CHAPTER XLIV.

[Sidenote: Repeal of Corporation and Test Acts, May, 1828.]

In November (1826) a new Parliament met. Of the old city members only one--viz., Matthew Wood, the popular alderman--retained his seat. He was joined by two other aldermen, one of them being the no less popular Waithman, and a commoner. The questions most pressing were Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary Reform. The latter had been long urged by the City. As regards the emancipation of Catholics, the City had at one time shown considerable opposition. In 1790, the Common Council expressed itself as anxious to strengthen the hands of those friends of the established church who had twice successfully opposed in Parliament the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts--a necessary preliminary to Catholic emancipation--and had called upon the city members and those of the Common Council who had seats in Parliament, to resist any future attempt that might be made in the same direction.[789] Since that time the citizens had changed their minds, and we find them now (May, 1827), passing resolutions against the iniquity of making the solemn ordinance of the Lord's Supper "a qualification and passport for power," and congratulating the king upon his having placed Canning, a notorious friend of Catholic emancipation, in power.[790]

Canning unfortunately died before he was able to accomplish anything in this direction, and his successor, Goderich was deficient in moral backbone; but early in 1828 the Duke of Wellington became Prime Minister, and upon a motion made by Lord John Russell, a Bill was introduced for the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts. A simple declaration that an applicant for office would not compromise the Established Church, was to be substituted for the old sacramental test. During the passage of the Bill through the Lords, the City endeavoured to get certain amendments introduced, for the purpose chiefly of protecting members of the Common Council from incurring penalties and forfeitures imposed by the Bill, but in this they failed.[791] The Bill passed, and a great step towards Catholic emancipation was thus gained. The same principle which prompted the City to urge the repeal of these Acts, also prompted them in later years to petition Parliament, and themselves to pass resolutions in favour of the abolition of unnecessary oaths.[792]

[Sidenote: The Catholic Emancipation Bill, April, 1829.]

Renewed activity on the part of the Catholic Association in Ireland, and the return of O'Connell for County Clare, hastened Catholic emancipation. The question was taken up by Peel, hitherto an anti-Catholic. He succeeded in winning over the Duke of Wellington, and the latter at last persuaded the king to promise some concession at the opening of Parliament on the 5th February, 1829. The City voted Peel the Freedom in a gold box and thanked the Duke of Wellington.[793] The Common Council at the same time presented addresses to both Houses praying them to support the measures about to be introduced.[794] A Bill, giving effect to the intentions of the Government, was brought in on the 5th March. The king who had reluctantly consented to its introduction resisted to the last, but was compelled to give way, and on the 14th April the Bill became law.

[Sidenote: Addresses on accession of William IV, June-July, 1830.]

The other pressing question of the day, viz., Parliamentary Reform, awaited settlement under a new king and a new Parliament. On the 26th June, 1830, George IV died, and his eldest surviving brother, the Duke of Clarence, was welcomed by the City as his successor under the title of William IV. The City--both Aldermen and Common Council--lost no time in presenting the usual congratulatory addresses,[795] but not a word was said on the subject that was about to move the country from one end to the other. A month later (28th July) the livery prepared a long address, in which, disclaiming "the fulsome strains of unmeaning flattery," such as they declared had been poured into the royal ear "from more than one body of men in the city of London already," they respectfully but firmly laid before the new king a representation of what they believed to be the true state of affairs. The chief grievance of the country, they said, lay in the fact that the great body of the people who paid taxes, had no control whatever over those who falsely called themselves the representatives of the people; and they expressed their long-confirmed and deep-rooted conviction that this and all other evils had arisen from the people not being properly represented in the House of Commons. Notwithstanding former rebuffs they desired that their address should be received by the king on his throne. As this could not be--although the king expressed his willingness to receive it at the next levée, or through the secretary of state--the address was not presented at all.[796]

[Sidenote: A General Election, July, 1830.]

The accession of a new king necessitated the dissolution of Parliament and fresh elections. These took place amid great excitement, for already the country was agitating by means of political unions for Parliamentary reform. At their close it was found that the Government, although losing many seats, still retained a majority. No change was made in the city members.

[Sidenote: Opening of the new parliament, 2 Nov., 1830.]

When parliament met on the 2nd November, the country was on the tip-toe of expectation as to what the ministry would do. Would the Duke of Wellington continue to ignore the manifest will of the nation or would he give way? He did the first. He not only declared that the country was satisfied with the existing state of things, but he pledged himself to oppose any measure of Parliamentary reform that might be proposed by others. Here was a distinct challenge to the reformers, a challenge which they were not slow to take up. That same night Brougham, who had been returned to Parliament for Yorkshire, free of expense, gave notice that on the 16th, he would bring forward a motion for reform. Before that day arrived the ministry had resigned.

[Sidenote: The king's visit to the city postponed.]

In the meanwhile, the new king had received a cordial invitation to dine at the Guildhall on any day most convenient, and his majesty had graciously accepted the invitation, and had named the 9th November, lord mayor's day.[797] He chose that day for the reason probably that it was customary for a new sovereign to honour the citizens with his presence on the first lord mayor's day after his accession. Extensive preparations had already been made to give the king a befitting reception, when on the 7th November, Sir Robert Peel informed the outgoing mayor by letter, that his majesty had been advised to forego his visit to the city, for fear lest his presence might give occasion to riot and tumult, and endanger the property and lives of his subjects. The fact was, that the lord mayor elect (Sir John Key) had, on his own responsibility, written to the Duke of Wellington warning him of danger. A copy of his letter was read before the Common Council on the 8th, when exception was taken to it as being "indiscreet and unauthorised." After considerable debate, a resolution was at length drawn up to the effect that in the opinion of the court "neither riot nor commotion was to be apprehended had his majesty and his royal consort ... condescended to honour the city of London with their presence; and that had evil disposed and disaffected persons made attempts to excite commotion or disturbance on that occasion, the most perfect reliance might have been placed on the good feeling and spontaneous exertions of the great mass of the population of London to co-operate with the civil power in effectually suppressing such attempts and preserving the public tranquility."[798] This was all very well. Nevertheless, in spite of all precautions taken by the civic authorities, and although the king and his ministers, who had given so much offence by opposing the popular will, refrained from entering the city, an affray actually took place at Temple Bar, in which one of the city marshals was severely wounded in the head.[799]

[Sidenote: Resolutions of Co. Co. _re_ Reform. 15 Nov., 1830.]

On the 15th November, the day that the Wellington ministry received its _coup de grace_, a Common Council was summoned to sit at the Mansion House, in order to consider Brougham's motion, which was to be made in parliament the following day. It then passed the following resolutions:--[800]

"RESOLVED that this court, as the representative body of the citizens of London, having at various times expressed its opinion of the propriety and necessity of a revision of the present state of the representation of the commons in parliament, is called upon in an especial manner at the present moment (after the declaration of the first minister of the crown, that the representation is satisfactory to the country), to make a renewed avowal of its conviction that the House of Commons as at present constituted is as far from being satisfactory to the country as it is from being a real representation of the people.

"RESOLVED that the power now exercised by various peers and other interested persons of returning a large portion of the members, is wholly incompatible with the true end and design of a House of Commons, which in principle and in practice, ought to be a representation not of a private, but of general interests, an effectual control upon taxation and the public expenditure, and the organ by which the commons of the realm may fully exercise that share in the legislature to which, by the constitution they are entitled.

"RESOLVED that petitions founded upon these resolutions, be forthwith presented to both Houses of Parliament, praying them to institute a full and faithful inquiry into the state of the representation with the view to the remedying of such defects therein as time and various encroachments have produced, so as to give real effect to the essential principles of the constitution, namely, that members of parliament shall be freely chosen, that peers shall not interfere in elections, and that in the House of Commons, the king may with truth, be said to meet his people in parliament." Before the petitions could be laid before parliament,[801] the ministry had resigned.

[Sidenote: The Reform Bill introduced, 1 March, 1831.]

The new prime minister was Lord Grey, who, as a young man, had urged the necessity of parliamentary reform as early as 1792. Among those who were content to accept office under the new ministry, although in an inferior capacity, was Lord John Russell, who had also done good service for the cause, and who was now to be entrusted with the task of introducing the long looked for Bill. On the 1st March (1831) the first Reform Bill, which for the last sixty years the City had been anxiously awaiting, and for which it had agitated with all the forces at its command, was at length brought in.

[Sidenote: The Bill approved by Common Council and Livery.]

As soon as the provisions of the Bill became known the Common Council, who had hitherto refrained from expressing any opinion upon the nature of the change that had taken place in the ministry, hastened to express their satisfaction to the king at the policy adopted by his new ministers;--"We beg to assure your Majesty that having long entertained a deep and increasing conviction of the necessity of a reform in the representation of the people in the Commons House of Parliament, we have looked forward with the greatest anxiety to the course which your Majesty's ministers would adopt in reference to that important subject; and we now feel ourselves imperatively called upon, humbly and dutifully, to express to your Majesty our entire satisfaction at the principles of the measure that has been introduced, under their sanction, to the Honorable House of Commons."[802] The livery, too, presented an address in much the same terms, although by the provisions of the Bill nonresident liverymen were threatened with exclusion from the franchise. The Bill, they said, afforded a clear proof of the sincerity and honesty of his majesty's ministers, and entitled them to the best thanks and lasting gratitude of the country. They further presented addresses in the same strain to both Houses of Parliament.[803] The Court of Aldermen, on the other hand, were as little enamoured of reform as the Lords, and thought it best to say nothing beyond what they were committed to in the address of the Common Council.

[Sidenote: Dissolution of Parliament, 22 April, 1831.]

The debate on the first reading lasted seven nights. When the second reading came on the Bill passed, but only by a bare majority. A hostile amendment was subsequently carried in committee by a majority of eight, and thereupon the government withdrew the Bill, and Parliament was dissolved in order that the question might be submitted to the country (22 April). A special Court of Common Council was summoned to meet on the 27th, when the committee which had been recently appointed to watch the proceedings in Parliament relative to the Bill, reported the fact of the dissolution, and recommended the City to place on record its "cordial gratitude" to the king for having thus given the country an opportunity of expressing its wishes. A resolution was thereupon passed to that effect. This was followed by another resolution expressing a fervent hope that at the general election about to take place all minor considerations might give way to the one great duty of promoting the country's welfare, and that only such members would be returned as would unequivocally pledge themselves to support his majesty's ministers in carrying the great question of reform to a successful issue. By so doing they would overthrow "a faction arrayed in hostility against the liberties of their country, and seeking to maintain themselves in the usurpation of a power unknown to the constitution, and no less injurious to the prerogatives of the Crown than distinctive to the legitimate rights of the People."[804] The lord mayor had already received notice that in view of the elections which were to take place in the city on the 29th orders had been given that no troops should enter or be quartered in the city for one day at least previous to the day of election nor until one day at least after the closing of the poll. These steps were taken pursuant to Stat. 8 George II, c. 30, but the Court of Aldermen affected some surprise and the Town Clerk was instructed to ascertain whether similar orders had usually been given on the occasion of previous elections.[805]

[Sidenote: The Reform Bill passes the Commons, 21 Sept., 1831.]

The elections, which were carried on amid the greatest excitement, and no little riot and disorder, proved strongly in favour of the reformers. In the city the three aldermen, viz., Wood, Waithman and Thompson, who sat in the last Parliament, were again returned, but William Ward, who had been one of the city's representatives since 1826, was strongly advised not to put up again for fear of some personal violence being offered him,[806] and his seat was taken by Venables, another alderman. The Bill, in a slightly amended form, was again brought in, and eventually passed the Commons (21 Sept.).

[Sidenote: The Bill rejected by the Lords, 8 Oct.]

The livery of London, as well as the Common Council, had been anxious to petition the Lords to give their assent to the Bill, even before it had left the Commons. The livery, indeed, had drafted their petition two days before the Bill passed the Commons.[807] The Common Council were less precipitate, and waited until the 27th before they drew up their petition.[808] The Court of Aldermen again kept silence. The country waited with anxiety to see what the Lords would do. It had not long to wait. On the first reading the Bill was thrown out by a majority of forty-one (8 Oct.).

[Sidenote: City address to the king on rejection of Bill by Lords, 8 Oct., 1831.]

The opponents of the measure believed and hoped that the fate of the ministry was now sealed. The day that the Bill was rejected by the Lords another Common Council was summoned for the purpose of taking into consideration what under the circumstances was best to be done. It forthwith resolved to draw up an address to the king expressive of the City's bitter disappointment at the Lords "having turned a deaf ear to the nation's voice, and thrown out the great Bill for consolidating the peace, prosperity and liberties of the people," and of its continued confidence in his majesty's ministers. The address concluded with a solemn warning that unless the country received some assurance that a Bill, similar to that which had been just rejected, would soon be passed, nothing could prevent "the most fearful national commotions."[809]

[Sidenote: The king's reply, 12 Oct.]

The king received the address very graciously and thanked the City for its expressions of confidence and loyalty. He assured the citizens of his desire to uphold the just rights of the people, and of his determination to further the promotion of such measures as might seem best calculated for that purpose; and he concluded by recommending those present to use all their influence with their fellow citizens for the purpose of preventing acts of violence and commotion.[810]

[Sidenote: Address of the livery, 10 Oct., 1831.]

The livery were scarcely less prompt in assuring the king of their loyalty, and their confidence in the existing government:--"We venture humbly to represent to your majesty our belief that under the present trying and difficult circumstances, the security of public credit and the preservation of the public peace depend upon their continuance in office." No other ministers, they went on to say, would possess the same esteem and confidence of the country, and they only were in a position to carry the Bill.[811] At the same time they passed a vote of thanks to the ministers "for their honest, firm, and patriotic course of conduct."

[Sidenote: Agitation in the country, Oct.-Nov., 1831.]

The City's prognostications of evil arising out of the Lords' refusal to bow to the will of the nation were fully justified. The streets of London and other large towns became the scenes of disorderly riots. At Derby the houses of those opposed to reform were attacked by the mob and their windows smashed. The ancient castle of Nottingham, once a royal residence, was fired and reduced to a pile of smoking ruins. At Birmingham a meeting was held at which those who were present pledged themselves to pay no taxes if the Reform Bill were again rejected,[812] whilst at Bristol, nearly a whole square was burnt by the mob.[813] The political unions that had sprung up all over the country resolved to increase their strength by the formation of a National Political Union, which should have its head-quarters in London. To this end, a meeting was held in Lincoln's Inn Fields, on the 31st of October, with Sir Francis Burdett in the chair. The proceedings, however, took such a radical turn that before long Burdett withdrew his name from the association. The government, too, became alarmed at the prospect of a meeting announced to be held on the 7th November. Orders were given to swear in special constables, the whole of the recently established (1829) police force was to be held in readiness, and a large body of troops was quartered in the neighbourhood of the capital ready to put down any disturbance that might arise. On the 4th November--three days before the proposed meeting--a royal proclamation was read before the Court of Aldermen calling upon all his majesty's liege subjects to assist the civil magistrates in putting down disturbances as soon as any should appear, and to aid in the preservation of the peace. Thereupon a resolution was passed to the effect that each member of the Court in his respective ward should immediately enroll and swear in a number of special constables to assist the magistracy upon any tumult, riot, outrage or breach of the peace occurring within the city.[814] Thanks to the precautions thus taken, and to the advice given to the leaders of the movement by Lord Melbourne, the meeting was not held.[815]

[Sidenote: Votes of thanks to Sir John Key, mayor, Nov., 1831.]

On the 9th November, Sir John Key, the lord mayor, entered upon his second year of office, having been re-elected by the livery, and forced upon the Court of Aldermen for a second term.[816] The Common Council, as was usual, acknowledged his services of the past year, and more particularly his "vigilant superintendence of the police," which had conduced so much to the peace of the city, with a formal vote of thanks.[817] Two days previously (15 Nov.), when a similar vote had been proposed in the Court of Aldermen, it failed to pass for lack of a _quorum_,[818] and the matter was allowed to drop. The livery had already tendered him their thanks, not only for the zeal he had displayed in the cause of parliamentary reform, but also for his consenting to undertake another year of office and for upholding the election rights of the livery against the "secret tribunal" of the Court of Aldermen.[819]

[Sidenote: Lords Grey and Althorp voted the Freedom of the City, 26 April, 1832.]

On the 12th December (1831) the Bill was again brought in by Lord John Russell and on the 23rd March (1832), it passed the Commons. The second reading of the Bill took place in the Lords on the 14th April, and was carried by a majority of nine; after which both Houses rose for the Easter recess. Before they met again the Common Council had voted Earl Grey and Viscount Althorp, the chancellor of the exchequer, the Freedom of the City, (both of whom graciously acknowledged the compliment), and had drawn up a petition to the Lords, to be presented by the Duke of Sussex, praying them to pass the Bill with the least possible delay.[820]

[Sidenote: Resignation of the ministry, 9 May, 1832.]

When, after the recess, the Bill came again before the Lords (7 May), the government found themselves beaten on an amendment introduced by Lord Lyndhurst, who had been chancellor in Wellington's ministry.[821] Grey who had been constantly urged to advise the king to create a sufficient number of new peers to insure the passing of the Bill, now asked him to cut the Gordian knot by the creation of fifty new peers. The king, however, was becoming frightened at the determined attitude of the country, and declined. Thereupon the minister tendered his resignation (9 May).

[Sidenote: City petition to Parliament, 10 May, 1832.]

The news that the ministers had resigned was received with howls of indignation throughout the country. The papers appeared with a black edge of deep mourning. The National Union decreed that whoever should advise a dissolution was an enemy to the country. The day following the resignation of the government a special Court of Common Council met and drew up a petition to the House of Commons, expressing their mortification and disappointment at finding that his majesty had refused his ministers the means of carrying the Bill through the House of Lords. They, too, like the National Union, were of opinion that whoever advised his majesty to withhold from his ministers the means of ensuring the success of the Reform Bill, had proved themselves the enemies of their sovereign, and had "put to imminent hazard the stability of the throne, and the tranquillity and security of the country," and they prayed the House to withhold all supplies until the Bill had passed.[822] The city members and those of the Common Council who had seats in Parliament were urged to support the prayer of the petition, and to decline voting any supplies until the Reform Bill should have been satisfactorily secured, and a joint committee of all the aldermen and commoners of the city was appointed to sit from day to day, to promote the object they had so much at heart.[823]

[Sidenote: Proceedings of Common Hall, 11 May, 1832.]

The next day (11 May), the livery met in Common Hall and drew up an address to the king. The defeat of the Bill, to pass which the electors of the country had specially sent their representatives to Parliament--the defeat of the Bill by a small majority in the House of Lords, had (they said), "spread terror and dismay" among his majesty's subjects, and threatened the credit, the tranquillity, the institutions of the country. At such a crisis the livery of London could not do less than pray his majesty to "adopt such measures as are provided by the constitution" (in other words, create a sufficient number of peers) for the purpose of removing all obstacles to the Bill.[824] Not content with appealing to the king, they called upon the House of Commons to exercise their right, given them for the good and welfare of the nation, and to refuse any further supplies until the Bill should have become law.[825] They, further, passed a number of resolutions upholding the conduct of Lord Grey and his colleagues in the ministry, and condemning those, who like the Duke of Wellington and others, were at that moment attempting "to mislead and delude the people by pretended plans of reform," after defeating "the people's Bill."[826]

[Sidenote: Another City address to the king, 14 May, 1832.]

For a whole week the country was kept in a state of suspense, anxiously waiting to see whether the Duke of Wellington, who had declared his willingness to accept office and to give his support to a less complete measure of reform, would succeed in forming an administration or not. Whilst negotiations were being carried on the Common Council met (14 May), and drew up a long and strongly-worded address ending with a declaration that they--the lord mayor, aldermen and Common Council of the city of London--would be wanting in their duty to themselves and to posterity, if they did not express their overwhelming sorrow at the resignation of his majesty's late honest ministers, and their serious apprehension that unless Lord Grey and his colleagues were promptly recalled and allowed to pass the Reform Bill unmutilated and unimpaired, the country would witness those "calamities which have affected other nations when struggling to be free."[827] There would, in fact, be a revolution, such as had been witnessed in France at the close of the last century.

[Sidenote: Re-call of Earl Grey's ministry, 18 May, 1832.]

When the sheriffs applied for an appointment to be made for the reception of the address, they were put off from time to time. Thereupon, the matter was taken up by the recently appointed joint committee, and on the 18th, they had an interview with Earl Grey, but by that time matters had been accommodated, and there was no longer any occasion for presenting the address. The Duke of Wellington had three days before (15 May), communicated to the king his inability to form a ministry, and on the evening of the 18th, formal announcement was made to both houses that Earl Grey and his colleagues had been recalled and were in a position to carry through the Bill unimpaired in efficiency and without mutilation.[828] The Common Council took an early opportunity of expressing their utmost satisfaction at the turn of affairs, and passed resolutions to that effect, which were ordered to be delivered to the secretary of state, and also to be published in all the morning and evening newspapers.[829]

[Sidenote: The Reform Bill becomes law, 7 June, 1832.]

The question naturally arose whence this confidence of the recalled ministry? Was the House of Lords to be swamped by the creation of a batch of new peers, or had an arrangement been made for securing the withdrawal of the requisite number of opposition peers? The answer was soon forthcoming. When the Bill again came before the lords, the Duke of Wellington left the house, and was followed by about a hundred other peers. The bishops withdrew in a body, and the Bill, with some trifling alterations, which the Commons readily accepted, was passed by a large majority (4 June), and three days later received the royal assent.

[Sidenote: The rights of the livery saved.]

The Bill as introduced in December last, had to undergo some alterations in order that the proposed plan of reform might embrace the livery franchise peculiar to the city of London. The necessity of amendments in this direction did not escape the attention of the committee appointed on the 21st April (1831), to watch the course of the Reform Bill and to give support to Earl Grey's ministry; and the day after the Bill had received the royal assent, this committee had the satisfaction of reporting to the Common Council that the most important of the amendments proposed by them had been adopted and introduced in the Act.[830]

[Sidenote: Celebration of Reform at Guildhall, 11 July, 1832.]

The citizens were immensely pleased at the success which, after so long a struggle, had at last attended their efforts to secure a better representation of the people in the House of Commons. The measure was not and could not be final, but it was a step, and a long step in the right direction, and as such, the Common Council resolved that it should be publicly celebrated, and honour given to those to whom honour was due in effecting its accomplishment. An Irish and a Scottish Reform Bill were still before parliament, but as the passing of these measures was looked upon as a foregone conclusion, they were not allowed to stand in the way of the City's proposed celebration of the passing of the English Bill. Earl Grey and Lord Althorp had not yet received the Freedom of the City voted in April last. It was therefore arranged that the Freedom should be conferred upon these ministers with all the pomp and ceremony that befitted the occasion on Wednesday, the 11th July,[831] and that the presentation should be followed by an entertainment at the Guildhall, given to all those members of the House of Commons who had voted for the third reading of the Bill, as well as to those peers who had voted against Lord Lyndhurst's amendment, and such other noblemen and gentlemen as had lent their aid to the cause. In acknowledging the honour conferred upon him Earl Grey paid befitting tribute to the City's influence in the commercial world, its loyalty to the constitution, and its love of freedom "never more conspicuously manifested" than during recent events.[832] A book containing the autographs of the principal guests, among whom was the Duke of Sussex, is preserved in the Guildhall library, as well as a medal struck in commemoration of the passing of the Bill.[833]

[Sidenote: A retrospect.]

With this signal triumph of the people, to which the city of London had contributed so much, the present work is brought to a close. No good end would be served by entering the domain of contemporary politics. Enough has been set out in these pages to convince the impartial reader that the city of London is no mean city; that it possesses a record equal, if not indeed superior, to that of any other city in the Universe, ancient or modern, and that its wealth and influence have ever been devoted to the cause of religious, social and political freedom. Notwithstanding anything its detractors may say, the City has not only marched with the age, it has for the most part been a leader of public opinion, and has shown itself in advance of the age. It is to three notable aldermen of the city, viz., Oliver, Crosby, and Wilkes, be it remembered, that the country is indebted for the liberty of the press, and the freedom of reporting Parliamentary debates, so long jealously withheld. Had it not been for the determined attitude of these aldermen the country might have waited still longer for Parliament to be brought to realise that its proceedings are (so to speak) public property. It was Wilkes, again, and his brother aldermen who made a successful stand against the pernicious, if lawful, custom of pressing men for the king's service, the result being that whilst the rest of the kingdom was over-run with press-gangs, the city of London was quit of them, or if any ventured to seize the person of a citizen, they were soon made to surrender their prey.

[Sidenote: Enfranchisement of Jews.]

If other evidence, beyond what appears in these pages, were wanting in proof of the enlightened policy pursued by the Corporation of London, it will be found in the fact that Jews were enfranchised and admitted into the city's council and to all municipal offices long before they gained admission into the council of the nation. In December, 1830, the Common Council passed a Bill for extending the Freedom of the City to all natural born subjects, not professing the Christian religion but in other respects qualified, upon their taking the Freeman's oath according to the forms of their own religion.[834] Five years later David Salomons, a Jew, was admitted to the shrievalty. In 1847 he was elected alderman, and in 1855 became lord mayor. In the meanwhile, repeated attempts had been made to get Parliament to pass a Bill for altering the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, in such a manner that Jews might be relieved of the necessity of making a declaration "upon the true faith of a Christian." The House of Commons had again and again passed Bills to this effect, but they had always been rejected by the Lords, who steadily refused to give their assent to the admission of Jews, notwithstanding the entreaties of the city of London.[835] The election of Alderman Salomons to the mayoralty was regarded by the livery of London as "a triumph to liberal principles," and as affording a prospect "of the ultimate triumph of the cause of toleration by the admission of the members of the Jewish persuasion to the legislature, and the highest offices of the State."[836] Their hopes were now destined to be soon realised. A compromise was at last effected, and three years later (23 July, 1858), a Bill was passed allowing either House by a resolution to modify the form of oath required from its members.

[Sidenote: Baron Rothschild, M.P., for the City.]

For years the City had been content to suffer for its principles. Ever since 1847 it had continued to return a Jew to Parliament, in the person of Baron Lionel Rothschild, in spite of the fact that he was not allowed to take his seat. As soon however as the Bill became law, the House of Commons passed the necessary resolution, and on the 26th April the Baron took his seat, and the City recovered its full representation in Parliament. Both Alderman Salomons and Baron Rothschild commemorated their respective victories by endowing scholarships in the City of London School, open to candidates of every religious persuasion; and a like scholarship was founded by a committee known as the "Committee of the Jewish Commemoration Fund."[837]

[Sidenote: The City's finances.]

The city of London was, as we have seen, known in earliest times as the king's "Chamber," and the Chamberlain was the king's officer. The City in fact served as the purse of the nation, until such time as the establishment of the Bank of England did away with the necessity of direct applications to the Corporation for loans, to enable the government of the kingdom to be carried on. Like the nation itself, the City has had its times of pecuniary distress, and nothing but the most careful nursing of its estate has enabled it to tide over its difficulties. More especially was this the case at the close of the civil war, and again, for some years after the Great Fire, as well as at the commencement of the reign of Queen Anne.

[Sidenote: The City's public spirit.]

The City has not wasted its substance. Large sums have been expended upon local improvements, upon the erection of markets, upon bridges, not forgetting that latest marvel of engineering skill, the Tower Bridge, upon the City's schools, upon the erection of the Guildhall library with its adjacent Museum and Art Gallery, as well as upon the establishment and maintenance of one of the most successful Schools of Music ever known in this country. At the close of the year 1882, the Corporation had, within a comparatively recent period, expended nearly six and a half millions, out of its own funds, upon improvements within the city and liberties--improvements which benefited the inhabitants of the metropolis generally no less than the citizens themselves.[838] Nor has the Corporation stayed its hand at the city's boundaries. During the short period of ten years preceding 1882, a sum of more than £300,000 was expended out of the city's cash for providing open spaces for the people, including Epping Forest, Wanstead Park, West Ham Park, and Burnham Beeches, but irrespective of the later acquisitions of Coulsdon and other adjacent commons in the county of Surrey, since dedicated to the public.[839] An area exceeding 6,000 acres in all, has thus been preserved for posterity and placed beyond risk of purprestures and encroachments.

[Sidenote: The City and the Metropolitan Board of Works.]

From the time when the Metropolitan Board of Works was first established in 1855, down to its disestablishment in 1889, the Corporation contributed large sums of money to assist that body in carrying out the stupendous work of the Thames Embankment, a work of which Londoners may well be proud, and were engaged jointly with the Board in freeing from toll the bridges of Staines, Walton, Hampton Court, Kingston and Kew, on the Thames, as well as Tottenham Mills and Chingford bridges on the Lea.

[Sidenote: Abolition of coal and wine dues, 1889.]

Since the abolition of the coal and wine dues in 1889, the whole of which had been devoted to carrying out improvements, erecting public buildings, and freeing bridges, in and near the metropolis,[840] the work of the Corporation, as well as of the London County Council (the successor to the Metropolitan Board of Works), in this direction has been sorely crippled. It was popularly supposed that the coal dues affected the price of coal and gas, and that as soon as the dues were abolished the price of these commodities would at once go down. The result has proved to be far otherwise. An income of more than half a million sterling, produced in such a way as to afford the minimum of burden to the taxpayer, and expended in such a way as to produce the maximum of benefit to the whole of the metropolis, has been lost to the City and the London County Council, whilst the consumer not only pays the same price as before for his coal and gas (the middle-man pocketing the tax), but finds himself saddled with an increased rate.

[Sidenote: The City as Port sanitary authority.]

One more remark and we have done. As conservators of the river Thames, the Corporation did much to improve its navigation, but in 1857 the conservancy was taken away from the City and became vested in a board. In 1872, however, the Corporation became the sanitary authority of the Port of London under somewhat remarkable circumstances. When the Public Health Bill of that year was framed, the Local Government Board long hesitated as to whom the duty of acting as the sanitary authority of the Port of London should be committed. At the last moment the Corporation stept in and volunteered to undertake the duty free of expense. The government readily accepted the offer, and to this patriotic act on the part of the municipality as well as to the energy of its executive officers, it is largely due that this vast metropolis enjoys comparative immunity from cholera and zymotic diseases and that the city itself, besides being the best paved and the best lighted, is also the most healthy city in the civilised world.

END OF VOL III.

FOOTNOTES:

[789] Journal 72, fo. 70.

[790] Journal 101, fos. 174-177, 180.

[791] Journal 102, fos. 152-153.

[792] Journal 104, fos. 196b-198b. Journal 106, fos. 236-237, 239b-241b.

[793] Journal 102, fos. 377-377b.

[794] Journal 102, fos. 376-376b.

[795] Journal 104, fo. 201. Repertory 234, fo. 743.

[796] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 274-280, 283-284.

[797] Journal 104, fos. 321-322, 323.

[798] _Id._, fos. 364b-366.

[799] Repertory 235, fo. 13.

[800] Journal 104, fo. 374.

[801] The petition to the commons was presented on the 16th Nov.--the day that the Duke of Wellington resigned; that to the lords on the 25th.--Journal House of Commons, lxxxvi, pt. 1, 87; Journal House of Lords, lxiii, 128.

[802] Journal 105, fo. 133.

[803] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 295-299.

[804] Journal 105, fos. 258-259b.

[805] Repertory 235, fos. 376, 377.

[806] Annual Register lxxiii, 154.

[807] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 304-306.

[808] Journal 105, fos. 376-377, 379b-380, 387b-389.

[809] Journal 105, fos. 389b-391b.

[810] _Id._, fo. 392.

[811] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fo. 312.

[812] Annual Register lxxiii, 281, 282.

[813] _Id._, lxxiii, 291-294.

[814] Repertory 235, fos. 711-714.

[815] Annual Register lxxiii, 296, 297.

[816] On Michaelmas-day the livery returned Key and Alderman Thorp. The Court of Aldermen selected Thorp, but he declined to take office. At a subsequent election the livery again returned Key and with him Alderman Thompson. The Court of Aldermen thereupon called upon Thompson, but he also declined to serve, and a third election had to take place. Again Key was returned, together with Alderman Kelly, and the Court of Aldermen finding the livery bent on having their own way, selected Key.--Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 308-310, 313-320.

[817] Journal 106, fo. 1.

[818] Repertory 236, fos. 4, 5.

[819] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fo. 320.

[820] Journal 106, fos. 245b-248.

[821] Annual Register lxxiv, 155.

[822] Journal 106, fos. 275-276.

[823] _Id._, fo. 276b.

[824] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 327-332.

[825] _Id._, fos. 332-333.

[826] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fos. 328-329.

[827] Journal 106, fos. 280b-283.

[828] Journal 106, fos. 326b-328. Annual Register lxxiv, 175, 185.

[829] Journal 106, fos. 328-328b.

[830] Journal 106, fos. 377-377b.

[831] Just a twelvemonth had elapsed since the freedom had been conferred on Lord John Russell (9 July, 1831), for undertaking the introduction of the Reform Bill. Ten years later (1841), he was returned as one of the members for the city, and continued to represent it until his elevation to the peerage.

[832] Journal 106, fos. 378-379b. Journal 107, fos. 119b-129b.

[833] For description of this medal and of other medals struck from time to time by order of the Corporation, see _Numismata Londinensia_, edited with descriptive notes by Mr. Charles Welch, F.S.A., the Guildhall Librarian, (London, 1894).

[834] Journal 105, fos. 5-6.

[835] Journal 126, fo. 31. Journal 127, fo. 345. Journal 129, fo. 379.

[836] Common Hall Book, No. 10, fo. 637.

[837] Hust. Roll, 372 (2), 373 (3), (4).

[838] See prefatory note to returns made by the Chamberlain pursuant to an order of the Court of Common Council, 26 Oct., 1882. (_Printed._)

[839] Chamberlain's returns (_Sup._).--"Expenditure for benefit of metropolis, etc." pp. 12, 13.

[840] For a list of metropolitan improvements and public works carried out by means of these dues, see "Ten years' growth of the City of London"--being a report of local government and taxation committee of the Corporation (1891), James Salmon, Esq., Chairman, pp. 130-139.

APPENDIX A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

No. 1. Reply from the City to a letter from King Henry V (Printed in _Memorials_), asking for wine and provisions for the army at Rouen. Dated 8 Sept. [1418].

No. 2. Proclamation for speeding men to the English army in Normandy. [1418.]

No. 3. Letter from King Henry V to the City, notifying the capture of Pontoise. Dated Mantes, 5 Aug. [1419].

No. 4. Reply to the above. Dated 6 Sept. [1419].

No. 5. Letter from the Duke of Clarence to the City on the same subject. Dated Mantes, 5 Aug. [1419].

No. 6. Reply to the above. Dated 6 Sept. [1419].

No. 7. Letter from Henry V to the City, informing the citizens of his movements in France. Dated Mantes, 12 July [1421].

No. 8. Reply to the above. Dated 2 Aug. [1421].

No. 9. Letter from the Duke of Bedford to the City, claiming the government of the realm at the death of Henry V. Dated Rouen, 26 Oct. [1422].

No. 10. Letter from the Mayor and Aldermen of the City to the Duke of Bedford. No date [1424].

No. 11. Another letter from the same to the same. No date [1424].

No. 12. Letter from the Earl of Salisbury and of Perche to the City, announcing the success of the war in France. Dated 5 Sept. [1428].

No. 13. Reply to the above. Dated 12 Oct. [1428].

No. 14. Letter from Henry VI to the City, asking for a loan. Dated Rouen, 10 Nov. [1430].

No. 15. Letter from Cardinal Beaufort, notifying the Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen of the City, of his intention to return forthwith to England. Dated Ghent, 13 April [1432].

No. 16. Letter from the Mayor and Aldermen of Calais to the City of London, asking for assistance. Dated 27 June [1436].

No. 17. Letter from Henry VI to the Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriffs of London, touching the peace of the City. Dated Lichfield, 3 Sept., 35 Hen. VI [1456].

No. 18. Letter from the same to the City, ordering the seizure of certain ships of war in the Thames. Dated Coventry, 10 March [1456-7].

No. 19. Letter from the same to the same, touching the peace of the City. Dated Kenilworth, 22 March [1456-7].

No. 20. Letter from the City to Henry VI, touching the capture of Sandwich by the French. Dated 3 Sept. [1457].

No. 21. Reply to the above. Dated Northampton, 5 Sept. [1457].

No. 22. Reply of Bishop Waynfleete, the Chancellor, to letter from the City, similar to No. 20 _supra_. Dated Waltham, 5 Sept. [1457].

No. 23. Letter from the Earl of Kendal, Lord Scales and others besieged in the Tower, to the Lord Mayor, asking why war was being made upon them. No date [circ. July, 1460].

No. 24. Reply to the above. No date.

No. 25. Agreement touching the surrender of the Tower by the Earl of Kendal, Lord Scales and others. Dated 16 July, 38 Hen. VI [1460].

No. 26. Minutes of the proceedings of the Common Council upon the return of the Earl of Warwick to England and the flight of King Edward IV. October, 1470.

No. 27. Letter from Thomas Fauconberge (commonly known as the "bastard Falconbridge,") to the City, declaring his peaceable intentions towards the City. Dated Sittingbourne, 8 May [1471].

No. 28. Reply to the above. Dated 9 May [1471].

No. 29. Account of the invasion of the City by the Kentish rebels. 12 May, 1471.

No. 30. Letter from King Henry VII to the City, announcing the betrothal of his daughter, the Princess Mary, to Charles of Castile. Dated Richmond, 28 Dec. [1507].

No. 31. Petition of Dean Colet to the Common Council that he might be allowed to purchase certain lands and tenements for the purpose of enlarging his school; 15th Jan., 3 Henry VIII [1511-12].

No. 32. Letter from Henry VIII to the City, desiring 300 men for the navy against a threatened invasion by the King of France. Dated Greenwich, 30 Jan. [1512-13].

No. 33. Letter from Cardinal Wolsey to the City, touching a loan of 4,000 marks. Dated 3 Sept. [1522].

No. 34. Letter from Henry VIII to the City requesting a benevolence. Dated Greenwich, 25 April [1525].

No. 35. Order of obsequies to be celebrated in the City on the death of the Lady Jane Seymour, 10 Nov., 1537.

No. 36. Extract from letter from Sir Richard Gresham to Thomas Cromwell, lord Privy Seal, touching the purchase of certain houses in Lombard Street belonging to Alderman Monoux, for the purpose of a site for an Exchange. Dated 25 July [1538].

No. 37. Letter from Henry VIII to Alderman Monoux, desiring him to part with the property above-mentioned. Dated Chichester, 13 Aug. [1538].

No. 38. Another letter from the same to the same, on the same subject. No date.

No. 39. Letter of thanks from Henry VIII to Alderman Monoux for acceeding to the King's former request. Dated Westminster, 25 Nov. [1538].

No. 40. Proclamation of Henry VIII, forbidding public hunting and hawking in the suburbs of London. Dated Westminster, 7 July, 37 Hen. VIII [1545].

No. 41. Letter from King Edward VI and the Protector Somerset to the City, asking for a force of 1,000 men as a protection against conspirators. Dated Hampton Court, 6 Oct. [1549].

No. 42. Letter from Lords of the Council to the City, touching the conduct of the Duke of Somerset. Dated 6 Oct. [1549].

No. 43. Letter from Queen Mary to the City, desiring a contingent of 1,000 men to be ready for active service at a day's notice. Dated Richmond, 31 July, 1557.

No. 44. Another letter from the same to the same, asking for 500 men to be immediately despatched for the relief of Calais. Dated Greenwich, 2 Jan. [1557-8].

No. 45. Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the City, desiring 250 soldiers for service at sea under the High Admiral, Lord Clinton, against the French. Dated Greenwich, 17 May, 2 Eliz. [1560].

No. 46. Letter from the same to the same, desiring that Sir Thomas Gresham might be discharged from serving the offices of Mayor, Alderman and Sheriff. Dated Westminster, 7 March, 5 Eliz. [1562-3].

No. 47. Proclamation against the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland or their rebellion against the Queen's majesty. Dated Windsor Castle, 24 Nov., 1569.

No. 48. Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the City on the occasion of the discovery of the Babington conspiracy. Dated Windsor Castle, 18 Aug., 1586.

No. 49. Speech delivered by a member of the Common Council upon the same occasion.

No. 50. List of ships furnished and victualled by the City to meet the Armada, 1588.

No. 51. Government order to victual ships furnished by the City against the Armada. 24 July, 1588.

No. 52. List of all the ships furnished by the City against Spain in 1558.

No. 53. Letter from King James I to the City, upon his accession. Dated Holyrood House, 28 March, 1603.

No. 54. Reply to the above. Dated 29 March, 1603.

No. 55. Another letter from King James I in answer to the foregoing. Dated Newcastle, 11 April, 1603.

No. 56. Letter from the Lords of the Council to Sir Arthur Chichester, Deputy in Ireland, as to the course to be pursued with the City's Commissioners appointed to view the Irish Estate. Dated Whitehall, 3 Aug., 1609.

No. 57. Letter from Speaker Lenthall to the Lord Mayor, asking, on behalf of Parliament, for a City loan of £60,000. Dated Covent Garden, 15 Jan., 1640-1.

No. 58. Another letter from Speaker Lenthall, on the same matter. Dated Covent Garden, 6 Feb., 1640-1.

No. 59. A third letter from the same, on the same matter. Dated Charing Cross, 19 Feb., 1640-1.

No. 60. Letter from the Earl of Essex to the City, desiring a loan of £100,000 for the maintenance of the Parliamentary army. Dated Northampton, 13 Sept., 1642.

No. 61. Letter from the same, announcing the appointment of Skippon as Sergeant-Major-General in the Parliamentary army. Dated Hammersmith, 16 Nov., 1642.

No. 62. Resolution of the Common Council for putting the City and suburbs into a posture of defence; 23 Feb., 1642-3.

No. 63. Letter from the Mayor, &c., of Gloucester to the City of London, touching the removal of Colonel Massey. Dated 29 May, 1645.

No. 64. Letter from the Mayor, &c., of Plymouth, to the same, enclosing copy of petition to Parliament for relief against the depredations of the Royalists. Dated 5 Sept., 1645.

No. 65. The City's petition to King Charles I, in reply to His Majesty's letter of the 19 May, 1646.

No. 66. Letter from Fairfax and the Council of War to the Commissioners of the City of London, forbidding further enlistments. Dated 14 June, 1647.

No. 67. Letter from the same to the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council of the City, touching the removal of the army and the safety of the King's person. Dated St. Albans, 15 June, 1647.

No. 68. The City's reply to the two preceding letters. Dated 18 June, 1647.

No. 69. Letter from Fairfax to the City in answer to the above. Dated St. Albans, 21 and 22 June, 1647.

No. 70. Letter from the City to Fairfax, informing him that Commissioners had been despatched to remain at the head-quarters of the army. Dated 25 June, 1647.

No. 71. Letter from Fairfax to the City, notifying the removal of the army to the bridge. Dated Berkhamstead, 25 June, 1647.

No. 72. Letter from Fairfax to the City, enclosing copy of proposals forwarded to Parliament from the army. Dated Reading, 8 July, 1647.

No. 73. Letter from the City to Fairfax, deprecating any attempt to intermeddle with the liberties and privileges of the City. Dated 28 July, 1647.

No. 74. Minutes of Common Council touching a recent disturbance in the City; 11 April, 1648.

No. 75. Letter from Fairfax to Skippon upon his re-appointment to the command of the City's forces. Dated Windsor, 10 May, 1648.

No. 76. A narrative of the proceedings of the Court of Common Council held the 13 Jan., 1648-9, presented by order of the Court to the House of Commons.

No. 77. Letter from the Council of State to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City, for defacing statues of James I and Charles I. Dated Whitehall, 31 July, 1650.

No. 78. Another letter from the same, ordering the entire removal of the statue of Charles I at the Royal Exchange. Dated Whitehall, 14 Aug., 1650.

No. 79. Letter from the Council of State to the City, for removal of ordnance to the Tower. Dated Whitehall, 19 Nov., 1653.

No. 80. The City's humble Petition and Representation to the Lord Protector, promising to stand by him against the enemies of the nation; 16 March, 1657-8.

No. 81. Letter from Sir John Langham to the Court of Aldermen, declining to resume the Aldermanry from which he had been deposed by Parliament, on the score of ill-health. Dated Crosby House, 18 Sept., 1660.

No. 82. Letter from the Earl of Manchester to the Court of Aldermen, desiring that the Butchers of the City might continue to supply offal to the King's "Game of Bears" as formerly. Dated Whitehall, 29 Sept., 1664.

No. 83. The City's address to King Charles II, congratulating him upon his escape after the Rye House Plot. 2 July, 1683.

No. 84. Letter from the Duke of Newcastle to the Lord Mayor, informing him of the Pretender having set up his Standard in Scotland. Dated Whitehall, 4 Sept., 1745.

No. 85. Another letter informing the Lord Mayor of the Pretender having entered Derby, and desiring him to put the City into a posture of defence. Dated Whitehall, 6 Dec., 1745.

