Dr., 160 Russell, Lord, 99; Lady, 341 Russell Street, 322 Ryder, Sir W., 245 Ryswick, Treaty of, 125

“Sabbath,” the, 148 Sacheverell, Henry, 130–133 Sacrilege, 149 Saddle-horses, decline of, 341, 342 Saffron Hill, 274 St. Andrew Undershaft, 140 St. Andrew’s, Holborn, 220 St. Bartholomew’s Churchyard, 335 St. Bartholomew’s Close, 275 St. Bartholomew’s the Great, 18, 171, 262 St. Bartholomew’s the Less, 18 St. Benet’s, Thanet Street, 173 St. Botolph’s, Aldersgate, 220 St. Bride’s, 220, 278 St. Christopher’s, 34 St. Clement Dane’s, 220 St. George’s Fields, 243, 251, 258 St. Giles’s, 156, 198, 220, 270 St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, Churchyard, 253 St. Helen’s, 266 St. James’s, Clerkenwell, 220 St. James’s Palace, 155 St. James’s Park, 155, 173, 311–315 St. James’s Street, 272 St. John of Jerusalem, Precinct of, 171 St. John Street, 173, 262, 269, 272, 321 St. John’s Lane, 274 St. Katherine’s by the Tower, 237, 269, 272, 278, 330 St. Margaret’s, Westminster, 347 St. Martin’s in the Fields, 156, 173, 220, 222 St. Martin’s le Grand, 332 St. Michael’s Alley, 294 St. Michael’s Lane, 155 St. Paul’s, Covent Garden, 156 St. Paul’s Churchyard, 26, 27, 78, 262 St. Sepulchre’s, Cripplegate, 220 St. Valentine’s Day, 303, 304 Salander, Tobias, 334 Salisbury, Earls of, 178, 197 Salisbury Court, 146, 155 Saltpetre, manufacture of, 185; men, 185, 186 Sancroft, Archbishop, 289 Sanctuary, 146, 168–171 Sannods, Rev. Dr., 160 Sanquhar, Lord, 345, 348, 349 Savoy, the, 168, 270, 354; precinct of, 146 Scarborough, Mayor of, 125 Scot, Mr. Thomas, 81 Scott, Sir Walter, 146 Scottish prisoners, the, 58, 68 Scowerers, 331 Scroop (or Scrope), Colonel, 81 Searchers, 225 Sedan chairs introduced, 340 Serjeant’s Inn, 178, 265 Servants, 187, 188, 305–307, 360; Royal, 365 Seven Bishops, the, 112, 113 Sevenoaks, 341 Sewel, William, 152 Sewers, Commission of, 357 Shabbaroons, 346 Shaftesbury, Lord, 90, 94, 99 Shakespeare, quoted, 236, 239 Sharps, 346 Shaw, Sir J., 178, 262 Sheppard, William, 327 Sheppey, 24 Sheriffs, 17, 66, 118, 175, 218, 305; right of appointment of, 91–101 Shifters, 351 Ship-money, 28, 29, 37 Shoe Lane, 132, 155 Shopkeepers, 280, 292; move from city, 252 Shops, 283, 315 Shoreditch, 9, 44, 274, 330 Shorter, Sir J., 110 Shrewsbury, Earl of, 10 Shrove Tuesday, 186 Shute, Sheriff, 92, 95, 105 Sidney, Algernon, 99 Silk, English, 193, 313 Silk-weaving, 198 Silk-worms, 193, 313 Silver Street, 303 Simpson, John, 150, 151 Sion College, 246 Skelhorn, Sarah, 162 Slums, 180 Smalridge, George, 163 Smith, Sir W., 178 Smithfield, 116, 137, 182, 262, 269, 274, 276; Bars, 262, 274 Smithies, Rev. Dr., 160 Snow Hill, 276 Soame, Dr., 62 Soames, Alderman, 60 Social distinctions, 174, 175 Somers, Alderman, 37 Somerset House, 173, 264, 270, 272, 277 Solemn engagement, 57 Sorbière, M. de, 338 Southampton, Earl of, 10 Southampton House, 44 Southampton Street, 251 South Sea Bubble, 205 Southwark, 18, 91, 180, 182, 261, 330 Southwell, Robert, 6 Spanish ambassador, 9, 38 Spanish Match, the, 19 _Spectator_, the, 161 Spencer, Benjamin, 217 Spirit-drinking, first complaint of, 184 Spitalfields, 198, 269, 274 Spring Gardens, 311, 312 Squares, 182 Stafford, Viscount, 178 Stage-coaches, 183, 184, 338–344; introduced, 338; charges, 341, 343 Stamford, Henry, 27 Stamford Hill, 5 Staple Inn, 276 Star Chamber, 28, 29, 144, 347 Steelyard, 253, 259 Stepney, 6, 88, 160, 269 Stevenson, Mr. J. J., 248 Stewart, Frances, 300 Stocks, the, 346, 356 Storm of 1703, 127, 128 Stow, 195, 196, 197, 314, 338 Strafford, Earl of, 42 Strand, the, 9, 55, 75, 173, 195, 197, 251, 262, 264, 270, 276, 277, 303, 316, 340, 354 Street Cries, 122 Streets—Acts for pitching and levelling, 254; cleaning, 181, 182, 283, 357; during plague, 229; dogs in, 182; footpaths, 181; enlarged and improved, 375–377; levels altered after Fire, 256; lighting, 121, 181, 182, 357; paving, 13, 83, 182, 357; policing, 128; suggested reforms, 183, 184; traffic, 84, 182, 252, 281; water-supply, 9, 215, 244 Strype, 248 Stubbs, 257 Stukeley, Sir L., 5 Suburbs, 18, 67, 88, 133, 196, 262, 269, 272, 350 Suffolk, Earl of, 10 Sugar Loaf Court, 279 Sumptuary laws, 188 Sunday, keeping of, 14, 15, 20, 32, 145, 328, 356 Sunday lectures, 150, 158 Sunderland, Earl of, 297 Sussex, Earl of, 10 Swadlin, Rev. T., 149 Swearing, 356 Sweeting’s Rents, 293

Taswell, Dr., 267 Taxation, 68, 178 Taylor, the water-poet, 338 Tedder, William, 6 Temple, the, 85, 126, 169, 170, 246, 262, 264, 265, 270, 277, 278, 281 Temple Bar, 75, 262, 272, 305, 317 Temple Stairs, 278 Tench, Nathaniel, 204 Tenter Fields, 274, 275 Thames Street, 244, 256, 260, 262, 265, 279, 280, 330 Thames Water Tower, 248 Thanet, Earl of, 173, 178 Thanet House, 173, 275 Thavies Inn, 276 Theatres, 318–323; closed during plague, 230; in Ogilby’s map, 270; and actresses, 315, 318; prices, 319; hours, 322; Bear-garden, 320; Blackfriars, 320; Curtain, 320, 351; Cockpit, 321; Dorset Garden, 321; Duke’s, 278, 319, 347; Fortune, 320; Gibbons’s Tennis Court, 321; Globe, 320; King’s, 319, 321; Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 321; Phœnix, 321; Red Bull, 321; Rose, 320; Swan, 320; Vere Street, 318 Theobalds, 5 Thieves, 334, 345–347, 351, 352 Thorney Island, 314 Threadneedle Street, 75 Three Cranes, the, 260, 261; Court, 279 Tillotson, Dr., 266 Titian, 326 Tobacco, 195, 242, 296, 297 Tokens, 200, 317 Toleration, 133, 152 Tomarton, 359 Tonnage, 199 Tothill Fields, 68, 220 Tottenham, 6 Tottenham Court Road, 315 Tower, the, 13, 85, 107, 112, 144, 151, 250, 262, 264, 269, 277, 278 Tower Hill, 81, 104, 188 Tower Stairs, 281 Tower Street, 275 Tower Wharf, 113 Town ditch, 12, 13, Trade—ruined by Civil War, 44; state of, after Plague and Fire, 88; and Country Gentry, 174; and gentility, 175–176; English and Dutch, 190, 192; decay of, 193; extent of, 194, 195; increase of, 198; affected by stage-coaches, 342, 343 Traders’ tokens, 200 Trades, 17, 18, 27 Trained bands, 44, 48, 70, 96, 116, 152, 153 Trinity Lane, 279 Trowel, John, 153 Tulse, Sir H., 99 Tunbridge Wells, 341 Turkey fleet, loss of, 121, 122 Turner, Mrs., 155 Turnmill Street, 274 Tyburn, 80, 103, 108, 126 Tyburn Road, 44, 269 Tycheburne, Thomas, 6 Tyrconnel, Earl of, 9 Tyrone, Earl of, 9