No. 86. Proceedings relative to the expunging of the recognisance entered into by William Witham, Messenger of the House of Commons, as narrated by James Morgan, Clerk to the Lord Mayor, to the Committee appointed to assist in defending Crosby, Wilkes and Oliver. 22 March, 1771.

No. 87. Letter from Charles Fox, Chairman of the Westminster Committee, to the Town Clerk of London, suggesting a general meeting of the Committees of Association. Dated St. James's Street, 20 Feb., 1780.

No. 88. Letter of thanks from Edmund Burke to the same, for the City's approval of his Bill for Economical Reform. Dated St. James's Square, 6 March, 1780.

No. 89. Letter from Charles Fox to the same, forwarding copy of proceedings of the Westminster Committee of Association, and giving particulars of the proceedings of the House of Commons upon Dunning's motion. Dated St. James's Street, 10 April, 1780.

APPENDIX A.

No. 1.

Reply from the City to a letter from King Henry V [Printed in _Memorials_] asking for wine and provisions for the army at Rouen. Dated the Feast of Nativ. of B.V.M. (8 Sept., 1418).

Letter Book I, fo. 216.

Our most dred most soveraign lord and noblest kyng to the soveragn highnesse of your kyngly mageste with all maner of lowenesse and reverence mekly we recomende us Nat oonly as we oughte and shulde but as we best can and may with alle our hertes thankynge your soveraign excellence of your gracious lettres in makyng gladsom in understondyng and passyng confortable in favoring of our poure degrees which ye liked late to send us from your hoost afore the cite of Roan. In which lettres after declaracõn of your most noble entent for the refresshing of your hooste ye recorde so highly the redinesse of our wille and power at alle tymes to your plesaunce and thankyn us therof so hertely that treuly save oonly our preier to hym that al good quiteth never was it ne mighte it halfe be deserved. And after suing in your forsaid gracious lettres ye praye us effcuelly [_sic_] to do enarme as mani smale vessels as we may with vitaille and specially with drinke for to come up as fer as they may in to the river of Seyne. And nat only this but in the conclusion of your soveraign lettres forsayd ye fede us so bounteuesly with behest shewyng of your good lordship to us in tyme comyng as ye have ever don that now and ever we shulle be the joyfuller in this life whan we remembre us on so noble a grace. [O how may the simplesse of pouere lieges better or mor clerly conceyve the graciouse love and favorable tendresse of the kyng her soveraign lord than to here how your most excellent and noble persone more worthi to us than alle wordly richesse or plente in so thynne habondance of vitaill homly disposed so graciously and goodly declare and uttir un to us that ar your liege men and subgitz yor plein luste and plesaunce as it is in yor sayd noble lettres worthily conteyned. Certein trewe liege man is þer non ne feithful subgit coude þer non ne durste tarie or be lachesse in any wyse to the effectuell praier or comaundement of so soveraign and high a lord which his noble body peineth and knightly aventureth for the right and welfare of us alle].[841] Oure most dred most soveraign lord and noblest kyng plese it your soveraign hignesse to understonde how that your forsaid kyngly praier as most strait charge and comaundement we willyng in alle pointes obeye and execute anon fro þe resceit of your of your [_sic_] sayd gracious lettres which was þe xix day of August nigh none unto þe makyng of þese symple lettres what in getyng and enarmyng of as many smale vessels as we myght doyng brewe boþe ale and bere purveing wyne and oþer vitaillee for to charge with þe same vessels we have don our besie deligence and cure as god wot. In which vessels wiþoute gret plente of oþer vitails þat men of your cite London aventuren for refresshing of your host to þe costes where your soveraign presence is Inne we lowely send wiþ gladdest wille unto your soveraign excellence and kyngly mageste by John Credy[842] and John Combe poure officers of your sayd cite bringers of these lettres tritty botes of swete wyne that is to seye ten of Tyre, ten of Romeney, ten of Malvesy and a thousand pipes of ale and bere with thuo thousand and five hundred coppes for your hoost to drinke of which we besech your high excellence and noble grace for our alder comfort and gladnesse benignely to resceyve and accepte nat havyng reward to þe litelhed or smale value of the gifte it self which is simple but to þe good will and high desir þat þe poure yevers þerof hav to þe good spede worship and welfare of yor most soveraign and excellent persone of which spede and welfare and al your oþer kyngly lustes and plesaunces we desire highly be the sayd berers of thes lettres or oþer whom your soveraign highnesse shal like fully to be lerned and enfourmed. Our moost dred most soveraign lord and noblest kyng we lowely besech the kyng of heven whos body refused nat for our savacõn wordly peyne gilteles to endure þat he your graciouse persone which for our alder good and proffit so knythly laboureþ litel or noght chargyng bodily ease in al worship and honure evermore to kepe and preserve. Writen at Gravesende under þe seal of mayralte of your sayd cite London on þe day of þe Nativite of our Lady the Blisful Mayde [8 Sept.].

No. 2.

Proclamation for speeding men to the English army in Normandy. 6 Henry V, A.D. 1418.

Letter Book I, fo. 217.

Be ther a proclamacõn made that al maner men þe which wil toward the Cite of Roan or any other place in the coste of Normandie þere to bein service sould or wages wiþ þe kyng our soveraign lord whom god save and kepe or wiþ ony other persone of his host or retenu make and apparale hem redy in alle haste betuen this and souneday þat next comith atte ferthest for to be wiþ inne shipbord in their best and most defensable harneys and covenablest ariaye to Seyle toward þe costes above sayd an in þe mene while come they to þe Mair of þys Citie and heshal ordeyne and dispose hem redy Shippyng in this port and vitaill free toward þe costes abovesayd.

No. 3.

Letter from King Henry V to the City notifying the capture of Pontoise. Dated Mantes, 5 Aug. [1419].

Letter Book I. fo. 236

By þe kyng.

Trusti and welbeloved we grete yow wel and late you wete to your comfort that we been in good heele and prosperite of our persone blessed be god which graunte you always soo to bee Ferthermore as touching tithing we signifie unto yow þat god of his grace worshiped be he hath sent in to our handes our toun of Pontoyse and hough profitable þe havyng of it is unto us John Palyng þe bringer of þis can enfourme you. And we pray you thankeþ god þerof and of alle his gracious soondes þat he sendeth us and for asmoch as our adverse partie wool noo pees nor accord have wiþ us but finally have refused al meenes of pees We be compelled ayein to werre thorough þair default as he wot þat al knoweþ. To whoos mercy we trust for our good wil and redinesse to þe pees to have þe better spede heraftur þe which we recomende to your good prayers wiþ al our herte and god have you in his kepyng Yeven under our Signet at our town of Mant þe v day of Augst.

No. 4.

Reply to the above. Dated 6 Sept. [1419.]

_Id. Ibid._

Our most dred and most souveraign ertly lord we recomande us unto þe souveraign excellence of your kyngly mageste in þe most humble and lowely wyse þt any pouere or simple lieges can best imagine or devise lowely thankyng your souveraign excellence and noble grace of þe right gracious and right confortable lettres which ye liked late to sende us fro your town of Maunt be Johan Palyng. The which lettres with al maner of honour and lowely reverence we have mekly resceyved and understonde. And trewely most dred and souveraign lord gladder ne moor confortable tithinges might never have come nor in better tyme for to satisfie and refresche þe fervent desir of your poure lieges þat have loong thrusted aftur knowlech of your prosperite than were your sayd gracious lettres the which amongs al oþer special graces most principalich for our hertly confort conteyned þe souveraign helþ and parfit prosperite of your most souveraign and gracious persone. The which Crist of his souveraign mercy and noble pite plese alwey to kepe in al maner of worship and joye. Our most dred and souveraign erthly lord whan we remembre us hough þat your kyngly might and power grounded in the trewe pees of god is so vertuosly soonded wiþ þe spirit of meknesse in devout and continuel thankyng of god in al his soondes and trust of good prayers of your peple as your said lettres make gracious mencõn: Trewely we ar meved be as gret consideracõn and as resonable cause as ever were liege men to pray as we have and shulle yet god will for þe good and gracious spede of your most excellent and gracious persone and to thanke god lowely þat ever he sent us so gracious and so vertuose a souveraign lord to regne and have lordship up on us. Our most dred and most souveraign lord yef it like your souveraign highnesse to here of þastat of your citee London plese it your kyngly mageste to conceyve þat in more quiet ne pesibler rest as ferforth as absence of you þat ar our most gracious and most souveraign lord may suffre was never erthly citee nor place blessed be god. Our most dred and most souveraign lord we lowely beseche god the kyng of pees whos grace excedeth þe merit of hem þat pray þat he vouche sauf your kyngly mageste stabilissh in al vertu and evermore kepe your most excellent and souveraign persone in al joy and prosperite to his plesaunce. Writen at your said citee of London under þe seal of mairalte þerof the vie day of September.

No. 5.

Letter from the Duke of Clarence to the Mayor and Aldermen of London notifying the capture of Pontoise. Dated Mantes, 5 Aug. [1419]

Letter Book I, fo. 236b.

Right trusty and Welbeloved We grete you well often tymes with al our herte. And forasmoche as it is confortable and likyng to you to here of þe tithinges in this parties. We do you to understonde þat the morwe after þat the werre began at this tyme by twene my lord þe kyng and his adversaire of Fraunce by cause þat he wolde naught applie nor accorde to right and resoun he assigned certein peple to passe to Pountoise Where the Frensh kyng lay during the time of this convencõn. And so thei have wonne the forsaid toun by assaulte ithonked be god thorough the whiche wynninge my forsaid lord hath passage to Parys. Ferthermore We do you to understonde that Roger Tillyngton, Skynnere, our welbeloved servaunt desurth gretly to be freman and enfranchised amongs you at þis tyme. Wherefor We pray you entierly With al our herte þat ye wol for contemplacõn and favour of us to admitte and resceyve the forsayd Roger to be enfraunchised amongs you so þat he may knowe þat þis our praier may availle hym and stonde in stede as our gret trust is in you Right trusty and Welbeloved þe Holy Trinite have you evermore in his kepyng I writen at Maunt Under our Signet the v day of Augst.

No. 6.

Reply to the above. Dated 6 Sept. [1419]

_Id. ibid._

Right High right mighty Prince and excellent lord We recomaunde us unto þe high lordship of your gracious excellence in as humble Wyse as any poure men best can or may ymagine and devise Thakyng your lordly excellence in as lowely maner as office of writing may conteyne for þe high and favorable remembraunce which your gracious Lordship hath to þe Citee of London in signifieng to us be your gracious lettres writen at Maunt the v day of Augst of our most dred and most souveraign erthly lordes prosperous helth and victorious spede and eke of youres. The Which god of His souveraign grace and noble pite With encrees of al honur and Joye ever kepe & mainteigne. Right high right mighty Prince and excellent Lord yef it like your lordly excellence to here of thastat of the Citee of London. Plese it your gracious Lordship to conceyve þat in moor quiet ne pesibler rest blessed be god was never erthly Cite nor toun in absence of her most souveraign & gracious Lord. Right high right mighty Prynce and excellent lord þe Prynce of all hevenly knyght hood have you in his holy kepyng. Writen at þe sayd Citee London under þe seal of Mairalte þerof þe vje day of September.

No. 7.

Letter from Henry V to the City informing the citizens of his movements in France. Dated Mantes, 12 July [1421].

Letter Book I, fo. 263.

Trusty and welbeloved we grete yow wel And for asmuch as we be certein that ye wol be joyful to here good tiding of oure estat and welfare we signiffie unto yow that we be in good heele and prosperite of oure personne and so been oure brother of Gloucestre oure beluncle of Excestre and al the Remenant of lordes and other personnes of oure oost blessed be oure lorde whiche graunte yow soo for to bee witting moreover that in oure comyng by Picardy we hadde disposed us for to have taried sumwhat in the cuntre for to have sette hit with goddes help in better gouvernance and whils we were besy to entende therto come tidinges unto us that he that clepeth hym Daulphin was commen doun with a greet puissance unto Chartres and thoos parties purposinge hym for to leye siege as we were enfourmed unto the saide toun of Chartres. Wherefor we drow us in al haste unto Paris as wel for to sette oure fader of France as the saide good toune of Paris in seure gouvernance and from them unto this oure toun of Mante at whiche jolace we arrived on Wodnesday last to thentente for to have yeven secours with goddes grace unto the saide toun of Chartres and hider comme unto us oure brother of Burgoigne with a faire felaship for to have goon with us to the saide secours the whiche oure brother of Burgoigne we fynde right a trusty lovyng and faithful brother unto us in al thinges. But in oure comyng from Paris unto this oure toun of Mante we were certified uppon the weye by certain lettres that were sent unto us that the saide pretense Daulphin for certein causes that meved hym hath reised the saide siege and is goon in to the cuntre of Touraine in greet haste as hit is saide and we truste fully unto oure lord that þorow his grace and mercy al thinges here that we shall have to doo with shall goo wel from hensforth to his plesance and worship whom we beseche devoutely that hit soo may bee and to have yow in his keping. Yeven under oure signet in oure oost at oure toun of Mante the xij day of July.

No. 8.

Reply to the above. Dated 2 August [1421].

Letter Book I, fo. 263.

Our most dred and most soveraign erthly lord we recomaunde us un to your kyngly power and soveraign highnesse in as meke wyse and lowly maner as eny simple officers or pouere lieges most hertly can ymagine or divise Thankyng with al our hool myght and konnyng your soveraign excellence and noble grace of þe right confortable and joyfull lettres which ye liked late to sende us from your town of Mante þe which lettres with al maner of humble reverence we have lowly resceyved and understonde. By whos tenure amonges al other blessed spede and gracious tithynges. For which we thanke highly and ever shall þe lord almyghty ware we most inwardly comforted and rejoysed whan we herd þe certeinte of your prosperouse helth after which we have longe desired and which god of his eendles pite ever kepe and mainteign And of þestate of your cite London yef it like your soveraign highnesse to heere and understonde Plese it your kyngly Mageste to conceyve þat in pesibler degree tretabler governance ne joyfuller rest as ferforth as absence of yow þat are our lord most soveraign under god may suffre was never erthly cite nor place blessed be god in whos vertu stondeth al kyngly gladnesse which of his infinit power and most habundaunt grace alwey dresse and continue your spede to his high worship and plesaunce and sende yow grace with report of wordly victorye upon us and all your other lieges longe for to regne. Writen at your saide cite of London under þe seal of þe Mairalte þerof þe ij day of Augst.

No. 9.

Letter from the Duke of Bedford to the City claiming the government of the realm at the death of Henry V. Dated Rouen 26 Oct, [1422].

Letter Book K, fo. 2.

Right trusty and welbeloved we grete yow wel with al oure herte And for asmuche as hit liked our lord but late a goo to calle the kyng our souverain lord that was from this present world un to his pardurable blisse as we truste fermely by whos deces during the tendre age of the king oure souverain lord that is nowe the gouvernance of the Reaume of England after the lawes and ancien usage and custume of þe same Reaume as we be enfourmed belongeth un to us as to þe elder brother of our saide souverain lord that was. And as next unto þe coroune of England and havyng chief interesse after the king þat is oure souverain lord whom god for his mercy preserve and kepe. We praye yow as hertely and entirerly as we can and may and also requere yow by þe faithe and ligeance that ye owe to god and to þe saide coroune that ye ne yeve in noo wyse assent conseil ne confort to any thing that myght be ordenned pourposed or advised in derogacõn of þe saide lawes usage and custume yif any suche be or in prejudice of us Lattyng you faithfully wite that our saide prayer and requeste procedeth not of ambicion ner of desir that we might have of worldly worship other of any singuler comodite or prouffit that we might resceyve thereby but of entier desir and entente that we have that the forsaide lawes usage and custume ne shulde be blemysshed or hurt by oure lachesse negligence or deffaulte ner any prejudice be engendred to any personne souffisant and able to þe whiche the saide gouvernance myght in cas semblable be longyng in tyme comyng Making pleine protestacõn that it is in no wise oure entente any thing to desire that were ayenst the lawes and custumes of the saide lande ner also ayenst the ordonnance or wil of oure saide souverain lorde that was savyng our right to þe whiche as we trowe and truste fully that hit was not oure saide souverain lordes entente to deroge or doo prejudice. And god have you in his keping Writen under oure signet at Rouen þe xxvj day of Octobre.

No. 10.

Letter from the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London to the Duke of Bedford. No date [A.D. 1424.]

Letter Book K, fo. 18b.

Right high right myghty and right honourable Prince we recomaunde us un to your Lordly excellens in þe most humble and servisable maner that we can best ymagine and devise Thankyng lowly your noble grace of þo gracious lettres in makyng gladsom in undyrstandyng and passyng comfortable in favoring of our pouer degrees Whyche you liked late to sende us from Craille upon case[843] [_sic_] in Normandie be þat worshypfull and wel avised man John Salveyn your esquier whyche hath made us notable report and right comfortable exposiciõn of þestate and tidinges of þat londe blessed be god. Bot amonges alle other more gladder ne more comfortable tidinges myght now have come nor in better tyme to satisfie and refressh þe fervent desire of us that long have thursted after knowlech of your prosperite þan were seid gracious lettres þat yaven us ful enformacõn and singler comfort of þe gode hele and disposicõn of your persone whyche Crist of his soveraign mercy and pite infenite ever preserve and mainteigne in Joye and honoure to his plesaunche. Right high right myghty and right houourable Prince of þat þat your lordly clemence so benigly voucheþ sauf as is purported in þe parclose of your seid lettres to have assercion be comers be twene of your gode desires enclinyng your excellence to þaccomplissement of hem at alle tymes, it excedeth in estimablich our power and konnyng to yeve you thankynges þerof recompensable in every wyse. Bot god þat is guerdoner of every gode dede quite rewarde yow in stede of us where we may not. And for we truste and knowe verilich þat hit pleseth yow to here of þestate of þe cite of London to whiche ye have evyr be right gode Lorde and favorable we certefie un to your gracious Lordship þat in more quiete ne pesibler reste was never Cite nor place blessed be god whiche of his incomperable bounte send you gode and graciouse lif to þe plesaunche of hym and comfort of us and alle your oþer welvillers long for to lede Writen at London.

No. 11.

Another letter from the same to the same. No date [A.D. 1424.]

Letter Book K, fo. 21.

Right high right mighty And right honurable Prince we recomaunde us to þestate of your lordly excellence in as humble maner as eny ordyr of writing can expresse for bountees & bienfaites innumerable which þe liberal grace of your high and gracious lordship without our meryt or desert hath ever shewed us heretofore but at þis tyme in especial for þo passing gladsom and confortable letters of credens þat plesyd you late to sende un fro Vermeil[844] on perche be þat worshipful & wel avised esquier Stephen Hatefelde on of your kervers which made us noble assercõn ioyfull report and comendable credence of þe cronicable and victoriouse esploit þat our lord almyghty be special influence of his grace as it semeth and singler mediacõn of your knyghtly corage sent un to þat blessed innocent and gracious Prince our soveraign Lord whiche esploit and victorie as devoutly as we can or may we yelde and ever shall humble þankinges and grace to þe lord of hevenis which in þe balance of his infenit merci and pite as it semyth so favourably weyeth þe right and Innocence of our seid soveraign lord during his tendre age þat he will not suffre hym in nowise to be Injuried be malice or circumvencõn of his enemyes Bot hath purveid sent and stablisshed you right high right myghty and right honourable Prince to be a special mene and supporter in þis parte for tuicõn and conservacõn of his right and Innocence to singler comfort and consolacõn of all his people blessid be god whiche of his incomperable bounte send you good and graciouse lif to þe plesaunche of hym and comfort of us and all your oþer Welvillers Long for to lede. Writen at London &c.

No. 12.

Letter from the Earl of Salisbury and of Perche to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London announcing the success of the war in France. Dated 5 Sept. [1428]

Letter Book K, fo. 55b.

Right trusty & entierly welbeloved frendes we grete you hertely wel And for asmuche as we trust fully that ye desire to here of þe good tydinges of þat which vureth wel to oure sovereing lord in the conquest of his enemys here in þis lande We do yow to witte þat þe vure & spede seth our last comyng in to þis lande hath be so good that I am ever behold to þanke god besechyng hym to continue hit for his mercye and after þe Wynnying of many diverse tounes castelles & Forteresses we laied siege afor þis toune of Yenville and after diversez aprochemenes made þerto as was on sonneday sevenyght which was the xxix day of August we gate þe said toune of Yenville be þe most notable assault þat evere we sawe. And sethen þe castell was yolden un to oure grace and many oþer tounes castelles & stronge chirches god hath sent hem in to þobbeissaunce of oure sovereing lord blessed most god be somme yolden to oure grace somme to our wil somme wonne be assault & somme oþer wyse þe nombre of whiche is more þan xl And so þanked be god þer comyth in dayly places to þobbeissaunce to þe Recovering of which we þenke to do all diligence as we behold with out sparyng of labour or pein. And for our gret & singler comfort We pray you oft tymes to signifie us be wryting of youre Welfare. And þat we may fynd your faveur and Frendship in alle þinges þat we have or shal have to don in oure absence and so to continue your good frendship like as hit liked yow to do what tyme we were þer present. For which we thanke yow and hold us muche behold to do for yow what we can or may to which we wol ever be redy with al our power. And þe holie trinite have yow always in his blessed keping. Writen at Yenvile the v day of Septembre.

Item we do you to wite that seth the wryting of þis we have had tydinges frome our brother Sire Richard Haukeford whome we had sent to Ride afore þe toune and castel of Meun sur leyre[845] þat blessed be god he hath do so good diligence that he hath goten þe sayd toune castel & peuple yolden to þobbeissaunce of oure soverein lord Which toune & castell ben ryght notable & hugely fourneshed of peuple and vitaile yuoughe blessed be god for alle þe kyngis puissaunce here a good while. And to þe sayd toune is a faire brigge overe þe gret River of leyre which ys bot v leges oute of þe cite of Orliens.

[A schedule of 38 towns follows]

No. 13.

Reply to the above. Dated 12 Oct. [1428]

Letter Book K, fo. 55b.

Right worshipful & ryght mighti lord we recomaunde us to your gret lordsship & noble grace in as humble maner as we can or ought Thankyng it fro þe deppest of our hertis of þe gentill lettres writene at Yenvile þe v day of Septembre last þt ye liked to sende us be your herauld.... Which lettres after the resceit of hem whith dhue reverence And after þat thei were publisshed and redde to fore þe Commens of þis Cite putte us all in singler comfort & Joye because of þe fervent & special desir we hadde afore to here comfortable tidynges of your good spede and welfare. And mekely we þanke our lord of heven for þe gret & greüx oevre þat it liked hym to sende you of his mercy so sone after youre First comyng at þis tyme in to þo parties as your seid lettres make noble mencioun Beseching hym of his infinit pite continue & encrese it to his plesaunce. Right worshipful & ryght mighty lord of þat þt it liketh youre high lordship so favorably to wryte & desire in yor seyd lettres to here & know of oure welfare & offre us your good lordship in tyme comyng plese it yow to wite þat þe sayd Cite is in gret pees tranquillite & good accorde and we þat are þe simple governors þerof in good hele & disposicõn of our personnes blessed be god. And be cause we perceyve wel þat þis desire & ofre procedeth of your gret gentilesse & good grace & not of our merit ne desert so þt it excedeth incomparablich our puissaunce to recompense it be thankinges or ought elles. Therefore we pray to god þat is almyghti to acquite & guerdone it in stede of us. But we & suche service as we can do þough it be simple or mene of value shal ever be Dressed & apparailled to your plaisirs. Whiles we lyve God knoweth which of his endles grace kepe & preserve your noble lordship in alle þe actes of knyghthode to Hys plesaunche. Wrytten at London þe xii day of Octobre.

No. 14.

Letter from King Henry VI to the City asking for a loan of 10,000 marks. Dated Rouen, 10 Nov. [1430].

Letter Book K, fo. 84.

Trusty and welbeloved we grete yow wel and signiffie un to yow þat amonge alle þevident tokens of trewe affeccioun and of kyndenesse þat our sugettes of oure Royme of England hav shewed and shewen un to us for þavantyng forward of oure present voiage þe tender love and kynde acquitail of oure goode and trew cite of London bothe un to our progenitours of noble memoire in like cas, and al so un to us is noght owt of our remebrance but writen and wel emprinted þeryn for þe which we have and purpos to have our said citee as þe principalle and most notable of our said Royme and yow as our kynde and trewe suggettes þe moore specialy recommended and can yow singuler thank and as owre entencioun is to shew yow perseverance of goode lordship semblably we trust þat on yowre part ye wol put yow in yowre trewe dewire and kynde acquitaille un to us att alle tymes and namely at our nede as ye have wel done al weyes hedir toward and soþe hit is þat be cause of many costlew charges long to declare our necessitee is at þis tyme suche þat on lesse þan it be in short tyme releved suche inconveniences þat god defende been noght unlike to falle boþe til us and oures, as shuld be right displesant til alle oure trewe suggettes and to yow in special whom we wold entierly desirous of our welfare. Wherfore siþ we have founden yow redy and welwilling to chevese us of good at alle tymes ar þis, þat nede hape required, and oure necessitee is suche at þis tyme as was never gretter. We pray yow hertely and also right entierly, as ye desiere þe seurte of oure personne and þe wel and worship of boþe oure Roymes þat continuing un to us þe kynde tendirnesse in oure absence þat ye shewed un to us in oure presence ye wol at þis tyme make un to us a prest of xml marc repaiable at suche tyme and of seure repaiment as may bee accorded be twix our counsaille þer and yew of which chevance we trust ye wol not faille us consideryng þat þe said some may do us more ese and service in our present necessite þan perventure shuld þe double and muche more an oþer tyme whan þat whan þat [_sic_] our nede war lasse. To þe whiche loone we trust þat our personel beyng here among our enemyes in þis our tendir age shal muche þe more meve yow for to take yow nigh to serve oure desire. Wyting for certain and withouten dowte þat in perfourming at þis tyme of our prayer ye may do un to us soo notable and þanklewe service þat we wol wel considre hit in tyme comyng and be þe more enclined to shewe you favorable and good lordship. Wyting also þat we wold noght desire of yow þis charge as nowe be cause of þe charges þat ye have borne un to us ar þis, ner urgent and verray necessite required us þer to and our lord have yow in his kepyng. Yeven under our signet at our toun of Rouen þe x day of Novembre.

No. 15.

Letter from Cardinal Beaufort to Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen of the City informing them of his intention of returning to England. Dated Ghent, 13 April [1432].

Letter Book K, fo. 105.

My ryght trusty and with al myn herte entierly welbeloved frendis I grete yow wel as hertily as I can. Desiring evermore to knowe of the welfare and prosperite of yowe alle and of ech of yow and of al þe good commune of þe noble citee of þe which ye bee for my singuler joye and gladnesse. Biseching oure blessed lord evermor to give yow as good welfare as ye can desire and as I wold for my self. And wol ye wite þat nought wiþstanding divers adversitees þat I soeffre ayeinst Reson and gentilesse I hadde pourposed me to have goon to þe court of Rome to doo þe duetee þat loongeþ to myn astat trustyng always þat þe moost xren prince my souverain lord of whos disposicioun I ne have noo doubte and also his wise counsail of his Royaume in engeland wel advised wolde have doon me Right and favour also al þing considered aswel in myn absence as yn my presence. Nevertheless as in to þis tyme I feele right littel or noon as me þenkeþ And þerfore nought wiþstanding þat oure holyfader haþ sent un to me for to come to hym in haste I wol leeve al þing for a tyme and retourne agein into engeland and bee þer yif god wol a boute þe bigynnyng of þis parlement to knowe þe causes why I am þus straungely demeened and declare my self as a man þat have nought deserved soo to be treted. Mi right trusty and wiþ al myn herte entierly welbeloved frendis I þanke yow wiþ al þentierness of my herte of youre good love favour and will wich I have ever founden in yow paying you of youre good continuance and douteth not ye schull þerinne doo to god plesance for he is al trouþe to þe Kyng my soverain lord noo trespas nor offence but to hym comen to more age which with goddis mercy shal in haste growe singuler plesir, and to your self worshipp. My right trusti and wiþ al myn herte entierly welbeloved frendis yef I can or may goodly eny thing doo to your ese ye certiffie me þerof as to hym þat to my trewe pouer wol faithfully parfourme hit right gladdly and wiþ al myn herte þat knoweþ our blessed lord whom I hertily beseche to have yow evermor in his gracioux proteccioun and keping. Written att þe good town of Gaunt þe xiiie day of Averil.

No. 16.

Letter from the Mayor and Aldermen of Calais to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London asking for assistance. Dated 27 June [1436].

Letter Book K, fo. 148.

Ful worshipfull wise & discrete sires we recommaunde us un to you in as goodli wise as caan be þought and in as mochell as we fynde of olde governaunce of þis toun that oure predecessours hadde in cours to wryte to your worshipfull estate to be mene and movers toward þe kyng our souveraigne lord and þe gracious lordes of is counseill for þe relevying & sustentacioun of þis said toun the yeveth us occasioun to wryte to yow attys tyme. Of which it were to longe to wryte the particuler circumstaunces of þe mischiefs and disese þat is suffred here to our unportable distresse and hevynesse. With more þt we sende to yow at this time how þarmynakz[846] þt been in Rewe prese fast and have prayhed a boute Samme de boys[847] and takyn mony prisouners and brent þe toun of Staples. And as it is said of presumpcioun þey purpose & avaunte to override þe lordshipes heere of Guysnes & oþer and to renne heere a fore þis toun. So ferforth þat þe pore tenauntz forsake þe land & drawe þeim in to þe said toun & castelx and leve þe villages desolate the which yef þei were destruyed that god defende were pryved of our sustenaunce of levying and conforte & þe people anyentysed for evyr prayeng & besechyng you as ye þt be þe principall of all þe citees of þe Roiaulme of Engelond that it like to yor trew affeccioun that ye have & owe to have to þe said toun to contynue & exercise þe commendable promocioun as your said worthy predecessours hadden in use for þe salvacioun of þe said toun. As ye þat were trust singulerly in and as a principall membre oweth to do & ministre to is parties atte reverence of god whom we be sech preserve you ever & graunt yow parfite conclusyoun of yor desires with good lyf and long. Wrytene at Cales þe xxvij day of Juyn.

No. 17.

Letter from Henry VI to the Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriffs of London touching the prevention of disturbance within the City. Dated Lichfield, 3 Sept., 35 Hen. VI [1456].

Letter Book K, fo. 287.

By the king.

Right trusty and trusty and welbeloved we doubt not but that it is in yor remembraunce what inconvenience have late fallen and more were likly to have falle if it had not myghtly have be resisted not oonly by suche as with multitude of people otherwise then that their power & degree wold have entred oure chambre and citee of London by what meanes it is not unknowen unto you, but also by thinsolence of evil disposed and mysgoverned people of our saide citee whereof as nowe ye have þe governaunce the which thing hath be to the breche of our peas and grete trouble of our people and whereof we have had cause to be gretely displeased. And we willyng to eschew all suche inconveniences from hensforward will and charge you straitely that considered that our saide citee is called and named oure chambre and so we holde it wherein shuld be rest and peas and the whiche ought to be of goode governaunce to ensample of all this oure Reaume that from hensforthward ye ne suffre any persone or persones of what estate degree or condicioun that he or they be of at any tyme to entre into oure saide cite and chambre but peasiblie and with moderate nombre of people according to his and their estate and degree. And also þat not onely aftre their entree into our saide citee and chambre ye have suche awaite & and [_sic._] attendaunce that they ne make any assemblees nor gadringes of any suche evil disposed people as is abovesaide but also þat ye have suche awaite & attendaunce to oure saide citee and chambre þat by the people beyng in or resorting to or saide citee no gadringes nor assemblees be made the which in any wise may sowne or shuld be to þe breche of or peas or trouble of our people. And if any suche hap to be as god defend þat ye lette it as ye wol answere unto us at your perill. And furþermore we wolle and charge you on þe feith and ligeance that ye owe unto us þat ye kepe or saide citee in due obeisaunce unto us as ye ought to doo. And not to suffre any such multitude of people entre into our saide citee neiþer to be in þe same but as ye may be at alle tymes of power to suppresse them and to be governours for us of þe same as reason wille ye shuld. Yeven under our privee seal at Lychefeld the iij daye of Septembre the yeer of or regne xxxvth [1456].

No. 18.

Letter from King Henry VI to the City ordering the seizure of foreign ships of war in the Thames. Dated Coventry, 10 March [1456-7].

Letter Book K, fo. 288b.

By the king.

Trusty and welbeloved We be enfourmed by a full grevous and a lamentable complainte made unto us and our counseill by marchantz estraungiers of Italie beyng heere within þis that where as they nowe late by vertue of our lettres patentz have shipped certeyn wolles wollencloth and other marchandises in diverse shippes of Zeland and paied truely alle duetees belongyng unto us And upon that have their Cokettes[848], there have certeyn shippes of werre aswell of Caleis as of Sandewiche encountred the said shippes of Seland within the Themyse at Tilbery or there nigh. And in maner of werre assaulted them and doo their werst to take and despoile them the whiche demeanyng is full gretely ayenst our honeur and worship in especial sith the saide marchantes been heere undre our sauf conduit and ligue. It is so also an example to discorage every marchaunt, and thereof must ensue not onely grete disclaundre to this our land but also the subversion of thentrecourse of marchandise. Wherin resteth gretly the welefare of our subgettes, With the whiche horrible dede, we be right gretely displeased as we have cause so to be. And will in no wise suffre that it passe over unpunysshed, And forasmuche at this straunge demeanyng is commytted and doon undre the boundes of yor franchises and in suche place where ye have jurisdiccõn and power by suche franchises as ourre noble progenitours and we have graunted unto you as it is doon us to understande. It is yor parte to resiste correct and reforme the said wronges wherefore we by thavise of or grete Counseil woll that callying to yor remembraunce our lawes made in þt behalve and in especial the statue made by our noble progenitor King Edward the third in the ixth yeer of his regne and oþer statutes made in þat behalve ye immediatly aftre pereceivyng of thees our lettres sette remedye in þe matier abovesaid. And þat ye take þe said shippes of Werre and malefactours and commytte theym to prisoun there straitely to be kept and to have as they have deserved, And provide that þe said shippes of Seland and marchandise be at their full fredome, and restored to their goodes if any be take fro them. Letyng you wite for certeyn if ye be remysse or necligent in þe punisshing of þis mysgovernaunce and executyng this our comaundement, as we thinke ye have be in oþere afore this, ye shall renne into þe peyne provided by our lawes aswele in yor franchise as oþerwise. Wherto we shall entende withoute any grace to be shewed to you. And if so bee ye doo effectuelly yor devoir in this matier þat sitteth us right nigh to hert we shal thanke you. And lete you have knowliche þat ye have doon us singler pleasir. Yeven undre or privee seal at our citee of Coventre the x daie of Marche.

No. 19.

The same to the same touching the peace of the City. Dated Kenilworth, 22 March [1456-7].

_Id., ibid._

By þe king.

Trusty and welbeloved we grete you wele and late you wite that certeyn of yor breþeren aldermen of our cite of London hath shewed unto us by þe declaracõn of your Recorder of þe good diligence that ye entended to have put you in to þe performyng of our commandement yeoven unto you by our lettres of prive seal in case our said lettres had come unto you in convenable tyme as for tharrest and attachement to have be made of certeyn shippes and persones þat late in our Ryver of Thamyse made gret attemptatz ageynst our ligue and sauf conduct of þe which yor goode disposicioun and benivolence we hold us wele content and can you þerfore right goode thankes charging you that if it hapne any of þe said shippes or mysdoers to repaire herafter unto or saide citee or unto þe franchise þerof that thenne ye doo put them undre arrest and to be kept in sure warde abiding the determinacon of our lawes the which we wol in all wise be executed. And over this we charge you in yor effectuel devoir to see that our peas be kept at alle tymes within our saide citee And if any misgoverned persone of what estate or condicioun so ever he be make any stiring riot or attempt any thing to þe breche of or paix within oure saide citee and franchise of þe same þat thenne ye doo yor peyne to suppresse them and to put hem in warde and so þat they be duely punisshed according to their demerites. In which thing doyng ye shal mynistre unto us cause of grete plaisir and deserve of us þerfore right good and especial thanke in tyme to come. Yeven under our signet at or Castell of Kenelleworth the xxij daye of Marche.

No. 20.

Letter from the City to Henry VI, touching the capture of Sandwich by the French. Dated 3 Sept. [1457].

Letter Book K, fo. 292.

Of al erthely princes our moste high moste redoubted sovereyn lord and moste Christian kyng. We youre symple officers and feithfull humble lieges Mair and Aldermen of yor true citee and chambre of London recomande us unto yor most souvereyn excellence & noble grace in als humble and lowly wise as we moste hertly canne ymagine and devise humblely beseching yor moste noble grace to be enformed of þe full piteuous and lamentable tidings þat late have comen unto or knowliche bothe by writing in certeyn and credible reaporte made to us touching thynfortunate entrepruise late hadde upon yor towne of Sandewiche by yor enemyes and adversaires of France and Bretaigne whiche in a grete armee and with grete noumbre of shippes on Sondaie last passed aboute vj of the clok in þe mornyng arrived to lande at yr saide towne of Sandewiche. And there after diverse scarmysshes gate and entred þe towne and it have dispoiled and pilled unto thuttermoste they have also full cruelly slayne diverse and many of your people and taken prisoners þe moste parte of the þrifty men of þe same towne and also have taken & ladde awaie þe shippes in the haven þere aboute þe nombre of xxxij grete and smale diverse of theym charged with wolles and oþere marchandises of no litle estymacõn and value to þe grete hurt of all this your reaume, and suche othir shippes as they myght not with them wele convey from thens have broken fired and brent and many oþere grete and outrageous violences have there commytted and doon þat pitee is to hire like as in þe copies of ij lettres entre-closed within thise is made expresse mencõn. And thise doon yor saide enemeys with their vessels pillaige and prisoners withdrowe them unto the Downes where they dailie encrecen in gretter nombre both of people and vessels entending not as it is seide therby to ceasse of their cruell and malicious purpose but utterly to destroye þe navire of this yor land as it sheweth in open experience by that they have late also attempted and doon at yor towne and porte of Fowey and oþere places. And then to take an entrepruise upon this yor royalme þe whiche if it ne were þe sonner myghtly lette and manly withstonde by yor saide highnesse and myghti power myght of liklihode growe unto þe grete jeoparde of your saide reaume as god defende. In eschewing of whiche daungerous myschiefz and grete perils we yor said humble lieges wiþ grete & undelayed diligence have had rype comynycacõn with þe grete partie of yor comons of yor saide citee whom to þe pleasir of god and of you sovereyn lord and to þe defence and saufgarde of this yor reaume we fynde to their power full wele-willed and towardly disposed to take upon them the charge in hasty wise to vitaille manne and setteforthe diverse shippes heer beyng in yor ryver of Thamyse with þe nombre of mt mt persones or neer thereby they to be redy to attende & assist such armee and power as shall like yor highnesse by thavise of yor Counsell to provide and ordeyne to þe resistence recountre and rebuke of yor saide enemyes by goddis mercy. So þat it may like yor moste high and noble grace to comaunde them so to doo. And þeruppon to yeove them sufficient auchorite undre yor grete seal. And to open and declare þe premisses unto your saide higenesse more at large. We send towardes þe same at this tyme or broþer Thomas Cook, alderman pleynly instruct of or entent in this behalve. To whom in moste humble wise we besiche yor said highnesse to give full feith & credence in the premisses Moste high moste redoubted sovereyn lorde and most Christian kyng we devoutly besiche þe kyng of all kynges whos reaume shall endelesly last and endure your blessed soule and noble body from either of þeir enemyes evermore to protect kepe and defende þat ye mowe in þis world upon us and alle yor oþer lieges wiþ reporte of worldly joye and victorie long tyme regne & endure to þe singuler conforte of us all. Written at yor saide citee of London þe third daie of Septembre.

No. 21.

Reply to the above. Dated Northampton, 5 Sept [1457].

_Id. Ibid._

Trusty and welbeloved we grete you oftentymes wele. And lete you wite þat this same daie or welbeloved Thomas Cook oon of your brethren hath in yor behalve presented yor lettres and also declared full notablie yor credence unto us by the which we have understande the fervent desire and true ligeaunce þat ye tendirly and humbly here unto or royal estate, the whiche hath gretely renoveled and recomforted us Whereof aswele as of the notable aide that ye have graunted at this tyme unto us in right notable nombre of men of werre shippes and all other necessaires expedient for theym to þe repressing and rebuke of thoultrageous malice of oure enemyes of Fraunce now travarssing the narwe Se as it is saide we thanke you with as goode wille and hert as we can trusting for undoubted and also praying you þat considering þis Somer season passeth fast ye wille in all possible haste prepare and advaunce yor saide exploit for the whiche we have comaunded Chauncellor of Englond to yeove you auctorite so to doo undre oure grete seal. And have written to or port of Hull and oþere to drawe them and their ships towardes þe Se in their moste defensible and warrely araye and to ioigne and accompaignie theyme with you under the leding and guiding of god and of suche lordes and capitaignes proved in þe werre as we have full hope shall be to the grete renõmee of us and seurtee of you and alle our true subgettes and to thutter confusioun and reproche of or auncien enemy adverse of Fraunce. Yeoven undre oure Signet at our towne of Northampton the v daye of Septembre.

No. 22.

A letter similar to No. 20 (_supra_) was sent to Bishop Waynfleete the Chancellor, to which was made the following reply. Dated Waltham, 5 Sept. [1457].

Letter Book K, fo. 292b.

Right Worshipfull and right entierly welbeloved sirres I recommende me unto you in þe moste herty wise. Puttyng you in knowliche þat I have receved yor lettres direct unto me by Roger Tonge yor comon clerc in þe whiche I have understande not onely yor grete trouth to þe king our aller sovereigne lord and to this his Reaume but also I see and cleerly understand yor worshipfull coraige special love tendernesse and affeccõn þat ye bere to his highnesse and to þe defence prosperite and wele of this his Land to my special reioysing and conforte for þe whiche I thank you all as entierly as it is possible to me so to doo. I am certeyn that þe kinges highnesse will yeove you a grete Laude & speciall thankinges & alle the land hath cause to do þe same. Your worshipfull Demeanyng in this case and in this tyme of so straite necessite shall be an example to all þe land aftre I besiche you right hertly to contynue yor saide goode & worshipfull entent to yor perpetuell laude & worship hereaftre. In suche tyme as I shall come next to þe kinges high presence & to thassemblyng of þe lordes of his land I shall not forgete but I shall remembre open and declare yor worshipfull demenyng at this tyme. And where as I have ever be wele willyng to þe wele of þe cite afore this tyme by occasioun of this yor so thankfull demeanyng ye shall have me. Doutelese ever heraftre more redy & right glade to doo suche thinges as may be to þe welefare honer and prosperite of þe same. And how be it þat this may be thought a burthyn and a charge for þe season I doute not but þe goodenesse of almyghty god shal encrece you þe more for this so meritory a werk in tuicioun & defence of þe land and in eschewing of inconveniences happely muche gretter than as yet ben knowen. Furthermore I pray you to yeve feith & credence to suche thinges as þe said Roger shall open unto you in my behalf. And þe Holiegoste have you alwey in his guydyng. Written at Waltham þe vth day of Septembre.

No. 23.

Letter from the Earl of Kendal, Lord Scales & others in the Tower to the Mayor asking why war was being made upon them. No date [_circ._ July 1460].

Journal 6, fo. 250b.

Sirs it is yor saying that ye be the kinges trew liegemen and soo be we wherfore we wul desire of you to wite the cause why ye make us werre. And that we may understande how ye may joyne your sayinges and youre dedes togiders, And also what shuld bee the cause that ye take prisouners and we shuld nat defende us ayenst you and of this abovesaid we pray of you an answer for we cast us no more to accomber you wt oure writing, &c.

No. 24.

Reply to the above. No date.

_Id. ibid._

Like it your lordshipps to understande and with for certain that according to oure sayn ... we have ever bee, nowe we bee, and ever will bee the kinges treu subgettes and hum ... liegemen. And where ye by youre bill desire of us to wite þe cause why we mak ... you werre, &c. Therto we answer and seye that ye and your ffelesship have began and made no werre by diverse assault shetyng of gonnez and otherwise by the which the kinges treu liege people aswell the inhabitauntz of this citee men women and children as oþer have be murdred slayn maemed and myscheved in sundry wise. And soo that þat hath be doon by us is onely of youre occasioun in oure defence. And suche as we take for prisouners been for the attemptatz occasiouns and assaultz by theym doon as aforesaid in breche of the kinges peas, and for dispoillyng of the kinges treu people of their vitaillz and goodes without due contentacõn or paiement hadde in that behalve contrary to good equite and all lawe, &c.

No. 25.

Agreement touching the surrender of the Tower by the besieged Lords. Dated 16 July 38 Hen. VI. [1460].

_Id._ fo. 256.