Ulster, 9, 206 Union, Act of, 128 Upper Moorfields, 274 Utrecht, Peace of, 205

Vagrants, 13 Van Guine, H., 381 Vandeveldes, the, 327 Vandyke, 326 Vane, Sir H., 80, 81 Vauxhall, 222, 315 Veal, Mrs., 160 Venner, Thomas, 68, 77, 78, 80 Verney, Sir Ralph, 305; John, 305 Villamediana, Count de, 10, 11, 12 Vincent, Rev. T., 220 Vintry, the, 245 Virginia, 15–17, 34, 184, 195 _Visitation of London_, the, 176 Vyner, Sir R., 178

Waggons, 338 Waiters, 168 Wakes, 360 Walkinson, Robert, trial of, 6 Waller, General, 44, 45 Wallop, Robert, 80 Waltham, 5 Wapping, 115, 160, 242, 269 Ward, Sir Patience, 94 Wardrobe Square, 256 Warwick, Earl of, 178 Warwick House, 173, 275 Washing, 298, 299 Watch, the, 128, 182, 225, 357 Water Gate, 253 Water Lane, 278 Water-machines, 244 Watermen, 242, 281, 338, 342 Water-supply, 9, 215, 244, 256, 257 Watling Street, 260, 262 Watts, Mr., 160 Weddings, 155, 308 _Weekly News_, the, 327 Welden, John, trial of, 6 Wentworth Street, 269, 275 Westminster, 6, 44, 78, 152, 173, 180, 220, 222, 261, 262, 269, 270, 278, 281, 318, 336 Westminster, Abbey of, 311, 314 Westminster Hall, 131, 261, 345 Westminster School, 267 Whip Jacks, 346 Whipping Tom, 134 Whitchott, Sir J., 178 Whitechapel, 44, 269, 275, 277, 318; Bar, 272; Road, 269 White Conduit Fields, 315 White Cross, 269 White Cross Street, 272 Whitefriars, 18, 146, 178, 262, 270, 278, 348, 349; Lane, 278 Whitehall, 36, 50, 57, 72, 100, 126, 128, 155, 221, 260, 262, 270, 326, 334, 363 White’s Alley, 266 Wigs, 300, 301 Wild, Major, 77 Wild, Sir H., 16 Wild, Sir W., 178 Wild House, 116 Wild Rogues, 346 William III.—lands in England, 114; coronation, 117; and the City, 117, 118; returns to London, 125; plot against, 125; and the Catholics, 126; dies, 126; borrows money of the City, 205 Williamson, Sir J., 91 Wilson, Rowland, 52 Wilson, Squire, 160 Wilson, the musician, 326 Winchilsea, Lord, 114 Windows, 360 Winnington, Sir F., 88 Wise, Laurence, 149 Wise, Michael, 326 Wise men and women, 237 Witchcraft, 125, 159, 160, 346 Wolstenholme, Sir T., 178 Women, 56, 281, 290, 299, 318, 323 Wood, Mr., 155 Wood Street, 26, 80 Woodward, Dr. 257 Woollen cloth, 198, 199 Woolwich, 84 Worcester, Earl of, 10, 178 Worcester House, 270 Wotton, Lord, 11 Wren, Christopher, 254, 256, 257, 278, 280 Wright, Michael, 327 Wych Street, 277 Wycherley, 319

Yeoman of the Guard, 366 York, Duke of. See _James II_.

Zouch, Sir Edward, 329

OGILBY AND MORGAN’S MAP OF LONDON, 1677

(In Pocket at end of Volume.)

THE FOLLOWING EXPLANATIONS ARE EXTRACTED FROM OGILBY’S KEY TO THE MAP IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM

We Proceed to the Explanation of the Map, containing 25 Wards, 122 Parishes and Liberties, and therein 189 Streets, 153 Lanes, 522 Alleys, 458 Courts, and 210 Yards bearing Name.

The Broad Black Line is the City Wall. The Line of the Freedom is a Chain. The Division of the Wards, thus oooo. The Parishes, Liberties, and Precincts by a Prick-line, ... Each Ward and Parish is known by the Letters and Figures Distributed within their Bounds, which are placed in the Tables before their Names.... The Wards by Capitals without Figures. The Parishes, &c., by Numbers without Letters. The Great Letters with Numbers refer to Halls, Great Buildings, and Inns. The Small Letters to Courts, Yards, and Alleys, every Letter being repeated 99 times, and sprinkled in the Space of 5 Inches, running through the Map, from the Left Hand to the Right, &c. Churches and Eminent Buildings are double Hatch’d, Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, and Yards, are left White. Gardens, &c. faintly Prick’d. Where the Space admits the Name of the Place is in Words at length, but where there is not room, a Letter and Figure refers you to the Table in which the Streets are Alphabetically dispos’d, and in every Street the Churches and Halls, Places of Note, and Inns, with the Courts, Yards, and Alleys, are named; then the Lanes in that Street, and the Churches, &c. as aforesaid, in each Lane.

THE SEVERAL MARKS AND NAMES OF THE WARDS, PARISHES, AND LIBERTIES

WARDS

A Faringdon Without B Faringdon Within C Bainard-Castle D Bread-Street E Queen-Hith F Cordwainers G Walbrook H Vintry I Dowgate K Broad-Street L Cornhil M Cheap N Bassishaw O Coleman-Street P Bishopsgate Q Cripplegate R Aldersgate S Billingsgate T Lime-Street U Langborn W Portsoken X Aldgate Y Candlewick Z Bridg T Tower

PARISHES AND LIBERTIES

1. St. James Clerkenwel 2. St. Giles Cripple-Gate 3. St. Leonard Shoreditch 4. Norton-Folgate Liberty 5. St. Botolph Bishopsgate 6. Stepney 7. St. Stephen Coleman Street 8. Alhallows on the Wall 9. St. Andrew Holborn 10. St Giles in the Fields 11. St. Sepulchers 12. St. Mary Cole-Church 13. St. Botolph Aldersgate 14. St. Alphage 15. St. Alban Wood Street 16. St. Olave Silver Street 17. St. Michael Bassishaw 18. Christ Church 19. St. Anne Aldersgate 20. St. Mary Staining 21. St. Mary Aldermanbury 22. St. Olave Jewry 23. St. Martin Ironmonger Lane 24. St. Mildred Poultry 25. St. Bennet Sherehog 26. St. Pancras Soaper Lane 27. St. Laurence Jewry 28. St. Mary Magdalen Milk Street 29. Alhallows Hony Lane 30. St. Mary le Bow 31. St. Peter Cheap 32. St. Michael Wood Street 33. St. John Zachary 34. St. Martins Liberty 35. St. Leonard Foster Lane 36. St. Vedast, alias Foster 37. St. Michael Quern 38. St. John Evangelist 39. St. Mathew Friday Street 40. St. Margaret Lothbury 41. St. Bartholemew Exchange 42. St. Christophers 43. St. Mary Woolnoth 44. St. Mary Woolchurch 45. St. Michael Cornhil 46. St. Bennet Fink 47. St. Peter Poor 48. St. Peter Cornhil 49. St. Martin Outwich 50. St. Hellens 51. St. Ethelborough 52. St. Andrew Undershaft 53. Alhallows Lumbard Street 54. St. Edmond Lumbard Street 55. St. Dionis Back-Church 56. St. Katherine Cree-Church 57. St. James Dukes Place 58. St. Katherine Coleman 59. St. Olave Hart Street 60. St. Botolph Aldgate 61. St. Mary White Chapel 62. Trinity Minories 63. St. Bartholemew the Great 64. Alhallows Staining 65. Alhallows Barking 66. St. Mary Abchurch 67. St. Nicholas Accorn 68. St. Clement East Cheap 69. St. Bennet Grace-Church 70. St. Gabriel Fenchurch 71. St. Margaret Pattons 72. St. Andrew Hubbart 73. Dutchy Liberty 74. St. Clement Danes 75. Rolls Liberty 76. St. Dunstan in the West 77. White Fryers Precinct 78. St. Bridget 79. Bridewel Precinct 80. St. Anne Black-Fryers 81. St. Martin’s Ludgate 82. St. Gregories 83. St. Andrew Wardrobe 84. St. Bennet Paul’s Wharf 85. St. Peter 86. St. Mary Magdaline Old Fish-Street 87. St. Nicholas Cole-Abby 88. St. Austine 89. St. Margaret Moses 90. Alhallows Bread-Street 91. St. Mildred Bread-Street 92. St. Nicholas Olave 93. St. Mary Mounthaw 94. St. Mary Somerset 95. St. Michael Queen Hith 96. Trinity 97. St. Mary Aldermary 98. St. Thomas Apostles 99. St. Michael Royal 100. St. James Garlick-Hith 101. St. Marlin Vintry 102. St. Antholin’s 103. St. John Baptist 104. St. Stephen Walbrook 105. St. Swithin 106. St. Mary Bothaw 107. Alhallows the Great 108. St. Faith’s 109. St. Leonard East Cheap 110. St. Laurence Poultney 111. St. Martin Orgar’s 112. Little Alhallows 113. St. Michael Crooked Lane 114. St. Magnus at the Bridg 115. St. Margaret New Fish-Street 116. St. George Botolph Lane 117. St. Botolph Billingsgate 118. St. Mary Hill 119. St. Dunstans in the East 120. Little St. Bartholemews 121. Tower Liberty 122. St. Katherines