Be it remembred that we William Hulyn maire of the citee of London and the aldermen and þe comunes of the same agree us by thise presentz to holde ferme and stable and to performe in every pointe in that that in us shall bee alle suche appoyntementz touchyng the gyvyng over of the Toure of London by therle of Kendale the lord Scales, the lord Lovell, the lord Hungerford and Sir Edmond Hampden and oþer nowe beyng wtin the same tour, and the receyving of the tour aforesaid by the erle of Salisbury to the kinges use as be made by the same erle or his deputees on that one partie, and the said erl of Kendale lord Scales, lord Lovell, lord Hungerford and Sir Edmond Hampden and oþer or that othre partie. In witnesse wherof to thise same presentz we have put our comon seal writen at London aforesaid the xvj day of July the xxxviijth yeer of the reign of King Henry the vjte [1460].

No. 26.

Minutes of proceedings of the Common Council upon the return of the Earl of Warwick to England and the flight of King Edward IV. Oct., 1470.

Journal 7, fos. 223b-224.

Translation.

Be it remembered that on the 1st day of October it was noised abroad throughout the city that Edward the Fourth King of England had fled, for which cause the Queen Elizabeth who had fortified the Tower of London quitted the same Tower and fled to the sanctuary at Westminster and sent the Abbot of Westminster to Richard Lee the Mayor and the Aldermen to inform them on the Queen's behalf that the men of Kent and many others from divers parts of England in great numbers were purposing to enter the city and lay siege to the said Tower and the men at arms whom the said Queen had left behind in the same Tower; that the same Queen desired that the said Tower should be delivered into the hands of the Mayor and Aldermen because the said Queen was afraid, it was said, that unless the said Tower was so surrendered the said Kentishmen and others would invade the said sanctuary of Westminster to despoil and kill the said Queen. And be it remembered that the said Tower was on the Wednesday next following delivered into the hands of the Mayor and Aldermen and of Geoffrey Gate, knight & others of the council of the lords Clarence and Warwick on condition that all who were then within the said Tower should remain safe & secure with their goods and be conducted in the city of London either to the Sanctuary at Westminster or Saint Martin according as they might wish. And be it remembered that the lord Henry the Sixth who on the said Wednesday and for many years past had been confined in a certain cell (_in quodam Argastulo_) within the said Tower, was conducted by the said mayor and Aldermen to a certain chamber adorned with handsome furniture which the said Queen Elizabeth had fitted up and in which, being _enceinte_, she purposed being brought to bed. And be it remembered that the aforesaid Mayor and Aldermen for the safe custody of the said Tower and the said lord the King Henry the Sixth then living in the same placed in the said Tower the persons underwritten, namely

[Here follows a list of names.]

And each of the said Commoners had with him in the same Tower 2 men at arms to wait upon him.

And be it remembered that all the foregoing was executed by authority of the common council assembled in the church of Saint Stephen in Walbrok.

Also be it remembered that on the 5th day of October the Archbishop of York entered the Tower of London with a large band of men at arms and took command of the said Tower and relieved the said Aldermen and Commoners of the custody of the same And be it remembered that on Saturday the 6th day of October George Duke of Clarence and Richard Earl of Warwick entered the City by Newgate about the third hour after noon with a large army and rode through _le Chepe_ to the said Tower of London and took away the lord the King Henry the Sixth and brought him the same day before nightfall to the Bishop of London's palace.

Be it remembered that as soon as it was notified that Edward the Fourth had fled the Mayor and Sheriffs every day to wit for 10 days rode about the City with armed men both before nine and after nine; the following men being sent by the masters and wardens of the misteries to the Guildhall every morning to attend upon the said Mayor and Sheriffs.

[Here follows a schedule of the number of men sent by each mistery.]

No. 27.

Letter from Thomas Faucomberge, captain of Kent, to the City of London. Dated "Sydyngbourne," 8 May [1471].

Letter Book L, fo. 78.

To the worshipfull my feithfull trusty and welbeloved frendes the Comminaltie of the Citee of London youre feithfull trewe lover Thomas Faucomberge Capteyn and leder of oure liege lorde king Henrys people in Kent at this tyme sendith hertly recommendacioun lettyng witte that I am enfourmed howe the partie of the usurper of our saide liege lordes Crownne hath made you to understande that I with the kynges people shulde purpose to robbe ryfell and despoile the Citee of London if I came therein. Wherefore they exorted you to make us werre and kepe us oute of the Citee. Certaynly frendes god knoueth whome I calle to recorde. It was never myn entent ne purpose and therfore I beseeche you to give no credence to theire false suggestioun and surmyse. But trusty frendis sethen it is soo that I have taken upon me with the helpe of Almyghty god and the true comons to revenge his quarell ayenst the saide usurper and his adherentis and to sike hym in whate parties he be within the Reaume of Enland to abrigge the peynfull labour and to shorte the wey of the kinges people hertly sette and disposed ayenst the saide usurper desire and praye you courteisly to passe through the Citee in oure wey. And we shall neiþer take vitaille ne ware withouten payment be ye therof certayne. And that I promytte you on myn honour for he is not within the kyngis hoste in my company that breketh the kyngis crye but he shal have execucioun accordyng to his offences. No more unto you at this tyme saffe we have desired of the Maire and Aldermen to have an answere hereof by Fryday ix of the clokke at the blak ethe. And Almyghty Jesus have you and the goode Citee in his blessed garde. Writene at Sydyngbourne hastely the viijth day of Maij.

No. 28.

Reply to the above. Dated 9 May [1471].

_Id. ibid._

Worshipfull sir we receyved your lettres writen at Sydyngborn the viijth day of the present month of Maij by the whiche we understande that it is comyn unto youre knoulege that if ye and youre ffeleaship wt the which ye be accompanyed shulde come unto the Citee of London like as ye write ye entende to doo that thanne ye wolde rifell and dispoile the saide citee ye desire us by the saide lettre that we shulde yeve no credence to noon suche surmyse seiyng and takyng recorde of god that ye never entended so to doo. Prayng us to suffre you and youre saide ffeleaship to passe through the saide Citee of London uppon youre journey to perfourme and execute suche thinges as in your saide lettres ben more largely expressed. Sir we lette you witte that whanne the kgng kyng Edward þe fourth oure soveraigne lord after his grete victorye hadde uppon Ester day last passed beside Barnet daparted oute of the saide Citee of London. He charged and commaunded us upon oure aligeaunce that we shulde kepe the same saffely and suerly to his beof and use not suffryng any persone what degree or condicioun or estate whereof gaderyng or makyng assembles of any people contrary to his lawes wt oute auctorite of his high commaundement to entre therin ffor the whiche cause and many oþer we ne darre may ne wille suffree you to passe through the same Citee, lettyng you witte for certayne that we understand that if ye and youre saide feleaship shulde come and entre in to the same that youre saide feleaship wolde beof like condicioun as other of like disposicioun have bene in tyme passed as by sondry precedentis it appereth unto us right largely. And it shulde not lye in youre power to lette your saide feleaship frome dispoilage and robery. Wherefore we advertise you for that love and service that we afore tyme have ought unto that noble knyght youre ffader[849] and oure goode lorde whose steppes we wolde that ye shulde folowe and for verrey favour that we have born and bere unto you for the goode disposicioun and vertue that in tyme passed we have knouen to be in you that ye spare and absteyne you self from suche unlawfull gaderyng & asumbleng of people the whiche if ye soo doo we doubte not but it shal not onely be unto you grete honour and worship but also to youre prevaile and cause the kyng the rather to be youre goode and graciouse lorde. Moreover Sir we have receyved a proclamacioun sent from you in the whiche amonge oþer articles we understand that ye by the commaundement of Henry late kyng of this Reaume Margarete late quene and Edward late called Prynce by thavise of the Erle of Warwyk whom ye suppose to be alyve[850] as we ben enfourmed and oþer ye be ordeigned Captayne of the Navye of Englond and men of warre both by þe See and by lande. Right worshipfull Sir we mervaile gretely that ye beyng a man of soo grete wisdame and discrecioun shulde be disceyved by simple seynges and fayned tales we certifie you upon oure worshippes and trouthes that bothe the saide Edward late called Prynce and therle of Warrewyk ben slayne and dede for we knoue for certayne not onely by the reaporte of men of grete credence bothe of this citee and by other which were wt the saide Erle of Warrewyk in the felde whanne he and his brother Marqueys Montagu were slayne but also by open lying of theire bodyes in the chirche of Poules by the space of ij dayes whiche many of us didde see and understand for certayne to be the bodies of the saide Erle of Warrewyk and Marqueys Also Sir the saide Edward late called Prince Therle of Devynshire lord John of Somerset lord Wenlok Sir Edmund Hampden Sir Robert Whityngham, Sir John Lewkenore, John Delves wt other moo were sleyne upon Saturday last passed at Tewkesbury. And the Duke of Somerset lord of Seint Johannys Sir Gerveys of Clifton Sir Thomas Tresham wt oþer moo to the noumbre of xij persones ben taken and ben beheded on Monday last passed as we ben veryly enfourmed at Tewkesbury aforsaide where god yaffe the kyng oure saide soverayn lord the victory as we certeynly understande not onely by lettres signed with oure saide soveraigne lordys owne hande whereof we sende yow a copye herein enclosed and by writynges senden from lordes and gentilles there beyng present unto divers and many persones beyng wtin in the saide Citee of London but also by the reaporte of many credible persones and men of worship and by oþer servauntes of the same Citee. Whereof some were sent unto the hooste of oure saide soveraigne lord the king and some unto the hooste of the saide Edward late called Prynce to see and understand the disposicioun of bothe þe saide hoostes and to make reaporte unto us accordyng to the trouth whiche faiethfully have made reaporte unto us of the disposicioun and gugdyng of bothe the saide hoostis and howe and in what manere and fourme the saide Edward late called Prynce and oþer were taken and slayne. Wherefore we fryndely exorte you and stire you not onely to absteyne youre silf from suche unlawfull gaderynges and assembles of people and gevyng feith and credence to any symple feyned and forged tales contrary to trouth as it is rehersed, but also to take accepte and obey the kyng, kyng Edward the iiijth for your soveraigne lord the grete victories aforerehersed which god hath gevyn hym by his myghty power considered like all the lordes spirituell and temporell of this lande and we also have agreed for to doo. And ye soo doyng shal cause the kyng rather to be youre goode lorde and therby ye shal eschewe grete ieobardies parelles and inconveniences that myght enshewe of the contrary. And also ye shal not onely have oure good willes and benevolences in all thinges that hereafter ye shall have to doo wt us but also we shall be meane to the kynges highnesse trustyng that by oure praier he shalbe unto you the rather goode and graciouse lord lettyng you witte for certayne that ye nor youre hooste shal not come within the said Citee. Writen at London in the yeldehall the ix day of Maij.

No. 29.

Account of the invasion of the City by the Kentish rebels on Sunday the 12th May 1471.

Journal 8, fo. 7.

Translation.

Be it remembered that the Mayor and Aldermen with the assent of the Common Council fortified the banks of the river Thames from Castle Baynard as far as the Tower of London with men at arms, bombards, and other implements of war to prevent an attack by the seamen who had brought a large fleet of ships near the Tower, and the said bank was held by the Aldermen and the rest of the citizens in great numbers. Be it remembered also that on Sunday viz: the 12th day of May in the eleventh year of Edward IV, [1471] Kentish seamen and others, rebels of the lord the king made an attack upon London bridge and on the new gate there and set fire to divers houses called _berehouses_ near the hospital of Saint Katherine; and afterwards on the 14th day of May being Tuesday the eleventh year aforesaid about eleven o'clock in the morning of the said Tuesday the said Kentish seamen and other rebels made an attack with great force and set fire to 13 tenements upon London bridge. The said Kentish seamen and others to the number of 5000 persons also made an attack from the Thames upon the gates of Aldgate and Bishopsgate and set fire to divers tenements. The citizens, however, sallied out of the gates and made a stout resistance and put them to flight, and nearly 300 men fell in battle and in flight besides those who were drowned in endeavouring to get on board their ships at Blakewall &c. And afterwards viz.: on the eve of the Ascension the aforesaid eleventh year our said lord King came with a great multitude of armed men to the city of London and there to the honour of the same city created knights John Stokton the Mayor, Richard Lee, Matthew Philip, Ralph Verney, John Yong, William Tailor, aldermen, Thomas Urswyk the Recorder, George Irlond, William Hampton, Bartholomew James, Thomas Stalbrok and William Stokker, aldermen. And the same lord the King conferred upon them knights' badges.

No. 30.

Letter from King Henry VII to the City announcing the betrothal of his daughter the Princess Mary to Prince Charles of Castile. Dated Richmond, 28 Dec. [1507].

Letter Book M, fo. 138.

By the king

Trusty and welbeloved we grete you well. And forasmoche as wee doubt not but yt is and shalbe to you and to all other our true subiectes right joyfull and confortable to here and understande from tyme to tyme specially of suche causes and matiers as redounde to the grete honour exaltacioun universall weal suertie and restfulnes of us this our realme and our subiectes of the same we signifie unto you that by or grete labour studie and police thys grete and honourable aliaunce and mariage betwixt the prince of Castile and or right dere doughter the lady Marie ys nowe or lorde bethanked betwixt or ambassadours and the oratours aswell of or brother and cousyn the king of Romans as of the seid yonge prince at or towne of Calays accorded aggreed concluded and finally determyned wt a grete ample and large amitie and consideracioun to the suertie strenght defence and comfort aswell of us and of the seid prince as of either of our realmes contrayes dominions and subiectes and considering the noble lynage and blode whereof the seid yong prince ys descended whiche ys of the grettest kinges and princes in Cristendome remembring also the regions landes and contrays by rightfull enheritaunce he shall succede with the manyfolde commodities and goodenes that may folowe and ensue to us and this or realme aswell by the seid aliaunce and amitie as also by the free and sure entercourse of merchaundise that our and hys subiectees may and shall have in the regions and contrayes of us bothe specially being soo nye joyned togeder as they be we thinke verraly that thought the same shalbe right chargeable yet for the honor suertie weale and profite of this or seid reame noon so noble mariage can any where be founde. So that by meane therof and thother aliaunce whiche we have wt or good son the King of Scottes[851] this or reame ys nowe environd and in maner closed on every side wt suche myghti princes or good sonnes frendes confiderates and alies that by the helpe of or lorde the same ys and shalbe perpetually establisshed in rest and peace and welthy condicioun to or grete honor and pleasor the reioysing and comfort of all or loving frendes confiderates and alies, the feare and discomfort of or enmyes that wold entende or presume to attempt any thing to the contrary. The premisses therefore considered we do advertise you of the same to thentent that like as we doubt nat but ye and every of you wol take pleasor and comfort in hering thereof. So with convenient diligence uppon the sight of these or lettres ye wol cause demonstraciouns and tokens of reioysing and comfort to be made in sundry places wt in or citie there aswell by making of ffyres in suche places as shall thinke convenient as otherwise in the best and confortable maner that ye can so that therby it may be evidently knowen what gladnesse and reioysing ys generally takyn and made by you and other or subiectes for perfecting of the seid honorable matiers like as we knowe right well that the subiectes of the seid yong prince for their parte have doon and wol semblably do accordingly lating you wite that we have directed or like lettres to diverse other cities and townes wtin or seid reame semblably to do for theyr part. Yeuen under or Signet at our maner of Richemond the xxviij day of Decembre.

No. 31.

Petition of Dean Colet to the Common Council that he might be allowed to purchase certain lands and tenements for the purpose of enlarging his School; 15 Jan. 3 Henry VIII. [1511-12].

Journal 11, fo. 147b.

To the honorable Comon Counsell of the Citie of London.

Shewith unto you the Honorable Comyn Counsell of the Citie of London yor lover and Bedman John Colet Deane of poules. That where he hath made sute unto you afore this tyme for certeyn mesuage or tenement in the olde Chaunge and ye have not sufficiently yitt knowen his mynde in that behalf that it woll nowe lyke you to understande his mynde more plainly whiche ys this. That ys to sey That where he hathe edified and ordeyned a scole for your Childern bothe for lernyng and for good made maners in poules Churche and nowe to the more examplefying and makyng profite of the same in every pointe And also the more commoditie and weale of yor sonnes that nowe and hereafter shall resorte to the seid Scole because he sethe that it moche behoveth hym to his purpose to have suche house and tenement in the old Channge lying at the bakside of the said scole in the Est parte of the same that is to sey betwixt the tenement nowe in the tenour of Reynold Pwe Citezen and Marchaunt haberdassher of London on the South parte and the tenement nowe in the tenure of John Evers Citezein and Marchaunt haberdassher of London on the North parte conteynyng in lenght from the South to the North xxviij fote of assise and in brede from the Est to the West x fote ix Inches and a half of assise nowe being in the tenure of the seid John Evers paying a yerely Rent of xxxv s. Therfore he instantly praieth you and requireth you that ye wyll voutesave to lett hym have the seid tenementes for convenient and reasonable price suche as shalbe sene to indifferent men according to the true valour of the seid tenementes and [_sic_] this grauntyng ye shall doo the seid John Colet a gret pleasor and also a thing of gret commoditie to your childern, and the seid John Colet Deane of poules shall pray for your good prosperious contynuance to almyghty God all way who ever kepe you amen.

No. 32.

Letter from King Henry VIII to the City desiring 300 men for the service of the Navy against a threatened invasion of England by the King of France. Dated Greenwich, 30 Jan. [1512-13].

Journal II, fo. I.

Trusty and welbeloved we grete youe well. And forasmoche as we have perfite knowleage that or enemye the Frenche kyng hathe prepared a strong navye furnysshed wt men of warre to entre and lande in diverse parties of this or realme in this nexist moneth of Februarij for to brenne slee robbe and distroye all that they may overcome. We entendyng to prevent his conspired malice and to defende or reame and subgiettes from all suche invasions by strength of a navye to be shortly sett to the see. Wol therefore & commaunde youe that almaner excuses utterly sett a parte ye furthwt upon the sight hereof doo prepaire and arredye the nomber of ccc able persones sufficiently harneysed to serve us on the see so that they be here at Grenewiche by the xvth day off Februarij nexist commyng at the farthest any or former lettres wrytinges to contrary notwtstondyng and that in the mean season ye do send unto us some persone to receyve money for jakettes and conducte money and that ye faile not hereof as ye tender our honor the suertie & defence of this or realme and woll annswer therefore unto us at their utturmost perill. Yeven under or Signet at or manor of Grenewiche the xxx day of Januarij.

No. 33.

Letter from Cardinal Wolsey to the City, touching a loan of 4000 marks. Dated Westminster, 3 Sept. [1522].

Journal 12, fo. 196b.

Right honorable and my welbelovid frendes I parceyve by the relacõn of Sir John Dauncy howe towardly and benevolently ye at this present tyme of necessite, do use applye and endevor yor selfes to shewe gratuite honor and pleasure unto the kynges grace, and that the rather at my contemplacõn and desire, ye be mynded and contentid nowe to avaunce unto his highnes by way of lone the summe of iiijml merkes which is not only a manyfest and evydent demonstracõn of the perfite zele that ye have to the furtheraunce of the kynges affaires, but also therbye I do see what good inclynacõn and lovyng myndes ye be of to do unto me acceptable and thankfull pleasure assuryng you that the kynges highnes woll not faile so to remembre this yor gentill demeanor as ye shall have cause to thynk the same well employed and bestowed. And for my parte I thank you asmoch as though an other season ye gave unto me thries that valure, offeryng that eny goodes of myn or that I can make of my frendes shalbe as alliable unto yor commodities weales and profites hereafter as ye do shew you to be unto the satisfacõn of my desire and request, promysyng you also that wtin xv dayes next ensuyng I shall see you entierly repayed of the same And in all such thynges as may concerne thadvauncemet and comon weale of you and that Citie ye shall assuredly have my favor and good furtheraunce as thise yor merites condyngeiely do requyre. At my place besides Westmynster the iijde daye of Septembre.

Yor assured lovyng ffrende T. Cardinalis Ebor.

No. 34.

Letter from Henry VIII to the City requesting a benevolence. Dated Greenwich, 25 April [1525].

Letter Book N, fo. 278.

Trusty and right welbiloved we grete you well. Lattyng you wytte that by the reaporte and relacioun of the moost reverende fadre in God our most trusty and mooste enterly welbiloved counsaillor the lorde legate Cardynall Archebisshope of Yorke Primate of Englande and Chauncellor of the same Whom we appoynted to practyse wt you for an amyable graunte to be made unto us towards the supportacõn of or charges for our intended vyage in to Fraunce for recoverey and atteignynge of our crown and rightes there We to our singuler contentation understonde that ye lyke most lovynge and kynde subgettes have shewed yor selffes as conformable and well mynded to accomplyshe our desire purposed and shewed unto you by the sayde moost reverende fadre in that behalffe as cowde be imagined or devised And that there lakketh yn none of you any maner towardnes or herty good wille with all effecte to performe the same For the whiche your good demontracõn evidently provynge the feithfull and mooste lovynge myndes that you alwaies have borne and contynually doo bere unto us, ye do geve us right good cause to devise and studie howe we may be as gracious soverayne lorde unto yow, as ye bee good subgettes unto us: and surely yor towarde conformytes & demeanors heryn be so imprynted in our harte and mynde that we shall never forgett the same but yn all your resonable causes and pursuytes woll have suche consideracõn and respecte therunto as shalbe to yor comfortes gevyng you for this yor benevolent demeanor our right hartye thankys. Nevertheless in asmoche as by reaporte and informacõn of the said moost reverende fader we perceyve that albeyt ye be of this towarde molinacõn and disposicioun as is aforesaid, yet your powers and abilities be not equyvalent and correspondent unto yor good myndes ne ye may commodiously performe the same without your grete detryment and extreme hynderance & decay: We moche more esteme the prosperite of this our realme and the weale of you or lovynge and kynde subgettes then we doo ten suche realmes as Fraunce is. And not willynge you in any wise to be so overcharged in this benyvolent graunte as shulde be to yor extreme impoverishing have of our herty affeccõn and love towardes you at this tyme directed our other lettres and instruccõns unto the said most reverend fader willyng and desirynge hym to shewe and declare unto you what waies of moderacõn we have devysed to be taken with you in this behalff. By whome ye shall perceyve that we noo lesse doo tendre your weales then we doo the attaynynge of or said rights and crown whiche of necessite in avoydynge the greate dishonor that by the contrary may ensue to us and this our realme and subgettes we must attempte to recover. Trustyng therefor verelye that lyke as we have tendre respecte unto you and your commoditie soo ye will as liberall and good subgettes regarde the importance of our said intendyd viage with the honor and Reputacõn of us and this own realme accordyngly Yoven undre our Signet at or Maner of Grenewiche the xxv day of Aprill.

No. 35.

Order for Obsequies to be celebrated in the City on the death of the lady Jane Seymour, 10 November 1537.

Letter Book P, fo. 135b.

At thys courte yt ys agreed that a Solempn herse shalbe made in poules wyth iiij great Candlestickes wth iiij great Tapers and the herse to be garnysshed wth xxx other great Tapers wth ij Braunches of vyrgyn waxe and the same to be garnysshed wth blacke clothe and wth the Quenes armys and upon Monday next at after noone the great belles in Every churche at one of the Clocke to be Ronge and so contynue tyll three and then all the belles in Everye churche to Rynge tyle vj of the clocke And my lorde Mayre and the Sheryffes to contynue by the space of xiiij dayes And also agreed that all the Aldermen shall goo in blak and agreed that at twoo of the clocke at after noone to assemble here upon Monday next and that at after noone a Solempn Obytt to be kept at powles and on the morrowe the Masse And that of every Churche twoo preestes shall gyve attendance Every one in theyre Surplesses and the said Preestes to be devyded in fyve places in our Lady Chappell Saint Georges Chappell and Saint The Great Chappels on the North and South partes and that warnynge be gevyn by the clerkes of Every churche to the churchewardens of Everye Churche and one offycer of my lorde mayres to goo west and an other easte Also to gyve warnynge to the churchewardens and that the belles of Every churche upon Tuesday next shall begynne at ix of the clocke and contynue untyll xj of the clocke afore noone And than the great belles of every churche to rynge alone tyll xij of the clocke be strycken And that my lorde for hys Offycers viij blacke Gownes shall have and Every one of the Sheryffes to have iiij a pece At the costes of thys Cytie And that Mr Recorder shall have xxxiijs iiijd. The Chamberleyn the under-chamberleyn and the Towne clerk Every one of them xxs a pece by the commaundement of my lorde Mayre.

No. 36.

Extract from letter from Sir Richard Gresham to Thomas Cromwell, lord Privy Seal, touching the purchase of certain houses in Lombard Street belonging to Sir George Monoux, Alderman of the City of London, for the purpose of a site for an Exchange. Dated 25 July [1538].

Brit. Mus. MS. Cotton, Otho E x, fo. 45.

* * * The Last yere I shewyd yor goode lordeshipe a Platte that was drawen howte for to make a goodely Bursse In Lombert strete for merchaunts to Repayer unto I doo suppose yt wyll coste ij ml_l_ and more wyche shalbe very beautyful * * and allsoo for the honor owr soveragne * * ther ys serteyn howssys in the sayd * * longyn to Sir George Monnocks and excepte * * maye purchesse them the sayd Bursse can [not] be made Wherefor yt maye please yor good lordshipe [to] move the kynges highnes to have his most gracious lettyrs [di]rectyd to the sayd Sir George Wyllynge and allsoo [co]maundynge hym to cawsse the sayd howssys to be [so]led to the Mayer and Comminaltye of the City of London for suche prices as he dyd purches them for and that he fawte not but to accomplyshe hys gracious commaundement the Lettyr must be sharply made for he ys of noo jentyll nature and that he shale gyffee Further credens to the mayer I wyll delyver the Lettyr and handyll hym the best I can, and yf I maye obtayngne to have the sayde howyssys I dought not but to gather oon ml_l_ towarde the buildynge or I departe howte of myn office ther shale lacke noo goode wylle In me. And thus or lorde preserve yor goode lordshippe in prosperous helthe long to contynew. At London the XXV daye Juylly.

No. 37.

Letter from King Henry VIII to Alderman Monoux desiring him to part with certain property whereon to erect an Exchange. Dated Chichester, 13 August [1538].

Journal 14, fo. 124.

By the Kynge

Trusty and welbelovyd we grete you well. And where as we under stande that ye have certeyn howsyng and tenementes abowt lombard strete in our Citye of london whiche ar veray mete and expedyent for certeyn intended purposes to the weale and commen furtherance of merchauntes and entrecours of the same wtyn that or Cytye lyke as or trusty and Ryght welbelovyd servaunt Sr Rychard Gresham maior of the same and other hys brethern there can declare unto you Forasmoche as we tender moche that theyre good mynde and purpose in that byhalf may take effect And not dowbtyng but beyng brought up there ye have a good zeale and affeccõn to the same we have therfore thought hartely to requyre you that nowe shewyng the same ye woll nowe vouchesave at or intercessyon to bestowe upon suche a common weale and furtheraunce so moche of yor sayd howsyng as shall nede for thaccomplysshement of the same freely and frankely Or at the least wt so reasonable an agreament indelayedly to be made betwene you and the sayd Gresham as they maye have cawse to thynke that ye want no good affeccõn towardes the sayd cytye And also that ye have suche good respect to our requisicõn herein as apperteigneth Assuryng you that yor gentle confirmite so to doo shalbe by us thankfully accepted and remembred accordyngly Yeven under or signet at or citye of Chichestre the xiij daye of August.

No. 38.

Another letter from King Henry VIII to the same urging him to part with property required for an Exchange, on reasonable terms. No Date [1538].

_Id. ibid._

By the Kyng

Trusty and welbelovyd we grete you well And where as we have lately dyrected to you or letters hartely desyeryng you at or request frankely and frely to gyve certeyn yor howses that ye have in lombardstrete yn that or Cytye of London for a burse or place apte for merchauntes to resorte to orelles upon suche a reasonable agreament and convencõn as ye cowlde fynde yn your harte for or sake to conclude wt theym yn that byhalf wheryn ye shulde doo unto us acceptable pleasure not to be forgotten whensoever oportunytye shall requyre Wherupon as we be enformed or trusty and Ryght welbelovyd servaunt Sir Rychard Gresham Knight late Maior of or sayd Cytye have wt other of hys brethern Aldermen of the same bene lately wt you for thaccomplysshement therof at whiche tyme ye hooly remytted the matter to thorderyng of or trusty and welbelovyd counsailor Sir Richard Ryche chauncelor of or corte thaugmentacõns of or crowne wt whome also the sayd Sir Rychard Gresham wt other of hys brethern thaldermen of that or Cytye concluded and agreed to pay yerely for ever an annuall rent of twenty markes by yere for the sayd howses yet thys notwtstandyng thorough the evell counsayll and dethortacõn of certayn persones of frowarde disposicõn whiche lytle regarde or pleasure and yor estymacõn contrary to or expectacõn and lesse to the furtherance of the common wealth of that or Cytye have dysturbed the sayd good purpose to or no lytill marvell we therfore muche desyeryng the same to take effect do eftsones desyre and hartely requyre you that ponderyng and weyng wt yorself the benefite and commodytye that shall ensue therof to or common wealth and to the beautifitye of that or cytie and chamber of London to condescende to or desyre and conclude the sayd graunte accordyngly wtout further delaye Requyryng you that of yor gentle conformytie herein to be used on yor behalf (the contrary wherof we nothyng loke for) ye woll advertyse us wt convenyent dylygence by thys brynger Sir Rychard Gresham to thintent that accordyng to yor procedynges hereyn we maye gyve unto you or condigne thankes and also remember the same whan occasyon shall serve to yor no lytle benefit accordyngly Yeven under or Signet &c.

No. 39.

Letter of thanks from Henry VIII to Alderman Monoux for acceding to the King's former request. Dated Westminster, 25 Nov. [1538].

Journal 14, fo. 124b.

By the Kynge

Trusty and welbeloved we grete you well And perceyvyng by the relacõn of or Ryght trusty and Right welbelovyd counsailor the lorde privie seale howe at the contemplacõn of or lettres lately dyrected unto you for yor lovyng graunte to be made unto the merchauntes of or citye of London for theyre reasonable money to have of you suche yor howses and tenementes situate and lyeng yn Lombardstrete as shulde be mete for a burse wherunto the merchauntes of or said Cytye shulde for the trafique of marchaundyses have dayly concorse and accesse to the beautifyeng of or sayd Cytie and the advauncement of or common wealth of the same ye have lyke a lovyng subiect conformed yorself unto the same And have of yor owne gentlenes shewed and declared more conformitye unto theyre sute and Request than we desyred of you by or sayd lettres lyke as for yor gentle Accomplysshement thereof we geve unto you or cordyall and condynge thankes So we assure you we shall have the same yor towardnes yn the performyng hereof yn suche remembrance as whan occasyon shall serve yn yor lawfull pursuytes the same shall redownde unto yor benefyte accordyngly Yeven under or signet at or Royall palace of Westminster the xxv day of Novembre.

No. 40.

Proclamation by Henry VIII forbidding public hunting and hawking in the suburbs of London. Dated 7 July, 1545.

Journal 14, fo. 240b.

Forasmoche as the Kynges moste Royall Maistey is moche desyrous to have the Games of hare partriche ffesaunte and heron preserved in and abowte his honor at his paleys of Westmynster for his owne disporte and pastyme That is to save from his said paleys at Westmynster to saint Gyles in the feelde and from thens to Islyngton to or ladye of the Oke to Hyghegate to Harnesey parke to Hampstede Hethe and from thens to Shotehophyll to Wyllesdon to Acton to Cheseweke to Chelsehethe and so from thens to his said paleys of Westmynster to be preserved and kepte for his owne disporte pleasure and Recreacõn. His Highnes therefore straytlye chargethe and Commaundeth all & singuler his subiectes of what Estate Degree or condicõn soever they be that they ne any of them do presume or attempte to hunte or hawke or in any manener of meanes to take or kyll any of the said Games wthin the precincte aforesaid as they tender his favour and wull exchewe further punysshement at his Maiestyes wyll and pleasure. * * * Dated Westminster, 7 July, 37 Henry VIII [1545].

No. 41.

Letter from King Edward VI and the Protector Somerset to the City asking for a force of 1000 men as a protection against conspirators. Dated Hampton Court, 6 Oct. [1549].

Letter Book R, fo. 39b.

Trustye and welbeloved we greate yowe well we charge and commaunde yowe moste ernestlye to gyve order wth all spede for the defence & preservacõn of that or Cytie of London for us. And to levye owte of hande & to putt in order as menye as convenyentlye yowe maye well weaperred & arayed keapyng good watche at the gates. And to sende us hether for the defence of or person one thousand of that or cytie of trustye & faythfull men to attende upon us & or most intyerly belovyd uncle Edwarde Duke of Somersett governor of or personne and protector of or realmes domynyons and subiectes well harnessed & wth good & convenyent weapon. So that they do make their repayer hether unto us this night if yt be possyble or at the leaste tomorrowe before none. And in the meane tyme to do what as apperteyneth unto yor duetye for ours & or seid uncles defence agayns all suche as attempte anye conspyracie or enterpryse of vyolence against us or or seid uncle, and as yow knowe best for or preservacõn & defence at this presente. Yoven under or Signett at or honor of Hampton corte the vjth of October the third yere of or reign.

Poscript--Ye shall further gyve credyte to or trustye & welbeloved Owen Claydon the bearer herof in all suche thynges as he shall further declare unto yowe on the behalf of us & or seid uncle the lord protector.

No. 42.

Letter from Lords of the Council to the City touching the conduct of the Duke of Somerset. Dated 6 Oct. [1549].

Letter Book R, fo. 40.

After or right hartye comendacõns unto yor good lordship knowyng yor hartye loves & earnest zeales to the preservacõn of the person of the kynges maiestie & of this realme: and other his maiesties realmes & domynyons we have thought good to advertyse yowe that notwthstanding all the good advyse & counseyll that we cowde geve to the Duke of Somerset to steye hymself wthin his reasonable lymyttes and to use his governement nowe in the tender age of his maiestye in suche sorte as might tende to his highnes suertye to the conservacõn of his estate & to his owne honor. The seid duke neverthelesse styll contynuing in his pryde covetousnes & ambycyon ceaseth not daylie by all the wayes & meanes he can devyse to enryche hymself wthowte measure and to empoveryshe his matie he buyldeth in iiij or v places moste sumptuouslye & leaveth the poore souldiers unpayed of their wages onvyttaylled and in all thynges so unfurnysshed as the losses lately susteyned to the greatest dyshonor that ever came to the kynge & this realme do declare; he soweth daylie dyvysyon bytwene the nobles & gentlemen of the commens he rewardeth & enterteyneth a nomber of those that were capteyns of the commens in this late insureccõns & fynally in such wyse subverteth all lawes justyce & good order as yt is evydent that puttyng his truste in the commens & perceyving that the nobles and gentlemen shuld be an impedyment to hym in hys dyvyllyshe purposes he laboureth fyrste to have theym destroyed & thyncketh after easelye inough to achive his desyer wth yt appeireth playnly is to occupye the kinges maiesties place for his doinges who so ever lyste to beholde theym do manyfestlye declare that he myndeth never to render accompte to his maiestie of his procedynges. These thynges wth manye moo to large to recyte consydered we pondred wth orselfes that eyther we muste travayle for some reformacõn or we muste in effecte as yt were consent wth hym to the destruccyon of or soveraign lorde & cuntreye, wherepon laying aparte all respectes and restyng only upon or duetyes we joyned in counseyll & thought quyetlye to have treated the matter wth hym, who perceyvyng that we joyned for the kynge & wold have suche order as might be for the suertye of his maties person & the commen welthe streight put hym self in force & resteth at pleyn point as yt appereth eyther to go thurrough wth his detestable purpose in sorte as he hathe done or to trye yt by the sworde. Nowe for asmoche as we see presentlie that onles there be a reformacõn the person of the kinges matie is in moste certeyn daunger & this realme or naturall countrey lyke to be destroyed wth or posteryties, lyke as we have agayne fully resolved wth godes helpe eyther to delyver the kynges matie & the realme from this extreme ruyne & destruccyon or to spend or lyves for the declaracõn of or faythfull hartes and duetyes so knowinge yor hartye good wylles & troth to his maiestye & therefore nothinge doubtyng of yor redynes to joyne wth us in or godly purpose we thought good to lett yowe knowe the verye trouthe of or enterprice & in the kynges maties behalf so requyre yowe not onlye to put good & substancyall order for watche and warde but also to have an earnest contynuall regarde to the preservacõn wthin yor cytie of all harneys weapons & munycõns so as none be suffred to be conveyed to the seid duke nor any others attendyng aboute hym and besydes that yow from hensforth obey no letters proclamacõns nor other commaundements to be sent from the seid duke and thus we byd yor L. moste hartely farewell from London the vjth of October.

No. 43.

Letter from Queen Mary to the City, desiring a contingent of 1,000 men to be held ready for active service at a day's notice. Dated Richmond, 31 July, 1557.

Journal 17, fo. 54b.

By the Quene

Trustie & welbeloved we grete yow well and lett yow wete yt the warres beinge open betwixte us and Fraunce and the Kynge our deerest Lorde & husband passed the seas in persone to pursue the enemye we have gyven order as mete is (or honor and suertie so requiering) to have a convenyent force putt in a perfytt readynes to attend upon or persone aswell for the defence & suertie thereof as to resiste suche attempes as may be by any forrein enemye or otherwise made agaynst us & or Realme and therefore will & comaunde yow that of the hole manred of that or Cytie of London aswell in lyberties as wthowt yow do appoynte the nomber of one thousand hable souldyers wherof as many to be horsemen as may be and the resydewe to be hable footemen the horsemen to be well horssed & armed & of the footemen the fourthe parte to be harquebutiars or archers One other fourthe parte or more to beare pykes and the residewe of the said footemen to be bylles all well harnessed and weaponed to serve us in or saide defense having & kepinge the same nomeber in suche order as under the leadynge of mete Captaynes gentlemen of enherytaunce or their heires apparaunte by yow lykewyse to be named they may be readye by the xvjth of August nexte at the furthest and from thensfourthe to contynue in suche a redynes as at all tymes after they maye be hable upon one dayes warninge to repaire unto us or suche other place as we shall appoyncte for our servyce Takinge also suche order as the said Captaynes to bee by yow named may in the meane tyme knowe and be acquaynted wth theire soldiers and the soldyers lykewyse withe their Captaines And because we have wrytten or specyall lettres to the persones named in the scedule inclosed to furnyshe for or servyce suche nombers of men as they ar hable to make Our pleasure is yow shall forbeare in the settinge fourthe of theis numbers to take any the tenaunts or others under the rules or offyces of the said persones or of any others appoynted lykewyse to serve us And our pleasure is yow shall have also lyke respecte to the tenaunts & others under the rules and offyces of those noble men and gentlemen now gon with or armye into Fraunce And of yor doinges herein or pleasure is yow shall advertise us by yor Lettres wth as muche spede as you possibly maye And theis or Lettres Shalbe unto yow suffycient warraunte and dyscharge for yor doinges in that behalfe Yoven under or Sygnet at or manor of Richemond the last of July the fourth and fyveth yeres of or raignes [1557].

No. 44.

Letter from Queen Mary to the City asking for 500 men to be immediately dispatched for the relief of Calais. Dated Greenwich, 2 Jan. [1557-8].

Journal 17, fo. 55.

Trustie and welbeloved we greate you well and where ye did this last Sommer put in a readynes the nomeber of one thowsande men to attend upon or person at all tymes whan we shuld calle for the same Havinge receyved certein advertisementes from or Towne of Callice that the Frenche hathe approched theither and myndeth to attempte sum exployte on or said Towne and other or pieces there we have thought good for the better metinge wth suche attemptates as shalbe by them offered to sende a furder supplye of men thither and therfore requyre & comaunde yow furthwth upon the recipte of theise or letters wth as muche dylygente spede as ye may possyblye to putt in a reddynes the number of fyve hundreth hable footemen and to se them furnyshed wth armure and weapon, whereof as many of them to be harquebutters as yow can gett and the rest to be furnyshed wth bowes and pykes so as the said number be ready to sett fourthe towardes or said Towne under the conducte of suche captaynes as we shall appoynte by Frydaye nexte at the furthest For whose conducte money we have alredy given order they shall receyve the same at or said Towne of Callyce at their arryvall there And because this or servyce requyrethe moche expedycõn and haste, ye shall not neade to staye for the makinge of any cotes for the said number but to send them fourthe withe all spede Wereof we requyer you not to fayle as we specyallye truste yow And theise or lettres shalbe yor suffycient warraunte & dyscharge in this behalfe. Yeoven under or Sygnet at or Mannor of Grenewiche the seconde of January in the fourth and fyfthe yeres of or raignes [1557-8].

No. 45.

Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the City desiring 250 soldiers for service at sea under the High Admiral, Lord Clinton, against the French. Dated Greenwich, 17 May, 2 Eliz. [1560].

Journal 17, fol. 238b.

ELIZABETH R.

Right Trustie and welbeloved we grete you well. Because we certaynly understand that notwthstandinge our desire and good contentacõn at diverse tymes declared to have a treatie wth the frenche for the redresse and staye of the notable Iniuries and attemptes commytted agaynst us and the right of our Crowne and for the wthdrawinge of their forces out of Scotland the whiche can not be permytted there as they be wthout greate daunger not onlie to or towne of Barwick but also to the state of or realme consideringe the false pretence made and certeyne other depe practises by them agaynst this Realme. To the furderaunce of whiche treatie they offer in speche and good wordes accesse of personages to mete wth somme of ours; yet their preparations to the seas be daylie so great as greater can not well be whiche surely with convenient providence on our parte and by goodes goodnes we nede not feare. Thearfore meanynge to be ready for the defense and honour of or Realme aswell to treate wth the frenche for accorde and quietnes as for wthstandinge of there furder attemptes specially by sea we have by advyse of our Counsell thought convenient to send our navie furthwth to the seas, and therwth or right trustie and right welbeloved Counsellor the lord Clynton our highe Admirall to governe the same, and wth or said Navie to wthstande suche force as he shall fynde on the frenche parte upon the seas to damage either our owne subiectes and marchauntes tradynge the seas or the subiectes of any other our frendes or to invade or attempte to lande upon any parte of or sea costes. And for the better furnyture of or said navie wth souldiores we will that there shalbe levyed wthin that our Cytie of London and the liberties of the same the nomber of two hundred and fyftie hable men whereof or meanynge ys, that the one halfe shoulde be archers and thother harquebuttiers, and as sone as ye have levied the same, our pleasure is that ye shall commytt them to several captaynes for every hundred, and cause them to be arrayed wth armoure and weapon mete for that service to be redy in or Cytie of London the xxiiijth of this monethe and to departe to or navie wth or Admirall at suche tyme as he shall prescribe and for their conducte money the same shalbe delivered to you by order of or Treasorer of Englande. And theise or lettres shalbe yor sufficient warrant for the levyenge of the said nomber of two hundred and fyftie men accordinglie. Yeoven under or signet at our mannor of Grenewiche the xvijth of Maye the seconde yere of or reigne [1560].

No. 46.

Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the City, desiring that Sir Thomas Gresham might be discharged from serving the offices of Mayor, Alderman and Sheriff. Dated Westminster, 7 March, 5 Eliz. [1562-3].

Journal 18, fo. 137.

Trustie and welbeloved we gret you well; And wheras our faythfull servante Sr Thomas Gresham knighte is one of the citizens and fredome of or citie of London, and by reason therof maye perchance hereafter be called upon or elected to serve in the office of maior alderman or shref wthin our saide citie of London or countye of Middlesex. Forasmuche as the same Sr Thomas Gresham not onlye in tymes past hathe ben employed in or service about our weightye affayres in the partyes of beyond the sea concerninge the state of or Realme, But also hereafter duringe his lif muste and shalbe employed aboute or like weightye affayres in or service concerninge the state of oure realme from tyme to tyme as our pleasure shalbe to appoynte. These ar to signifye unto you that those & other speciall consideracõns us movinge our request and expresse pleasure is that at yor nexte comen assembly or comen counsayle daye to be holden wthin our saide cittye ye do cause it to be fyrmely and perfectley ordered and of recorde emongest yon regestred by an absolute acte of comen counsell that or saide servante Sr Thomas Gresham from hensfourth duringe his life shalbe free and clerely discharged of and from the saide offices of maior, alderman and shriff afore mencõned and of and from every of them and not at any tyme to be elected or charged wth the same offices or any of them. And that ye fayle not herof as ye tender or favor. And of yor procedinges in observacõn of this our request, that ye do furthwith after yor nexte comen counsell daye assertayne us by writing from you to the intent we maye have consideracõn of the same as shall appertayne. And sowe bidd you fare well from or palace at Westminster the vijth daye of Marche in the fyveth yere of our reigne [1562-3].

No. 47.

Proclamation against the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland for their rebellion against the Queen's Majesty. Dated Windsor Castle, 24 Nov., 1569.

Journal 19, fo. 202b.

By the Queene.

The Queenes maiestie was sundry wise aboute the latter ende of this sommer infourmed of some secrete whisperinges in certaine places of Yorkshire, and the Bishopricke of Durham that there was lyke to be shortly some assemblies of Lewde people in those partes tendinge to a rebellyon: Whereof, because at the first the informacõns conteyned no evident or direct cause or proofe therfore her Maiestie had the lesse regarde therto, untill upon certayne convencõns and secrete meetinges of the Earles of Northumberlande and Westmerlande, wth certen personnes of suspected behavor, the formor reportes were renewed and thereof also the saide two Earles were in vulgare speaches from place to place expresslye noted to be the auctors, whereupon the Earle of Sussex, lorde President of her Maties councell in those north partes, gave advertisment of the like brutes, addinge nevertheles (to his knowelege) there was no other matter in dede but lewde rumors, sodaynly raised and sodaynly ended. And yet shortely after he sent for the two Earles wth whom he conferred of those rumors: who as thei could not deny but that thei had harde of suche, yet (as it nowe afterward apperethe) falsely then dissemblinge, thei protested themselves to be free from all suche occasions, offeringe to spende theire lyves against any that shulde breake the peace and so muche trusted by the said lorde president upon theire othes, they were licensed not only to departe, but had powre geven to examyn the causes of the said brutes. Neverthelesse the fire of theire treasons wch thei had covered was so greate, as it did newly burst out mo flames. Whearupon her Maiestie beinge alwais lothe to enter in any open misport of any of her nobilitie, and therfore in this case desirous rather to have bothe the saide Earles cleared from suche sclaunders and her good people that lived in feare of spoile to be quitted comaunded the lord President (as it semed) havinge than discovered somewhat further of theire evill purposes, dyd onely at the first write to them to come to hym to consult upon matters apperteynynge to that councell, whereunto they made delatory and frivolous answeres: and so beinge once agayne more earnestly required, thei more flatly denyed. And last of all her Maiestie sent her owne private letters of comaundement to them to repaire to her presence all wch notwthstandinge, thei refused to come: And havinge before the delivery of her Maties letters to them assembled as great numbers as they could (wch were not many, for that the honester sorte dyd refuse them) thei did enter into an open and actuall rebellion armynge and fortifyinge them selfes rebelliously in all warlike maner and have invaded houses and churches and published proclamacõns in there owne names to move her Maties subiectes to take theire partes, as personnes that meane of theire private auctorite to breake and subvert Lawes threateninge the people that if thei cannot atchive theire purposes, then strangers will enter the Realme to fynyshe the same. And wth this they adde, that they meane no hurte to her Maties personne a pretence always first published by all traitors. And as for reformacõn of any greate matter, it is evident thei be as evill chosen two personnes (if there qualities be well considered) to have creditt, as can be in the whole Realme. And nowe her Maiestie manifestly percyvinge in what sorte these two Earles beinge both in povertie, the one havinge but a very small porcõn of that wiche his auncesters had and lost, and the other havinge almost his whole patrimony wasted, do go aboute throughe the perswasion of a nomber of desperat persons associated as parasites wth them to satisfie there privat lacke and ambicioun wch cannot be by them compassed wthout coveringe at the first certeine highe treason against the quenes Maties person and the Realme, longe hidden by suche as have heretofore provoked them, wth the cover of some other pretended generall enterprises hathe thought good that all her good lovinge subiectes shulde spedely understand howe in this sorte the said two Earles contrary to the naturall propertie of nobilitie (wch is instituted to defende the prince beinge the head and to preserve peace) have thus openly and traitorrously entred into the first rebellyon and breach of the publique blessed peace of this Realme that hath heppened (beyonde all former examples) duringe her Maties raigne wch nowe haithe contynued above eleven yeares, an acte horrible against god the only gever of so longe a peace; and ungratefull to there soveraigne Lady to whom thei two particularly have heretofore made sundry professions of there faith and lastely most unnaturall and pernicious to theire natyve cuntrey that hath so longe enyoied peace, and nowe by there only mallyce and ambicioun is to be trobled in that felicitie. And herewth also her Maiestie chargeth all her goode subiectes to employ there hole powers to the preservacõn of comon peace (wch is the blessinge of almightie god) and spedely to apprehend and suppresse all maner of personnes that shall by any dede or word shewe them selfes favorable to this rebelliouse entreprise of the said two Earles, or any there associates who as her Maiestie hath already willed and commaunded to be by the forsaid Earle of Sussex, her liefetenaunt generall in the northe, published rebells and traitors against her Crowne and dignytye so dothe her Matie by these presentes for avoidinge of all pretences of ignoraunce reiterat and eftsonnes notifie the same to her whole Realme, wth all their adherentes and favorers to be traitors, and so to be taken and used to all purposes not doubtinge but this admonicõn and knowlege geven, shall suffice for all good subiectes to retaine them selves in there dwetes, and to be void from all seducinge by these foresaid rebells and traitors or there adherentes and favorers, whatsoever there pretences shalbe made or published by them selves, or suche as have not the grace of god to delighte and lyve in peace, but to move uprores to make spoile of the goodes and substances of all good people, the true proper fruytes of all rebellions and treasons geven at the Castell of Windsor the xxiiij daie of November 1569 in the twelfth yere of her Maties raigne.

god save the quene.

No. 48.

Letter from Queen Elizabeth to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London on the occasion of the discovery of the Babington conspiracy. Dated Windsor Castle, 18 August 1586.

Journal 22, fo. 52.

Right trustie and welbeloved we grete you well being given tunderstand howe greatlie our good and most Loving subiectes of that Cittie did reioyce at the apprehension of certayne develish and wicked mynded subiectes of ours that through the greate and singuler goodnes of god have of late ben detected to have most wickedlie and unnaturallie conspired not onelie the takinge awaie of our oune lief, but also to have stirred upp (as mutche as in them laye) a generall rebellion throughout our whole realme: we could coulde [_sic_] but by our owne lettres witnes unto you the grate and singuler contentment we receyved uppon the knowledge thereof assuringe you that we did not so mutche reioyce at the escape of the intended attemp against our owne person, as to see the greate Joye our most Lovinge subiectes tooke at the apprehension of the contrivers thereof, wch (to make their Love more apparent) the have (as we are to our greate comfort enformed) omitted no outwarde shewe, that by anie externall acte might witnes to the worlde, the inward love and dutifull affeccion they beare towardes us, and as we have as greate cause wth all thankfulness, to acknowledge godes greate goodnes towardes us throughe the infinit blessinge he layeth uppon us as manie as ever Prince hadd, yea rather, as ever creature hadd; Yet doe we not for anie worldlie blessinge receyved from his devine Matie so greatlie acknowledged them, as in that it hath pleased him to inclyne the hartes of our subiectes. Even from the first begynninge of our reigne, to carrie as greate Love towardes us, as ever Subiectes carried towarde Prince, whiche ought to move us (as it dothe in verey deede) to seeke wth all care and by all good meanes that apparteyne to a christian Prince, the conservacion of so loving and dutifull affected subiectes. Assuringe you that we desire no longer to Live, then while we maie in the whole course of our governement carrie our self in sutche sorte, as maie not onelie nourish and contynewe their Love and goodwill towardes us, but also increasse the same we thinke meete that theise our lettres should be also commynicated in sum generall assemblie to our most Lovinge subiectes the commons of that cittie. Geven under our signet at our castell of Wyndesor the xviijth daie of August 1586 in the xxviij yere of our Reigne.

No. 49.

Speech made by a member of the Common Council 22 Aug., 1586, upon the occasion of the discovery of the Babington conspiracy.

Journal 22, fo. 52.

Right worshipfull my good countreymen & citezens of this most noble cittie of London. Since the late brute and report of a most wicked and tray terouse conspiracie, not onelie to take awaie the leif of our most gracious soveraigne whom god graunt longe to lyve & raigne over us but also to stuer upp a generall rebellion throughout the whole realme; the greate and universall ioye of you all of this cittie, uppon the apprehension of divers of that most wicked conspiracy a late declared and testified by manie outward actes & shewes hathe wrought in the quenes most excellent maiestie sutche a gracious contentement, that it hathe moved hir highnes, by hir letters signed wth hir owne hand to signifie unto my L. Maior of this cittie, and his bretherein, her most noble and pricelie acceptacioun thereof And that in sutche sorte as there by maie appeare that hir highnes hath not more no not so mutche reioyced at the most happie escape of the wicked mischeif intended against hir owne person as att the ioye wch her lovinge subiectes and namelie you of this cittie of London looke at the apprehension of the practizers of that intended treason By occasion whereof hir highnes brought to a thankfull rememberance, and acknowledginge of godes infinite blessing bestowed on hir, comparable wth anie prince or creature in the worlde no worldly thinge more or like accompteth of them of the heartie love of hir lovinge faithfull subiectes many wayes and many tymes before nowe but especially by this our greate ioye in this sorte at this tyme and uppon this occasion shewed.

And that hir exceadinge greate love and exceptacion of our reioycinge maye the more appeare unto you, it hath pleased hir highnes in the same letter to declare that she desireth no longer to live amonge us, then she shall maynteyne contynue norish & increase the love and goodwill of her subiectes towardes hir And this her highenes hath willed to be made knowen unto you all wth this, that she will not faile wth all care and by all good meanes that apperteyne to a Christian prince to seke the conservacion of you all so lovinge and dowty full affected subiectes This hir maiesties pleasure in parte nowe declared & more to be made knowen to you by hir owne letters, wch you shall heare redd, my lorde maior and his bretheren have required me to declare unto you all that they doe hartelie reioyce and thank god for the happie daie of the good acceptacion of this your greate ioye. And my L. himself hathe willed me to give you all hartie thankes in his name for that in the tyme of his service your dutifull behaviours have gotten to the cittie so noble & worthie a testimonie of dewtie & loyaltie of so worthie & noble a quene.

Now for asmutche as godes blessinges wonder fullie abounde & one ioye cometh uppon an other let us not be unthankfull to god but acknowledge his goodnes, attribute the same (as in deede we ought) to the sincere religion of allmightie god most godlie established by the quenes most excellent matie wch hath taught us to knowe god a right our dowtie to our soveraigne and to love our countrey, and hath made us dutifull & obedient subiectes reioycinge att all good thinges happeninge to hir matie hir realme or to anie in hir noble service the true effectes of a true & good religion. Whereas the contempners thereof & the immoderate affectors of the Romish religion & suspersticions, beinge voide of the true knowledge of god, have declyned from god, their allegiance to their prince their love to their countrey, And have become inventors of mischifes, brutors and spreaders abrode of false and sediciouse rumors, sutche as ioye at no good thinge but contrarie wise reioyse at everie evell successe, the badges and markes of their profession, who have before this, & in this realme and other hir highnes dominions stirred upp rebellion forrein invasion, and manie tymes practized the verey deathe & destruccion of the quene hir self the ruyne & subversion of the whole realme the proper effectes of their romishe religion.

We have behelde thes thinges & seene in our daies the ruyne and mischeifes invented against others fall uppon the inventors themselves & have knowen the wicked and violent handes of divers of them devilishlie to kill & murdre them selves whom most trayterouslie then woulde, and most happilie the could not slea the Lordes annoynted.

As we have knowen all thes thinges, so god be thanked, that by a better religion, havinge ben better taught, we have ben no partakers of their wicked devises, But have put to our helpinge handes as occasion hath served, and over redie to ever throwe the auctors & devisers there of.

And I have no doubt, but we of this noble cittie, who hetherto have ben alwaies redie dutifullie & faithfully to serve hir maiestie uppon all occasions (her highnes now so graciouslie acceptinge onely of our reioycinge at the apprehension of her enemies ever the least parte of the dutie of a good subiecte to so good a quene) wilbe redie everie one wth all yt we can make, & wth the uttermost adventure of all our lives spedilie to be revenged uppon all sutche as shall vilanouslie & trayterouslie attempe or put in ure anie mischeif to her noble person, and in the meane tyme will have a better eye and eare to all suspicious miscontented persons to their sayenges and doinges to their false brutes and reportes, to the places and corners of their haunt & resort, to their harbours companions, ayders & maynteyners.

God upholde and contynue his religion amonge us & increase our zeale therein wch hathe made us so lovinge & loyall and so beloved & acceptable subiectes to so worthie a prince, & roote out the wicked & romishe religion that hath made so manie disloyall & trayterous subiectes, to whom is bothe odious & irkesome the longe lief and prosperouse reygne of our most noble quene Elizabeth. God confounde all sutche traytors and preserve hir hignes longe to live and raigne over us.

No. 50.

List of ships furnished and victualled by the City to meet the Armada, 1588.

State Papers Dom. Vol. ccxii. No. 68.

At Plymmowthe xixno Julij 1588.

A note of all the shipps nowe at sea under the chardge of the Lorde Admerall wth their nombers of men and tyme of victuallinge wch is reduced nowe to ende in them all together the xth of Auguste.

Men.

{ The Hercules 120 } { The Tobie 110 } { The Senturyon 90 } Theis shipps { The Marget and John 84 } beinge set furthe { The Mynyon 84 } by the Cyttie are { The Assention 84 } victuallid by them { The Red Lyon 84 } alreadie until the { The May Flower 84 } xth of Auguste and { The Primrose 80 } shalbe here furnyshid The London { The Teger 72 } with a Shippes { The guyfte of god 64 } moneths victuall { The B. Burre 64 } more at the { The Brave 64 } Cytties chardge { The golden Lyon 64 } accordinge to yor { The Royall defence 60 } Lo: order. { The Thomas bonaventur 60 } { The releif 16 } } { The Moneshine 30 } } instead of theis to { The Pasporte 30 } } have 2 pynnasses { The Dyana 16 } }

No. 51.

Government order to victual ships furnished by the City; 24 July, 1588.

State Papers Dom. Vol. ccxiii. No. 15.

Mr. Quarleis theis are to praie you presentlie to victuall theis shippes hereunder written nowe at the seas wth my Lo: Admirall wth one moneths victuall of xxviij daies to begyn the xth of August 1588 and to end the vijth of September followinge both daies included Of wch monnethes victualls you are to victuall the said Flete for the fyrst xiiij daies at Portesmouth The other xiiij daies the victuall to be sent to Dover. This to be doune with all spede possible and so fare you well from my house at Stroude the xxiiijth of Julie 1588

* * * * *

1 The Hercules } 2 The Tobie } 3 The Senturion } 4 The Marget and John } 5 The Mynion } 6 The Assention } 7 The Red Lion } 8 The Tygar } 9 The Mayflower } Of London. 10 The Prymrose } 11 The gift of god } 12 The bark Burle } 13 The Brawle } 14 The golden Lion } 15 The Riall defence } 16 Thelen Nathan } 20 The foure pynnasses }

No. 52.

List of all the ships furnished by the City against Spain in 1588.

State Papers Dom. Vol. ccxxxvii, fos. 15b-16b.

The whole flete sett out in 88 against the Spaniards and wch were payed by Q. Eliz: and how many were payed by London and the Porte Townes?

Queene Eliz: whole armye at Sea against ye Spanish forces in anno 1588.

* * * * *

Shippes set forth and payde upon ye charge of ye City of London anno 1588

Men. The Hercules 120 George Barnes The Tobie 110 Robert Barratt The May flower 90 Edw: Bankes The Mynion 90 John Dale The royall defence 80 John Chester The Assention 100 John Bacon The Guift of God 80 Thom: Luntlowe The Prime Rose 90 Rob: Bringborne The Margarett and John 90 John Fisher The goulden Lyon 70 Rob: Willton The Dyana 40 The B. Burre 70 John Sarracole The Tigar 90 Willm Cæsar The Brane 70 Willm Furth The Red Lyon 90 Jarvis Willes The Centurion 100 Samuel Foxcraft The Pastporte 40 Chr. Colethurst The Mooneshine 30 John Brough The Tho. Bonaventure 70 William Alldrige The Releife 30 John King The George Noble 80 Henery Billingham The Anthony 60 George Harper The Tobie 70 Chr. Pigott The Sallamander 60 Damford The Rose Lyon 50 Barn. Acton The Antellope 60 Dennison The Jewell 60 Rowell The Paunce 70 Willm Butler The Providence 60 Rich. Chester The Dolphin 70 Willm Hare ---------------------- ----------------- 30 Shipps and Barques 2130 men.

No. 53.

Letter from King James I to the City upon his accession to the throne. Dated Holyrood House, 28 March 1603.

Journal 26 fo. 75b.

Trustie and welbeloved we greit you hartelly well beinge informed of youre great forduartnes in that iuste and honorable action of proclaminge ws youre Souverane lord and King immediatlye after the deceas oure late darrest Sister the quene, wherin you have gevin a singulare good proufe of your ancient fidelitie, a reputation hereditarie to that oure Citie of Lundon, beinge the Chamber of oure Imperiall crowne and ever free from all shedowes of tumultous and onlawful courses wee could not omitt wth all the speid possible wee might to give you hereby a teast of oure thankfull mynde for the same and withall assurance that you cannot crave anie thing of ws fitt for the mentenance of yow all in generall and everie one of yow in particulare but it shalbe moast willingly performed by avs whose speciall care shall ever be to provide for the continewance and incresse of your present happines desiringe yow in the meane tyme to goe constantly forduart in doinge all and whatsumer things yow shall find necessary or expedient for the good goverment of oure said Citye in execution of Justice as yow have bene in wse to doe in oure said darrest Sisters tyme, till oure pleasure be knowen unto yow in the contrare This not douting but ye will doe as ye may be fully assured of oure gratious favour towards yow in the hieghest degrie, we bid you hartely farewell Halyrudhous the 28 of Marche 1603.

No. 54.

Reply to the above. Dated 29 March, 1603.

_Id._, fo. 76.

To the most high & mighty Prince our most dread & gracious Soveraigne Lord King James ye First King of England, Scotland, France & Ireland.

Most mighty prince & our most dread & gracious Soveraigne Wee cannot expresse the great comfort and exceeding ioy conceived here for this great blessing of Almighty God in preserving yor sacred Matie for this yor right and yor right for yu and yu for us yor Liege people of this yor Realme wch is increased & redoubled by the perfect union and concurrence of all yor Maties faithful subjects throughout yor Realme especially of this yor Highnes City in harty love & loyall affeccõn towards yor Highnes a Prince so famous and renowned through the world for yor great wisdome piety iustice Magnanimity & other great & princely vertues whereby our selves and all other yor Loyall Subjects of this your Land are made assured of ye continuance and increase of that happy peace holy religion & other great & infinite blessings of Almighty God, which wee have enjoyed soe many yeares by the happy governmt of or late gracious and glorious Queene of famous memory.

What thancks sufficient can wee render to Almighty God for this his mercy and unspeakable goodnes towards this Land whoe hath thus tempered or great sorrow wth a greatr comfort & repaired this or great losse of a Mother with the advantage of a greater gain in the succession of yor Highnes as a Father which is accompanied wth the union of both Kingdoms to the great Strengthening of yor Highnes and noe lesse terror of ye Enemies (if any be) of yor Highnes person & estate.

Touching or selves to whom the Charge & preservacõn of this yor Chamber and principall City is comitted as wee have endeavored with all or powers to advance yor Highnes most iust clayme and rightfull title to the Succession of this yor Kingdome soe or future care & indeavour shall extend it selfe to ye very uttermost of our witts & power to preserve ye same wth all humble duty & circumspeccõn for yor Highnes use agt all power & opposicõn both of this Land (if any happen as God forfend) and the whole world. For assurance of wch or Loyalty & devoted loves towards yor Highnes Wee have sent unto yu or speciall Messenger to witt or Secretary & Remembrancer Mr. Doctor Fletcher a man (wee heare) non unknowne unto yor Highnes As alsoe to returne unto us the Significacõn of yor Highnes pleasure and direccõn in such matters as shall conduce to the well ordering of this yor Chamber Wch wee humbly pray Almighty God & intreate yor Highnes for yor owne and yor peoples sake may be accelerate wth all safety and due caucõn of yor person to the publique ioy both of or selves and yor whole Realme From London this xxixth of March 1603.

Your Maties most humble & loyall Subjects

The Maior & Aldermen of your Highnes Citty & Chamber of London.

Robert Lee Maior John Hart John Spencer Stephen Slaney Henry Billingsly Stephen Soame John Garrard Jo: Croke Recorder Tho: Bennett Tho: Lowe Wm Glover Wm Romeney Leonard Halliday John Watts Rich. Goddard Henry Rowe Edw. Holmden John More Robt. Hampton Roger Larke Humf. Weld Tho: Cambell Wm Craven Henry Anderson James Pemberton Jo: Swinarton, Sherriffe

No. 55.

Letter from King James I to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, in reply to the foregoing. Dated Newcastle, 11 April 1603.

Journal 26, fo. 80.

JAMES R.

Right trustie and welbeloved wee greet you well Althoughe before the Comeynge of yor Lettres and this gentleman sente unto us wee had wth greate Contentment by Comon reporte understood of your forwardnes in Joyninge wth ye nobillitie of this our Realme in the publishinge of oure righte to the succession of this Crowne. Yet weare wee not a little gladd to finde ye same confirmed by soe honeste and diutifull a testimonie thereof under yor owne handes and by ye speeche of a persone of soe greate truste wth you and chieflie that you are not lead into this devosion onlie by the undoubted belief of oure righte, but alsoe for ye assurance you have of oure zeale to ye preservacõn of Religion for that wee have alwaies accompted those accõns that aryse oute of religious groundes to be the beste founded. And as wee doubte not but that in that poynte we shall give you and ye reste of or people satisfaction. Soe maie you be assured that in all other thinges, wherein wee shall understande that anie breache or wronge hath bene done to ye liberties and priviledges of that or Cittie wee wilbe readie to restore whatsoever shalbe justelie expected of us as we have more at lardge spoken to this gentleman and will by oure actes when wee shalbe amongest you make knowne to yor selves esteeminge you worthie to be helde in noe lesse accompte of us then you have byne to anie of or progenitors whoe esteemed you moste. Given under or Signet at or Towne of Newcastle ye xjth daie of Aprill 1603 in ye firste yeare of or raigne of England.

No. 56.

Letter from the Lords of the Council to Sir Arthur Chichester, Deputy in Ireland, as to the course to be pursued with the City's Commissioners, appointed to view the Irish Estate. Dated Whitehall, 3 Aug., 1609.

Transcripts, &c., Irish Government (Public Record Office), Vol. I, fo. 500.

After or very harty comendacõns to yor Lp. we have written unto your Lp. and the Counsell there a letter wherein we have in generall recommended certaine cittizens appointed by the Citty of London to view the Derrye and Colrane and the cuntrie between them; And in this have thought it expedient to declare or minde somewhat more particulerly, because we shoulde be sorry that any endeavor or informacõn should be lacking that might either satisfie or encourage them For when we consider how slowly this busines hath yet gon forward since it was first intended, how fit & able the Citty is for a work of yt importaunce, of what good use their example wilbe to draw on others and lastly what reputacõn it will give both abroad and at home to ye action yt is like really to be effected we are moved to recommend them the more earnestly unto yor Lp. to take order that all occasions of discouragement may be prevented which som indiscreete persons may unprovidently suggest, if choice be not made of such to conduct and accompany them, who for their experience and understanding shalbe able both by discourse and reason to controule whatsoever any man shall reporte, either out of ignorance or mallice, and to give the undertakors satisfaccõn when they shalbe mistaken or not well informed of any particuler. For which purpose the conductors must have care to lead them by the best waies and to lodge them in their travaile, where if it be possible, they may have English entertainement in Englishmens howses. And howsoever we have had the opportunitye heere to lay the first hand upon this offer, and to make the project unto the Cittie thereby to drawe them on to entertaine the same for an entraunce into the business yet that it may be both begun and well followed we send the same here inclosed and must leave it to your lordship to perfect. Wherein we thinck it fit. That those yt be sent in their company be so well prepared before hand to confirme and strengthen every part thereof by demonstracõn as they may plainely apprehend & conceive the comodities to be of good use and profit; on the other side, that matters of distast as feare of the Irish, of the souldiers, cess and such like be not so much as named, seeing you knowe that discipline and order will easilie secure them. And if there be any thing conteyned in the Project, whether it be the Fishing, the Admiralty or any other particuler wch may serve for a motyve to enduce them; Although yor lordship or any other have interest therein yet you shall make no doubt but his Maty will have such consideracõn thereof that no man shalbe a looser in yt wch he shall parte wth for the furtheraunce of this service. And thus not doubting of yor Lps discreete carriadge of this busines yt cannot besides your generall dutie but be glad in your owne particuler to have so good neighbors to yor plantacõn we byd yor Lp. very hartely Farewell. From Whitehall the third of August 1609.

No. 57.

Letter from Speaker Lenthall to the Lord Mayor asking, on behalf of Parliament, for a City loan of £60,000. Dated Covent Garden, 15 Jan., 1640-1.

Journal 39, fo. 167.

My Lord,

The greate necessetie of supplyinge the Kinges Army and providinge for the Northen Counties without which the peace of the Kingdome wilbe much endangered is such that the Howse of Commons is inforced to thinke upon a more present way of raysinge moneyes then can bee effected in the Course of Subsidies. Whereupon they have directed mee to pray your Lorpp. to call a Comon Hall with as much speede as conveniently you may and to comend to the Cittizens of London the Loane of £60000 by such as shall freely and willingly contribute thereunto. Which they intende not as any burthen unto them, but as an occasion of further expressinge of theire good affeccõns to the publiq. Whereof they have soe often had experience and they will soe provide that the Sume now desired to bee lent shalbe truly repaide out of the Subsedies wth interest for the time it shalbe forborne wherein not doubtinge of yor Lopps Care in the best way you may to further this request for ye Comon safetie of the Kingdome and to receyve an answer as speedily as the bussines will permitte, ffrom my house in Covent Garden this instant 15th of Januarij 1640.

I rest Your Lopps. verie loveinge ffreind Wm Lenthall, Speaker.

No. 58.

Another letter from Speaker Lenthall on the same matter. Dated Covent Garden, 6 Feb., 1640-1.

_Id. ibid._

My Lord,

The present necessity requiringe the sume of £60000 for the good of the Kingdome to be advanced sooner then by way of subsidies it can be levied as hath bin formerly signified vnto yor Lorpp. by Aldran Pennington. The house hath commaunded me this day againe to intimate unto you their desire that wth the help of such Citizens as are willing to lend particuler sumes you will take such Course that £60000 may presently be paid into the Chamber of London that soe it may be disposed of as the house shall direct. Wherein not doubting of yor Lorpps care I rest from my house in the Coven garden the sixth of ffebruary 1640.

Yor Lorpps very loving freind Wm Lenthall, Speaker.

No. 59.

A third letter from Speaker Lenthall on the same matter. Dated Charing Cross, 19 Feb., 1640-1.

Journal 39, fo. 180.

My very good Lord and Gentlemen,

I have formerly by my lres directed by order of the house of Comons vnto yor Lorpp signified their desire to borrow of the City sixty thousand pounds for the presente supply of the Kings Army and releif of the Northern partes conceived to tend principally to the gen'all safety of the whole kingdome.

We could not but take notice of the forwardnes of the Citty to comply and albeit there hath bin some protraccõn, yet we now expect the expression of it in a speedie payment. I am therefore required by the house of Commons to desire yor Lopp forthwth to call a Comon Hall, and in that to signifie unto them our desires, Their former ingagement by promise and the expectacõn of the present performance the urgent and instant necessity of the Kingdome admitting of no delay wthout great hazard of insueing danger to us all wch we desire may be prevented.

We have taken care for the secure payment of this £60000 by the bill of subsidies already passed whereof I thought it fitt to Certifie yor Lorpp resting

Yor Loving faithfull friend to serve you Wm Lenthall, Speaker

from my house at Charing Crosse 19 ffebruarij 1640.

No. 60.

Letter from the Earl of Essex to the City desiring a loan of £100,000 for the maintenance of the Parliamentary army. Dated Northampton, 13 Sept. 1642.

Journal 40, fo. 38.

My lord and gentlemen I receaved so great expressions of affeccõn both to ye cause, and to myselfe from ye cittye of London at my departure from you, that I cannot dispaire but to obtayne any suite from you that shalbee an advantage to ye Comon wealth Upon a true judgment of ye condicõn of our affaires and of that of ye enemye, I am confident that wee may bringe this business to a quick and happy conclusion God doth blesse us wth so good successe dailey & the other parte by their plundring and burninge of townes and houses grow so odious, that they grow weaker wee stronger everywhere. Yet are wee in one great straight, and such a one as if it bee not speedily remedyed, may quash all our hopes, and endanger that peace, and libertie which wee so much strive for. Our treasure wch must maintayne ye army grows neere an ende, and you well know our army consists of such as cannot bee kept one day togeather wthout pay, what a ruine it would bringe uppon us all if a disbandinge should happen I leave to your judgments. My desire unto you is that you would supply us wth the speedy loane of one hundred thousand pounds which I am confident would wth Gods blessinge bringe these unhappy distraccõns to an ende quickly. Vour citty hath hitherto had ye honor (next to God) to bee the chiefest safetye of the Kingdome and Parlyament. This will render you to all posterity the ffinishers of this great worke. If any thinge of particuler love or respect to mee may bee any argument herein I shall take it for ye greatest honor that hath befalne mee and will oblige myselfe to acknowledge it by the utmost and most faithfull indeavors of your ffaithfull ffriend Essex. From the rendezvous att Northampton 13o Sept. 1642.

No. 61.

Letter from the Earl of Essex to the City on the appointment of Skippon to the rank of Sergeant-Major-General in the Parliamentary army. Dated Hammersmith, 16 Nov. [1642].

Journal 40, fo. 41b.

My lord and gentlemen. Havinge a due regarde both to the publique trust and to the good and wellfare of the cittye of London I have made choice of Serjeant Major Skippon to bee Serjeant Major Generall of the army under my comaund beinge well assured of his fidellïtye and abillity to discharge that trust. And yet knowinge of what concernement his present imployment in ye citty may be I have thought fitt to give your Lorpp and you gentlemen notice hereof wth this assurance that in this choice I have had a speciall regard as to the publique so particulerly to the securetye of the cittye of London. And that in it I do not intende wholy to deprive you of him but so as his service may be rendered usefull both to this armye and to your cittye whose good and wellfare I shall carefully provide for ye uttmost of my power and do rest your ffaithfull ffriend Essex. From my quarter at Hammersmith this 16th day of November 1642.

No. 62.

Resolution of the Common Council for putting the City and Suburbs into a posture of defence, 23 Feb. 1643.

Journal 40, fo. 52.

That a small fort conteyning one bulwark and halfe and a battery in the reare of the flanck be made at Gravell lane end. A horne worke wth two flanckers be placed at Whitechapell windmills. One redoubt wth two flanckers betwixt Whitechapell church and Shoreditch. Two redoubts with flanckers neere Shoreditch church wth a battery. At the windmill in Islington way, a battery and brestwork round about. A small redoubt neere Islington pound. A battery and brestwork on the hill neere Clarkenwell towards Hampstead way. Two batteries and a brestworke at Southampton house. One redoubt wth two flanckers by St Giles in the Feilds, another small work neere the turning. A quadrant forte wth fower halfe bulwarks crosse Tyborne high way at the second turning that goeth towards Westminster. At Hide parke corner a large forte wth flanckers on all sides. At the corner of the lord Gorings brick wall next the fields a redoubt and a battery where the court of Guard now is at the lower end of the lord Gorings wall, the brestwork to be made forwarder. In Tuttle feilds a battery brestworke, and the ditches to be scowred. That at the end of every street wch is left open to enter into the suburbs of this citty defenceable brestworkes be made or there already erected repayred wth turnepikes muskett proof, and that all the passages into the suburbs on the northside the river except five vizt. The way from St. James towards Charing Crosse, the upper end of Saint Giles in Holborne, the further end of St. John Street towards Islington Shoreditch church and Whitechappell be stopped up. That the courtes of guard and the rayles or barrs at the utmost partes of the freedome be made defensible and turnepikes placed there in lieu of the chaynes all muskett proof. And that all the shedds and buildings that joyne to the outside of the wall be taken downe. And that all the bulwarkes be fitted at the gates and walls soe that the flanckes of the wall and streets before the gates may be cleared and that the gates and bulwarks be furnished with ordnance.

No. 63.

Letter from the Mayor, &c., of Gloucester to the City of London, touching the removal of Colonel Massey. Dated 29 May 1645.

Journal 40, fo. 132.

When we were in suche distresse by a close seige, that our freindes held our condicõn desperate, and our enimies did assure themselves of prevailing over us; by Gods providence we had reasonable releif from your famous and ever renowned citie wch doth now embolden us to present unto you our present estate, which is in breife. That our heartes wth the heartes of the country in generall are surrounded wth feare and greife for the removall of Collonell Massey from us, whose endeavors amongst us God hath soe wonderfullie prospered. Wee represented our sadd sense thereof and our reasons in particuler by peticõn to the honoble houses of parliament, but such meanes was used by some for the accomplishment of their owne ends therein that our peticõn was not read in the howses. So that wee are like to be deprived of him, and thereby much distraccõn, if not confusion sorely threatned to us and this countrey, thereby to the encouragement of the enimy and discouragement of or friends. Therefore we doe humbly apply ourselves unto you desiring you to interpose for us to the Parliament for his contynuance wth us. Wherein you will not only doe us a singuler favour, but we are confident much further the publique service thereby, and which shalbe most gratefully acknowledged by

Your humble Servants Luke Nurse Maior [and seven others.] Gloucester 29 of May 1645.

No. 64.

Letter from the Mayor, &c., of Plymouth to the City of London, enclosing copy of petition to Parliament for relief against the depredations of the Royalists. Dated 5 Sept. 1645.

Journal 40, fo. 144b.

The greate zeale you have ever manifested for the good of the kingdome, and the forwardnes you shewed to contribute your assistance to us upon all occacõns doth imbolden us at this tyme of our extremity to beseech you to stretch out yor helping hand to us you know we have bin long beseiged, and we have often moved the Parliamt, the Committee of the West, and the Generall for releif, and all this summer it hath bin promised, but or hopes are hitherto frustrate. We have therefore sent the peticõn (whereof the enclosed is a copie) to Sir John Young and Mr. Waddon Burgesses for this towne, and indeed this is the last and only visible meanes that unde God is left us. We beseech you that you wilbe pleased to second our peticõn by your owne desires in our behalf. And wee shall not cease to pray for the contynuance of yor peace and encrease of all other blessings and rest

Yor most humble servants Justinian Pearde Maior [and four others.]

Plymouth at the Committee for Govermt, 5 Sept. 1645.

No. 65.

The City's petition to King Charles I in reply to His Majesty's letter of the 19th May 1646.

_Id._, fo. 187.

Most humbly acknowledging the speciall grace and favour of yor matie in condescending soe particulerly to communicate unto this city yor royall and pious resolucons to comply wth your Houses of Parliament for setling of truth and peace in this distracted kingdome signified by yor late gratious lettre of the 19th of May last to the representative body thereof. In wch as the petrs cannot but see the speciall hand of Almighty God soe they must and doe from the bottome of their hearts blesse his holy name that at length he hath opened such a dore of hope by enclyning your maties heart to looke downe upon the affliccõns of yor people and from thence take comfort to themselves that he will confirme and increase those good resolucons in yor matie.

As for this city the petrs esteeme it their duty now againe as they have formerly done to declare unto yor royall matie and the whole world, that, according to their Protestacõn and Covenant they have alwayes, and doe still reteyne the same loyall thoughts towards yor matie as ever and as becometh subiects to doe from which they shall never recede.

And as next unto the good guidance of Almighty God they doe humbly comitt and submitt the meanes and maner of their future peace and happines unto yor mats great and faithfull Councell the two Houses of Parliament.

So they shall contynue their instant prayers to the Throne of all Grace to dispose yor maties royall heart to comply with such proposicõns as from them shalbe represented unto yor maty for the settlement of true religion and peace in all yor kingdomes and the mainteynance of the union betweene the two nations. And then the petrs shall not doubt but yor matie (wch is their earnest prayer) will with honor and joy returne unto this yor antient city, and that yor throne shall in yor royall selfe and your posterity be established in all yor kingdomes to the great honour of yor matie and to the comfort of all yor good subiects amongst whome the peticõnrs shall alwayes strive to approve themselves inferiour to none in loyalty and obedience.

And as in dutie bound shall pray &c.

No. 66.

Letter from Fairfax and the Council of War to the Commissioners of the City of London forbidding further enlistments. Dated 14 June, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 222.

Being informed that divers souldiers are daily listed under officrs, in and about the cities of London and Westmr, and parts thereto adiacent, besids the trayned bands and usuall auxiliaries. We strongly apprehend that (notwithstanding all your desires and labour of peace) the kingdome is like to be precipitate by some persons into a new warr. Therefore (before we can answere that part of yor cities lettre to remove to 30 miles distance from London) we desire the citie would use their indeavors, to prevent all such listings, and therein deale soe effectually as that nothing be for future done towards such listinge or raising any forces, and those already raised may be forthwith discharged. But if this cannot be done, we shalbe forced by an unwilling necessitie to apply our indeavors to breake all designes of that kinde. And therein we hope to receive the concurrance of yor citie, professing, we have nothing else in our eye, but yors our owne, and this poore kingdomes good and quiett.

Hereof we desire to here speedily from you, but so from time to tyme, as oft as may be, which we shall owne as a seale of that reciprocall love, wch the cities lettre purports to this army, and shall on our part be most earnestly endeavoured to be maynteyned.

June 14th 1647.

No. 67.

Letter from the same to the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council of the City, touching the removal of the army and the safety of the King's person. Dated St. Albans, 15 June, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 222b.

We are very glad our lettre from Royston of the tenth of this instant June had soe good a recepcõn wth you: whereof you have given us assurance by yor lettre of the twelfth of this instant,[852] and by those worthy aldermen and others the members of yor citie whome you sent unto us, to whose hands we yesterday returned such answere (to that part of yor lettre for our removal to thirty miles distant from London) as the present exigence of affaires could possibly admitt. To wch we add this sincere assurance that soe soone as we shall receive the next resolucõn from the Parliament in relacõn to the proceedings upon the papers nowe given in unto them (whereof likewise yor comissioners have received a coppie from us). We shall then imediately give you such further answere and satisfaccõn to that particuler, as the nature of those results will permitt, wth respect only had to the necessary prosecution of those pressing concernements of the kingdome, comprized in those papers (whereunto) (for) the iustnes and reasonablenes of our desires, and their consistance wth the true honour, iust power and priviledges of parliament, the liberty of the subiect and safety of yor citie and kingdome we do referr you.

As to yor desire (expressed in the instruccõns to yor comissioners) of or care for the safetie of his maties person, while amongst us. We had upon his first comeing into our quarters assigned, and have since contynued in attendance about his maty, a guard of two regimts of horse, of as faithfull men, and under as trustie a commaund as this army doth affoard, neyther shall our future care be wantinge in any further provision necessary for the safetie of his royall person. And nowe we cannott but take notice, as of the past, most free and forward ingagemts of yor famous citie in the same cause, wch we are now desiring to see a period to, and accomplishment of, soe of yor contynued readines to close wth us in our iust and necessary desires to the same ends: as alsoe of yor present professed averssenesse to ingage in any thing that may tend to any further warr or distraccõn in this kingdome. For all wch we cannott but returne (after our praises to God) thankes to you and yor citty. And we assure you that the sence thereof hath a deep impression in our spiritts to find (as we doe hitherto) the hand of God working all mens hearts to go cleere, and unanimous concurrence wth our owne, in our desires for the present setling and securing the rights liberties and peace of the kingdome, beyond wch we have noe aymes or ends of our owne.

St. Albans June 15th 1647.

No. 68.

The City's reply to the two preceding letters. Dated 18 June 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 224b.

Yor answere of the 14th and lettre dated the 15th of this instant June, wth copies of the papers given into the Parliamt we the maior aldermen and commons in common councell assembled have received and perused, and by our committee we have ben further informed of them, and of yor many seasonable expressions of the reallity of yor intencõns to promote the peace and welfare of the Parliamt and kingdome, and in particuler of this city, wch how acceptable it is to us will best appeare by our proceedings thereupon.

We take it very kindely that though you were informed divers souldiers were daily listed under officrs in and about the Cities of London and Westmr and parts thereto adiacent, besides the trayned bands and usuall auxiliaries, yet you conceived (and that most truly) it was wthout the privity or consent of this Court, and did not suspect the sincerity of our heartes in what by or last was represented unto you, wherein for yor further satisfaccõn be pleased to take notice that since the returne of our comittee from St. Albans, yor said answere and lettre and a narrative of the severall passages twixt you and our committee, and yor desire that the citie should use their indeavor to prevent all such listings and therein deale soe effectually, as that nothing be for the future done towards such listings or raising any forces, and that those already raised might be forthwth discharged: and the resolucõn of this court, and the Committee of the Militia of this city and parts adiacent upon the whole being all by our direccõn made knowne to both Houses of Parliamt they were pleased to make severall votes thereupon; whereunto (as to those thinges) we desire to be referred.

By all which we hope the great desire of this court and citie to cherish a right understanding and keep a good correspondence twixt yor Excellencie yor Councell of Warr, Armie and this Citie will evidently appeare, and shortly draw from you a more full answere satisfaccõn and assurance, that your army shall noe way preiudice the Parliament (whose power and priviledges are the principall meanes to preserve the liberties of the subiects of this kingdom) nor this Citie (who have lost soe much blood and spent soe much treasure in defence thereof) and in order thereunto that it shalbe forthwith removed to, and contynued at a further distance from London.

London 18 of June 1647.

No. 69.

Letter from Fairfax to the City acknowledging receipt of letter of the 18th June. Dated St. Albans, 21 and 22 June, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 225b.

Wee received yors of the eighteenth of this instant, whereof though all passages were not soe answearable to our expectacõn as wee hoped yet we apprehend the same good affeccõn in you towards this armie as was expressed in yor former letter. And that not onelie from the assureance of the worthy gentlemen, (yor comissioners) againe sent to us, But alsoe from that informacõn we have received of yor extraordinarie indeavors, to procure monie for the armie; To prevent further raysinge or listinge of souldiers and to procure those alreadie listed to be disbanded, (some persons of yor militia onelie, haveinge bin active for the raysinge of them without yor privitie). As likewise from that letter (fild with respecte) which you prepared and intended to us, And beinge sent to the Parliament was obstructed by some persons, who (labouringe to imbroyle the kingdome in a new warre) would not have the fforces alreadie raised to be disbanded who excepted against yor discoverie to the House, That some persons onelie of the militia had ioyned in the raysinge of the new forces, who alsoe would prevent a right understandinge betweene yor cittie, and this armie, knowinge a firme corrospondence betweene them would make the designes of all such men hopeles, And though our takinge notice of these thinges seemes not regular, yet beinge soe publiquelie done, we thought fitt to mind you of them.

Now although wee have confidence of the reall and cleare intentions of yor lorpp and aldren, and the commons of yor cittie to promote the peace of this kingdome, and the iust desires of this armie, alsoe to prevent all tendencies to a new warre, or anie further blood, and therefore hold our selves obliged to yeeld all possible compliance to what you desire of us, yet addinge to the former grounds the manie informacõns which daylie come to us of the continued underhand workings of some persons still to list men, that divers agents are sent into severall parts of the kingdome to leavie forces and Worcester the place appointed for a generall randezvouz, whither the fforces designed for Ireland (that were parte of this armie) are by some of the committee at Darbie House[853] ordered to march: And severall of those companies who went out from us for the service of Ireland, havinge it intimated to them, and by divers carriages perceiveinge they were intended a foundacõn for a new armie and a new warre, they so much abhorred the thoughts of it as both the officers and souldiers of divers companies are of late entirelie returned to us: likewise that noe meanes is lefte unattempted to bringe in fforces from Ireland, France and Scotland against the peace of this poore kingdome.

Wee (upon the whole matter) offer to yours, and all mens consideracõns, whether with yors ours or the publique safetie we can remove further backward, untill upon yor and our ioynt indeavors with the Parliament, those things of imediate and pressinge necessitie be provided for, which wee desired in our paper last given in to the Parliamts Comissioners in order to the better proceedinge upon the heads of the Representacõn and Charge, with more hopes of safetie, and of a timelie and happie issue to our selves, and the kingdome (vizt.) That the persons impeached by us may not continue in power and capacitie to obstructe due proceedings against themselves; And for their owne escape from justice to threaten ruine to the whole nation.

That all fforces latelie raised or listed in or aboute the cittie may be forthwith discharged except the usuall nomber of trained bands and auxiliaries and that all endeavors publiquely or privatlie to rayse anie further forces may cease and be supprest.

And that the same measure maybe allowed to this armie in payinge them upp to the same ffoote of accompte as is alreadie given to those who have diserted the same.

And for the things exprest in our Representation though of weightie importance yet because they will require time they shalbe noe occasion to impead our remove, and in the meantime both by Proclamacõn from his Excellencie and all other waves wee shall indeavor, that the accustomed supplies to yor cittie may be freelie sent up.