LIST OF PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS IN OGILBY & MORGAN’S MAP, 1677 COMPILED FROM THE MAP AND KEY

The References on the left of the names refer to the marginal numbers on the Map

7-14. African House, Throgmorton Street, B55 2-5. Ailesbury’s House, Earl of, A7 7-18. Aldgate 10-17. Alhallows Barking Church 9-10. Alhallows Bread-street Church 11-12. Alhallows Church, Great 11-12. Alhallows Church, Little 7-10. Alhallows Hony Lane Church [site absorbed into Hony Lane Market] 9-14. Alhallows Lombard Street Church 5-14. Alhallows on the Wall Church 9-17. Alhallows Staining Church, Mark Lane 9-6. Apothecary’s Hall, C1 5-12. Armorers Hall, Coleman Street, A65 11-1. Arundel House

5-10. Barber Chyrurgeons Hall, A59 6-15. Barnadiston’s House, Sir Samuel, B61 6-3. Barnard’s Inn 6-3. Bell Inn, Holborn, A83 8-6. Bell Savage Inn, Ludgate Hill, B77 3-6. Berkley’s House, Lord, A11 6-14. Bethlehem, New 6-15. Bishops Gate 6-3. Black Bull Inn, Holborn, A84 6-3. Black Swan Inn, Holborn, A81 10-9. Blacksmith’s Hall, C29 7-11. Blackwel Hall, B49 7-11. Blossom’s Inn, B48 6-9. Bludworth’s House, Sir Thomas, Maiden Lane, B3 9-4. Bolt and Tun Inn, Fleet Street, B98 6-10. Brewers Hall, Addle Street, B7 8-17. Brick-Layers Hall, Leaden Hall Street, C52 9-6. Bridewell 9-6. Bridewell Precinct Chapel, Bride Lane 3-9. Bridgwaters House, Earl of, A18 6-2. Brook House 10-11. Buckingham’s House, Duke of, C19 6-8. Bull and Mouth Inn, Bull and Mouth Street, A98 10-15. Butchers Hall, C39

9-2. Chancery Office, Chancery Lane, B73 3-6. Charter House 7-7. Christ Church, Newgate Street 7-7. Christ Hospital 7-12. Clayton’s House, Sir Robert, Old Jewry, B52 9-1. Clements Inn 6-9. Clerks Hall, Silver Street, B4 9-3. Clifford’s Inn 9-16. Cloth Workers Hall, Mincing Lane, C25 6-9. Cooks Hall, Aldersgate Street, C50 6-11. Coopers Hall, Bassishaw Street, B14 9-9. Cordwainers Hall 5-10. Cripple Gate 5-10. Curryers Hall, London Wall, A60 7-2. Cursitor’s Office 11-17. Custome house 9-12. Cutlers Hall, Cloak Lane, C21

6-5. David’s House, Sir Thomas, Snow Hill, B34 5-16. Devonshire House, A73 9-9. Doctors Commons, C10 3-7. Dorchester’s House, Marquess of, A13 7-14. Drapers Hall, B57 6-14. Dutch Church 11-13. Dyers Hall, New Key, Thames Street

8-16. East India House, Leaden Hall Street, B88 6-4. Ely House 10-1. Essex House 6-14. Excise Office, Broad Street, C60