To conclude, wee say from or hearts that as oure espetiall ends are the glorie of God, and the good of this whole land, soe our indeavors shalbe to prosecute the same without preiudice to the beinge or welbeinge of Parliaments in generall, (the mayntenance whereof wee value above our owne lives) or (as wee have formerlie said) of this Parliament in particular, but altogeather in order to the good and peace of this nation, and with a most tender regard to yor cittie to which wee professe we shall by all actions make good all ingagements tending to the securitie thereof in what way yorselves shall desire consistinge with the good of the whole kingdome you makeinge good your mutuall correspondencie with us not doeing anie thinge to our preiudice in the prosecucõn of our iust desires, and endeavors.

St. Albans June 21, 1647.

Wee heare (even now) since the writinge of this letter, that (yesterday) divers of the Reformadoes came againe (in a threatninge manner) to Westmr the house of Commons then sittinge to the greate affrightment and terror of divers faithfull members then present, and to discouragement of others from their attendance there, soe that we cannot but perceive, that the freedome of this Parliament is noe better then that those members who shall accordinge to their consciences endeavor to prevent a second warre, and acte contrarie to their wayes, who, (for their own preservacõn) intend it they must do it with the hazard of their lives: which indeed is a thinge soe destructive to Parliaments and freedome that we conceive our selves in dutie bound, to endeavor to the utmost to procure redresse therein.

June 22th 1647.

No. 70.

Letter from the City to Fairfax in reply to recent letters and informing him that Commissioners had been despatched to remain with the army at head-quarters. Dated 25 June, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 229b.

We the maior aldermen and commons in common councell assembled having received yors to us of the 21th and 22th and yor excellencies to our committee of the 23th instant wth a coppie of a Remonstrance directed to the Parliamt, did send three of that nomber yesterday to acquaint you wth our resolucons thereupon, since wch we have caused coppies of those lettres to be presented to both Houses, desiring their direccõn concerning the resideing of some of that committee continually wth you in the head quarter, and that according to yor former requests the Reformadoes and other officrs and souldiers raised for the service of the Parliamt might be required forthwith to repaire into their severall counties there to receive such satisfaccõn as is or shalbe appointed by Parliament, and that if any souldiers be listed uppon the votes of the committee of Lords and Commons, and committee of the militia that they may be forthwth discharged whereupon severall votes were made, unto which we desire to be referred.

We have also taken those lettres wth another received from those we sent yesterday and copie of a lettre dated the 24th instant delivered to the Commrs of Parliamt, and yors of the 25th instant into further consideracõn thereby observing the constancie of yor expressions to doe nothing in preiudice either of the Parliamt or the citie, and of your purpose by proclamacõn and otherwise to indeavour that the accustomed supplies of this citie may be freely sent upp. All which we do with due thankfulnes acknowledge, And to performe a right understanding with you we have appointed the said committee, or six of them at the least continually to reside in yor Head quarter, and do intend to make it our further request to the Parliamt that whoever have or shall endeavour to raise any forces to ingage this kingdome in a new warr, may be discovered and prevented therein, and that you may receive satisfaccõn equall to those that have left the armie, soe soon as it is possible for the Parliamt to performe the same, believing upon the assurance you have given us that yor speciall ends are the glory of God the good of this whole land, and the safety of Parliamt and citie. To conclude the neare approach of yor armie to this citie causeth us once more to desire you to take it into yor most serious consideracõn, for albeit you do not come to offer any violence to us, yet wee have and shall suffer very much in our trade and price of victualls by reason thereof, wch we hope you wilbe so sencible of as to prevent it in the future by removing further of, and by takeing such a course that we may receive no further preiudice either in thone or thother, wch is our earnest desires, and that in yor indeavors to save the kingdome from ruine, you doe not overthrow the fundamentall constitucõn of Parliamt wch is essentiall to the well being thereof.

London 25 June 1647.

No. 71.

Letter from Fairfax to the City notifying the removal of the army to Uxbridge. Dated Berkhamstead, 25 June, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 230.

Wee have in all things dealt cleerly and plainely wth you, and hope wee shall still continue to doe so. As soone as the worthy alderman and the other two gents yor comrs came the last night to us, we acquainted them wth our purpose to draw the head quarter to Uxbridg That soe we might contract our quarters wch have hitherto lyen scattered. At which place we hope to receive that wch wilbe satisfaccõn to the kingdome and will remove obstruccõns out of the way of justice, wherein if right were done, wee should let you and all the world see that we would be soe farr from pressing neere yor citie of London, it should be indifferent to us to march not only to the distance already prescribed, but to any part of the kingdome we should be commanded to by the Parliament. Wee have asked nothinge hitherto but right in the things that are knowne, as if they were proved an hundred times before them from whome wee have sought them, wch if graunted would not only be a justice to the armie, but would lett the kingdome see the ffountayne in a way to be cleered without wch nothing of force or power would be a securitie to any man. We wish the name of priviledges may not be in the ballance wth the safetie of a kingdome, and the reality of doing justice, wch as we have said too often, we cannot expect whilest the persons we had accused are the kingdomes and our judges. A little delay will indanger the putting the kingdome into blood, notwithstanding what hath bin said, if it be considered that in Wales (besides underhand workings in yor citie) and other places men are raised and that in noe small nombres. And are not those men in the Parliamt who have contynued faithfull to the principles of common interest from the beginning of the Parliamt to this very day still awed by the concourse of Reformadoe officrs and others to their doores. Expence of time will be their advantage only who intend to bring evill purposes to passe. We have written this to you for yor satisfaccõn that soe nothinge may be done without giving you a perfect account of our intencõns and ends. And still to contynue our assurance to you, that should necessity bring us neerer to the citty our former faith given you shall be observed inviolably, there being nothing more (next the good of the kingdome) in our thoughts and desires than the prosperitie of yor citty.

Barkhamsteed June 25 1647.

No. 72.

Letter from Fairfax to the City enclosing copy of proposals forwarded to Parliament from the army. Dated Reading, 8 July, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 234.

My Lord and Gentlemen

To the end we may contynue a right understanding betweene you and us all along in the manadgmt of this great busines, wth the Parliamt (the happie proceeding whereof so much concernes the safety and peace of this Kingdome.) We have given yor Commissionrs this day, the copie of a paper wch we presented to the Commissioners of Parliamt residing wth us. Wherein we take notice of the true reasons of the slowe progresse in the Treaty, and declare where the stoppe remains. And to the end that nothing be wanting in us wch might work towards the speedy settlemt of the quiett of this Kingdome, wee have humbly offered what we conceive will most effectually tend to remove those incombrances and lettes, wch stand betwixt us, and this universall good to the Kingdome; and till that be done, it cannot be expected that we should procure the peace of this nation by a Treatie, but rather give occacõn and opportunity thereby to others to ingage us in a second warr, wch must necessarily hazard the ruine of this Kingdome, as also ascertayne the destruccõn of Ireland, the relief whereof we should most effectually apply unto, were the affaires of England, but once put into a hopefull way. It is a sound and substantiall settlement of the whole we desire, in a generall safe and well grounded peace, and the establishmt of such lawes, as might duly and readily render to every man their iust rights and liberties: And for obteyning of theis, not only our intencõns have lead us, but we thinke that all the blood, treasure, and labour spent in this warr was for the accomplishmt of theis very things, wch are of that concernemt both to our selfs and posterity, that neither we nor they cane live comfortably without them. And thereof we hope yor selfes will have the same sence, and therefore improve your interest for the obtayning of our iust desires in the proposalls now sent to the Parliamt, wch being graunted, and we secured from the danger of a warr, we shall proceed wth cheerfulness to the Treaty; and doubt not in a short time to see a happy conclusion to the satifaccõn of all honest mens expectacõns: And that in all our undertakeings we shalbe found men of truith, fully and singly answering the things we have held forth to the Kingdome in our severall declaracõns and papers, without bye or base respects to any private ends or interests whatsoever.

July 8th 1647 Readinge.

No. 73.

Letter from the City to Fairfax, deprecating any attempt to intermeddle with the liberties or privileges of the City. Dated 28 July, 1647.

Journal 40, fo. 242b.

Our Committee being all returned from the Army contrary to or expectacõn we are yet well satisfied therewth, because, that it was at your request. They have communicated unto us severall papers from you dated on and betweene the 17th and 23th present, by one whereof, being a lettre to this Court, we take notice of the sence the army hath of a printed paper wch had come to their hands out of the Citie, and have perused the same, but in regard the originall hath not bin yet presented to this Court, it is not thought fitt to declare our sence thereupon, but we esteeme it our duty to rest in that wch both Houses of Parliamt have resolved, upon consideracõn of this paper, wch we conceave also wilbe sufficient to stopp the further proceeding thereof. But truly we cannot conceale from yor Excie that (forasmuch as we can collect) this paper was occasioned from intelligence wch came from the army, that there was some intencõn there, to move the Parliament for the change of the Militia of this Citie, and we doubt not but you have heard what great distemper the alteracõn wch the Parliamt made of our Militia upon yor desire did lately produce in this Citie, wch being now againe upon our humble peticõn put into the same hands it was, at the tyme the mocõn came from you, we hope all things are well appeased and setled. And we are confident it cannot be offensive unto the armie, if we desire them not to intermeddle wth any the Liberties or Priviledges of this Citie or interpose in the point of our Militia, but that wee may enioy that trust quietly wch wee shall assure you we shall take care shalbe managed to no other end but for the Parliamts and our owne defence, and shall give no iust provocacõn to any person whatsoever. We shall conclude wth this profession that we shall alwayes detest all occasions of a new warr, and we are not conscious to ourselves, that any thing that hath passed in this business can deserve the expressions of yor lettre, as if it were probable to involve the whole Kingdome in bloud, or that it must necessarily begin within our bowells or draw the seat and misery of warr upon us and our Citie. For all other thinges we referr you to our Committees.

London 28 July 1647.

No. 74.

Minutes of Common Council touching a recent disturbance of soldiers in the City; 11 April, 1648.

Journal 40, fo. 267.

Att this common Councell Mr. Aldran Fowkes and Mr. Aldran Gibbs (by direccons of the comitte of the milicia for London) did make a large relacõn of the greate tumult insurreccõn and mutinie which happened in this Citty on the last Lords day and on Monday last by many evill disposed persons wch first began on the Lords day in the afternoone in the Countie of Middlesex. Where they seazed the colours of one of the trayned bands of the said countie who were there imployed for the suppressing of such persons as did prophane the Lords day And being dispersed by some of the genãlls forces did gather togeather within the citty of London and Libties thereof And in a riotous manner did breake open divers houses and magazens of armes and amunicõn and tooke away armes plate money and other things And did seaze vpon the drums of the trayned bands of this Citty which were beating to raise their companies and armed themselves and beate vp drums and putt themselves in a warlike posture And seazed vpon the gates chaynes and watches of the Citty and then marched to the Lord Maiors house and there assaulted the Lord maior sheriffs comitte of the milicia of London and other magestrates of the same And did shoote into the Lord maiors house beat backe his guard killed one of them wounded divers others and seazed and tooke away a peece of ordinance from thence with which they did afterwards slay and wound divers persons and comitted many other outrages All which matters being largely debated and many particulars insisted vpon both for the discovery and punishment of the said outrages and misdemeanours and alsoe for the preventing of the Like for tyme to come It was at the last concluded and agreed by this common Councell as followeth, ffirst this common Councell do generally conceive that this Citty was in great danger by Reason of the said outrages and misdemeanours And that if the same had not bine soe tymely prevented and stayed the whole citty would have benn exposed to the fury and rage of the said malefactors And this comon Councell doth declare that the same misdemeanor and outrage was an horrid and detestable Acte tending to the destruccõn of the Citty and that they do disavow the same and with an vtter detestacõn doe declare their dislike therof And this common Councell doe appoint the comitte of the milicia of London to make the same knowne to the honãble houses of Parliament And alsoe to make an humble request vnto them that an order may be issued forth from them to the sevãll ministers of this citty and the places adiacent that they may be directed to give publique thankes to Almighty God the author of this greate and wonderfull delivãnce from that eminent danger wherein this Citty and parts adiacent were involved And further the said comittee was appointed by this court to apply themselves to the honãble houses of Parliament for the obteyning of a speciall Comission of Oyer and Terminer for the trying and punishing of all the malefactors that had a hand in this detestable accõn according to the knowne Lawes of this land And this court with thankfull harts doe acknowledge the instruments (vnder God) by wch they obteyned this delivãnce to be by the forces raised and continewed by the Parliament vnder the command of his excellency the Lord Genãll Fairefax And to manifest the same this common Councell doe alsoe order that the said comitte of the millitia in the name of the Citty as a thing agreed vpon by an vnamious Consent shall returne their harty thankes to his excellency for his speedy and seasonable aide afforded the Citty in this their greate straight and danger And this court with a genãll consent doe well approve of the endeavours of the said comitte of the milicia for London for the raising of the forces of the Citty And in their procuring of the said Ayde and helpe from his excellency in this extreamity and what els they have doun for the appeasing and suppressing of the said tumults And this courte doe give thankes to the said comitte of the millicia for their care and paines taken by them taken vpon this sadd occasion And they doe appointe Mr. Adran Fowkes to declare the same their thankes to such of the said comitte as are not of this Court And this Court doth alsoe with all thankfulnes acknowledge the paines and care of the right honãble the Lord Maior and the right Worshiplull the Sheriffs of the Citty therin And this court doe genãlly declare that it is the duty of every Citizen of this Citty by himselfe & all that doe belong vnto him or is vnder his comand to be ready vpon all occasions to be ayding and assisting vnto the Lord Maior and the rest of the magistrates of this Citty for the suppressing of all tumults and disorders within the same And the sevãll persons now present att this comon councell by the holding vp of their hands have promised that for the tyme to come they will vse their vtmost endeavours and be ready vpon all occasions to doe the same.

Vpon the late sadd occasion which happened by reason of the tumult and insurreccõn that was within this Citty and places adjacent this courte entred into consideracõn of some meanes to be vsed and prepared to prevent and suppres the Like for the future And to that purpose it was propounded that the number of 100 horses might be in readinesse within this Citty furnished with all things fitting for service to be drawe forth vpon any occasion by the Comand of ... for the tyme being for the suppressing of any tumult or other disorder as occasion should require And after some debate had thervpon it was genãlly conceived that the proposicõn was fitt to be entertained And to that purpose itt was thought fitt and soe ordered by the courte that the Comitte of the milicia for London shall consider how the said horses shalbe raised and the charge therof And how they shalbe kepte maintained and disposed of for the service of the Citty And of all other matters and circumstances concerning the same And to report to the next common councell in writing their opinions therin That soe this courte vpon their report may doe thervpon what they they shall think fitt and may be best for the good and saftie of this Citty.

No. 75.

Letter from Fairfax to Skippon upon his re-appointment to the command of the City's forces. Dated Windsor, 10 May, 1648.

Journal 40, fo. 275.

I received yours and understand by severall gentlemen of the millitia of London how much you are desired and importuned to accepte of the comand of the forces in and aboute the cittie of London. I must needs say I cannot but be sorrey to parte with one who hath upon all occasions doun such good service for the Parliament and Kingdome. But my private respects ought to give place unto the publique And since it is so generally desired by the cittie and severall millitia, I cannot but be glad they have made soe good a choice and hope it will tend to the furtherance of union and good agreamt for the advantage of the Parliament, Cittie and Kingdome. The consequences whereof I apprehend to be such that I cannot but denie my selfe and frely leave you to your selfe and doe disingage you from any tye to my selfe or the army under my comand in case you accepte of the aforesaid comand in the cittie Wishing you much hapiness in your undertakings I remayne &c.

Windsor 10th May, 1648.

No. 76.

A narrative of the proceedings of the Court of Common Council held in Guildhall, London, the 13th of January, 1648-9, presented by order of the Court to the House of Commons.

Journal 40, fo. 314.

A common councell beinge lawfully summoned to meete at eight of the clocke in the morneinge upon the day above written, Wee commoners of the citty of London members of the said courte in obedience to the said summons and for discharge of the trust reposed in us made our appearance att the vsuall place of meetinge for the saide courte about the time appointed. Aboute eleaven of the clocke the Lord Maior accompanied onely with two of the Aldermen tooke the chayre Wee then desireinge the lord mayor that the acts of the last courte might be reade accordinge to the vsuall course of the saide courte and for the further confirmacõn of the said acts could not obteyne the same (though earnestly desired) for above an howres space after which some members of the said courte (being parte of a committee formerly chosen by the said courte) tendered a peticõn therevnto to bee reade, and considered of which peticõn (beinge the same now presented to this honoble House) was drawne vpp by them in referrence to an order of the said courte and received the approbacõn of the major parte of the quorum of that comittee and though itt was often and earnestly prest for a long time by the major parte of the courte that it might be reade to receive the sence of the courte, yett the Lord Maior wholly refused to suffer the same or that the question should be putt whether it should be reade yea or noe After the fruitelesse expence of many howres another question beinge drawne vpp the major parte of the courte required itt to be putt, to be putt [_sic_] to be decided according to the right and custome of the courte and beinge denyed therein declared how vnjust and of what a destructive nature to the beinge of the courte such a denyall would bee yet notwithstandinge the Lord Maior with the two Aldermen departed and lefte the courte sittinge to the greate greife and generall dissatisfaccõn of the same Beinge thus deprived of our ordinary assistance for our proceedings, wee did then require and command the Common Serjeant and Towne Clarke officers of the said courte to stay in the courte and putt the question both which they contemptuously refused and lefte the courte sittinge likewise Wherevpon in discharge of our trust and in our tender care of the common good of Citty and Kingdome Wee did stay and remaine a courte wherein was thrice reade debated and voted (_nemine contradicente_) the peticõn hereunto annexed to be as this day presented to this honoble Howse.

Havinge given this honoble Howse this breife, but true, narrative of parte of our sufferings for eight howres at least In the breadth (as wee conceive) of our vndoubted rights & priviledges and conceiveinge the like obstruccõns would render our meetings in councell altogether fruitlesse for publiq benefitte and service for the future Wee are forced to appeale vnto this honoble Howse for such consideracõns hereof and direccons herein, as may make the commons of London in common councell assembled vsefull to the ends for which they were chosen.

No. 77.

Letter from the Council of State to the Mayor and Aldermen of the City for defacing statues of James I and Charles I. Dated Whitehall, 31 July, 1650.

Repertory 60, fo. 213.

My Lord and Gentlemen.

In pursuance of an Order of Parliament wee desire you forthwith to give order that ye two Statues that Stand at ye west end of Paules above ye worke borne up by ye Columnes sett upp to represent King James and the late King may forthwith bee throwne downe. Alsoe yt ye head of that Statue at ye Exchainge sett there to represent ye late King be broaken off, and ye Septer broaken out of his hand And this inscripcon put upp by it _Exit Tyrannus Regum ultimus Anno Libertatis Angliæ restitutæ primo Annoque Domini 1648 Januarij 30º_ And yow are alsoe to take care that ye inscripcon under those Statues at Paules be cutt out of ye stones and that this be doune before Saturday the tenth of August next and yt ye Councell bee then certified of your proceedings therein.

Signed in ye name and by order of ye Councell of State appointed by Authority of Parliament Jo: Bradshawe P'sidt.

Whitehall 31 July 1650.

No. 78.

Another letter from the same ordering the entire removal of the statue of Charles I at the Royal Exchange. Dated Whitehall, 14 Aug., 1650.

_Id._, fo. 220b.

My Lord and Gentlemen

By a lre from ye Councell beareing Date ye 31th of July last order was given for ye throwing downe of the two Statues at ye west end of Paules & likewise for ye takeing of ye head & Septer out of ye hand of yt wch stood at ye Exchainge in Lond wch according to ye desire of the Councell Wee understand is put into Execucõn. Since which the Councell haveing taken yt matter into further consideracõn they have thought fit to order that that ye whole of what is remayneing of ye Statue of ye late Kinge at ye Exchainge be taken downe and that ye Inscripcõn which was ordered to be placed neere unto it be now written in ye place wher ye said Statue did stand.

Signed in ye name & by ordr of yr Councell of State appoynted by Authoritye of Parliamt Jo: Bradshawe Prsidt.

Whitehall 14th of August 1650.

No. 79.

Letter from the Council of State to the City for removal of ordnance to the Tower. Dated Whitehall, 19 Nov., 1653.

Journal 41, fo. 90b.

The Councell of State have considered that there are severall great guns belonging to the Citie of London which are now remayning at Leadenhall, and severall other partes of the Cittie, and for the better secureinge thereof have thought fitt that the Lt of the Tower should draw them in thither on Tuesday next, wherein yor Lordship is desired to give yor assistance, and to cause the same to be delivered accordingly takeinge a receipt from the officers of the Ordnance by an inventory indented conteyning the numbers and quallities. And the Councell doth hereby declare, and give yor Lordship assurance that this is not at all intended as a disrespect to the Citty, or in prejudice to their interest in the said guns, but in order to their safeguard, and to be returned back to the Citty when they shall have occasion for them and desire them.

Whitehall 19th November 1653.

No. 80.

The City's humble Petition and Representation to the Lord Protector promising to stand by him against the enemies of the Nation; 16 March, 1657-8.

_Id._, fo. 170b.

Sheweth

That the peticoners are deepely sensible of the manie mercies & signall providences that these three nations have received from Almightie God in subduing his and their Enemyes in the times of our late warres, in which it pleased our wise and Gratious God to vse your highnes as the most speciall & eminent Instrument in his hand as chosen out and fitted by him for those great & subsequent workes by which his name mightbe Glorifyed, the three Nations & in speciall his owne people therein protected and preserved from their enemies att home & abroad. And not only soe, but the Continued goodnes of god hath followed vs in soe much that after a sharpe & bloody warre seuãll yeares together, for some yeares last past those cloudes have bine brooken, and the Sun of peace hath shined vppon vs with a great measure of hope putt into our harts of a happie lasting & well grounded forme of goverment, according to the peticõn and advice of the late Parliamt consented to by your highnes for which wee doe as in duty bound blesse the Lord and desire a long and happie continuance of the same. But yet your peticoners taking notice from your Hignes late gracious speech to them that the old restles enemy is reviving his almost dead hopes of prevailing to execute his wrath and malice against god your highnes & the good & peacefull people of the three Nations, partly from the discontents of a Brain sicke party at home and especially from the aides of the popish inveterate enemy abroad and have laid designes to themselves hopefull, by insurreccons from within and invasions from without vs to raise newe troubles & kindle the flames of warre againe amongst vs, by which to change our Government & therein ruine the three Nations. The premisses considered the peticoners do professe vnto all both frinds and Enemyes. That we shall vppon our antient principales of love & fidelitie to God your Highnes & the good people in the three nations with all readines oppose this enemy to the vtmost with our lives & fortunes.

And therefore we doe most humbly pray that your highnes will please with all cheerefulnes as supreme Maiestrate to God & in the Goverment of these three Nations for preservacõn of religion the lawes libties peace & safety thereof. And as your peticoners doe blesse God for you soe they shall (as in duty bound) faithfully and constantly in their seuãll places not only yeild obedience to you therein but bee Enemyes to yours & the Nations Enemyes, and freinds to yours & the Nations friends.

And ever pray &c.

No. 81.

Letter from Sir John Langham to the Court of Aldermen, declining to resume the Aldermanry from which he had been deposed by Parliament, on the score of ill-health. Dated Crosby House, 18 Sept., 1660.

Remembrancia ix, 8.

My Lord & Gentlemen,

By a copy of a vote of Common Councill held ye 4th of September present (wch was left at my house) I find my selfe declared to bee an Aldran of London, & invited to ye execucõn of that place. The knowledge of my vnfitness for yt imploymt by reason of my great age of 77 yeares, & those infirmities yt accompany it, did soon put me upon ye resolucõn of getting my discharge from it. But ye death of my eldest sonn's wife & child, did overwhelme me as well as him wth that greife, wch permitted not my goeing abroad untill the last Thursday, when I hoped to have found at Guildhall a full court of Aldren. But those expectacõns failing me, I forbore ye declaring my Intencõns & desires then. And being this day upon my retreat into the Country for the necessary refreshmt of my selfe & sonn I thought it my duty to acquaint yor Lordp: & this Court wth my Condicon & most earnest Request. I have now beene laid aside about 12 yeares; The Rump Parliamt haveing first imprisoned me in ye Tower (ye 24th of 7ber 1647), cheifly (as was conceived) to prevent my being chosen Lord Mayor the Michãs following, where I remain'd vntill the 6th of the next June, when I was enlarged wth out so much as Peticõning. But afterwards to satisfye ye Ambicõn of some that had a mind to bee in our seats, Sr John Gayre, Aldran Adams, my selfe & Bror Bunce, by a resolve of that Remain of a House of Commons that presumed to sitt as a Parliamt, were disenabled & discharged from being Aldren, & others chosen in our steds. Notwthstanding wch displeasure of those who usurped the Government & my being out of their sight, in ye Country, ye Citty retained those kind remembrances of me & my sufferings as to choose me 2ce one of their Burgesses, in those Convencõns, wch wee called then Parliamts wch as they are argumts that I enjoyed their favour, so they are Reasons that I take not ill wt this Court, or ye Common Councill complyed in agt my Right, out of a feare of those who had made themselves Masters of the Three Kingdomes as well as this Citty: And that sense of my duty wch made me accept of serving this Citty (where God hath blest me) when called to it, & continue in that service whilst permitted, would now alsoe command my returne to the executing of my place, as an Aldran, upon that Invitacõn I have recd, did not my finding and dayly discovering my disabilityes perswade me that you in Justice ought not to require, what I out of Conscience ought not to accept, ffor, both my age hath a legall excuse from the troubles of Magistracy, & yor affaires need that presentness of parts, wch a life so much worne out as mine is, cannot afford. I doubt not but I might have obteyned my discharge elswhere, but because yor Lordp & this Court, are those to whome ye membrs of it especially are to betake themselves I thought it unbecoming me so farr to despair of yor Justice & ffavour, as to look for it in any other place. Wherefore, I make it my importunate request to your Lordp & this Honble Court, that I may be discharged, for ever, from being an Aldran, & part of that tyme that yet remaines of my life shall be spent in prayrs for the happiness & flourishing of this Renowned Citty And when I shall have yor dismission into yt privacy, wherein I may vndisturbedly prepare for the other & better world I am hasting into, I shall not cease to be a fervent Lover of that place, wherein I have received so manyfold mercyes from ye Divine goodness, nor to bee my Lord and Gentlemen, yor affeccõnate ffreind and humble servant.

Crosby House the 18th Septembr 1660.

No. 82.

Letter from the Earl of Manchester to the Court of Aldermen, desiring that the Butchers of the City might continue to supply offal to the King's "Game of Beares" as formerly. Dated Whitehall, 29 Sept., 1664.

_Original Letter._

My very good Lord and the rest of my very good ffreinds the Court of Aldermen.

Being informed by the Master of his Maties Game of Beares and Bulls and of others that very well remember that the Company of Butchers did formerly cause all their Offall in Eastcheape and Newgate Markett to bee conveyed by the Beadle of their Company vnto two Barrow Houses conveniently placed on the Riverside to receave the same for the provision and feeding of his Maties Game of Beares And that that Custome hath beene interrupted in the late Troubles when the Beares were killed. And that his Maties Game being now againe by the order of the King and Councill removed to the usuall place on the Bank side at the very great charges of the Master of the Game I shall therefore earnestly recommend it to your LoPP and the rest of my very good freiends the Court of Aldermen and desire you to give such order to the Master and Wardens of the Company of Butchers that their offall may bee duely conveyed to the aforesaid houses as formerly it was for the feeding of his Maties said Game which the under officers at present are forced to provide by extraordinary and very chargeable meanes soe not doubting of your Care herein I rest

Your humble Servant

(Signed) Manchester.

Court at Whitehall Septemb: 1664 Michaelmas day

No. 83.

The City's address to King Charles II congratulating him upon his escape after the Rye House Plot; 2 July, 1683.

Journal 50, fo. 83b.

To the Kings most Excellent Matie

The humble Addresse of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of the City of London in Common Councell assembled Sheweth.

That wee your most Loyall and dutifull subjects haveing with astonishment received ye discovery of a most traterous and horrid Conspiracy of diverse ill affected and desperate persons to compasse ye death and destruccõn of your Royall person and of your Dearest Brother James Duke of Yorke, and that to effect ye same theis have held Severall Treasonable Consultacõns to Levy men and to make an Insurreccõn and made great provision of Armes; A designe notoriously tending to ye present destruccõn not only of your best Subjects but of ye Sacred Person of your Maty ye best of Princes and to involve this and ye future Generacõn in Confusion blood and misery carryd on notwthstanding their Specious pretences by knowne dissenting Conventicles and Atheistical persons.

And haveing in ye first place Offered up our Solemn thanks to Almighty God for his Watchfull Providence in bringing to Light this impious and Execrable Machination.

We doe in ye next place humbly offer to your Matie ye deepe resentments of our Loyall hearts concerning ye same and begg your Matie to rest fully assured that as no interest in this world is valuable to us in comparison of your Matyes service and safety so wee are determined readily to Expose our lives and fortunes in defence of your Matyes person your heires and successors and your government establisht in Church and State and particularly for discovering Defeating and destroying all such Conspiracys assotiations and attempts whatsoever.

All which Resolutions are accompanyd wth our daily and fervent prayres that your Maty may Vanquish and overcome all your enimyes and that the yeares of your happy reigne over us may be many and prosperous.

No. 84.

Letter from the Duke of Newcastle to the Lord Mayor informing him of the Pretender having set up his Standard in Scotland. Dated Whitehall, 4 Sept., 1745.

Journal 58, fo. 377.

His Majesty having received an Account, That the Eldest Son of the Pretender after having been some time in Scotland, has traiterously assembled a considerable Number of Persons in Arms, who have Set up a Standard in the Name of the Pretender, resisted and attacked some of His Majesty's Forces, and are now Advancing towards Perth or Edenburgh; And there being the greatest Reason to Apprehend, That these Attempts have been Encouraged, and may be supported by Foreign Powers; The King has commanded Me to Acquaint Your Lordship therewith, And His Majesty being fully persuaded of the Abhorrence and Detestation that must be raised in the Minds of all his faithful Subjects, at this Audacious Attempt, to Subvert Our most excellent Constitution both in Church and State under which Alone the Liberties and Properties of these Protestant Kingdoms can be preserved, And being Particularly convinced of the Zeal and Loyalty of his good City of London His Majesty Orders Me to assure You, That he has the firmest Confidence, that Your Lordship, pursuant to the great Trust reposed in you, will in Conjunction with the other Magistrates of his said good City, exert your Authority with the utmost Care and Vigilance on this important Occasion, for the Preservation of the Publick Peace; The Security of the City of London; and the Disappointment as far as depends upon You, of these wicked and Traiterous Designs. I am &c. Whitehall, September 4th 1745.

No. 85.

Letter from the Duke of Newcastle to the Lord Mayor informing him of the Pretender having entered Derby, and desiring him to put the City into a posture of defence. Dated Whitehall, 6 Dec., 1745.

Repertory 150, fo. 40.

I am commanded by the King to Acquaint Your Lordship; That His Majesty has, this day, received certain Advice, that the Rebels, with the Pretender's Son, Arrived, on Wednesday last, at Derby, in their way, as they give out towards London; That His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland upon this New motion of the Rebels towards Derbyshire, had made the necessary Disposition for getting before them, with the utmost Expedition; And had determin'd for that purpose, to March, the direct way for London. Part of the Cavalry of His Royal Highness's Army will be this Night at Northampton, and the Remainder to Morrow, And the Foot will Encamp to Morrow also near Northampton so that His Royal Highness did not Doubt, but he should be able to reach Northampton so as to be between the Rebels and London; But in order that the Peace and Security of the City of London, may be provided for, in all Events, His Majesty has commanded me to recommend it to Your Lordship, That imediate Directions may be given for augmenting the Guard of the City, in such manner as shall be thought proper; And that a sufficient Number of the Train'd Bands may be constantly out in the day time, as well as at Night, to preserve the peace of the City. Your Lordship will also be pleas'd to take Care, that Orders may be given to the Commanding Officers of the Parties employ'd in that Service, to be very vigilant in preventing, or suppressing any Disorders, or Tumults; And to Seize any Persons that may be assembled together in a riotous manner: And also that a Guard may be constantly posted in the Squares and open Places of the City; And that there may be daily Meetings of the Magistrates appointed in proper places to See, that these Services are perform'd.

Your Lordship will likewise be pleas'd to Cause an Exact Account to be taken of all Horses (as well Coach and Saddle Horses) in the several Stables within the City; where Horses are kept for hire; and transmit an Account of the same, to be laid before His Majesty.

The King thinking, that it may be of great Service, that proper Signals should be made, in case of any Commotion or Alarm, and also that Alarm Posts should be appointed, within the City, and Suburbs; His Majesty has commanded, that the same should be forthwith done, And that Your Lordship should have imediate Notice of it.

His Majesty has also given directions to the Master General of the Ordnance, to appoint forthwith proper Persons, to Inspect the several Entrances into the City, and to Consider, in what manner, in case of an Emergency the same may be obstructed.

I am to desire your Lordp would be pleased to transmit to me, to be laid before the King an Account of the Number of Men, that are at present, appointed for the several Guards to the City, and of the Places, at which they are posted; As also of what Number of Men you would propose to add, for that Service, And in what parts of this City, they may most usefully be posted.

His Majesty having been inform'd, that a considerable number of his good Subjects, Inhabitants of the City, out of Zeal for His Majesty's Service, and for the preservation of Our Excellent Constitution, are desirous of appearing in Arms, on the present occasion; His Majesty has ordered me to recommend it to your Lordp to give all possible Encouragement to such laudable designs, And if Your Lordp will transmit to me the Names of any Persons that shall be willing to Engage in the manner above-mentioned, I will imediately procure a proper authority from His Majty for that purpose.

The Zeal, which your Lop & the City of London have shew'd for the Defence of His Majtys Person and Government, and the Abhorrence and Detestation You have express'd, for the present unnatural Rebellion, give His Majesty the strongest Assurance, that you will Exert your utmost Endeavours in Opposition to the bold and dangerous Attempts, now making by the Pretender and his Adherents; which threaten the Peace and Tranquility of this great and flourishing City.

I am &c.

Whitehall Decmr 6{th} 1745.

No. 86.

Proceedings relative to the expunging of the recognizance entered into by William Witham, Messenger of the House of Commons--as narrated by James Morgan, Clerk to the Lord Mayor, to the Committee appointed to assist in defending Crosby, Wilkes and Oliver; 22 March, 1771.

Committee Book.

Mr. James Morgan Clerk to the Lord Mayor acquainted the Committee that he was served on Wednesday Morning last the twentieth instant with an order of the House of Commons dated the nineteenth March 1771 to attend that House with the Minutes taken before the Lord Mayor relative to the Messenger of the House of Commons giving security for his appearance at the next General Quarter Session of the Peace for the City of London to answer such Indictments as may be preferred against him for the supposed assault and Imprisonment of J. Miller. In consequence of this Order he attended the House of Commons on Wednesday the twentieth instant with the book from between two and three o'clock in the Afternoon--that he was called in between two and three o'clock the next Morning and was asked by the Speaker who he was--he said he was Clerk to the Lord Mayor of London.--The Speaker ask'd for the Minutes that were taken, then he produced the book at the Bar. The Speaker sent for the book to him and ordered that part relating to Miller to be read. He was likewise ordered up to the Table and the Minutes were read. That a Motion was then made that those Minutes should be expunged which was carried in the Affirmative. That he was ask'd by a Member whether Mr Aldn Wilkes and Mr Aldn Oliver were there. He answered they were. He was then ordered to the Bar and was served with an Order of the House of Commons as follows--Ordered that Mr James Morgan Clerk to the Lord Mayor of London do expunge from the Minute Book kept by him at the Mansion House the entry relative to William Whitham a Messenger of this House giving security for his appearance at the next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the City of London. That he answered he had no Indemnity for so doing. The Speaker said he was ordered so to do. He then did expunge that Minute accordingly. He was then ordered to withdraw.

This Committee doth desire the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor to call a Court of Common Council for Tuesday next and lay the whole transaction of the above affair before the said Court, when Mr Morgan is to attend with the Minute Book.

No. 87.

Letter from Charles Fox, Chairman of the Westminster Committee, to the Town Clerk of London suggesting a general meeting of the Committees of Association. Dated St. James's Street, 20 Feb., 1780.

Minutes of City Committee of Correspondence.

Sir,

The Westminster Committee observing that the London Committee are instructed "to meet such Members of the Committees of the several petitioning Counties, Cities and Boroughs as are now in London, or who may be deputed for the purpose of presenting, or supporting their Petitions, and who may think it necessary to confer, on the means of promoting the common object of the said Petition" have directed me to acquaint you that it is their opinion, that nothing is so desireable in the present Stage of the business as a general meeting of the several Committees by their Agents or Deputies. From the correspondence they have had with the other Committees they have reason to think this opinion is pretty general; and therefore if the London Committee should concur in that opinion they would wish to know in what manner the London Committee think such a measure may be best effected.

It has been suggested that the London, Middlesex and Westminster Committees, might meet by their Deputies and that a joint invitation from them to the other Committees would come with more propriety and weight than such a proposal from any single Committee: But altho' this mode has been thought of, any other that is equally adapted to bring about the measure proposed, will be equally acceptable to the Westminster Committee.

I have the honor to be &c. St. James's Street February 21st 1780.

No. 88.

Letter of thanks from Edmund Burke to the same for the City's approval of his Bill for Economical Reform. Dated St. James's Square, 6 March 1780.

_Ibid._

Sir,

I receive with great satisfaction and very humble acknowledgement, the honour which the Committee of the Common Council of London have been pleased to confer on me, by their Resolution of the 3d Inst., which you have been so obliging as to transmit to me. Their approbation of the plan which I submitted to Parliament;--the effects which they expect from its being carried into execution,--these secure to me the co-operation and support of the greatest Corporation in the World, thro their very respectable Committee. Be so good, Sir, as to assure that Committee, that I shall be unwearied in my endeavours, to carry into execution the measures which they have approved, and which, under such a sanction, I am entitled to consider as leading to the attainment of some part of the desires, which they, in common with multitudes of our fellow subjects have lately express'd. I say some part, because I am sensible that much more is wanting; and I protest to the Committee, with great sincerity, that I shall be, as active, as industrious, and as zealous in supporting the constitutional and salutary measures, already proposed, and such as may be hereafter proposed, by other Gentlemen, as I have been in endeavouring to give effect to my own humble, but, certainly, well intended conceptions. The people alone can procure the final attainment of the just and temperate requests which they have made. Their interference as constitutional always, as it was now necessary, has already produced a visible effect. A continued watchfulness, on their part, will beget an active attention in the Representative body, to the Interests of their constituents. Let us continue true to ourselves, and we shall not find many that will dare to be false to us. Let each, in his station of public trust, give the best Counsel his capacity suggests, and let our whole collective and united efforts be applyd to execute whatever is wisely plann'd, be the Proposer who he may. Let us do this and the People cannot remain long unsatisfy'd in their just and reasonable desires. I have the honour to be &c.

Charles Street, St. James's Square, 6th March, 1780.

No. 89.

Letter from Charles Fox to the Town Clerk of London forwarding copy of proceedings of the Westminster Committee of Association, and giving particulars of the proceedings of the House of Commons upon Dunning's motion. Dated St. James's Street, 13 April, 1780.

_Ibid._

Sir,

I have the honour of transmitting to you a copy of the proceedings in Westminster Hall on the 6th inst. in which you will observe that the form of Association adopted by the City of Westminster, is nearly similar to that of the County of York.

There never was a time when Union was more necessary than the present, as the only hopes of those who wish to defeat the wishes of the people, are confessedly founded upon supposed disagreements among the true friends of their country.

I should long ago have transmitted to your Committee, lists of the Members who have voted in the late important questions, but have been unable to procure any on which I could depend. That which was printed in the Newspapers, was to my knowledge very incorrect.

I cannot close my letter without informing you that the three following Resolutions were agreed to by the House of Commons on the 6th instant.

"That it is necessary to declare, that the Influence of the Crown has increased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished."

"That it is competent to this House, to examine into and correct Abuses in the Expenditure of the Civil List Revenues, as well as in every other branch of the Public Revenue, whenever it shall appear expedient to the Wisdom of this House so to do."

"That it is the Duty of this House, to provide, as far as may be an immediate and effectual redress of the Abuses complained of in the Petitions, presented to this House from the different Counties, Cities and Towns of this Kingdom."

The number who voted for them were 233 Against them 215

so that in one of the fullest houses that we have ever known a complete approbation has been given to the sentiments of the Petitions, with a promise to attend to their Prayers. How that promise will be performed, it is our duty to watch; If we persevere in our exertions, I think there is little or no doubt of obtaining our objects, but if we are lulled into Security by Success, it is but too probable that the Representatives of the People may relapse into their former inattention to their constituents.

I am &c.

St. James's Street, April 10th 1780.

FOOTNOTES:

[841] The passage here placed in parenthesis was, we learn from a marginal note, for divers causes omitted from the original letter.

[842] He was esquire to the mayor (_Armiger Maioris_). After he had served the City faithfully for 20 years, and become incapable of further work, he was, in February, 1420, allowed an annuity of 40 shillings and his clothing or livery of the City in the same manner as the sergeants of the Chamber.--Letter Book I, fo. 238b.

[843] Creil (Oise).

[844] Verneuil.

[845] Meun on the Loire.

[846] The Orleans or Armagnac party (so-called from the Duc d'Armagnac, Constable of France) the deadly enemy of the Dukes of Burgundy.

[847] Samer au bois, near Boulogne.

[848] Cockets or seals delivered to merchants in token of their merchandise having passed the Custom-house.

[849] Sir William Neville, Lord Falconbridge & Earl of Kent.

[850] He had been killed at Barnet.

[851] Margaret, daughter of Henry VII, married to James IV of Scotland.

[852] Printed in Rushworth's Collections.

[853] Derby House, Cannon Row, Westminster, erected in 1598 by William, Earl of Derby. It was surrendered to Parliament _temp._ Charles I, and was used for Parliamentary Committee meetings and other state purposes.

APPENDIX B.

KNIGHTS AND BURGESSES OF THE CITY OF LONDON.

The list of members representing the City of London in Parliament from 1284 down to the present day, here given, has been compiled mainly from the Blue Books of Parliamentary returns (printed in 1878 and 1879), but with large additions gathered from the City's own Records. It may fairly claim to be a more perfect list of City members than has hitherto been published.

The number of representatives of the City in Parliament has varied from time to time. In a treatise known as _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, ascribed to the early part of the xivth century, the number of members for London, York and other Cities is given as two, the same as the number of Barons of the Cinq Ports and knights of shires.[854] The more usual number as gathered from the City's Archives was either two or four, although there have been occasions (as in the Parliament of 1284 and more especially during the Commonwealth) when it amounted to six and (as in Barebone's Parliament) even to seven. Frequently it happened that when the writ prescribed the election of two members, four or more were elected, although not more than two or, perhaps, three, were to attend.[855] It is in 1346 that we meet for the first time with a writ commanding the election of four members. In the following year a writ was issued for the election of the old number (two), but this was apparently a mistake, for another writ was soon afterwards issued stating that the number should be four. The City, however, displayed great apathy in the matter--the attendance in Parliament interfered no doubt with the commercial pursuits of the members--and, although four were elected, it was distinctly provided that any three or even two might attend.[856] On the other hand, when the City was called upon to elect two members for the Parliament of 1348, it returned four.[857] From 1351 to 1354 the writs prescribed only two members, and the City returned only two, but from 1355 down to the passing of the Redistribution of Seats Act in 1885[858]--that is to say, for a period of more than 500 years--the City of London has, if we except the Parliament of 1371, never been represented in the council of the nation by less than four members.

So long as the City was represented by two members, both were usually aldermen.[859] When four were returned, two were, as a rule, aldermen, and two commoners. The Recorder, who in earliest times was also an alderman of the City, was frequently returned with another alderman, and continued to be so returned long after he had ceased to be elected from the body of aldermen. Indeed, for two centuries--viz., from 1454 to 1654--the Recorder for the time being seldom failed to be elected one of the City's members; but from the time of the Restoration no Recorder has sat for the City, nor has the ancient custom of the City to be represented by an equal number of aldermen and commoners been followed. Prior to the Restoration the custom was so strictly observed that when a member who was a commoner happened to be elected alderman, he resigned his seat in Parliament in order that another commoner might be elected.[860]

The parliamentary elections were originally carried out by the mayor and aldermen and a deputation specially summoned from each ward, but the choice of members practically lay with the mayor and aldermen. In course of time the commoners came to be elected by the Common Council, but the aldermen still kept a hold on the elections by nominating certain individuals of whom the citizens were to make their choice.[861]

In 1523 we find an election taking place at the [court of] Husting[862] in the Great Hall. One alderman and the Recorder were nominated by the Court of Aldermen and their nomination was subsequently confirmed by the Common Council in the Guildhall; whilst two commoners were nominated by the commonalty attending at the Husting. But even the latter nominations appear to have been in this instance confirmed by the Common Council.[863] Six years later (viz., in 1529) the election proceedings are recorded somewhat differently. The election took place as before at the [court of] Husting in the Great Hall, the aldermen were nominated by the mayor and aldermen in the Inner Chamber of the Guildhall [_i.e._, in the Court of Aldermen] and were afterwards ratified and confirmed by a large gathering of the commonalty (_immensa communitas_) in the Great Hall, but the commoners were elected by the commonalty without any subsequent ratification by the Common Council.[864]

At what date the Livery--as distinct from the citizens at large--began to usurp the functions of the commonalty and claim the exclusive right of electing City members, is not clear; but that they did so monopolise the Parliamentary franchise long before it was restricted to them by the Election Act of 1725, there is ample evidence,[865] and they continued to enjoy this monopoly until the passing of the Reform Act of 1832.