10-15. Fiery Pillar, The [The Monument] 11-14. Fishmongers Hall, Thames Street 9-6. Fleet Bridg 8-5. Fleet [Prison] 7-12. Founders Hall, Loathbitry, B56 7-12. Frederick’s House, Sir John, Old Jewry, B51 7-14. French Church, B62 6-3. Furnival’s Inn

6-6. George Inn, Holborn Bridg, A92 9-10. Gerrard’s Hall Inn, C16 5-11. Girdlers Hall, A63 3-10. Glovers Hall, Beech Lane, A20 7-9. Goldsmiths Hall, Foster Lane, B39 5-1. Gray’s Inn 7-15. Gresham Colledge 3-7. Grey’s House, Lord, A14 8-12. Grocers Hall, B53 7-11. Guild Hall

7-10. Haberdashers Hall, B8 7-12. Hern’s House, Sir Nathiel, Loathbury, B54 4-6. Hicks’s Hall 7-5. Holborn Bridge —— [Holy] Trinity Church, Trinity Lane [see Trinity Church] —— [Holy] Trinity Minories Church [see Trinity Minories]

9-3. Inner Temple, Inner Temple Lane 10-12. Inn-Holders Hall, Elbow Lane, C34 8-17. Ironmongers Hall, Fenchurch Street, B91

11-11. Joyners Hall, Fryer Lane, Thames Street, C37

6-5. Kings Arms Inn, Holborn Bridg, A90 9-7. King’s Printing House, C3

5-11. Lariner’s Hall, Fore Street, A78 7-16. Lawrence’s House, Sir John, Great St. Hellens, B67 8-15. Leaden Hall Market 6-16. Leather-Sellers Hall 7-2. Lincoln’s Inn 10-1. Lions Inne 11-14. London Bridg 5-8. London House, A57 9-7. Ludgate 9-10. Lutheran Church, Trinity Lane (N.E. corner Little Trinity Lane)

8-11. Mercer’s Chapel 8-14. Merchant-Taylors Hall 10-12. Merchant-Taylors School, Suffolk Lane, C39 9-3. Middle Temple, Middle Temple Lane 8-10. Milkstreet or Hony lane Market —— [Monument, The, see “Fiery Pillar”]

9-17. Navy Office, Mark Lane, C26 10-1. New Inn 2-4. New Prison, or Bridewel, Clerkenwel Green 2-4. Newcastle’s House, Duke of, A6 7-6. Newgate 8-7. Newgate Market

10-10. Painters Stainers Hall 8-17. Papillion’s House, Mr. Tho., Fenchurch Street, C54 6-14. Pay Office, Broad Street, B22 8-16. Pewterers Hall, Lime Street, C62 7-7. Physicians College, B37 6-14. Pinner’s Hall, B21 6-10. Plaisterers Hall, Addle Street, B6 6-15. Post Office, General, Bishopsgate Street Within, B59 8-12. Poultry Compter, B83 9-8. Prerogative Office, St. Paul’s Church Yard, C6

8-4. Red Lyon Inn, Fleet Street, B75 7-5. Rose Inn, Holborn-Bridg, A91 8-14. Royal Exchange

7-9. Sadler’s Hall, Cheapside, B41 9-13. Salter’s Hall, St. Swithins Lane, C23 6-5. Sarazens Head Inn, Snow Hill, A93 9-6. Scotch Hall, C2 6-9. Scriveners Hall 9-3. Serjeant’s Inn, Chancery Lane, B97 9-4. Serjeant’s Inn, Fleet Street 8-6. Session House, The, Old Bayly 9-8. Sheldon’s House, Sir Joseph, St. Paul’s Church Yard, C7 8-2. Simond’s Inn, Chancery Lane, B71 5-11. Sion College, A61 9-2. Six Clarks Office, Chancery Lane, B72 10-12. Skinners Hall, Dough-Gate Hill, C33 5-6. Smithfield Penns 11-1. Somerset House 6-10. St. Alban Wood-Street Church 5-11. St. Alphage Church, London Wall 6-4. St. Andrew Holborn Church 10-15. St. Andrew Hubbart Church, Little East-Cheap [formerly S. side, between Buttolph Lane and Love Lane] 8-16. St. Andrew Undershaft Church, Leaden Hall Street, B66 10-7. St. Andrew Wardrobe Church 6-9. St. Anne Aldersgate Church 9-6. St. Anne Black-Fryers Church 9-12. St. Antholine’s Church, Budg Row 8-9. St Austine’s Church 5-7. St. Bartholemew Church, Great 6-7. St. Bartholemew’s Church, Little 8-13. St. Bartholemew Exchange Church 6-7. St. Bartholemew’s Hospital 8-13. St. Bennet Fink Church 8-15. St. Bennet Grace Church 10-8. St. Bennet Pauls Wharf Church 8-11. St. Bennet Sherehog Church 9-6. St. Bridget’s Church 6-9. St. Buttolph Aldersgate Church 6-19. St. Buttolph Aldgate Church 11-15. St. Buttolph Billingsgate Church [formerly S. side of Thames Street between Buttolph Lane and Love Lane] 5-16. St. Buttolph Bishopsgate Church 8-13. St. Christophers Church 10-1. St. Clement Danes Church 9-14. St. Clement’s Eastcheap Church 9-3. St. Dunstan’s Church 10-16. St. Dunstan’s in the East Church 9-14. St. Edmond Lumbard Street Church 6-16. St. Ethelborough Church, Bishopsgate Street Within [immediately N. of Little St. Hellens] 9-8. St. Faith’s Church [under St. Paul’s] 9-16. St. Gabriel Fenchurch Church [absorbed into the roadway of Fenchurch Street, between Rood Lane and Mincing Lane] 10-15. St. George Buttolph Church, C40 4-10. St. Giles’s Cripplegate Church 9-8. St. Gregory’s Church [site absorbed by St. Paul’s] 7-16. St. Hellen’s Church 7-18. St. James Dukes Place Church. Dukes Place 10-11. St. James Garlick Hith Church 9-12. St. John Baptist Church 9-9. St. John Evangelist Church, Friday Street [formerly E. side, at the corner of Watling Street, having the latter street on the north] 6-9. St. John Zachary Church, Maiden Lane 8-17. St. Katherine Coleman Church 8-17. St. Katherine Cree Church Leaden Hall Street, B68 10-13. St. Laurence Poultney Church 7-11. St. Lawrence Jewry Church 10-15. St. Leonard East Cheap Church 7-9. St. Leonard Foster-Lane Church 11-14. St. Magnus Church, Thames Street, C59 9-13. St. Mary Abchurch Church 6-11. St. Mary Aldermanbury Church 9-11. St. Mary Aldermary Church 9-12. St. Mary Bothaw Church 6-11. St. Mary Cole Church, Cheapside [formerly S.W. corner of Old Jewry] 10-16. St. Mary Hill Church, C43 8-10. St. Mary le Bow Church 7-10. St. Mary Magdalen’s Church, Milk Street [site absorbed into Hony lane Market] 10-9. St. Mary Magdaline Old Fish Street Church 10-9. St. Mary Mounthaw Church 10-9. St. Mary Somerset Church 6-9. St. Mary Staining Church, Oat Lane 8-12. St. Mary Wool Church [site absorbed into Wool Church Market] 8-13. St. Mary Woolnoth Church, Lumbard Street [opposite Pope’s Head Alley] 7-12. St. Margaret Loathbury Church 9-9. St. Margaret Moses Church, Friday Street [formerly S.W. corner of Basing Lane] 9-15. St. Margaret Patton’s Church 10-15. St. Margaret’s New Fish Street Church [site absorbed by the Monument] 7-11. St. Martin Ironmonger Church, Ironmonger Lane [formerly adjoining the west end of St. Olave Jewry] 8-7. St. Martin Ludgate Church 10-13. St. Martin Orgar’s Church 7-15. St. Martin Outwich Church, Bishopsgate Street Within [S.E. corner of Thread Needle Street] 10-11. St. Martin Vintry Church 8-9. St. Mathew Friday Street Church 9-10. St. Mildred Bread-Street Church 8-12. St. Mildred Poultry Church, B84 6-11. St. Michael Bassishaw Church 8-14. St. Michael Cornhil 10-14. St. Michael Crooked Lane Church 10-10. St. Michael Queen Hith Church 7-9. St. Michael Quern Church, Cheapside [site absorbed into roadway of Cheapside at junction of Pater Noster Row and Blow Bladder Street] 9-11. St. Michael Royal Church 7-9. St. Michael Wood-Street Church, B45 9-13. St. Nicholas Acorn Church 9-9. St. Nicholas Cole-Abby Church, Old Fish Street (N.W. corner of Old Fish St. Hill) 9-10. St. Nicholas Olave’s Church, Bread-Street Hill [formerly near middle of W. side] 9-17. St. Olave Hart-street Church, C27 7-12. St. Olave Jewry Church 5-10. St. Olave Silver Street Church 8-11. St. Pancras Soaper Lane Church 9-8. St. Paul’s Cathedral 9-8. St. Paul’s House, Dean of, St. Paul’s Church Yard, C5 11-18. [St. Peter-ad-Vincula] Church, Tower of London 7-10. St. Peter Cheap Church 6-14. St. Peter Poor Church 10-8. St. Peter’s Church 8-14. St. Peter’s Cornhil 7-6. St. Sepulcher’s Church 6-12. St. Stephen Coleman Street Church, B56 9-12. St. Stephen Walbrook Church 10-12. St. Swithin Church, Cannon Street 9-11. St. Thomas Apostles Church, St. Thomas Apostles 7-9. St. Vedast Church, B40 6-2. Staple Inn 8-7. Stationers Hall 6-5. Swan Inn, Holborn-Bridg, A89 6-10. Swan with Two Necks Inn, Ladd Lane, B11