The City members enjoyed, as we have seen,[866] certain allowances by way of "duties," "fees" or "wages," for their attendance in Parliament, besides gowns, robes or liveries for themselves and their servants, and a reasonable sum of money for expenses. According to Coke (4 Inst., p. 46) the fee or wage paid "time out of mind" to a knight of the shire was four shillings a day, whilst that to a citizen or burgess was half that sum;[867] and these same fees the City Chamberlain paid in 1584 to the alderman and the Recorder representing the City in Parliament, presumably, in their capacity as knights of the shire (the City of London itself constituting a county), and to the two commoners, sitting as burgesses, respectively.[868] In 1628 a question was raised in the House as to whether the aldermen representing the City in Parliment ranked as knights, but no decision appears to have been arrived at.[869]

When the City members attended Parliament, they went as befitted the representatives of the capital of the kingdom. Alderman and commoner alike wore scarlet gowns richly trimmed with fur, for which they received allowances, according to their dignity, of cloth and money. An alderman was allowed ten yards of cloth for his gown, a commoner five. Again, an alderman who had served as mayor received an allowance of 100 shillings for fur; an alderman who had not passed the chair was entitled to no more than 5 marks, whilst commoners received only half that sum.

One "livery" a session was the usual allowance, provided that there was not more than one session within the year; but when, as in 1532, Parliament continued to sit for a number of years, an allowance in cash was made to the members in lieu of another livery for themselves and their servants. This cash payment amounted to £6 13_s._ 4_d._[870]

In addition to wages and allowances already mentioned, the City members were allowed a certain amount of travelling (and other) expenses. From the ancient treatise already referred to we gather that in this respect (if in no other) they were customarily placed on an equality with the knights of shires.[871] When Parliament sat at Westminster, these travelling expenses amounted to little more than a shilling a day--the sum allowed them for boat-hire;[872] when, on the other hand, Parliament sat in some remote town, as it frequently did, they were greater. Thus in 1296, when Parliament was to meet at Bury St. Edmunds, the citizens voted their representatives 20 shillings a day for travelling expenses.[873] The two aldermen who represented the City in the Parliament held at York in 1298 were each allowed 100 shillings and no more.[874] On the other hand when nearly a century later (1388), Parliament sat at Cambridge, the City members were not only allowed their travelling expenses, but the cost of their board and lodging, and even their washing bills were discharged by the Corporation, the whole amounting to upwards of £100, a large sum in those days.[875]

In the middle of the 15th century, viz., in Thomas Chalton's mayoralty (1449-1450), the Common Council resolved that thenceforth the allowance for expenses should not exceed 40 shillings a day, but ten years later, when Parliament was to meet at Coventry, it showed a more liberal spirit and undertook to repay any further disbursements that the members might make for the honour and benefit of the City.[876] It did the same in 1464, when Parliament was to have sat at York.[877]

How long the City continued to make payments and allowances to its members is not clear. No doubt, as wealth increased and a seat in the House was looked upon less as a burden, men were found ready to undertake the duties on their own responsibility and without any extraneous assistance, and the custom of payment of members by the City became gradually obsolete. Take, for instance, the case of two of the City's representatives in the Parliament of 1661. Whilst, on the one hand, we find the Court of Aldermen authorising the Chamberlain to pay to John Jones, a burgess, a daily allowance of four shillings--a sum usually allowed knights of the shire--and this amount is recorded in the City's Chamber Accounts as having been duly paid;[878] on the other hand, we find alderman Sir John Frederick (elected member for the City _loco_ alderman Fowke deceased) returning the fees and allowances paid to him by the Chamberlain "for his full allowance for diett and boate hire ... and for his Robes alsoe."[879]

Lastly, it is to be noted that on the occasion of the opening of a new Parliament, the members for the City claim, and generally exercise, the privilege of sitting on the Treasury or Privy Councillor's bench; but on what grounds such privilege is claimed and allowed is not clear.[880]

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE CITY OF LONDON,

1284--1895.

1284.[881] Henry le Waleys. Gregory de Rokesle. Philip Cissor. Ralf Crepyn. Joce le Acatour. John de Gisors.

1296.[882] Stephen Eswy. William de Hereford.

1298. Walter de Fynchyngfeld. Adam de Foleham.

1300.[883] (March) Geoffrey de Norton. William de Betoyne. John le Bancker. William de Red. [the first two returned.]

1305. William de Combemartin. Walter de Fynchyngfeld.

1307. William de Combemartin. Henry de Durham.

1309. Henry de Durham. William Servat.

1312.[884] Nicholas de Farndon. John de Wengrave. Robert de Kelseye. John de Sellyng _or_ David de Cotesbrok.

1312.[885] Nicholas de Farndon. John de Wengrave. Robert de Kelseye.

1313. Nicholas de Farndon. William de Leyre. William Servat. Stephen de Abyndone.

1314.[886] John de Gisors. William de Leyre. Robert de Kelseye. Richer de Refham. [or two of them.]

1315. William de Leyre. Henry de Durham.

1316.[887] William de Combemartin. John de Burford. Ralph de Walcote. William de Flete. Simon de Abyndon.

1318. John de Cherleton. William de Flete. Roger le Palmere.

1319.[888] Hugh de Waltham. William de Flete. William de Hacford. Michael Mynot. John Waldeshef. [or three of them.]

1320. Nicholas de Farndon. Anketin de Gisors. Henry Monquoi. Roger Hosebonde.

1321.[889] Nicholas de Farndon. Hamo Godchep. John Sterre. Thomas Prentiz. [three or two of them.]

1322. (May) Robert de Swalclyve. Reginald de Conduit. William de Hacford. Gregory de Norton. [three or two of them.]

1322. (Nov.) Walter Crepyn. Thomas de Chetyngdon.

1324. Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford.

1325. Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford.

1327. (Jan.) Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford. Reginald de Conduit. Thomas de Leyre. Edmund Cosyn. John Steere [Sterre?]. [two to attend.]

1327. (Sept.) Benedict de Fulsham. Robert de Kelseye.

1328. (Feb.) Richard de Betoyne. Robert de Kelseye. John de Grantham. John Priour, jun.

1328. (April) Richard de Betoyne. Robert de Kelseye.

1328. (Oct.) Stephen de Abyndone. Robert de Kelseye.

1330. (Mar.) Stephen de Abyndone. John de Caustone.

1330. (Nov.) John de Grantham. Reginald de Conduit. Stephen de Abyndone. [or two of them.]

1332. (Mar.) Anketin de Gisors. John de Caustone. John Priour, jun. Thomas de Chetyngdon. [three or two of them.]

1332. (Sept.) Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone. Anketin de Gisors. Thomas de Chetyngdon. [three or two of them.]

1332.[890] (Dec.) Richard de la Pole. Thomas de Chetyngdon. Henry Monquoi. [or two of them.]

1334. Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone. Roger de Depham.

1335. Richard de Rothingge. Richard le Lacer. Roger de Forsham. [or two of them.]

1336.[891] (Mar.) Henry de Seccheford. Thomas de Chetyngdon.

1336. (Sept.) John de Caustone. Richard de Hakenaye.

1337. (Jan.) Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone.

1337. (Sept.) Reginald de Conduit. Benedict de Fulsham.

1338. (Feb.) John de Grantham. Andrew Aubrey. Ralph de Upton. Richard de Rothingge.

1338. (July) Ralph de Upton. Bartholomew Deumars.

1339. (Jan.) Simon Fraunceys. John de Northalle.

1339. (Oct.) Simon (Fraunceys). John (de Nort) halle.

1340.[892] (Jan.) William de Brikelesworth. John de Mockyng. Adam Lucas.

1340. (Mar.) William de Brikelesworth. Richard de Rothingge. Richard de Berkyngge. [or two of them.]

1341. Simon Fraunceys. William de Brikelesworth.

1344. John de Northalle. John Lovekyn.

1346. Geoffrey de Wychyngham. Thomas Leggy. John Lovekyn. Thomas de Waldene. [four, three or two of them.]

1348. (Jan.) John Lovekyn. Richard de Berkyngge. William de Iford. Richard de Wycombe. [three or two of them.]

1348. (Mar.) John Lovekyn. Richard de Berkyngge. William de Iford. Richard de Wycombe. [three or two of them.]

1351. Thomas Leggy. William de Iford.

1352.[893] (Jan.) Simon Fraunceys. Simon de Bedyngton.

1352.[894] (Aug.) Adam Fraunceys. John Lytle.

1353. Thomas Leggy. Thomas Dolsely.

1354.[895] John de Stodeye. Thomas Dolsely.

1355.[896] Adam Fraunceys. John de Stodeye. Simon de Bedyngton. Adam de Acres.

1357.[897] Adam Fraunceys. John de Stodeye. Simon de Bedyngton. William de Essex.

1358. Thomas Dolsely. William de Welde. William de Essex. Richard Toky.

1360. Bartholomew Frestlyng. Stephen Cavendyssh. Walter de Berneye. Richard Toky.

1361. Adam Fraunceys. John Pecche. Simon de Benyngton. John Pyel.

1362.[898] (Oct.) Adam de Bury. John Lytle. John Hiltoft. John Tornegold.

1363.[899] William Holbech. John de St. Alban. Simon de Benyngton. John Tornegold.

1365. (Jan.) Adam Fraunceys. John Lovekyn. Simon de Benyngton. Richard de Preston.

1365.[900] (May) Adam Fraunceys. John Wroth. Simon de Benyngton. John de Worstede.

1368. John Wroth. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Aubrey. John Organ.

1369. (June) John Pecche. John Tornegold. Nicholas de Exton. John Hadele.

1369.[901] Adam Fraunceys. John Stodeye. John Aubrey. John Philipot.

1370.[902] John Pecche. William Walworth. Fulk Horewode. John Fyfhide.

1370.[903] John Tornegold. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Philipot. William Essex.

1371. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Philipot.

1372. John Wroth. John Pecche. William Venour. William Kelshull.

1373. Adam Stable. John Warde. John Birlyngham. Adam Carlile.

1376.[904] John Pyel. William Walworth. William Essex. Adam Carlile.

1377. (Jan.) John Hadle. John Organ. William Tonge. William Venour.

1377. (Oct.) Adam Carlile. Walter Sibill. William Walworth. John Philipot.

1378. John Hadle. Geoffrey Neuton. John de Northampton. William Venour.

1379.[905] Adam Carlile. Walter Sibill. John Hadle. William More.

1380.[906] (Jan.) John Philipot. Robert Launde. John Boseham. Thomas Cornwaleys.

1380.[907] (Nov.) John Organ. John Rote. Thomas Welford. William Tonge.

1381. Sir John Philipot. John Hadle.

William Baret. Hugh Fastolf.

1382. (Oct.) John More. Thomas Carleton. William Essex. Richard Norbury.

1383. (Feb.) Sir Nicholas Brembre. John More. Richard Norbury. William Essex.

1383. (Oct.) William Walworth. Sir John Philipot. William Baret. Henry Vanner.

1384. (Apr.) John Hadle. John Organ. John Rote. Henry Herbury.

1384. (Nov.) John Hadle. John Organ. Thomas Rolf. Henry Herbury.

1385. John Hadle. Nicholas Exton. Henry Herbury. William Ancroft.

1386. John Hadle. John Organ. Adam Carlile. Thomas Girdelere.

1388. (Feb.) William More. John Shadworth. William Baret. John Walcote.

1388. (Sept.) Adam Bamme. Henry Vanner. William Tonge. John Clenhand.

1390. (Jan.) William More. John Shadworth. Adam Carlile. William Brampton.

1390.[908] (Nov.) John Hadle. John Loveye. Thomas Newenton. John Botesham.

1391. William Shiringham. William Brampton. William Staundon. John Walcote.

1394.[909] William Staundon. John Fresh. Thomas Exton. John Wade.

1395. Adam Carlile. Drew Barantyn. Geoffrey Walderne. William Askham.

1397. (Jan.) William Staundon. William Brampton. William Hyde. Hugh Short.

1397. (Sept.) Andrew Neuport. Drew Barantyne. Robert Asshecombe. William Chychely.

1399. (Oct.) John Shadworth. William Brampton. Richard Merlawe. William Sonnyngwell.

1402.[910] (Sept.) John Hadle. William Parker. John Prophete. William Norton.

1403.[911] William Staundon. Drew Barantyn. William Marcheford. John Prophete.

1406. William Staundon. Nicholas Wotton. John Sudbury. Hugh Ryebrede.

1407. William Askham. William Crowemer. William Marcheford. John Bryan.

1410.[912] (Jan.) Drew Barantyn. Henry Halton. John Reynewell. Walter Gawtron.

1410.[913] (Nov.) Richard Merlawe. Thomas Fauconer. John Sutton. John Michell.

1413.[914] (Feb.) Drew Barantyn. William Askham. William Marcheford. Walter Gawtron.

1413. (May) Drew Barantyn. William Askham. William Marcheford. Walter Gawtron.

1414.[915] (Jan.) Richard Merlawe. Robert Chichele. William Burton. Alan Everard.

1414. (Nov.) William Waldern. Nicholas Wotton. William Olyver. John Gedney.

1415. Robert Chichele. William Waldern. John Reynewell. William Michell.

1416.[916] (Mar.) Richard Merlawe. Thomas Fauconer. William Weston. Nicholas Jamys [James]

1416.[917] (Oct.) Richard Whitington. Thomas Knolles. John Perneys. Robert Whityngham.

1417. William Crowemer. William Sevenoke. John Welles. John Boteler, jun.

1419. Nicholas Wotton. Henry Barton. Richard Meryvale. Simon Sewale.

1420. Thomas Fauconer. John Michell. Salamon Oxneye. John Hi[g]ham.

1421. (May) William Waldern. William Crowemer. William Burton. Richard Gosselyn.

1421. (Dec.) Thomas Fauconer. Nicholas Wotton. John Whateley. John Brokley.

1422. Thomas Fauconer. John Michell. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Mayneld.

1423.[918] Thomas Fauconer. John Welles. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Boteler.

1425. Nicholas Wotton. John Welles. "Eborardus" Flete. Thomas Bernewell.

1426. John Michell. John Welles. "Eborardus" Flete. John Higham.

1427. John Michell. John Welles. William Melreth. Walter Gawtron.

1429. Nicholas Wotton. Nicholas James. William Melreth. Walter Gawtron.

1431. William Estfeld. Nicholas James. John Higham. John Abbot.

1432. John Gedney. William Melreth. John Levyng. Philip Malpas.

1433. John Reynewell. John Welles. John Hatherle. Thomas Catteworth.

1435. John Michell. Robert Large. John Bederenden. Stephen Forster.

1437. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Catteworth. John Carpenter, jun. Nicholas Yeo.

1442. Sir William Estfeld. John Bowys. Philip Malpas. William Cottesbroke.

1447. Henry Frowyk. William Combys. Hugh Wyche. William Marowe.

1449. (Feb.) Thomas Catteworth. John Norman. Geoffrey Boleyn. Thomas Billyng.

1449. (Nov.) Stephen Broun. John Norman. John Nedham. John Har[e]we.

1450. Henry Frowyk. William Marowe. John Harewe. Richard Lee.

1453. Stephen Broun. William Cantelowe. John.... ... ...

1455. Geoffrey Feldyng. William Cantelowe. John Harewe. John Yonge.

1463.[919] William Marowe. Thomas Urswyk, Recorder. Thomas Wynselowe. John Bromer.

1467. Sir Ralph Josselyn. Thomas Urswyk. John Warde. John Crosseby.

1469.[920] Ralph Verney. George Irlond. Stephen Fabyan. Thomas Stoughton.

1472. Sir Ralph Verney. George Irlond. John Brampton. Stephen Fabyan.

1478. Sir William Hampton. Richard Gardyner. William Bracebrigge. John Warde.

1483.[921] Sir William Heriot. Robert Tate. John Marchall. William Bracebrigge.

1485.[922] John Warde, Mayor. Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder. John Pekeryng. William Spark.

1487.[923] Sir Henry Colet, Mayor. Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder. Hugh Pemberton. John Pekeryng. William White _loco_ Thomas Fitz-William.[924]

1491.[925] Robert Tate. William Capel. Nicholas Alwyn. Thomas Bullesdon.

1497.[926] [Richard] Chawry. Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder. ... ...

1504.[927] Sir John Shaa. Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder. Thomas Cremour. John Paynter. Sir John Tate[928] _loco_ Sir John Shaa deceased.

1510.[929] John Tate. John Chaloner, Recorder. James Yarford. John Brugys. Thomas More _loco_ James Yarford, elected alderman.

1512.[930] Sir William Capel. Richard Broke, Recorder. William Calley. John Kyme.

1515.[931] Sir William Capel. Richard Broke, Recorder. William Calley. John Kyme.

1523.[932] George Monoux. William Shelley, Recorder. John Hewster. William Roche.

1529.[933] Sir Thomas Seymer. John Baker, Recorder. John Petyte. Paul Wythypol.

1542. Sir William Roche. Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder. John Sturgeon. Nicholas Wylford.

1545. Sir William Roche. Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder. John Sturgeon. Paul Wythypol. Sir William Forman _loco_ William Roche.[934] Sir Richard Gresham[935] _loco_ Sir William Forman. Robert Broke, Recorder.[936]

1547. Sir Martin Bowes,. Robert Broke, Recorder. Thomas Curteis. Thomas Bacon.

1553. Sir Martin Bowes. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell.

1553.[937] (Sept.) Sir Rowland Hill. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell.

1553.[938] (Oct.) Sir Rowland Hill. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell.

1554. Sir Martin Bowes. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell.

1554. (Nov.) Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Richard Grafton. Richard Burnell.

1555. Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Philip Bold. Nicholas Choyne [Chune].

1558. William Garrard. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. John Marsh. Richard Grafton.

1559.[939] Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. John Marsh. Richard Hills.[940]

1563. Sir William Chester. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Laurence Withers. John Marsh.

1571.[941] Sir John White. Thomas Wilbraham, Recorder. John Marsh. Thomas Norton.

1572. Sir Roland Heywood. William Fletewood, Recorder. John Marsh.[942] Thomas Norton.

1584.[943] Sir Nicholas Woodrooff. William Fletewood, Recorder. Walter Fisshe. Thomas Aldersey. Henry Billingsley,[944] _loco_ Walter Fisshe, decd.

1586. Sir Edward Osborne. William Fletewood, Recorder. Thomas Aldersey. Robert Saltinstall.

1589. Sir George Barnes. William Fletewood, Recorder. Thomas Aldersey. Andrew Palmer.

1593. Sir John Harte. Edward Drewe, Recorder. Andrew Palmer. George Sotherton.

1597. Sir John Harte. John Croke, Recorder. George Sotherton. Thomas Fettiplace.

1601. Sir Stephen Soame. John Croke, Recorder. Thomas Fettiplace. John Pynder.

1604.[945] Sir Henry Billingsley. Sir Henry Montague, Recorder. Nicholas Fuller. Richard Gore. Sir Thomas Lowe, _loco_ Sir Henry Billingsley.[946]

1614. Sir Thomas Lowe. Sir Henry Montague Recorder. Nicholas Fuller. Robert Middleton.

1621. Sir Thomas Lowe. Robert Heath, Recorder. Robert Bateman. William Towerson.

1624. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Robert Bateman. Martin Bond.

1625. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Robert Bateman. Martin Bond.

1626. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Sir Maurice Abbott. Robert Bateman.

1628. Thomas Moulson. Christopher Clitherowe. Henry Waller. James Bunce.

1640. (April) Thomas Soame. Isaac Pennington. Matthew Cradock. Samuel Vassall.

1640. (Nov.) Thomas Soame. Isaac Pennington. Matthew Cradock. Samuel Vassall. John Venn, _loco_ Matthew Cradock.[947]

CROMWELLIAN PARLIAMENTS.[948]

1653. Robert Tichborne. John Ireton. Samuel Moyer. John Langley. John Stone. Henry Barton. Praise-God Barebone.

1654. Thomas Foot. William Steele, Recorder. Thomas Adams. John Langham. Samuel Avery. Andrew Ricaut or Riccard.

1656. Thomas Foot. Sir Christopher Pack. Thomas Adams. Richard Brown.

Theophilus Biddulph. John Jones.

1659. William Thomson. Theophilus Biddulph. John Jones. Richard Brown.

* * * * *

1660. Sir John Robinson.[949]

1661. John Fowke. Sir William Thompson. William Love. John Jones. Sir John Frederick, _loco_ John Fowke.[950]

1679. (Mar.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir Thomas Player. William Love. Thomas Pilkington.

1679. (Oct.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir Thomas Player. William Love. Thomas Pilkington.

1681. Sir Robert Clayton. Thomas Pilkington. Sir Thomas Player. William Love.

1685. Sir John Moore. Sir William Pritchard. Sir Samuel Dashwood. Sir Peter Rich.

1689. Sir Patience Ward. Sir Robert Clayton. William Love. Thomas Pilkington. Sir William Ashurst, _loco_ William Love, deceased.

1690. Sir William Pritchard. Sir Samuel Dashwood. Sir William Turner. Sir Thomas Vernon. Sir John Fleet, Mayor, _loco_ Sir William Turner.[951]

1695. Sir Robert Clayton. Sir John Fleet. Sir William Ashurst. Thomas Papillon.

1698. Sir John Fleet. Sir William Ashurst. Sir James Houblon.[952] Thomas Papillon.

1701. (Feb.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir William Withers. Gilbert Heathcote. Sir John Fleet, _loco_ Gilbert Heathcote, disqualified.

1701. (Dec.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Thomas Abney. Gilbert Heathcote.

1702. Sir William Pritchard. Sir John Fleet. Sir Francis Child. Gilbert Heathcote.

1705. Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Gilbert Heathcote. Samuel Shepheard. Sir William Withers, Mayor,[953] _loco_ Sir Robert Clayton.[954]

1708. Sir William Withers, Mayor. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Gilbert Heathcote. John Ward.

1710. Sir William Withers. Sir Richard Hoare. Sir George Newland. John Cass.

1713. Sir William Withers. Sir Richard Hoare. Sir John Cass. Sir George Newland.[955]

1715. Sir John Ward. Sir Thomas Scawen. Robert Heysham. Peter Godfrey.

1722. Francis Child. Richard Lockwood. Peter Godfrey. John Barnard. Sir Richard Hopkins, _loco_ Peter Godfrey, deceased.

1727. Sir John Eyles. Humphrey Parsons. John Barnard. Micaiah Perry.

1734. Humphrey Parsons. Sir John Barnard. Micajah Perry. Robert Willimot.

1741. Daniel Lambert, Mayor. Sir John Barnard. Sir Robert Godschall. George Heathcote. William Calvert, _loco_ Sir Robert Godschall.[956]

1747. Sir John Barnard. Sir William Calvert.

1747. Slingsby Bethell. Stephen Theo. Janssen.

1754. Sir John Barnard. Sir Robert Ladbroke. Slingsby Bethell. William Beckford. Sir Richard Glyn, Mayor, _loco_ Slingsby Bethell.[957]

1761. Sir Robert Ladbroke. Sir Richard Glyn. William Beckford. Thomas Harley.

1768. Thomas Harley, Mayor. Sir Robert Ladbroke. William Beckford. Barlow Trecothick. Richard Oliver, _loco_ William Beckford.[958] Frederick Bull,[959] _loco_ Sir Robert Ladbroke.[960]

1774. John Sawbridge. Richard Oliver. Frederick Bull. George Hayley.

1780. George Hayley. John Kirkman. Frederick Bull. Nathaniel Newnham. John Sawbridge, _loco_ John Kirkman.[961] Sir Watkin Lewes, _loco_ George Hayley.[962] Brook Watson, _loco_ Frederick Bull.[963]

1784. Brook Watson. Sir Watkin Lewes. Nathaniel Newnham. John Sawbridge.

1790. William Curtis. Brook Watson. Sir Watkin Lewes. John Sawbridge. John William Anderson, _vice_ Brook Watson.[964] William Lushington, _vice_ John Sawbridge.[965]

1796. _First Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland [1801]._

1801. William Lushington.

William Curtis, Mayor. Harvey Christian Combe. John William Anderson.

1802. Harvey Christian Combe. Charles Price. William Curtis. Sir John William Anderson.

1806. Harvey Christian Combe. James Shaw, Mayor. Sir Charles Price. Sir William Curtis.

1807. Sir Charles Price. Sir William Curtis. James Shaw. Harvey Christian Combe.

1812. Harvey Christian Combe. Sir William Curtis. Sir James Shaw. John Atkins. Matthew Wood, Mayor, _loco_ Harvey Christian Combe.[966]

1818. Matthew Wood. Thomas Wilson. Robert Waithman. John Thomas Thorp.

1820. Matthew Wood. Thomas Wilson. Sir William Curtis. George Bridges, Mayor.

1826. William Thomson. Robert Waithman. William Ward. Matthew Wood.

1830. William Thompson. Robert Waithman. William Ward. Matthew Wood.

1831. Robert Waithman. William Thompson. Matthew Wood. William Venables.

1833. George Grote. Matthew Wood. Robert Waithman. Sir John Key. George Lyall, _loco_ Robert Waithman.[967] William Crawford, _loco_ Sir John Key.[968]

1835. Matthew Wood. James Pattison. William Crawford. George Grote.

1837. Matthew Wood. William Crawford. James Pattison. George Grote.

1841. John Masterman. Sir Matthew Wood. George Lyall. Lord John Russell. James Pattison, _loco_ Sir Matthew Wood.[969]

1847. Lord John Russell. James Pattison. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. John Masterman. Sir James Duke, Mayor, _loco_ James Pattison, deceased.

1852. John Masterman. Lord John Russell. Sir James Duke. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.

1857. Sir James Duke. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. Lord John Russell. Robert Wigram Crawford.

1859. Lord John Russell. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. Sir James Duke. Robert Wigram Crawford. Western Wood, _loco_ Lord John Russell.[970] George Joachim Goschen, _loco_ Western Wood.[971]

1865. George Joachim Goschen. Robert Wigram Crawford. William Lawrence. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild.

1868. George Joachim Goschen. Robert Wigram Crawford. William Lawrence. Charles Bell. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild, _loco_ Charles Bell, deceased.

1874. William James Richmond Cotton. Philip Twells. John Gellibrand Hubbard. George Joachim Goschen.

1880. William J.R. Cotton. Robert Nicholas Fowler. Rt. Hon. John G. Hubbard. William Lawrence.

1885. Sir Robert N. Fowler. Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard.

1886. Sir Robert N. Fowler.

1886. Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard. Thomas Charles Baring,[972] _loco_ Hubbard, raised to the peerage. Henry Hucks Gibbs,[973] _loco_ Baring, decd. Sir Reginald Hanson,[974] _loco_ Fowler, decd.

1892. Sir Reginald Hanson. Alban G.H. Gibbs.

FOOTNOTES:

[854] _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_ (ed. T. Duffus Hardy), p. 10.

[855] Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22, 88b, 89.

[856] Letter Book F, fo. 145b.

[857] _Id._, fo. 150.

[858] Stat. 48 & 49 Vict., c. 23, which prescribed that after the end of the Parliament then existing the City should return two members and no more.

[859] An exception appears to have been made in 1352, when a commoner was returned with an alderman.--Letter Book F, fo. 215.

[860] Two instances of the kind are recorded, one in 1509 and another in 1534.--See Repertory 2, fo. 77. Letter Book M, fo. 166b. Repertory 9, fo. 79b. On the other hand, there are cases recorded where members of Parliament for constituencies other than the City, having been elected aldermen of the City, have claimed exemption from service owing to their privilege as members.--Repertory 60, fos. 199b, 211b, 245b. Repertory 95, fo. 81.

[861] Repertory 2, fos. 75b, 77, 125b. Letter Book M, fos. 166b, 186.

[862] Hence the name "Hustings" as applied to Parliamentary elections at the present day.

[863] Repertory 6, fo. 20b. Letter Book N, fo. 222.

[864] Letter Book O, fo. 157.

[865] As early as 1539 we find the citizens "in their grand livery" summoned for a Parliamentary election (Repertory 10, fo. 85b); usually it was the "commons" who were summoned.

[866] Vol. i, pp. 273, 274.

[867] Coke's statement is not strictly accurate. Before 1327 knights of the shire were in the habit of receiving sums varying from 1_s._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ a day. From the year 1327 their allowance was 4_s._ a day exclusive of travelling expenses, and this sum appears to have been paid as long as members received payment for attendance in Parliament.--See Preface to _Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, p. viii and Notes to the same, pp. xxvii, xxviii.

[868] Chamber Accounts (Town Clerk's Office), Vol. II, fos. 21b, 22. The same fees had been authorised by the Court of Aldermen three years before.--Repertory 20, fo. 183. After the Restoration, when more than two aldermen were frequently returned, the junior members (whether aldermen or commoners) received the burgess fee of two shillings a day, as witness the case of Sir John Robinson--the only City member sitting in the first Parliament after the Restoration whose name has come down to us.--See Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/11, fo. 145. The expense was defrayed, in early days, by the exaction of one penny in the pound from every individual who had been assessed for the last fifteenth.--Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22.

[869] Journal House of Commons, i, 894.

[870] Repertory 8, fo. 210b. Repertory 20, fo. 183.

[871] "Solebant cives esse pares et equales cum militibus comitatuum in expensis veniendo morando et redeundo."--_Modus tenendi Parliamentum_, p. 13.

[872] Repertory 20, fo. 183. Chamber Accounts, Vol. II, fos. 21b, 22.

[873] Letter Book C, fo. 22b. See Frontispiece. The writ and proceedings thereon are printed from the City's Records in Palgrave's Parl. Writs, Vol. 1, p. 49.

[874] Letter Book B, fo. 93b. (xxxviiib.)

[875] Letter Book H, fo. 245. (See "Memorials," pp. 511, 512).

[876] Journal 6, fo. 166b.

[877] Journal 7, fo. 52.

[878] Repertory 69, fo. 319b. Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/11, fo. 224. Vol. 1/17, fo. 52b.

[879] Chamber Accounts, Vol. 1/12, fos. 51, 65.

[880] Sir Erskine May's Parliamentary Practice, (8th ed.) p. 212.

[881] Chron. Edward I and II (Rolls Series No, 76). Introd. p. xxxiii.

[882] Letter Book C, fo. 22b.

[883] _Id._ fo. 41b.

[884] Letter Book D, fo. 149b.

[885] _Id._, fo. 151.

[886] Letter Book E, fos. 20, 22. It appears that at this election three aldermen were nominated for the mayor and aldermen to elect two, and four commoners were nominated for the mayor and aldermen to elect two.

[887] Letter Book E, fo. 46b. Elected to attend a Parliament at Lincoln in Jan. 1316, for the special purpose of considering the establishment of a Staple near Calais.

[888] Letter Book E, fo. 89. The writ was endorsed with two names only, viz., William de Leyre and William de Flete. _Id._, fo. 88b.

[889] _Id._, fo. 123b.

[890] Letter Book E, fo. 236. The Blue Book omits Richard de la Pole.

[891] _Id._, fo. 245b. The Blue Book gives in addition the name of John Priour, and adds "or two of them."

[892] Letter Book F, fo. 29b.

[893] Letter Book F, fo. 207.

[894] _Id._, fo. 215. Summoned to attend a Council.

[895] Letter Book G, fo. 18.

[896] _Id._, fo. 39.

[897] _Id._, fo. 58.

[898] _Id._, fo. 101. In the Parliamentary Blue Book, Bartholomew Frestlyng appears in place of Adam de Bury.

[899] _Id._, fo. 112b.

[900] _Id._, fo. 175.

[901] Letter Book G., fo. 238b. Summoned to attend a Council.

[902] _Id._, fo. 240. A Council.

[903] _Id._, fo. 262b.

[904] Letter Book H, fo. 28.

[905] _Id._, fo. 105b.

[906] _Id._, fo. 117.

[907] _Id._, fo. 125.

[908] _Id._, fo. 253. On fo. 255 William More is given in place of John Loveye.

[909] _Id._, fo. 288b.

[910] Letter Book I, fo. 18b.

[911] Letter Book I, fo. 35b.

[912] _Id._, fo. 88b.

[913] _Id._, fo. 105b.

[914] _Id._, fo. 119.

[915] _Id._, fo. 130.

[916] _Id._, fo. 160b.

[917] _Id._, fo. 172b.

[918] Letter Book K, fo. 8.

[919] Letter Book L, fo. 11b. Journal 7, fo. 21, 23b.

[920] Journal 7, fo. 199.

[921] Journal 9, fo. 24.

[922] _Id._, fo. 91b.

[923] Journal 9, fo. 157b.

[924] Elected member for Lincolnshire.

[925] Journal 9, fo. 279.

[926] Repertory 1, fo. 10. Elected by the Aldermen. The names of those elected by the Commonalty have not come down to us.

[927] Journal 10, fo. 301.

[928] Elected 29 Dec, 1503.--Repertory 1, fo. 150.

[929] Letter Book M, fos. 164b, 166b.

[930] Journal 11, fo. 147b, Repertory 2, fo. 125b.

[931] Letter Book M, fo. 231b, Journal 11, fo. 204b.

[932] Letter Book N, fo. 222.

[933] In Jan., 1534, the Court of Aldermen voted the usual allowances to the Recorder, Mr. Wythypol and Mr. Bowyer, the City members.--Repertory 9, fo. 41b. In October of the same year Robert Pakyngton was elected in place of William Bowyer chosen an Alderman.--(Blue Book, Appendix p. xxix), and in December Sir Thomas Seymer asked leave to resign his seat on account of ill-health.--Repertory 9, fo. 141b.

[934] Roche had been committed to prison.

[935] Elected 10 Nov., Forman being unable to attend through illness.--Repertory 11, fo. 244 (221).

[936] Elected 17 Nov., _loco_ Cholmeley, appointed King's Sergeant--Wriothesley, p. 162.

[937] Letter Book R, fo. 259b.

[938] _Id._, fo. 270b.

[939] Journal 17, fo. 161.

[940] Hyde in the Parliamentary Return.

[941] Journal 19, fo. 356b.

[942] A Writ was issued (28 Sept., 1579), for the election of a member _loco_ John Marsh, deceased.--Journal 20, part 2, fo. 516b.

[943] Journal 21, fos. 388b, 390.

[944] Date of Return, 29 Sept., 1585.--Letter Book, &c., fo. 60b.

[945] Journal 26, fo. 171; Letter Book BB, fo. 226b.

[946] _Ob._, 22, Nov. 1606.

[947] _Ob._, 27 May, 1641.

[948] Taken from Browne Willis's "Notitia Parliamentaria."

[949] The only member for the City sitting in this Parliament yet discovered. The sum of £37 4_s._ is recorded as being paid to him for his attendance as a "burgess" for the City.--Chamber Accounts, 1/11, fo. 145.

[950] _Ob._, 22 April, 1662.

[951] _Ob._, 9 Feb., 1693.--Luttrell, Diary, iii, 32.

[952] _Ob._, Oct., 1700.--Luttrell, Diary, iv, 701.

[953] Elected 22 Nov., 1707.--Luttrell, vi, 237.

[954] _Ob._, 16 July, 1707.

[955] _Ob._, March, 1714.

[956] _Ob._, 26 June, 1742.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 12, p. 831.

[957] _Ob._, 1 Nov., 1758.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 28, p. 556.

[958] _Ob._, 21 June, 1770.

[959] Elected 5 Dec., 1773.--Walpole's Journal, i, 275.

[960] _Ob._, 31 Oct., 1773.--Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 43, p. 581.

[961] _Ob. circ._, Sept., 1780.

[962] _Ob._, 30 Aug., 1781.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 51, p. 443.

[963] _Ob._, 10 Jan., 1784.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 54, pt. i, p. 73.

[964] Accepted the Stewardship of the Manor of East Hendred, co. Berks. Appointed Commissary General of Forces in March, 1793.--Journal 73, fo. 273b.

[965] _Ob._, 20 Feb., 1795.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 65, pt. i, p. 175.

[966] Accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

[967] _Ob._, 6 Feb., 1833.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 103, pt. i, p. 179.

[968] Accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

[969] _Ob._, 25 Sept., 1843.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 20, N.S., p. 541.

[970] Accepted the Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead, co. York.

[971] _Ob._, 17 May, 1863.--Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 59, N.S., p. 810.

[972] Elected 27 July, 1887.

[973] Elected 18 April, 1891.

[974] Elected 3 June, 1891.

INDEX.

Abbey of Graces, or New Abbey, suppressed, i, 398.

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, captures the Dutch Fleet, iii, 239; his death, 248.

"Abhorrers," party name of, ii, 460.

Abingdon, occupied by Essex, ii, 205.

Abney, Thomas, sheriff, knighted, ii, 574; M.P. for the City, 609; unsuccessfully contests the City, 613.

Abyndone, Stephen de, M.P. for the City, i, 178.

Acatour, Joce le, M.P. for the City, i, 118.

Acre, the seige of, raised by Sir Sidney Smith, iii, 238.

Acton, Sir William, elected mayor and discharged by Parliament, ii, 130; imprisoned in Crosby House, 173.

Adams, Thomas, his conduct as mayor approved, ii, 235; sent to the Tower, 266; impeached, 273; deprived of his aldermanry, 308; restored, 383.

Addington, succeeds the younger Pitt, iii, 248; proposes a renewal of the income tax, 252; resigns and is succeeded by Pitt, 254; proposed vote of thanks of Common Council to, 255-256; joins Pitt's ministry and is created Viscount Sidmouth, 259; withdraws from the ministry, 260.

"Addled" Parliament, the, ii, 61.

Adrian, John, elected mayor, i, 104.

Agincourt, battle of, i, 259.

Aislabie, Chancellor of the Exchequer, convicted of bribery, iii, 21; expelled from Parliament, 22.

Aix la Chapelle, treaty of, iii, 56.

Aldermen, assessed as barons, i, 217; elected for life, 243; created justices by James I, ii, 58; removal of several, 308; restored, 383; several removed and others appointed by Charles II, 396; appointed by James II, 504; to be in future nominated by the court of, 519; fined for non-attendance at swearing-in of lord mayor, 573; disputed elections of, 640-645; iii, 146-149.

---- Court of, first mention of, i, 72; its claim to veto proceedings of Common Council, ii, 304-305, 448-451, 454; matters of difference with the Common Council, 334, 448, 556; standing counsel appointed for, 454; reformed by James II, 519, 520; thanks the king for Declaration of Indulgence, 520; Jeffreys attends, with restitution of City's liberties, 530; charged with obstructing the City's business, 643; its claim to veto proceeding of Common Council confirmed by statute, iii, 27, 29; resolution of, in favour of short parliaments, 135.

Alexandria, battle of, iii, 248.

Aleyne, Thomas, elected mayor, ii, 356; knighted by Charles II, 380; the citizens take the oath of allegiance at the house of, 381.

Alfred the Great, "restores" London, i, 12.

Aliens, taxation of, i, 280, 319.

Allen, Francis, M.P., reports to the House proceedings of the Common Council, ii, 229; elected alderman, 230.

---- Sir John, mayor, particulars of, i, 394n.

---- Sir William, mayor, i, 517.

Alphage, Archbishop of Canterbury, murder of, i, 18; interred in St. Paul's, 19; removed to Canterbury, _id._

Althorp, Lord, the freedom of the City conferred on, iii, 339, 344.

Alva, Duke of, seizes English merchants in Antwerp, i, 508; his envoy in the City, 511.

Amadas, Robert, goldsmith, discharged alderman, i, 371.

Amcotes, Sir Henry, mayor, i, 431.

America, commencement of war with, iii, 142; war opposed by Chatham and the City, 149; the Massachusetts Bill, 150; New York appeals to London, 154; City address to the king for cessation of hostilities with, 157; the king's reply, 158; motion to send a reply to the appeal from New York negatived, _id._; Philadelphia appeals to the City, _id._; address of livery to electors against war with, 158-160; declaration of independence of, 166; subscriptions in aid of war with, refused in the City, 167; alliance with France, 168; the independence of, recognised, 202-203.

Amherst, Lord, adjutant-general, his order for the military to fire without waiting for directions from civil magistrate, iii, 184; objections raised by the City, 187, 188.

Amicable Loan, the, i, 374-376.

Amiens, the "Mise" of, i, 95; peace of, iii, 249.

Andrews, Thomas, mayor, placed on commission for trial of Charles the First, ii, 301; Commonwealth proclaimed by, 311; proposal to confer knighthood on, 312.

Anne, Queen of Richard II, her assistance invoked by citizens for a her death, 243, 244.

---- Queen of Richard III, coronation of, i, 323.

---- Queen, accession of, ii, 610; City addresses to, 610, 616, 623, 626, 629, 630, 635, 647, 649; her picture at the Guildhall and her statue at the Royal Exchange, 611; coronation of, _id._; her Tory proclivities, 612; attends the lord mayor's banquet, 613; at St. Paul's, 614, 616, 621, 624, 647; attends the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, 634; dismisses the Whigs, 636; her indisposition, 648; her death, 650.

---- Boleyn, her marriage with Henry VIII, i, 388; the City's welcome to, 388, 389; her coronation, 389; her execution, 395.

---- of Brittany, assisted by Henry VII against the king of France, i, 329, 330.

---- of Cleves, her passage through the City, i, 397.

Ansgar, sheriff of Middlesex, i, 32.

Antoninus Pius, his itinerary, i, 5.

Antwerp, decline of, i, 505; English merchants seized in, 508; fall of, 530, 531.

Archers, Archery, the effectiveness of the long-bow, i, 190, 192, 197; archery practised in Finsbury Fields, 190; archers furnished by the City against France, 190, 204; the City's gates to be guarded by, 220; a detachment sent by the City to put down the Pilgrimage of Grace, 304; mounted archers for defence of Calais, 480.

Armada, the, preparations in the City to meet, i, 534; ships set forth by the City, 536n.; sighted off the Lizard, 537; the fate of, 537-541.

Argyle, Earl of, defeats the Earl of Mar at Sheriffmuir, iii, 8.

Armagnac, Count of, constable of France, i, 262.

Arms, assize of, i, 120.

Army, the, a tax imposed by Parliament for maintenance of, ii, 176; objection to tax, 181; petition for reforms in, 199; rendezvous at Aylesbury, 200, 201; establishment of a standing, 208; the New Model, 214; City petition for disbandment of, 239, 240, 242; its relation to Independents and Presbyterians, 222, 240; correspondence between the City and, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251, the Declaration of, 246; City Commissioners appointed to remain with, 248; moves to Uxbridge, 249; new Commissioners sent to, 257; another Declaration of, 258; the City surrenders to, 259; enters London, 260; demands money from the City, 263; further correspondence with the City, 268, 269; ill-feeling between the City and, 275; another Declaration of, 293; returns to London, 294; pay demanded for, 296, 297; a mutiny in, 310; free quarters to be found in the City unless money be found for, 314, 315; the City consents to furnish a contingent of cavalry, 332; Parliamentary vote for disbandment of, 456; encamped at Hounslow, 518; disaffection in the camp, 528; Pitt's army of reserve, iii, 252; his Additional Force Bill, 257.

Army Plot, the, ii, 139.

Arthur, son of Henry VII, marries Catherine of Aragon, i, 335, 336.

Arundel, Edmund, Earl of, i, 158.

---- Henry, Earl of, i, 456.

---- Richard, Earl of, i, 234, 235; arrested, 244.

---- Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, his opposition to the Lollards, i, 255.

---- Sir Thomas, i, 411.

Ascue, or Ascough, Anne, trial and execution of, i, 415.

Ashurst, Sir William, stands for the City, ii, 553; elected sheriff, 565; elected mayor, 573; his unpopularity, _id._; at the head of the commission for the Bank of England, 585; M.P. for the City, 598, 607, 609, 622n., 629; unsuccessfully contests the City, 613.

Assandun, victory of the Danes at, i, 24.

Association, the, the City called upon to raise troops for protection of, ii, 220; in defence of William the Third, 600.

Aswy or Eswy, Stephen, taken prisoner, i, 122; M.P. for the City, 126.

Athelstan, his Mansion House in the City, i, 16; his encouragement of commerce, _id._

Atkin or Atkins, Thomas, M.P., committed to prison, ii, 123; released, 125; placed on commission for trial of the king, 301; proposal to confer knighthood on, 312; desired by City to make communication to Parliament, 369.

Atkins, John, M.P. for the City, loses his seat, iii, 309.

Atte Bowe, Alice, condemned to be burnt alive, i, 119.

Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester, arrested for complicity in Jacobite plot, iii, 25.

Audley, James, Lord, defeated at Blore Heath, i, 296.

---- John, Lord, i, 380.

---- Sir Thomas, the building and site of the priory of Holy Trinity bestowed on, i, 387; his death, 408.

Austin Friars, i, 399, 400.

Austrian Succession, war of the, iii, 49, 56.

Aylesbury, rendezvous of Parliamentary forces at, ii, 200, 201.

Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, advocates the appointment of special preachers in the City, i, 526, 527, 528n.

---- Lawrence, mayor, imprisoned, i, 338.

Aylyff, Sir John, barber-surgeon, first alderman of Bridge Ward Without (1550), i, 443; particulars of, 443n.

Ayres, Deputy, ii, 590.

Babington, Anthony, his conspiracy against Elizabeth, i, 532.

Backwell, Edward, alderman, assists the City with money, ii, 439; reduced to bankruptcy, owing to closing of the Exchequer, 445.

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, i, 510.

Badlesmere, Sir Bartholomew de, executed at Canterbury, i, 151.

---- Lady, insults the queen, i, 151.

Bagnall, Sir Samuel, i, 559.

Bailey, Sir William, mayor, i, 376.

Baker, John, recorder, M.P. for the City, i, 381.

Baldock, Chancellor, his house sacked, i, 158.

Baliol, Edward, surrenders the crown of Scotland to Edward III, i, 197.

Bamme, Adam, goldsmith, a candidate for the mayoralty, i, 239; mayor, 240; dies during his mayoralty, 244.

Bankes, Sir Henry, stands for mayoralty, iii, 127, 132.

Bank of England, the, foundation of, ii, 584-586; a run on, 603; makes an advance to William III, _id._; refuses to render assistance during South Sea troubles, iii, 19; "Black Friday" at, 52, 53; threatened by Gordon rioters, 184; negotiations for removal of the military guard of, 216-219; suspension of cash payments, 231; a regiment of volunteers formed by employés of, 252.

Bannockburn, defeat of Scots at, i, 141.

Barclay Conspiracy, the, ii, 599.

Bardi, the, their banking house sacked, i, 158.

"Barebone's" or the "little" parliament, ii, 346.

Barentyn, Drew, first alderman of Farringdon Within, i, 243; mayor, takes horse to meet the Duke of Lancaster, 245.

Barnard, Sir John, M.P. for the City, opposes passing of Election Act (II Geo., i. c. 18), iii, 28; opposes Walpole's Excise Bill, 36; re-elected M.P. for the City, 47; again elected, 56.

Barnes, Sir George, mayor, signs "counterfeit will" of Edward VI, i, 453.

Barnet, battle of, i, 314.

Barons, the, revolt of, i, 59; meeting of, at St. Paul's, 63, 72; at Bury St. Edmunds, 73; elect Robert Fitz-Walter as their leader, 74; admitted into London, 77; war between John and, 78; invite Louis the Dauphin over, 79; supported by London, 89; reject the Mise of Amiens, 95; in league with the citizens of London, _id._; refuse to go abroad with Edward I, 127; insist upon a confirmation of their charters, 128; elect ordainers, 133; admitted into the City, 136; the City's gates barred against, 138; Edward II comes to terms with, 141; in the City, 167.

Barrington, Lord, burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, iii, 118.

Barton, Elizabeth, executed, i, 390.

---- Henry, mayor, appointed commissioner for victualling the navy, i, 261.

Basing-House, siege of, ii, 196.

Basset, Philip, appointed chief justiciar, i, 91.

---- Robert, alderman, his gallant resistance to the Kentish rebels, i, 316.

Bateman, Sir Anthony, mayor, the French Ambassador insulted at the banquet of, ii, 404.

---- Sir James, subscribes to loan to Prince Eugene, ii, 624.

---- Robert, ii, 25.

Batencurt, Luke de, sheriff, goes to Paris to confer with King Edward I, i, 116.

Bathurst, Lord, President of the Council, the City's correspondence with, touching the right of the citizens to arm themselves, iii, 187-190.

Baxter, Richard, trial of, ii, 510; his opposition to James II, 521.

Baylis, Robert, his contest with Richard Brocas for aldermanry of Bread Street Ward, iii, 15-16.

Baynard's Castle. Robert Fitz-Walter, owner of, i, 74.

Beachcroft, Sir Robert, mayor, ii, 642.

Beam, the Great, reconveyed by Henry VIII to the City, i, 387, 388.

Beam, the Small, granted to Jacobina la Lumbard, i, 124; granted to a friend of Hugh le Despenser, 133, 141.

Beaufort, Edmund. _See_ Somerset.

---- Henry, Bishop of Winchester, quarrels with Gloucester, i, 270; goes to France, 271, 273, 277; created a cardinal, 271; his goods seized, 277.

Becket, Gilbert, Portreeve of London, i, 55; his tomb in St. Paul's Churchyard, 57.

---- Thomas, his birth, i, 55; made chancellor and archbishop, 56; his memory long cherished by the citizens, _id._; St. Thomas de Acon and S. Thomas's Hospital dedicated to, 57; his image over the gate of Mercers' Chapel, 125; windows relative to, altered at the Reformation, 425.

Beckford, William, alderman, Pitt's letter to, iii, 67; causes Bute to be insulted at the Guildhall, 69; supports Wilkes in Parliament, 71, 72; supports Chatham's East India Bill, 79; re-elected mayor, 90; his magnificent entertainment, 98; his failure to "fix" Rockingham, 99; his famous speech, 102; the City's thanks to, 103; his last days, 105.

Bedford, Edward, Earl of, arrested for treason, i, 562.

---- John, Duke of, question of his precedence at the Guildhall, i, 257, 258; presides over parliament, 263; rivalry with the Duke of Gloucester, 268; appointed Protector during minority of Henry VII, 269; goes to France, 271; returns to defend himself before parliament, 278; sets an example of economy, _id._; death of, 279.

Bekering, Thomas, engaged in the Trumpington Conspiracy, i, 248.

Belknap, Robert, refuses the City's claims at coronation of Richard the Second, i, 213.

Benevolence, a, opposed by the City, i, 411.

Benfleet, South co., Essex, Danish fortification at, i, 13.

Benn, Antony, recorder, ii, 67; knighted, 72.

Berkeley, Lord Thomas, i, 380.

Berlin Decree, the, iii, 267.

Berry, Captain, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 237.

Berwick, captured by Bruce, i, 141; recovered by Edward III, 197.

Bethell, Slingsby, sheriff, ii, 472, 473, 475; fined for creating a disturbance in Common Hall, 493; returns to England, 548.

---- Slingsby, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 56.

Bethlehem Hospital, conveyed to the City, i, 451.

Betoyne, Richard de, connives at Mortimer's escape from the Tower, i, 154; elected mayor, 159; appointed warden of the Tower, _id._; accompanies City members to Parliament at Lincoln, 162; M.P. for the City, 163, 174; mayor of the Staple, disagrees with his colleagues at York, 174-176; his conduct approved, 177.

Bide, John, alderman and sheriff, ii, 269.

Bigod, Hugh, justiciar of the City, i, 89, 90.

---- Roger, his altercation with the king, i, 127.

Billers, Sir William, mayor, his unpopularity, iii, 38.

Billingsgate, the City's right to tolls at, i, 308.

Billingsley, Sir Henry, the daughter of Sir John Spencer committed to the charge of, i, 553; elected M.P. for the City, ii, 8.

Bill of Rights, ii, 553.

Bill of Rights Society, iii, 124.

Birch, Samuel, his inscription on statue of George III, iii, 281; his proposed visit to Paris to present swords of honour to Blucher and others after Waterloo, 290.

Bishops, the seven, sent to the Tower, ii, 526; trial and acquittal of, 527.

Black Death. _See_ Plague.

Black Friars, Parliament meet in house of the, i, 133, 370; the legatine court at the house of the, 379, 380; their house suppressed, 398.

Blackfriars Bridge, formerly known as "Pitt Bridge," iii, 65.

"Black Friday," iii, 52.

Blackwell, William, town clerk, i, 473.

Blake, admiral, his victory over the Dutch, ii, 344.

Blenheim, battle of, ii, 616.

Blois, Henry de, Bishop of Winchester, acts as intermediary between Stephen and the Empress Matilda, i, 47; his speech before the Synod at Winchester, 48.

Blore Heath, defeat of Lord Audley by the Earl of Salisbury at, i, 295, 296.

Blound, John le, mayor, knighted, i, 130.

Bludworth, Sir Thomas, nominated alderman by Charles II, ii, 396; his conduct at the Fire of London, 415, 418; elected sheriff, 470.

Boleyn, Thomas. _See_ Rochford.

Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, afterwards Viscount, forms a Tory Ministry, ii, 638; takes refuge in France to avoid impeachment, iii, 5; assists the Pretender, 6.

Bolton, Peter, iii, 13.

---- Sir William, elected mayor, ii, 425; Courts of Aldermen held at his house, 429; proposal to appoint him surveyor-general for the rebuilding of the city, 432; convicted of embezzlement, 432n.

Bond, Sir George, mayor, summons the citizens to church at the approach of the Armada, i, 538.

---- Martin, his monument, in St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, i, 545.

---- William, alderman, owner of Crosby House, i, 512.

Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, deprived of his see, i, 438, 439; his sentence confirmed, 440; his bishopric conferred on Ridley, _id._; re-instated, 458.

"Book of Sports," the, burnt in Cheapside, ii, 187.

Boroughbridge, battle of, i, 152.

Bosworth, battle of, i, 326.

Boulogne, captured by Henry VIII, i, 409-411; threatened by the French king, 414; surrendered by Warwick, 445; threatened by Spain, 556.

Bourne, Doctor, his sermon at Paul's Cross, i, 458.

Bowes, Sir Martin, mayor, improves the City's water supply, i, 416; member of Hospital Committee, 417; accompanies remains of Henry VIII to Windsor, 419.

Box, Henry, grocer, his school at Witney, co. Oxon, i, 353.

---- Ralph, a candidate for the shrievalty, ii, 473, 480; elected, 483; discharged, 486; knighted, 548.

Boy-Bishop, the, ceremony in connection with, discontinued in the City, i, 421.

Bradley, Matthew, ii, 138.

Bradshaw, John, heads the commission for trial of Charles the First, ii, 301; his letter to the City, touching its Irish estates, ii, 326.

Breda, the Declaration of, ii, 377; treaty of, 437.

Brembre, Nicholas, carries a letter from the City to the king, i, 206; appointed mayor by the king, 211; promulgates charter forbidding foreigners to traffic by retail, 214; opposes the Duke of Lancaster, 215; arraigned and fined, 216; subscribes to fund for winning back the nobility to the City, _id._; knighted, 220; re-elected mayor, 224, 227, 228; confers with the king, 231; his complicity in the king's attempt upon the life of the Duke of Gloucester, 233; charged with treason, 234; his flight and capture, 235; his trial, 236; executed, 237.

Brentford, co. Middlesex, Charles I in possession of, ii, 175; withdraws from, 176; John Horne (Tooke), vicar of, iii, 87.

Bretigny, peace of, i, 199.

Breton, John le, warden of the City, i, 122, 128; assists in furnishing ships, 126.

Brice, Hugh, mayor, coronation cup of Richard III, in custody of, i, 323; re-elected mayor, 327.

Bridewell, Parliament sits at, i, 381; converted into a workhouse, 451.

Bridge House Estate, the, return of rental of, i, 252.

Bridge Ward Without. _See_ Southwark.

Bridgen, Edward, iii, 13.

---- William, mayor, fails to assist the sheriffs in burning No. 45 of the _North Briton_, iii, 76; Wilkes proposes to use him as a stalking-horse, 126.

Broad, John, goldsmith, ii, 32.

Broad-bottomed administration, the, iii, 57.

Brocas, Richard, his contest with Robert Baylis for aldermanry of Bread Street Ward, iii, 15-16.

Broke, captain of the "Shannon," presented with the freedom of the City, iii, 287.

Bromfield, Sir Edward, ii, 125.

Brooke, Sir Basil, his plot for winning the City for the king, ii, 197.

Broom, coroner, arrests the mayor, ii, 501; is suspended, 502; re-instated, 549.

Brougham, his motion for Parliamentary reform, iii, 329.

Brown, John, elected alderman and discharged, i, 379.

Browne, Major-General Sir Richard, ii, 206, 207, 216; arrested, 295; deprived of his aldermanry, 319; restored, 383; elected mayor, 384; appointed major-general of the City's forces, 385.

Bruce, Robert, captures Berwick, i, 141.

Bruges, recovery of, by the English army, ii, 629.

Brugge, Sir John, mayor, i, 367.

Bryan, William, engaged in the Trumpington Conspiracy, i, 248.

Buckingham, Edward, Duke of, his manor of The Rose in the parish of St. Laurence Pountney, the late site of Merchant Taylors' School, i, 366; his trial at the Guildhall and execution, 366-367.

---- George, Duke of, his unpopularity in the City, ii, 100, 105; his expedition to Rhé, 103; assassination of, 108.

---- Henry, Duke of, his harangue at the Guildhall in favour of Gloucester, i, 321; rebellion and execution of, 324.

---- Owen, sheriff, knighted, ii, 598; as mayor, entertains the Duke of Marlborough, 617; late alderman of Bishopsgate Ward, 644.

---- _See_ Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of.

Bucklersbury, a mass-house in, sacked ii, 533.

Bull, Frederick, alderman, elected sheriff, iii, 121; elected mayor and M.P. for the City, 141; seconds motion that Lord Gordon's petition do lie on the table of the House, 179; charged by Wilkes with having connived at Gordon riots, 190; again returned M.P. for the City, 192; his letter to the livery, 193.

Bulmer, his waterworks at Broken Wharf, ii, 19.

Bunce, James, alderman, committed to the Tower, ii, 266; impeached, 273; deprived of his aldermanry, 308; restored, 383.

Bunyan, John, his opposition to James II, ii, 521.

Burdett, Sir Francis, committed to the Tower, iii, 276; his committal followed by riots, 277; vote of thanks of the livery to, _id._

Burgh, Hubert de, defeats French fleet off Dover, i, 81; causes Fitz-Athulf to be hanged, 82; in disgrace, 84.

Burgundy, Charles, Duke of, marries Margaret, sister of Edward IV, i. 309.

---- John, Duke of, murder of, i, 265.

---- Philip, Duke of, comes to terms with Henry V, i, 265; lays siege to Calais, 279, 280; commerce of London hindered by, 289.

Burke, Edmund, thanked by the livery for policy towards American colonies, iii, 152; writes the inscription for Chatham's monument in the Guildhall, 171; his Economical Reform Bill, 175, 176.

Burnell, Anne, i, 552.

Burnet, Bishop, his opinion on the parliamentary elections of 1710, ii, 637, 638.

Burrard, Sir Harry, iii, 269.

Burton, Henry, enters London with Prynne, ii, 134.

Bury, Adam de, alderman, deposed, i, 205.

Bute, Marquis of, appointed Secretary of State, iii, 67; insulted at Lord Mayor's banquet, 69; forced to declare war against Spain, 70, 72; resigns, 73.

"Bye" or "Surprise" Plot, the, ii, 7.

Byng, Admiral, his victory off Cape Passaro, iii, 40; outcry against, for loss of Minorca, 59, 60; tried and shot, 61.

Byron, Sir John, holds the Tower for Charles I, ii, 162.

Cade, Jack, rebellion of, i, 282-285.

Cadiz, capture of, i, 555; expedition to, ii, 94.

Caen, capture of, by Edward III, i, 191; by Henry V, 262; the citizens to send provisions to, free of duty, 263.

Cæsar, Sir Julius, Chancellor of Exchequer, ii, 22.

Calais, taken by King Edward III, i, 193; abortive attempt by the French to re-capture, 195; besieged by the Duke of Burgundy, 279; appeals to London for assistance, _id._; City forces sent to raise siege of, 280; the Duke of Gloucester appointed captain of, _id._; the Duke of Somerset captain of, 287; the City again called upon to assist, 289; the loss of, 480; falls into the hands of Spain, 556.

Caleys, John of, enlists volunteers in the City, for France, i, 412.

Calthorp, Sir Martin, his charity to disbanded soldiers, i, 547.

Calvert, William, sheriff, knighted, iii, 50; M.P. for the City, _id._; re-elected, 56.

Campden, Edward, Viscount, attends the Common Council, ii, 128.

Campeggio, Cardinal, his reception in the City, i, 362-364; presides over Legatine Court at the Blackfriars, in the matter of the divorce of Catherine of Aragon, 380.

Campion, the Jesuit, arrives in England, i, 525; execution of, 528.

Candler, Richard, his insurance business, i, 500.

Canning, the City's satisfaction at his accepting office, iii, 326.

Cantelowe, William, alderman, committed to prison, for complicity in an attack upon the Lombards, i, 292; particulars of, 292n.

Canterbury, Archbishop of, question of his precedency at the Guildhall, i, 257, 258. _See also_ Alphage; Arundel; Chichele; Cranmer; Sudbury.

Cape Breton, capture of, iii, 56.

Capel, Sir William, alderman, fined, i, 338; M.P. for the City, 345n.

Cardmaker, _alias_ Taylor, John, burnt, i, 474.

Cardonel, Philip de, his scheme for raising money, ii, 447.

Caroline, Queen, wife of George IV, City addresses to, iii, 316, 317; her trial, 317; holds Court at Brandenburgh House, 318; presents her portrait to the City, 319; attends service at St. Paul's, _id._; her death, 321; disgraceful scene at her funeral, 322.

Carpenter, John, town clerk, founder of the City of London School, i, 349, 350; picture of the Dance of Death in cloister of Pardon churchyard, painted at his expense, 427.

---- Dr. John, master of St. Antony's School, i, 349.

Carter, Robert, i, 385.

Carteret, George, afterwards Viscount Carteret and Earl Granville, iii, 48, 49; his want of patriotism, 52.

Casimir, Count, entertained by Sir Thomas Gresham, i, 520; the City's gift to, 521.

Cass, John, M.P. for the City, ii, 638.

Castro, Bartholomew de, builds the refectory of the Grey Friars, i, 402.

Caswall, Sir George, expelled from Parliament and committed to the Tower, iii, 20, 21.

Cater, William, ii, 71.

Catesby, Robert, plans the Gunpowder Plot, ii, 13.

Catherine of Aragon, preparations for her reception in the City, i, 335; her marriage with Prince Arthur, 336; her marriage with Henry viii, 344; City gift to, at coronation, _id._; rejoicings at the news of her pregnancy, 354; proceedings at the Blackfriars relative to her divorce, 379, 380.

Catherine, of Braganza, City gift to, ii, 399.

---- Parr, queen of Henry viii, appointed regent, i, 409.

Catholic emancipation, at one time opposed, afterwards favoured by the City, iii, 326.

Caustone, John de, M.P. for the City, i, 178.

Cecil, Sir Robert, his house at Theobalds, ii, 2.

---- Sir William, Lord Burghley, i, 511, 514.

Chalgrove Field, battle of, ii, 188.

Chamberlain, Sir Leonard, appointed lieutenant of the Tower, i, 435.

Chambers, Richard, alderman, disputes the king's right to levy ship money, ii, 115; deprived of his aldermanry for not attending proclamation of Commonwealth, 311, 312.

Champion, Sir George, M.P., for Aylesbury, rejected for mayoralty for having upheld the Spanish Convention, iii, 42, 43, 45.

Chantrey, Sir Francis, his statue of George the third in the Council Chamber, iii, 281.

Chantries, suppression of, i, 414, 424.

Chapman, Sir John, appointed mayor by James II, ii, 530; re-elected by the citizens, 533; seized with apoplexy whilst trying Jeffreys, 537; death of 546.

Charles, Prince, afterwards King Charles I, joy of the citizens at his return from Spain without the Infanta, ii, 84; his marriage with Henrietta Maria, 86, 93; his claim to tonnage and poundage, 108; goes to Scotland, 111; demands ship money, _id._; his charter to the City, 118; City gift to, on return from Scotland, 121; attempts to force a loan from the City, 122; again goes to Scotland, 142; entertained in the City, 147; promises to restore the City's Irish Estate, 149; attempts to arrest the Five Members, 155; City's petition to, 158; his reply, 160; leaves London, 161; City's deputation to, at Oxford, 178-180; the Common Hall rejects his terms, 180; Parliamentary terms rejected by, 183; issues a commission of array to Gardiner, 187; besieges Gloucester, 193; retires to Oxford, 196; leaves Oxford, 206; re-enters Oxford, 212; betakes himself to Newark after defeat at Rowton Heath, 222; proposes to come to Westminster, 225; offers to compromise the religious question, 226; communicates with the City, 234; the City's reply, 235, 237; removed from Holmby House by Cornet Joyce, 242; his answer to propositions for peace, 257; negotiations for a personal treaty with, 282-285; Levellers' petition against negotiating with, 291; trial and execution of, 301; his statue removed from Royal Exchange, 330.

Charles Prince, afterwards King Charles II, birth of, ii, 109; letter and declaration of, sent to the City, 289; further correspondence with the City, 340, 377; issues the declaration of Breda, 377; the City's answer, 378; City gift to, 379; the City sends commissioners to, _id._; proclaimed king, 380; enters London, _id._; Richmond Park restored to, 381; the citizens take the oath of allegiance, _id._; entertained by the City, 384; coronation of, 389-391; letter from, _re_ election of Common Council, 398; his charter to the City, 403; his reception on return from a progress, 404; his efforts to suppress the Fire, 416; declares war with the Dutch, 445; his illness, 459; prohibits "tumultuous petitions," 460; livery petition to, _id._; City petitions and addresses to, 461, 463, 465, 475, 498; reluctantly accepts an invitation to dinner on lord mayor's day, 474; issues writ of _Quo Warranto_ against the City, 476; tries to obtain a royalist Common Council, 494; death of, 505.

Charles V of Spain, elected Emperor, i, 364; his visit to the City, 364, 365; enters into a league against France, 373.

Charles, Prince of Castile, married by proxy to Mary, daughter of King Henry VII, i, 339.

Charles Edward Stuart, Prince (the young Pretender), prepares to invade England, iii, 49; failure of expedition, 50; lands in Scotland, _id._; his march to Derby, 51, 52; withdraws from Derby, 54; defeated at Culloden, 55.

Charleton, John de, opposes Betoyne at York, i, 175-177.

Charlotte, Queen, wife of George III, her picture at the Guildhall, iii, 70.

---- Princess, daughter of George IV, her portrait presented to the City by Queen Caroline, iii, 319.

Charter-house, the, suppressed, i, 390-393.

Chastillon, Cardinal, entertained by Gresham, i, 504.

Chatham Place, iii, 65.

Chauncy, Maurice, his account of the proceedings against the Charter-house, i, 390-392.

Cheapside, Queen Eleanor's cross in, i, 125; "Post of Reformation" set up in, 473; destruction of cross in, ii, 187.

Cheriton, Waller's victory at, ii, 199.

"Chesapeake" the, defeated by the "Shannon," iii, 286, 287.

Cheshire, Royalist rising in, ii, 354.

Chester, siege of, ii, 224.

---- Ranulph, Earl of, i, 84.

Chetwyn, Philip, objects to Skippon being placed in command of City forces, ii, 276; charges Alderman Gibbs with lying, 292; committed to Warwick Castle, 319.

Cheyne, William, recorder, i, 230.

Chichele, Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 256.

---- Robert, mayor, ordered to make valuation of property in the City, i, 251; return of his own rental, 252.

Chichester, Sir Arthur, ii, 33.

Chigwell, Hamo de, elected mayor, i, 149, 150; deposed, 153; appointed tax collector, 162; re-elected mayor, 165; abused by a brother alderman, _id._; trial of, at Guildhall, 169.

Child, Francis, alderman, knighted, ii, 552; elected sheriff, 555; M.P. for the City, 613; opposes passing of Election Act (II Geo. i, c. 18), iii, 28.

---- Sir Josiah, a director of the East India Company, ii, 575, 576; examined on the company's expenditure, 596; his security for a loan to the king, 603.

Chimney Tax. _See_ Hearth Tax.

Chinon, death of Henry II, at, i, 61.

Chiverton, Richard, mayor, knighted by Cromwell, ii, 352.

Christchurch, Newgate, soldiers quartered in, during Gordon riots, iii, 192.

Christ's Hospital, founded by the City, i, 450.

Cintra, Convention of, the City's indignation at the, iii, 269; enquiry demanded, 272-274.

Cissor, Philip, or the tailor, M.P. for the City, i, 118.

Clarence, George, Duke of, intrigues with Warwick, i, 310.

---- Thomas, Duke of, informs the citizens of the king's success abroad, i, 262.

Clarendon, Henry, Earl of, recalled from Ireland, ii, 516.

Clark, Edward, alderman, knighted, ii, 552; elected sheriff, 555.

---- Sir George, sent to Charles I at Oxford, ii, 180.

Clarke, Sir Samuel, candidate for aldermanry of Langbourn Ward, ii, 642.

---- William, concerned in the Bye Plot, ii, 7.

Clayton, Sir Robert, alderman, M.P. for the City, ii, 458, 464, 538, 598, 607, 609, 622n.; mayor, 460; attends presentation of address to Charles II, 475; declines aldermanry at the restoration of City's charter, 531; unsuccessfully contests the City, 553, 606, 613; witnesses presentation of a bribe to the Speaker, 590; M.P. for Bletchingly, 613; his death, 622n.

Clements, Jaques, assassinates the French king, i, 548.

Clerkenwell Prison, inmates of, set free by Gordon rioters, iii, 183.

Cleve, Goscelin de, i, 195.

Cleveland, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, brought prisoner to London, ii, 342.

Cleydon, John, executed for Lollardry, i, 256.

Clifford, Thomas, Lord, recommends Charles II to close the Exchequer, ii, 444.

Clinton, Edward, Lord, i, 491.

Closterman, his picture of Queen Anne, ii, 611.

Clothworkers of London, Dutch envoys to Elizabeth entertained by, i, 530; committee for fitting out ships against the Armada sit at the Hall of, 536; James I, a member of company of, ii, 12; the company's subscription to bounties for soldiers, iii, 64.

Clough, Richard, Gresham's agent in Antwerp, i, 496, 511.

Cnut, elected king by the Danish fleet, i, 20; takes refuge in Denmark, 21; returns, 22; attacks London, 23; his victory at Assandun, 24; agrees with Edmund for a division of the kingdom, _id._; elected king of all England, 25.

Coal, an import laid on, for assisting to rebuild the City after the Great Fire, ii, 430-434; abolition of coal and wine dues, iii, 349, 350.

Cobham, Edward, Lord, marches to London with Richard, Duke of Gloucester, i, 287.

---- Eleanor, i, 271; tried as a witch, 281.

Cobold, Thomas, engaged in the Trumpington Conspiracy, i, 248.

Cockaine, Sir William, alderman, ii, 26, 68; governor of the Irish Society, 38, 42; entertains King James, 69.

Coleman, Edward, executed, ii, 458.

Colet, Henry, alderman, i, 348.

---- John, Dean of St. Paul's, i, 348; founder of St. Paul's, school, 350-352.

College, Stephen, the "Protestant joiner," trial of, ii, 467, 468.

Collett, James, sheriff, knighted, ii, 606.

Collier, Richard, mercer, his school at Horsham, i, 353.

Combe, Harvey, his conduct during bread riots, iii, 241-245.

Committee of Both Kingdoms, formation of, ii, 199; draws up proposals for peace, 201; re-appointed, 203, 204.

Committee of Correspondence, formed by the City, iii, 175, 178; dissolved, 193; a committee formed by the livery, 196; the use of the Guildhall allowed the committee, _id._

Committee of Grievances, report of, 541-543.

Committee of Safety at the Guildhall, ii, 244.

Committees of Association, formation of, iii, 175, 176; Lord Shelburne and the Wiltshire Committee, 177; the City accepts form of Association, 178; the use of the Guildhall refused to, 193.

Common Council, elected by the guilds, i, 206; the old system reverted to, 207; held in the Church of St. Stephen, Walbrook, 312; a loan extorted from, ii, 129; supports Pym, 152; Charles I demands the Five Members from, 157; petition for peace laid before, 177; sends a deputation to the king, 178; makes proposals for reduction of Newcastle, 189; parliament entertained by, 198, 234; their objection to present petitions to parliament unless drawn up by themselves, 217; petition to parliament by, _id._; the Covenant taken by members of, 226; Scottish commissioners attend, 228; Fairfax invited to dinner by, 261; a personal treaty with Charles demanded by, 282; a purge administered to, 297; disorderly proceedings in, 298, 299; the claim of the Court of Aldermen to veto proceedings of, 304, 448-451; proceedings of, regulated by Act of Parliament, 304; a further purge administered to, 306, 307; more matters of difference with the Court of Aldermen, 334, 556-558, 643-645; dissolved by the Rump, 366; restored, 371; Charles II tampers with, 494; ceases to sit, 509, 519; resumes its sittings after restoration of City Charter, 532; opposes Election Bill (II Geo. i, c. 18), iii, 28; New York appeals to, 154; motion to send a reply to the appeal from New York negatived in, _id._; Philadelphia appeals to, _id._

Common Hall, votes £100,000 for Parliament, ii, 167; rejects terms offered by Charles I, 180; an Act touching elections in, 329, 330; petitions Charles II for parliament to be allowed to sit, 460; elections in, 469; presents an address to Charles II, 475; resolution of, to stand by King William, 601; remonstrance on Luttrell being declared M.P. for Middlesex, iii, 88, 89; resolutions reflecting on Lord Holland, 91; another remonstrance, 91-93; remonstrance objected to by certain livery companies, 93; the king hesitates to receive it as being "entirely new," 94-96; the king's reply, 97; the remonstrance condemned by Parliament, 98; another remonstrance (1771), calling upon the king to dissolve Parliament, 119; the livery not allowed to attend in a body, 120; another remonstrance (1773), in favour of short parliaments, 135; the king's reply, 137; opinion of Glynn, Recorder, as to rights of livery in Common Hall, 138; Plumbe's case determining jurisdiction of Court of Aldermen over livery, 138-139; counsels' opinion as to power of the livery in, 139-140; another remonstrance (1775), against policy towards America, 150-152; thanks of the livery to Chatham and Burke, 152; the king's reply to remonstrance, _id._; the king refuses to receive future addresses of the livery, on the throne, 153; resolution of the livery thereon, 155; vote of thanks to Lord Effingham for refusing to take part in the American war, _id._; a new remonstrance to the king against war with America, 156; remonstrance not presented, the king refusing to receive it on the throne, _id._; address of the livery to electors, against the war, 158-160; another remonstrance to be received on throne, 193-194; not presented, 195; a Committee of Correspondence formed by the livery, 196; the livery petition Parliament for a peace with France, 226; urges the king to dismiss his ministers, 232-233; address of the livery touching the Convention of Cintra, not received, 273-274; a vote of thanks to Sir Francis Burdett, 277; strong petition for Parliamentary reform, 278; petition dismissed, 280; another petition allowed to lie on the table, 281; address of livery to Prince Regent, not presented, 283-285; another address to the same for reformation of abuses, not presented, 296; judicial decision that the livery have no right to introduce matters for consideration in, other than those for which they are assembled, 311; address to William IV, not presented, 328-329; address to the king, praying him to create a sufficient number of peers to enable the Reform Bill to be passed, 341; the rights of the livery reserved in Reform Bill, 343-344.

Commonwealth, the, establishment of, ii, 303, 311.

Commune, a, granted to the Citizens of London i, 64.

Companies, Livery, contribute to a gift of £500 to the king, 201; stand by Henry VI, against the Duke of York, 303; the Corporation deprived of the control of, 337; called upon by Wolsey to surrender their plate towards a loan, 368, 369; precept to, for contingent to oppose Pilgrimage of Grace, 394; subscribe to loans to Queen Mary, 467, 482; loan of £100,000 to Parliament by, ii, 167; £50,000 raised by, 193; arbitrary treatment of, by the king, 505; refuse to obey mayor's precept, 616. _See also_ Ulster Plantation, Virginia Plantation, &c.

Compton, Bishop of London, signs invitation to the Prince of Orange, ii, 529.

---- William, Lord, marries "Rich" Spencer's daughter, i, 553, 554.

Concealed lands, commission to search for, i, 531; Statute (21, Jas. I, c. 2,) relative to, ii, 87.

Conduit, Reginald de, leader of city forces against Scotland, i, 180.

"Confirmatio Cartarum" the, i, 128.

Conyers, Gerard, elected alderman, ii, 640, 641.

Cook, Sir Thomas, alderman, governor of the East India Company, ii, 578; charged with mis-using the Company's money, 593-595; sent to the Tower, 594, 596; elected mayor and discharged, 597; contests Colchester, 599.

Cooke, Osmond, City marshal, iii, 75.

Cooke or Coke, Sir Thomas, alderman, committed to prison, i, 310; seeks restoration of his lands, seized by Lord Rivers, 312, 313.

Cope, Sir John, defeated by the Young Pretender at Preston Pans, iii, 51.

Copenhagen, battle of, iii, 249.

Copland, Rev. Patrick, his sermon at Bow Church, ii, 55.

Copley, Anthony, plots against James I., ii, 7.

---- John, his picture commemorating the relief of Gibraltar, iii, 202.

Cordell, Sir John, alderman, imprisoned in Crosby House, ii, 173.

Cordwainers of London, Wardmote held at Hall of, iii, 15.

Cornewall, Sir George, M.P. for co. Hereford, iii, 198.

Cornhill, Gervase de, sheriff of London, i, 45.

---- Henry de, sides with Longchamp, i, 62; joins the Barons, 77.

Cornish, Henry, Alderman, sheriff, ii, 464, 472, 473, 475; assaulted by the military at Guildhall, 489; a candidate for the mayoralty, 490; fined for creating a disturbance in the Common Hall, 493; trial and execution of, 512-514; his attainder reversed, 548.

Corn Law, introduction of the first, iii, 294-295.

Cornwall, Edmund, Earl of, regent during the absence of King Edward the First, i, 123.

Cornwallis, Lord, surrenders at Yorktown, iii, 193.

Coronations, City's claim to service at, i, 69, 213, 275, 307, 323, 389, 421, 485, ii, 389, 508, 540, 611; Coronation Cup of Richard III presented to the Commonalty, i, 323, 324; report of remembrancer as to manner of making City's claim at, iii, 32.

Coronation Stone, removed by Edward I, from Scone to Westminster Abbey, i, 126; proposal to reconvey to Scone, 163.

Corporation Act, the, passed, ii, 394; bill for repealing, 463; the mayor instructed to see its provisions enforced at coming election of Common Council, 494; Act for quieting corporations guilty of having neglected provisions of, iii, 11-12; attempt to obtain repeal of, 34, 35; repeal of, 326-327.

Corporations, taken in hand by James II, ii, 508, 509, 518, 519; bill for restoring, 552.

Cottington, Lord, attends the Common Council, ii, 126.

Cotun, John de, alderman, his abuse of Chigwell, i, 165.

Council of State, the, formation of, ii, 303.

Courtenay, William, Bishop of London, insulted by John of Gaunt, i, 209.

Covenant, the, taken by the Common Council, ii, 226.

Coventry, Sir William, ii, 409.

Cradock, Matthew, M.P. for the City, his speech in the house against Strafford, ii, 132; advocates the restoration of the City's Irish estate, 133.

Craggs, Secretary of State, expresses regret at insult offered to alderman Ward, iii, 16; convicted of receiving bribes from directors of South Sea Company, 21; his death, _id._

Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, conducts service at St. Paul's, i, 431; letter from the Lords of the Council to, 435; sent to the Tower, 458; trial of, at Guildhall, 460; burnt at Oxford, 474.

Crayford, Britons defeated at, i, 7.

Creçy, battle of, i, 192.

Crepyn, Ralph, M.P. for the City, i, 118; his affair with Laurence Duket, 119.

Croke, or Crooke, John, recorder, chosen Speaker, i, 564.

Crombwelle, John de, Constable of the Tower, removed from office, i, 147.

Crome, Dr. Edward, rector of St. Mary, Aldermary, recantation of, at Paul's Cross, i, 415.

Cromwell, Oliver, re-appointed to command in the army after the Self-denying Ordinance, ii, 215; made Lieutenant-General, 318; opposed the army's approach to London, 252; goes to Wales, 277; success of, at Preston, 290; desires a loan of the Common Council, 310; City gift to, 313; success of, in Ireland, 326; welcomed on his return, 327; his victory at Dunbar, 328; his letter to the City, 331; his victory at Worcester, 341; returns to London, 342; summons a parliament, 346; nominated Protector, and entertained by the City, 347; declines the title of king, 349; nominates a House of Lords, 350; his death, 352.

---- Richard, proclaimed Protector, ii, 353.

---- Thomas, i, 381; his attitude toward the City, 386; appointed Vicar-General, 392; supervises the suppression of the monasteries, 397; institutes parish registers, 403; letters to, from Sir Richard Gresham, touching the erection of a Burse, 494.

Crosby, Brass, elected mayor, iii, 106; carries up an address to the king, 107; upholds the freedom of the Press, _id._; orders the discharge of Miller, accepting his recognisance to prosecute the messenger of the House of Commons, 108, 109; defends his conduct before the House, 109-112, 115; committed to the Tower, 116; regains his liberty, 119; again stands for the mayoralty, 127; gift of plate to, 128.

Crosby House, the palace of Richard III, i, 320; the agent of the Duke of Alva lodged in, 512; delinquents committed to custody in, ii, 173.

Cross, Sir Robert, i, 562.

Crossed or Crutched Friars, the Corporation of London regarded as their "second founders," i, 401.

Crowmere, William, mayor, appointed commissioner to enquire into cases of treason, &c., in the City, i, 269.

Culloden Moor, victory of the Duke of Cumberland at, iii, 55.

Cullum, Thomas, sheriff, committed to the Tower, ii, 266.

Cumberland, George, Earl of, i, 560.

---- William, Duke of, endeavours to intercept the young Pretender, iii, 52, 53; presented with the freedom of the City, 54, 55.

Currency, the, debased, i, 445.

Curtis, Sir William, alderman, engaged in suppressing bread riots, iii, 242; loses his seat for the City, 309; inveighs against the Common Council before Parliament, 323; his speech voted an unfounded calumny, 324.

Customs of the City, charter of Edward III, granting right to vary, i, 188.

Cut, Richard, put in the pillory for circulating evil rumours, i, 466.

Dalrymple, Sir Hugh, iii, 269.

Dalton, James, his speech in Common Council upon discovery of the Babington Conspiracy, i, 532.

Dalyngrigge, Sir Edward, warden of the city, i, 242.

Damer, Hon. Mrs., executes a bust of Nelson for the City, iii, 237; her offer to execute a monument in honour of Nelson, declined, 262.

Danby, Thomas, Earl of, impeached, ii, 458; signs invitation to Prince of Orange, 529. _See also_ Leeds, Duke of.

Danegelt, first payment of, i, 17; revival of, 27; the City exempt from, 41; revived under a new name, 69.

Danelagh, the, i, 11.

Danes, the, in London, i, 11; expelled, 11, 12; attack of, repelled by the citizens, 13; their re-appearance (896), _id._; their return (_temp._ Ethelred II), 16; massacre of, 17; defeated at London Bridge, 20; victory of, at Assandun, 24.

Dangerfield, cruel punishment of, ii, 510.

Daniel, Peter, Sheriff, ii, 509.

Darc, Jeanne, the maid of Orleans, i, 272.

Dartmouth, Lord, receives the seals, ii, 637; a City deputation to, 645, 646.

Dashwood, Francis, elected mayor, ii, 613; knighted, 614.

---- Sir Samuel, M.P. for the City, ii, 509, 554; elected mayor, 613.

D'Assoleville, Monsieur, agent of the Duke of Alva, lodged at Crosby House, i, 511, 512.

Daubeny, Lady, her part in Waller's plot, ii, 188.

Dauntsey, William, mercer, his school at West Lavington, i, 353.

Deane, Admiral, killed in an engagement with the Dutch, ii, 345.

Declaration of the Army, ii, 246, 248.

Declaration of Indulgence, the, ii, 518; thanks to the king for, 520, 525; a second, published, 525; appointed to be read in churches, 526.

Declaration of Rights, the, ii, 539.

De donis, statute, i, 119.

De Grasse, Admiral, defeated by Rodney in the West Indies, iii, 199-200.

Dekker, Thomas, ii, 59.

Delinquents, imprisoned in Crosby House, ii, 173; City petition for payment of debts out of estates of, 208.

Delmé, Peter, elected alderman, ii, 642, 643.

Demesne, towns held in, i, 2-4.

Denmark, visit of king and queen of, i, 371; the king welcomed by the City, ii, 17.

---- George, Prince of, entertained at Guildhall, ii, 551; death of, 629.

Derby, the young Pretender enters, and seizes money that had been subscribed to oppose him, iii, 52.

Derby, _alias_ Wright, John, bowyer, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

Derick, Antony, goldsmith, i, 507.

De Ruyter, Admiral, defeated off Portland, ii, 344.

Desmond, Earl of, rebellion of, i, 523.

Despensers, the, father and son, i, 92, 133, 141, 148, 150, 153, 154.

Devonshire, Thomas, Duke of, marches to London with Richard, Duke of York, i, 287.

Digges, Alice, i, 552.

Dixie, Sir Wolstan, skinner, his school at Market Bosworth, i, 353; appointed with Sir Thomas Pullison to prevent the price of provisions in the City being enhanced, 541.

Dobbs, Sir Richard, his zeal in foundation of Christ's Hospital, i, 450; particulars of, 450n.; signs "counterfeit will" of Edward VI, 453.

Dodd, Ralph, his picture of the entry of George IV into the City on his way to St. Paul's, iii, 216n.

Dodmer, Ralph, his mayoralty banquet, i, 380.

Dohna, Baron, sent by the elector Palatine to raise money in the City, ii, 74, 75, 84.

Dolben, Sir William, recorder, his opinion on the question of the aldermanic veto, ii, 455.

Donne, Dr., ii, 95.

"Doomsday" Book, i, 37.

Dorset, Thomas Grey, Marquis of, i, 380.

Dover, treaty of, ii, 443.

Drake, Sir Francis, his raiding expedition to Spain, i, 534; pursues the Armada, 541; again sets sail for Spain, 546.

Drapers of London, contribute to a gift of £500 to the king, i, 201; subscribe towards furnishing soldiers for war with France, 347; Knights of the Bath entertained by, ii, 69; conference at their Hall between Monk and the aldermen, 369.

Du Bois, John, proceedings relative to his election as sheriff, ii, 480-487.

Duckett, Lionel, mercer, sounds Gresham as to his intentions respecting the erection of a City Burse, i, 496.

Dudley, Edmund, his extortionate conduct in the City, i, 337, 338; executed, 343.

---- Lord Guildford, i, 453; executed, 465.

---- Sir John, i, 412.

Duket, Laurence, murder of, i, 119.

Dunbar, thanksgiving in the City for victory at, ii, 328.

Duncan, Admiral, defeats the Dutch fleet off Camperdown, iii, 233-234; a sword of honour voted to, 234.

Duncombe, Charles, goldsmith, ii, 603; a candidate for the mayoralty, 608; particulars of, 608n.; seeks to represent the City in Parliament, 609; elected mayor, 630.

Dundas, Henry, secretary, afterwards Lord Melville, urges the Lord Mayor to form military associations in the City, iii, 236; charged with peculation, but acquitted, 260.

Dunkirk, sold to the French, ii, 403.

Dunkley, Robert, ii, 640.

Dunning, his motion for economical reform, iii, 176.

Durham, Borough of, surrenders its charter to the bishop, i, 4.

Dyos, "Mr." the Bishop of London's chaplain, his sermon at Paul's Cross, i, 527.

East India Company, to lend its ordnance for defence of the City, ii, 186; the rise of, 575-578; parliamentary examination of its accounts, 593; the old and the new companies united, 597; Fox's East India Bill, iii, 204-206; Pitt's East India Bill, 208.

Ebrale, Thomas, killed by the military in Burdett riots, iii, 277.

Economical Reform, the City urgent for, iii, 175; Committees of Association formed in favour of, _id._; Dunning's motion, 176.

Edgar, King, his law, i, 10.

Edgar the Atheling, his claim to the throne supported by London, i, 31.

Edge-hill, battle of, ii, 174.

Edmonds, Simon, elected mayor and refuses to serve, ii, 336.

Edmund Ironside, chosen king in London, i, 23; divides the kingdom with Cnut, 24; his death, _id._

Edward the Confessor, chosen king in London, i, 27; his death, 29.

Edward, Prince, afterwards King Edward I, supports the Barons, i, 90; seizes treasure in the Temple, 94; committed to Dover Castle, 96; escapes, 98; crowned in London, 111; negotiates with the Countess of Flanders, 115-117; goes to Gascony, 123; his domestic troubles, 124; death of the Queen, 125; seizes treasure in monasteries, _id._; his altercation with Roger Bigod, 127; sets sail for Flanders, 128; his victory at Falkirk, 129; receives a gift of £2,000 from the City, 130; his death, 131.