9-12. Tallow Chandlers Hall, Dough-Gate Hill, C22 10-3. Temple Church 5-9. Thanet House, A58 6-4. Thavy’s Inn, Holborn, A86 11-19. Tower, The —— Trinity Church, Trinity Lane [site occupied by Lutheran Church, which see] 10-17. Trinity House, Water Lane, C45 8-19. Trinity Minories Church, B70 9-8. Turners House, Sir William, St. Paul’s Church Yard, C4

11-11. Vintonners Hall 8-13. Vyner’s House, Sir Robert, Lumbard Street, B85

10-13. Ward’s House, Sir Patient, Lawrence Poultney’s Hill, C38 6-1. Warwick House 11-13. Watermans Hall, New Key, Thames Street, C28 11-13. Waterman’s House, Sir George, Thames Street, C57 7-10. Wax Chandellors Hall, Maiden Lane, B43 6-11. Weavers Hall, Bassishaw Street, B13 8-17. Whitchurch House, Leaden Hall Street, C53 10-11. Whittington’s College, College Hill, M15 7-10. Wood Street Compter, B46 9-12. Wool Church Market

THE END

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Volume on Tudor London now in the press.

[2] Brentford.

[3] Damiens in 1757 made an attempt on the life of Louis XV., for which he was first tortured, and then torn to pieces by wild horses. Brewer’s _Dictionary_.

[4] Sharpe, ii. p. 512.

[5] The _Second Impression, Corrected and Enlarged_, Price one Halfpenny. Sold by Samuel Keble at the Turk’s Head in Fleet Street, 1692.

[6] See _Chelsea_ in the “Fascination of London Series.” A. and C. Black.

[7] Partly obliterated in the construction of the Chancery Lane Station of the Electric Railway.

[8] The strong room was generally a recess, large or small, in the stone wall of the cellar or crypt; it was provided with a movable stone slab for a door.

[9] Demolished since this was written.

[10] T. Delaune, 1681.

[11] _A Character of England_: As it was lately presented in a letter to a Nobleman of France, 1659. Attributed to Evelyn.

[12] _Manners and Customs_, by J. P. Malcolm, 1811.

[13] _Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair_, Henry Morley, 1859.

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

{Transcription: A LARGE AND ACCURATE MAP OF THE CITY OF LONDON

Ichonographically Describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls and Houses, &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated. By JOHN OGILBY Esq: His Majesties Cosmographer.

_For explanations of references &c. on map see pp. 393–396 of the book._}

Transcriber’s Notes:

- Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - Blank pages have been removed. - A few obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. - Otherwise inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. - Unmatched quotes remain unchanged. - Missing text [in brackets] in the illustration on page 143 (Religion, Government and Trade, Chapter I) has been filled in from another source for the transcription. - Margin page references to previous editions have been removed for the text version. - Illustrations: internal caption-like text is replicated in the external caption. More extensive text is replicated in a {Transcription: ... } block.

End of Project Gutenberg's London in the Time of the Stuarts, by Walter Besant