Edward II, his accession, i, 132; his foreign favourites, 132-133; marches against the Scots, 134; the City sends him 1,000 marks, _id._; the birth of a prince, 138; takes the City into his own hands, 146; issues "a charter of service," 151; the City lost to, 155, 156; his death, 159.

Edward III, his birth, i, 138; the conduits run with wine in his honour, 139; his accession, 160; his charters to the City, 160, 180, 188, 196, 208; charges the citizens with having assisted in the revolt of Lancaster, 166; visits London, 167; sends copy of Lancaster's charges to be read at Guildhall, _id._; his marriage, 171; pays homage to the King of France, 178; goes to France, 182, 185; his unexpected return, 187; makes a truce with France, 189; renews the war, 190; sets sail for France, 191; his success in Normandy, 191-192; returns, 193; again goes to France, 199; his death, 211.

Edward, Earl of March, afterwards Edward IV, enters the City with Richard, Duke of York, i, 290; attainted, 296; marches to London, 298, 299; admitted into the City, 305; his claim to the crown acknowledged by the citizens, 306; proclaimed king, _id._; accession of, 307; his charters to the City, 307-308; his marriage, 309; takes flight, 311; returns and is admitted into the City, 313; recovers the throne, 314; prepares to invade France, 317; grants a general pardon to the City, 318; entertains the citizens with a day's hunting, _id._; his death, 319.

Edward V, birth of, i, 317; preparations for his coronation, 319; welcomed by the City, 320; lodged in the Tower, _id._; deposed, 322.

Edward VI, birth of, i, 396; his accession and coronation, 418, 420-421; conducted by the citizens to Westminster, 431; removed by Somerset to Windsor, 435; dines with Sheriff York, 439; his charter to the City re Southwark, 442; incorporates the four City hospitals, 452; his death, 453; his will disposing of the crown, _id._

Edwards, Sir James, ordered to attend every evening at Whitehall during last illness of Charles II, ii, 505.

Edwin, Sir Humphrey, sheriff, ii, 530.

Effingham, Earl of, refuses to serve in the army against the American colonies, iii, 155; his conduct compared with that of Lord George Sackville, 161.

Eleanor, Queen, wife of Henry III, insult offered to, i, 94; presented with the custody of London Bridge, 101; her death, 125.

Eldred, John, ii, 71.

Eleven Members, the, the army's charge against, ii, 246; withdrawal of, 250; six members escape to the Continent, 262.

Elizabeth of York, married to Henry VII, i, 328; her coronation, 329; account of the manner of receiving her corpse, 336.

Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, i, 389; declared illegitimate, 396; re-instated in right of succession, 420; accession of, 484; coronation of, 485; her policy of moderation, 486; closes English ports to Flemish vessels, 492; opens the Royal Exchange, 499; refused a loan by the Merchant Adventurers, 506; seizes Spanish vessels, 508, 509; excommunicated, 516; her shifting policy towards Spain and France, 518; Dutch envoys to, 530; Babington's plot to murder, 532; visits the camp at Tilbury, 545; assists Henry IV of France, 548; her death, 566.

---- Princess, daughter of James I, married to the Elector Palatine, ii, 59.

Elliot, General, afterwards Lord Heathfield, his gallant defence of Gibraltar, iii, 201.

Elsing, William, mercer, founder of Elsing Spital, i, 386.

Eltham, Sir John de, i, 170.

Empson, Richard, his extortionate conduct in the city, i, 337, 338; executed, 343.

Engagement, the, taken by Lilburne with reservation, ii, 319. _See also_ Treasonable Engagement.

Ermin Street, i, 5.

Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of, City present to, i, 548, 549; capture of Cadiz, 556; attempts to raise an insurrection in the City, 561-563.

---- Robert, 3rd Earl of, ii, 154, 91, 200, 202; takes command of parliamentary army, 172; applies to the City for a loan, _id._; takes Reading, 188; his jealousy of Waller, 191; relieves Gloucester, 194; withdraws to Reading, 196; leaves Reading, _id._; surrenders to the royalists, 210; resigns, 215.

Essex, Earl of. _See_ Mandeville, Geoffrey de.

Estfeld, William, mayor, performs customary service at the coronation of Henry VI, i, 275.

Etaples or Estaples, treaty of, i, 330.

Ethelred, alderman, made governor of London, i, 12-13.

Ethelred the "Unready," his weak government, i, 16, 17; institutes the payment of Danegelt, 17; betakes himself to Normandy, 19; returns to London, 20; expels Cnut, 21; his death, 22; his laws for regulating foreign trade, _id._

Eton, Hugh, punished for making a disturbance in church, i, 422.

Eugene, Prince, obtains a loan from the citizens, ii, 624; visits London, 645.

Everard, John, gives information of proposed attack on the City, ii, 275; City's petition to parliament thereon, 276.

Evesham, battle of, i, 98.

Evil May-day, i, 355-357.

Ewen, John, mercer, his benefaction to the Grey Friars, i, 402.

Exchequer, the, closed by Charles the Second, ii, 444.

---- Court of, removed to York, i, 162.

Exclusion Bill, the, before the Commons, ii, 458; passed by the Commons, rejected by the Lords, 462.

Exton, Nicholas, deprived of his aldermanry, i, 223; elected mayor, 228, 229; continued in office, 232; stands aloof from the king's attempt on the life of the Duke of Gloucester, 233; an attempt to get him removed from mayoralty, 239.

Eyles, Sir John, mayor, ii, 530; summoned to attend proclamation of George II as king, iii, 31.

Eyre, James, recorder, refuses to attend presentation of address to the king, iii, 101.

Fabyan, Alderman, his chronicle, i, 313; placed in command of the city's gates, 332.

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, ii, 214, 216, 219; Parliamentary army under, defeated in the north, 189; Leicester surrenders to, 220; defeats Hopton, 233; correspondence between the City and, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251, 255, 264, 265, 269; the City surrenders to, 259; entertained by the City, 261; appointed constable of the City, 262; endeavours to force a loan from the City, 264, 265, 268, 275; threatens to quarter troops on the City, 267; puts down rising in Kent, 280, 281; success of, at Colchester, 290; informs the City of his intention to enter London, 293; demands money from the City, 293, 296, 301; enters London, 294; seizes the treasury at Weaver's Hall, 295, 296; again entertained by the City, 312; gift of plate to, 313; superseded by Cromwell, 328.

Falaise, John de, announces birth of Edward the Third, i, 138.

Falconbridge, Thomas. _See_ Fauconberg.

Falkirk, battle of, i, 129; General Hawley defeated at, iii, 55.

Falkland, secretary, ii, 179.

Farndon, Nicholas de, deposed from the mayoralty by the king, i, 146; placed in the mayoralty chair by the king _loco_ Chigwell, 153.

Farringdon ward, divided, i, 243.

Farringdon, co. Hants, fortifications at, captured by King Stephen, i, 53.

Fauconberg, Thomas, rising in Kent under, i, 314; his letter to the City and answer, 314, 315; attempts to force London Bridge, 315, 316; beheaded, 316.

Fawkes, Guy, _alias_ "John Johnson" joins Gunpowder Plot, ii, 13.

Felton, John, i, 516.

Fenton, John, Lieutenant-Colonel, ii, 339.

Fenwick, Sir John, bill of attainder against, ii, 600.

Ferdinand II, Emperor, loses the crown of Bohemia, ii, 74.

Ferrar, Nicolas, skinner, his bequest to the college in Virginia, ii, 48.

Fielding, Sir John, his house attacked by Gordon rioters, iii, 183.

Fifth-monarchy men, outbreak in the City of, ii, 386-388, 396.

Finch, Sir Heneage, recorder, chosen Speaker, ii, 97, 132.

---- Sir John, ii, 108.

Finchley, the camp at, iii, 52, 53.

Finsbury, Manor of, the City's lease of, i, 493.

Firebrace, Sir Basil, charged with mis-using the money of the East India Company and committed to the Tower, ii, 593, 595-596; receives his liberty, 597; created a baronet, _id._

Fire of London, the, ii, 414-425. _See also_ London.

Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, committed to the Tower for denying the king's supremacy, i, 392; beheaded, 393.

---- Captain John, ii, 121.

Fishmongers of London contribute to a gift of £500 to the king, i, 201; attempt to break up the monopoly of free fishmongers, 222, 224; subscribe towards furnishing soldiers for war with France, 347; subscribe to bounties for soldiers, iii, 64.

Fitz-Athulf or Olaf, Constantine, hanged for treachery, i, 82.

Fitz-Eylwin, Henry, first mayor of London, i, 66.

Fitz-James, Richard, Bishop of London, dies of the plague, i, 366.

Fitz-Otes, Hugh, Constable of the Tower, appointed warden of the City, i, 101, 103.

Fitz-Reiner, Richard, sides with John, i, 62.

Fitz-Thedmar, Arnald, compiler of _Liber de Antiquis_, i, 67; opposed to the Barons, _id._; deprived of his aldermanry, 90; opposed to popular policy of Fitz-Thomas in relation to City guilds, 93, 94; his prejudice against Walter Hervy, 107.

Fitz-Thomas, Thomas, mayor, organization of guilds under, i, 93; refused admittance to the mayoralty, 95; swears fealty to the king, 97; accused of meditating a wholesale massacre of citizens, 99; summoned to Windsor, 100; his fate, 101, 103; results of his policy, 110.

Fitz-Walter, Robert, Baron of Dunmow, elected leader of the Barons, i, 74; his duties as Castellain of London, 75; his feud with king John, 76, 77; fails to raise the siege of Rochester, 78; taken prisoner at Lincoln, 80; his death, 81.

Fitz-William, Thomas, recorder, his speech at the Guildhall in favour of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, i, 322.

---- William, made sheriff by Henry VII, i, 338.

Flanders, interruption of trade with, i, 113; Flemings expelled from England, 115; peace concluded with, 116; increase of trade with, 171; Flemish weavers invited to settle in England, 178; English ports closed to Flemish merchants by Elizabeth, 492; Flemish merchants seized in London, 510; forces under the Earl of Leicester sent to, 531.

Flanders, Countess of, seizes English merchandise, i, 112; negotiates for peace, 115, 117.

Fleet, Sir John, M.P. for the City, ii, 554, 598, 607, 613; mayor, 570; unsuccessfully contests the City, 609; his death, 642.

Fleet Prison, the, fired by Gordon rioters, iii, 184.

Fleetwood, Charles, Lieut.-Gen., confers with the City, ii, 357, 359; promises a free parliament, 360.

Fletcher, Dr., remembrancer, sent as special messenger to James I, ii, 2.

Flete, William de, i, 134.

Flower, Charles, sheriff, iii, 242.

Fogwell Pond, Smithfield, water supply taken from, ii, 20.

Folkmote, i, 13.

Foote, Sir Thomas, alderman, ii, 236; elected mayor, 316.

Forced Loan, the, ii, 100, 102.

Foreigners or strangers, in the country, i, 84; in the City, 475-476, 504, 532; iii, 297-299.

Fowke or Foulke, John, alderman, ii, 197, 218; placed on commission for trial of Charles the First, 301; charges brought against when mayor, 337; sent Commissioner to meet Monk, 365; reports to Court of Aldermen Monk's intention of leaving the City, 370; M.P. for the City, 392.

Fowlke, Christopher, sent to Guildford with food for the City's soldiers, i, 414.

Fox, Charles, joins the Newcastle Ministry, iii, 57; leader of the House of Commons, 60; assaulted by a mob, 115; appointed Secretary of State under Rockingham, 197; Secretary of State under the Duke of Portland, 204; his East India Bill, _id._; joins the ministry of "all the talents," 265; his death, 266.

Fox, Stephen, supports Luttrell's candidature for Middlesex, iii, 87.

France, war with, _temp._ Edward III, i, 180, 190, 195, 197, 199, 201, 204; the crown of, claimed by Henry V, 257; war with, _temp._ Henry V, 257, 258, 262; a truce with _temp._ Henry VI, 281; French descent on south coast, 293; war with, _temp._ Henry VIII, 345, 347; league against, 373; the king of, taken at Pavia, 374; peace concluded with, 377; renewal of the war with, 408, 409; peace with, proclaimed, 415; Mary declares war against, 477; the king of, defeated at St. Quentin, 479; recovery of Calais by, 480; Elizabeth's war with, 489; peace with, signed, 492; assassination of king of, 548; Charles I at war with, ii, 102; a cry for war against (1678), 455; William III at war with, 559, 568; peace made at Ryswick with, 603; war conducted by Marlborough against, 614, 616, 621, 629, 630; peace with, 647; declaration of war with (1744), iii, 49; alliance with America, 168; convention with, 212; outbreak of revolution, 220; war declared with, 221; negotiations for peace, 227; the French army encamped at Boulogne, 259.

Franklin, Benjamin, Ambassador for the United States at Versailles, iii, 168.

Fraunceys, Adam, mayor, i, 197; contributes to a loan to the king, 202.

---- John, first alderman of Farringdon without, i, 243.

Fray, John, commissioner to enquire into cases of treason, &c. in the city, i, 269.

Frederick, Prince of Wales, his marriage, iii, 39; presented with the Freedom of the City in the Saddlers' Company, 40.

---- Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth, daughter of James I, ii, 59; the City's present to, 60; elected King of Bohemia, 74; the City of London renders assistance to, 75, 77, 89; driven out of Bohemia, 77; a Londoner punished for insulting, 83.

Frederick, Sir John, mayor, ii, 397.

Freeman, Ralph, ii, 72.

Free Trade Bill, ii, 10.

Frestlyng, Bartholomew, M.P. for the City, i, 202.

"Frith-gild" of the City, i, 14-16.

Frobisher, Sir Martin, pursues the Armada, i, 541; monument to, in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, 544.

Frowyk, Henry, mayor, i, 279.

Fryer, Sir John, mayor, iii, 16, 17.

Fuller, Nicholas, M.P. for the City, ii, 8.

Fulsham, Benedict de, M.P. for the City, i, 162; his contest for the mayoralty, 165.

Furnese, Sir Henry, subscribes to loan to Prince Eugene, ii, 624.

Galeys, Henry le. _See_ Waleys.

Gardiner, Stephen, bishop of Winchester, liberated from the Tower by Queen Mary, i, 457; made chancellor, 458; severely reprimands the lord mayor, 466.

---- Sir Thomas, recorder, endeavours to obtain a City loan for Charles the First, ii, 124; his impeachment, 124, 169; the king wishes to make him Speaker, 132; welcomes the king to the City, 148; is knighted, 149; a commission of array addressed to, 188.

Garnet, Henry, trial of, at Guildhall, ii, 15.

Garrard, Sir John, withdraws from the Militia Committee, ii, 171.

---- Sir Samuel, mayor, favours Dr. Sacheverell, ii, 632; evades burning his sermon, 635.

Garraway, William, i, 553.

Garrett, Sir George, sheriff, entertains Charles I, ii, 157; sent to the King at Oxford, 180.

Garway, or Garraway, Henry, mayor, ii, 122; speech of, at Common Hall, 181.

Gate, Sir John, the king's bailiff in Southwark, i, 442.

Gaunt, Elizabeth, burnt for being implicated in Rye House Plot, ii, 515.

Gaveston, Piers de, asks a favour of the City for his friend, i, 133; banished, _id._; favoured by Edward II, 136; beheaded, 137.

Gayer or Gayre, Sir John, imprisoned by Charles I, ii, 123; released, 125; withdraws from the Militia Committee, 171; committed to the Tower, 266; impeached, 273; the "Lion Sermon" instituted by, 274; deprived of his aldermanry, 308.

Geffrey, Thomas, barber, i, 284.

George I, accession of, iii, 1; welcomed by the City, 2; attends lord mayor's banquet, 3; his picture and statue, 9; goes to Hanover, 10; his quarrel with the Prince of Wales, _id._; his death, 30.

George, Prince of Wales, afterwards King George II, his quarrel with his father, iii, 10; his accession, 31; his coronation, 32; attends lord mayor's banquet, 33; impudent demand of his cup-bearer, _id._; his portrait by Jervas, _id._

George III, accession of, iii, 66; his statue at the Royal Exchange and his picture at the Guildhall, 70; his anxiety that Wilkes should be expelled the House, 82; indignant at the conduct of Crosby and Oliver, 109; his anxiety lest Wilkes should be elected mayor, 132; his letter to Lord North touching Lord Gordon, 183; his illness, and measures taken for a regency, 213; City address on his recovery, 214; thanksgiving service at St. Paul's for recovery of, 215; assault on, 226; celebration of his Jubilee, 271; becomes insane, 281; his statue in the Council Chamber, _id._

George, Prince, afterwards King George IV, forwards to the City £1,000 for the poor, during his father's illness, iii, 214; appointed Regent, 282; declines the Freedom of the City, _id._; refuses to receive addresses from the livery seated on the throne, 283-285, 296-297; entertained at the Guildhall after the Peace of Paris, 288; an outrage committed against, 306; his accession, 314; his coronation, 315.

Gerard, or Garrard, William, sheriff, attends proclamation of Lady Jane Grey as Queen, i, 454.

Gerrard, John, implicated in Gunpowder Plot, ii, 15.

---- Sir Thomas, i, 560.

Ghent, recovery of, ii, 629.

Gianibelli, Frederico, erects waterworks at Tyburn, ii, 19.

Gibbon, Edward, grandfather of the historian, his estate sequestrated, iii, 22.

Gibbs, Alderman, ii, 224, 292.

Gibraltar, relief of, by Lord Howe, iii, 201; Copley's picture of siege of, 202.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, i, 544.

---- Sir John, i, 562.

Gill, William, mayor, receives George the Fourth on his visit to St. Paul's after illness, iii, 215.

Ginkell, General, afterwards Earl of Athlone, ii, 563.

Gisors, Anketin de, i, 146.

---- John de, M.P. for the City, i, 118; desired by Edward II to hold the City, 136; taken into custody, 146; affords an asylum to Mortimer, 154; appointed Warden of the Tower jointly with Betoyne, 159.

Gloucester, siege of, ii, 193-195; letter from, touching the removal of Colonel Massey, 216, 217.

---- Gilbert, Earl of, defeats Montfort at Evesham, i, 98; takes possession of the City, 102; comes to terms with Henry III, 103.

---- Henry, Duke of, City gift to, at Restoration, ii, 379.

---- Humphrey, Duke of, question of his precedence at the Guildhall, i, 257, 258; vicegerent in England, 268; his position settled by Parliament, 269; quarrels with Beaufort, 270, 271, 277; loses the favour of the citizens, 271; appointed Captain of Calais, 280.

---- Robert, Earl of, exchanged prisoner for King Stephen, i, 52.

---- Thomas, Duke of, his house attacked, whilst Earl of Buckingham, i, 216; his persecution of Brembre, _id._; plot of Richard II, against, 232, 233; charges five of the king's counsellors with treason, 233, 234; arrested, 244.

Glover, Richard _alias_ "Leonidas," opposes the Spanish Convention, iii, 42; his poem "Admiral Hosier's Ghost," 44, 45; presides over Committee of Livery, 45, 46; drafts petition to Parliament touching insufficiency of convoys, 47.

Glyn, John, recorder, ii, 200, 260, 291; one of the Eleven Members, 246; expelled the House and committed to the Tower, 263; forced resignation of, 315; member of Cromwell's House of Peers, 350; accident to, 391.

Glynn, John, recorder, moves that Wilkes be heard at the Bar of the House of Commons, iii, 137; his _dictum_ as to the rights of the Livery in Common Hall, 138, 140; returned M.P. for Middlesex, 144.

Godchep, Hamo, i, 153.

Godfrey, Sir Edmondesbury, supposed murder of, ii, 457.

---- Peter, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 4.

---- Thomas, opens the City's gates to Cade, i, 284.

Godolphin, Lord, dismissed from office, ii, 637.

Godrell, Paul, ii, 591.

Godsalve, John, the City's right of measuring cloth conferred on, i, 406.

Godschall, Sir Robert, a candidate for the mayoralty, iii, 45, 46; elected M.P. for the City, 47; mayor, _id._; chairman of Parliamentary Committee to consider insufficiency of convoys, 47, 48.

Godwine, Earl, i, 26, 28.

Gold, Henry, rector of St. Mary, Aldermary, executed at Tyburn, i, 390.

---- Thomas, nominated for the mayoralty, ii, 476, 490.

Goldsmiths of London, their quarrel with the Weavers, i, 154; return of rental of, 252; their pageant at coronation of Henry VIII, 345; subscribe towards furnishing soldiers for war with France, 347; ordered to resume their old quarters in Goldsmith's Row, ii, 110; the Duke of Marlborough entertained by, 617, 618; mayoralty of Sir Owen Buckingham kept in Hall, 617; subscribe to bounties for soldiers, iii, 64; disapprove of remonstrance drawn up in Common Hall, 93.

Gondomar, Spanish ambassador, insulted in London, ii, 79.

Goodman, John, reprieve of, ii, 136.

Gordon, Lord George, presents petition to Parliament in favour of repeal of Savile's Act, iii, 179; riots in the City instigated by, 180-184; committed to the Tower, 185; offers himself as candidate for the City, 192.

Gore, Richard, merchant tailor, M.P. for the City, ii, 8.

---- Sir William, knighted, ii, 571; elected mayor, 608; stands for the City, 609.

Goring, George, Lord (Earl of Norwich), threatens Plymouth, ii, 221; takes the lead in the Kentish rebellion, 282.

Gracedieu, Bartholomew, sheriff, knighted, ii, 606.

Grafton, Duke of, his relations with Wilkes, 74, 80.

---- Richard, printer, i, 485.

Grantham, John de, elected Mayor, i, 165; M.P. for the City, 174.

Greenland House, siege of, ii, 205.

Greenway, Oswald, implicated in Gunpowder Plot, ii, 15.

Greenwich Park, muster of citizens in, i, 529.

Gregory, William, alderman, his chronicle, i, 287.

"Grenecobbe," Henry, i, 220.

Grenville, Sir John, carries a letter from Charles II to the City, ii, 377; City gift to, 379.

---- William, W., Secretary of State, his correspondence with the lord mayor touching removal of the Bank of England guard, iii, 218-219.

---- Lord, joins with Fox informing the ministry of "all the talents," iii, 265; the fall of his ministry, 266-267.

Gresham, Sir John, mercer, his school at Holt, co. Norf., i, 353; witnesses removal of Duke of Somerset to the Tower, 438; signs counterfeit will of Edward the Sixth, 453.

Gresham, Sir John, of Titsey, i, 511.

---- Sir Richard, mayor, his letter to Henry VIII, _re_ Royal Hospitals, i, 404; particulars of, 404 n.; proposes to erect a Burse, 494.

---- Sir Thomas, erects the Royal Exchange, i, 495-499; particulars of, 495n.; founder of Gresham College, 502; entertains Cardinal Chastillon, 504; suggests minting Spanish treasure, 512; entertains Count Casimir, 520; his death, 521.

---- College founded, i, 502.

---- House, municipal offices removed to, after the fire, ii, 421.

Grey, Sir Charles, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 223.

---- Earl, succeeds the Duke of Wellington as prime minister, iii, 332; the freedon of the City voted to, 339, 344; resigns, 340; recalled, 342; succeeds in passing the first Reform Bill, 343.

---- Henry, Lord, repels invasion of Ireland, i, 523.

---- Lord, of Wark, fined for disturbance at the Guildhall, ii, 493.

---- Lady Jane, appointed successor by Edward VI, i, 453; proclaimed queen, 454; trial of, at Guildhall, 460; executed, 465.

---- William de, attorney-general, burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, iii, 118.

Grey Friars, of London, their house suppressed, i, 398; benefactions to, 402; their house vested in the City, 417; removal of altars and tombs from church of, 428; their buildings converted into Christ's Hospital, 450, 451.

Grocers of London, subscribe towards furnishing soldiers for war with France, i, 347; nominate weighers of the Great Beam, 387; tumult at the Hall of, ii, 178; parliament entertained at the Hall of, 234, 356; Fairfax invited to dinner by, 261; the Commons and Council of State at the Hall of, 312; the Lord Protector entertained by, 347; Monk entertained at the Hall of, 372; a conventicle held by Sir John Shorter, mayor, at the Hall of, 525; lord mayor's banquet held at the Hall of, 533, 574; the Bank of England commences business in the Hall of, 586; subscribe to bounties for soldiers, iii, 64; disapprove of remonstrance drawn up in Common Hall, 93; the freedom of their company conferred on Pitt, 207; their offer to send a quantity of porter to the troops in Flanders, 222-223; the Military Association in Hall of, 224.

Guildhall, the, first mention of, i, 14-15; trial of Hamo de Chigwell at, 169; implements of war stored at, 184; trial of Anne Ascue at, 415; trials of Lady Jane Grey and Cranmer at, 460-461; trial of Nicholas Throckmorton at, 467, 468; trial of John Felton at, 516; the rebuilding of, after the Fire, ii, 429, 434; the Lords meet at, after James II's flight, 535; standards taken at Ramillies hung up in, 623; threatened by Gordon rioters, iii, 184.

Guildhall Library, books borrowed from, by Somerset, and never returned, i, 438.

Guilds, early organisation of, i, 93, 94; Hervy's regulations of, 107; their rising importance, 110; reorganisation _temp._ Edward III, 200; elections by, 206. _See also_ Companies.

Gunpowder Plot, ii, 13-16.

Gurney, Richard, mayor, ii, 145, 146; knighted, 149; impeached, 168; refuses to give up the City's _insignia_, 169.

Habeas Corpus Act, passed, ii, 459; suspended, 599, 627; suspended for a whole year, iii, 25; again suspended, 307.

Hadley, John, appointed joint-treasurer of subsidy, i, 251.

Hainault, Jacqueline of, wife of the Duke of Gloucester, i, 270; her ill-treatment, 272.

Halifax, Lord, burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, iii, 118.

Hallifax, Thomas, stands for the mayoralty, iii, 127, 132, 133; refuses to back press warrants, 166.

Hamersley, Hugh, haberdasher, ii, 32.

Hampden, John, resists the levying of ship money, ii, 118; one of the Five Members, 155; killed at Chalgrove Field, 189.

Hanse Merchants, supply wheat to the City, i, 346.

Hardy, John, alderman, i, 379.

Harfleur, captured by Henry V, i, 258, 259.

Harley, Robert. _See_ Oxford, Earl of.

---- Thomas, sheriff, superintends the burning of No. 45 of the _North Briton_ at the Royal Exchange, iii, 75; receives the thanks of both houses of parliament, 76, 83; burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, 118; his windows broken, 144; defends himself in parliament, 197-198.

Harold, elected king, i, 29; his death, 30.

Harper, Sir William, merchant Taylor, his school at Bedford, i, 353.

Harrison, major-general, ii, 328.

---- Rev. Joseph, arrested for inciting to riot, iii, 309.

Hart, John, sheriff, his contest for the aldermanry of Bridge Ward, iii, 146-149.

Haslerigg, Sir Arthur, one of the Five Members, ii, 155; the City confers with, 360, 363.

Hastings, battle of, i, 30.

Haunsard, William, furnishes a ship to the king for war with France, i, 182; his gallantry in the battle of Sluys, 186.

Havre, or Newhaven, occupied and lost by Elizabeth, i, 489, 490, 491.

Hawkesbury, Lord, informs the lord mayor of preliminaries of peace with France having been signed, iii, 249.

Hawkins, Sir John, reports engagement with the Armada, i, 537, 538, 541; his monument in the church of St. Dunstan East, 544.

---- Katherine, wife of Sir John, i, 544.

Hawley, General, defeated at Falkirk, iii, 55.

Hayley, George, alderman, brother-in-law of Wilkes, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 145; elected sheriff, 155; again returned M.P. for the City, 192; his death, _id._

Hearth or Chimney Tax, the, imposition of, ii, 399; abolished, 544-545.

Heath, Sir Robert, attorney-general, exhibits an information against the City, touching its Irish Estate;, ii, 143.

Heathcote, George, elected mayor against his will, iii, 45; discharged, 46; elected M.P. for the City, 47; loses his seat, 56.

---- Sir Gilbert, elected M.P. for the City, but disqualified, ii, 607; re-elected, 609, 612, 622, 629; elected alderman, 612; knighted, 614; subscribes to loan to Prince Eugene, 624; urges the removal of Marlborough to Holland, 636; governor of the Bank of England, 637; his conduct at the election of an alderman, 640.

Hende, John, mayor, summoned to attend the king at Nottingham, i, 241; dismissed from the mayoralty and committed to Windsor Castle, _id._

Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. negotiations for her marriage, ii, 86; her arrival in London, 93.

Henry I, elected king at Winchester, i, 39; election confirmed by the City, 40; his charter to the City, _id._

Henry of Anjou, afterwards Henry II, his arrival in England, i, 54; welcomed in London, _id._; his accession, 56; charter of, to the City, 58; his son Henry crowned, 59; his domestic troubles, 59, 61; his death, 61.

Henry II, of France, death of, i, 488.

Henry III, takes the City into his own hands, 85, 99; extorts money from his subjects, 87; his coronation, 88; takes leave of the City, 88, 90; returns from abroad, 90; makes peace with the barons, 92, 97; lodged a prisoner in the Bishop of London's palace, 96; his charter to the City, 103; his death, 105.

Henry of Lancaster, afterwards King Henry IV;, return from exile, i, 244, 245; met by the citizens of London, 245; proclaimed king, 246; his debts, 270.

Henry IV of France, assisted by Elizabeth, i, 548.

Henry V, claims the crown of France, i, 257; goes to France, 258; discovery of a conspiracy against, _id._; captures Harfleur, 259; welcomed by the citizens on his return, 260; prepares for another expedition to France, _id._; letters from, to the City, 261, 262, 264, 265; conquers Normandy, 263; coronation of his queen, 266; his death and funeral, 266, 267.

Henry VI, coronation of, i, 274; goes to France, 275; crowned at Paris, _id._; his return and reception by the City, 275-277; his charter to the City, 281; his marriage, _id._; his illness, 288; kept in custody at Bishop of London's palace after the battle of St. Albans, 291; loses the City's favour, 296; deputation from the City to, at Northampton, 298; brought prisoner to London, 302; regains his freedom after second battle at St. Albans, 304; restored, 312; removed from the Tower to the Bishop of London's palace by Warwick, _id._; his death in the Tower, 316.

Henry of Richmond, afterwards King Henry VII, prepares to invade England, i, 324, 325; defeats Richard III at Bosworth, 326; welcomed by the City, _id._; his coronation, 327; his marriage, 328; his visit to London, 329; assists Anne of Brittany against the French king, _id._; decease of Edmund his infant son, 335; enters into alliance with the king of the Romans, 336; his charter to the Merchant Taylors, 337; his charter to the City, _id._; his proposed alliance with Margaret, sister of Archduke Philip, 338, 339; his death and funeral, 340, 341; his chapel in Westminster Abbey, 340; his _obit_ kept by the City, 342.

Henry VIII, visits the City as a boy, i, 334; the City's present to, at coronation, 344; at St. Paul's, 362; enters into a league against France, 373; his marriage with Anne Boleyn, 388; marries Jane Seymour, 395; the City, in difficulty with, 406; goes to France leaving Catherine Parr, regent, 409; returns, 411; his death, 417.

Henry, Prince, son of James I, becomes a Merchant Taylor, ii, 12.

Herbert, Sir John, secretary of state, ii, 22.

Hereford, Henry, Duke of. _See_ Henry of Lancaster, afterwards King Henry IV.

---- Humphrey, Earl of, insurrection of, i, 147; seeks an interview with the City, 149.

---- Sir William de, member for the City, i, 126.

Heretics, Statute for burning, i, 249; re-enacted, 471.

Herne, Sir Joseph, security for a loan to William III, ii, 603.

Hertford, Francis, Earl of, lord chamberlain, his letter to Wilkes touching the king's refusal to receive in future addresses of the livery on the throne, iii, 153; Wilkes's reply, 154; his letter to the lord mayor touching presentation of livery address, 195.

Hervey, Lord, his account of trick played by Walpole on the Dissenters, iii, 34, 35; objects to City's address to George II, on occasion of marriage of the Princess Royal to the Prince of Orange, 39.

---- Sebastian, mayor, ii, 55, 72; opposes matrimonial alliance between his daughter and Christopher Villiers, 73.

Hervy, Walter, disputed election of, as mayor, i, 104-105; grants charters to the craft guilds, 107; quarrels with Gregory de Rokesley, 108; arrested, _id._; charges against, 109; discharged from aldermanry, 110.

Heton, George, chamberlain, dismissed, i, 519.

Hewling, Benjamin, condemned to death at Bloody Assizes, ii, 521.

Hewling, William, ii, 521.

Hewlyn, William, mayor, i, 295.

Hewson, John, a member of Cromwell's House of Lords, ii, 350; quells a riot in the City, 358.

Hewster, John, M.P. for the City, i, 370.

Heysham, Robert, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 4.

Hill, Sir Rowland, mercer, his school at Drayton, co. Salop, i, 353; committed to the Tower for obstructing the Sergeant-at-Mace, 406, 407; particulars of, 406n.; enters on his Mayoralty, 427.

Hille, Sir Thomas, mayor, dies of the plague, i, 327.

Hillsborough, Lord, Secretary of State, urges the mayor to guard the City during Gordon riots, iii, 181.

Hoadley, Benjamin, Bishop of Salisbury, persuades the dissenters to postpone attempt to repeal Corporation and Test Acts, iii, 34, 35.

Hoare, Richard, knighted, ii, 614; M.P. for the City, 638; late alderman of Bread Street Ward, iii, 15.

Hockenhall, George, refuses to serve sheriff, ii, 472.

Hockenhull or Hocknell, Thomas, ensign in the guards, reprimanded for allowing his soldiers to insult an alderman, iii, 16, 17.

Holiday, Leonard, alderman, the Duke of Bedford committed to the custody of, i, 562.

Holland, the Dutch fleet defeated off Portland, ii, 344; war declared with (1665), 406; the victory of the Duke of York over Opdam, 409; naval engagement with the Dutch off the North Foreland, 414; the Dutch fleet in the Medway, 435; retires, 436; war declared with (1672), 445; the peace of Nimeguen, 456.

Holland, Henry, Earl of, his speech at the Guildhall, ii, 175; threatens a royalist rising in the City, 225.

---- Henry, lord, charged with peculation, iii, 89, 91; his hatred for the City, 90.

Holles, Denzel, one of the Five Members, ii, 155; attends the Common Hall, 200.

Holy Trinity, Aldgate, Priory of, confiscated by Henry VIII, i, 386; bestowed upon Sir Thomas Audley, 387.

Hone, William, bookseller, his trial, iii, 307-308.

Hooke, Robert, his scheme for rebuilding the City, ii, 427; appointed surveyor, 428, 431.

Hooper, John, informs against Bonner, i, 439; made Bishop of Gloucester, 441; burnt, 474.

Hopkins, Benjamin, elected City Chamberlain, iii, 163; his decease, 164.

Hopton, Ralph, defeats Parliamentary forces under Waller, ii, 189; surrenders to Fairfax, 233.

Horn, Andrew, counsel for the City at the Iter of 1321, i, 143, 147; chamberlain, 159, 161.

---- John, goes to Paris to confer with Edward I, i, 116.

Horne, John, Vicar of Brentford, iii, 87; claims to have written Beckford's famous speech, 102; his letter to Wilkes on being elected sheriff, 124.

---- Robert, alderman, committed to Newgate by rebels under Cade, i, 285.

Houblon, Sir James, knighted, ii, 571; accused of bribery, 590; M.P. for the City, 606.

---- Sir John, sheriff, ii, 548; knighted, 552; first governor of the Bank of England, 586, 602; attends the Privy council on the Barclay conspiracy, 599; candidate for aldermanry of Broad Street Ward, 640.

Houghton, John, prior of Charter-house, proceedings against, i, 390-392.

Howard, Admiral Lord, commands the fleet against the Armada, i, 537, 539, 541; captures Cadiz, 556.

Howe, Lord, threatens to leave the navy, iii, 173; his victory over the French, 223; the freedom of the City voted to _id._

---- John, his opposition to James II, ii, 521.

Huberthorne or Hoberthorne, Henry, mayor, assists in proclaiming Edward VI king, i, 418; particulars of, 418n.; knighted, 420.

"Humble Representation of the Dissatisfaction of the Army," ii, 248.

Humphreys, Sir William, mayor, puts a stop to the spread of seditious literature, iii, 3.

Hundred Court, i, 13.

Hunt, Henry, known as "Orator Hunt," arrested for inciting to riot, iii, 309, 310; creates a disturbance in Common Hall, 311.

Hunter, William, burnt, i, 474.

Huntingdon, William, Earl of, i, 192.

Husting Court, i, 13.

Hutchinson, General, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 248.

Income tax, introduced by Pitt, iii, 228, 238; renewal of, 252, 292-293.

Indemnity bill, the, opposed by the City, iii, 308.

Ingram, Sir Arthur, ii, 63.

Insurance against fire, City's scheme for, ii, 425.

Ipswich, Cardinal Wolsey's college at, i, 382.

Ireland, the Desmond rising in, i, 523; Tyrone's insurrection in, 559; Mountjoy's conquest of, 563; rebellion of 1641 in, ii, 146; proposed confiscation of Irish rebels' estates, 163; royalist successes in, 309; Ormond defeated before Dublin, 314; subdued by Cromwell, 326; Cromwell, welcomed on his return from, 327; letters of sympathy from, after the Fire, 420, 421; Tyrconnel appointed lord deputy of, 516; siege of Londonderry, 549-550; battle of the Boyne, 559.

---- Duke of, charged with treason, i, 234.

Irish estate, the City's, ii, 28-45; commissioners sent to view the plantation, 32; their report, 35; the City consents to undertake plantation of Ulster, 37; the Irish Society formed, 37, 41; the City forced to surrender a portion of, 38; allotment among the companies, 39, 43; more commissioners sent to Ireland, 42; the right of the companies to sell, 44; declared forfeited by Court of Star Chamber, 115; judgment reversed, 143; the King promises to restore, 149; letter from the council of state touching, 326; the companies petition Charles II relative to, 386.

---- Society, formation of, ii, 37; incorporated, 41.

Ireton, Henry, ii, 252, 352.

---- John, knighted by Cromwell, ii, 352; nominated by parliament to be re-elected mayor, 354.

Isabel, wife of Edward II, sets out for France, i, 154; her return, 155; confirms the City's rights, 158; becomes unpopular, 163; retires into privacy, 170.

Isleworth, manor of, devastated by the mob, i, 96.

Jakes, Robert, shearman, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

James I, his threat to remove Court and Parliament from London, i, 1; accession of, ii, 1; enters London, 3, 5; plots against, 6, 13; refuses to surrender rights of purveyance, &c., 9; at Merchant Taylors' Hall, 12, 61; rumour of the assassination of, 16; his financial difficulties, 56-59; the City declines a loan to, 63; entertained by Alderman Cockaine, 69; the City's reception of, on return from Scotland, 72; death of the queen, _id._; state visit of, to St. Paul's, 76; his death, 91.

James, Duke of York, afterwards James II, christening of, ii, 111; the City's gift to, at the Restoration, 379; his victory over the Dutch, 409; his efforts to suppress the Fire, 416; vote of thanks to, 431; his action against Sheriff Pilkington, 478, 492; his picture at Guildhall mutilated, 479; accession of, 506; collects the Customs without leave of Parliament, 507; coronation of, 508; favours the Catholics, 516; issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 518; the Aldermen present an address to, 520; issues a second Declaration of Indulgence, 525; birth of prince James, 528; informs the lord mayor of the approach of William, 529; restores the City's charter, 530; sets out to meet the Prince of Orange, 533; attempted flight of, 535; goes to France, 537; lands in Ireland, 549; death of, 607.

James Edward, Prince (the old Pretender), birth of, ii, 528; his legitimacy questioned, 532; acknowledged king by Louis, 607; threatened invasion in favour of, 626; the Tories favour, 648; a reward offered for arrest of, 649; precautions taken against, iii, 3; prepares to invade England, 6; failure of conspiracy, 8; threatens another invasion, 24.

Jane Seymour, her marriage with Henry VIII, i, 395; preparations for her coronation, 396; her death, 397.

Janssen, Stephen Theodore, sometime City chamberlain, iii, 20; elected M.P. for the City, 56; resigns chamberlainship, 163.

---- Sir Theodore, director of South Sea Company, expelled from Parliament, iii, 20.

Jarman, or Jermyn, Edward, appointed surveyor for the rebuilding of the City, ii, 428, 431.

Jeffreys, George, suspended from office of common sergeant, ii, 451; his suspension referred to the king, 452; restored, 453; forced to resign the recordership, 461; made chief justice, 502; holds the "Bloody Assize," 512; president of Ecclesiastical Commission Court, 516; appears before Court of Aldermen, 519; carries the City's charter back, 530; taken in disguise, 537.

---- Sir Jeffrey, excused from being mayor, ii, 632.

Jenkin's ear, iii, 40, 41.

Jenner, Sir Thomas, appointed recorder by Charles II, ii, 504.

Jenyns, Stephen, merchant taylor, his school at Wolverhampton, i, 353.

Jervas, Charles, his portraits of George II and Queen Caroline, iii, 33.

Jervis, Sir John, admiral, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 223; his victory over the French off Cape St. Vincent, 232; a sword of honour voted to, _id._

Jessel, Sir George, his opinion touching the City's right and title to Irish estate, ii, 45.

Jews, Henry III extorts money from, i, 87; expulsion of, 123; enfranchisement of, iii, 346-347.

Joanna, daughter of Edward II, called "Joanna of the Tower," birth of, i, 148.

John, Prince, afterwards king, rebels against his father, i, 61; opposes Longchamp, 62; admitted into the City, 63; grants the citizens their "Commune," _id._; his accession, 72; resigns the crown and receives it as the Pope's feudatory, 73; meets the Barons in London, 74; signs Magna Carta, 77; open war between him and the Barons, 78; his death, 79.

Johnson, Robert, sheriff, removed by Henry VII, i, 338.

---- Dr. Samuel, his inscription on portrait of Chief Justice Pratt, iii, 78; his pamphlet "Taxation no Tyranny," 151n.; his opinion of Wilkes, 152n., 164-165.

Jolles, Sir John, mayor, ii, 66.

Jones, John, captain, M.P. for the City, ii, 392.

---- John Gale, committed to Newgate for publishing an attack on Parliament, iii, 276.

---- Sir William, attorney-general, his opinion taken on the question of the aldermanic veto, ii, 454.

Josselyn, Ralph, mayor, created Knight of the Bath, i, 307.

Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I, ii, 242.

Joyner, William, mayor, builds the Grey Friars Chapel, i, 402.

"Jubilee," book called, burnt by order of Exton, mayor, i, 229.

Judd, Sir Andrew, skinner, his school at Tonbridge, i, 353; undertakes to forward provisions to the army, 414; summoned as mayor to attend the Lords of the Council, 445; signs "counterfeit will" of Edward VI, 453.

Junius, approves of remonstrance of the Livery, iii, 93; upholds the conduct of Crosby and Oliver, 115; offers to support Wilkes, 125; strenuously supports Sawbridge's candidature for the mayoralty, _id._; expresses his opinion of Lord Mayor Nash, 130.

Justiciar, the citizens permitted to elect their own, i, 43.

Keith, Lord, admiral, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 248.

Kelseye, Robert de, M.P. for the City, i, 162, 163, 174.

Kendale, Sir Robert de, king's commissioner, the City taken into the hands of, i, 146.

Kendricke, John, consents to accept the mayoralty notwithstanding diminished allowances, ii, 333.

Kennet, Brackley, mayor, his conduct during the Gordon Riots, iii, 180-184; summoned to attend Lords of Council, 186.

Kensington, Colonel, refuses to accept colours presented by the City, iii, 256.

Kent, revolt under Wat Tyler, i, 218-221; under Cade, 282; under Fauconberg, 314-316; royalist rising in, ii, 280, 282.

---- Edmund, Earl of, charged with treason and executed, i, 170.

Keppel, Admiral, court martial of, iii, 172; entertained at the London Tavern, 173; the freedom of the City voted to, _id._

Ket, Robert, his rebellion, i, 432; taken and hanged at Norwich Castle, 433.

---- William, executed at Wymondham, i, 433.

Key, Sir John, Mayor, his letter to the Duke of Wellington, iii, 330; re-elected mayor, 338, 339n.; vote of thanks to, 339.

Kiffin, William, appointed alderman by James II, ii, 521; reluctantly accepts office, 522; discharged, 523; subscribes (unwittingly) to an entertainment given to the Papal Nuncio, 524.

Kimbolton, Lord, impeachment of, ii, 155.

King's Bench, court of, removed to York, i, 162.

King's Bench prison, fired by Gordon rioters, iii, 184.

Kirkman, John, a candidate for the Shrievalty, iii, 138; elected M.P. for the City, 192; his death, _id._

Kitson, Sir Thomas, sheriff, i, 391.

Kneseworth, Thomas, late mayor, committed to prison, i, 338.

Knighthood, proclamation enforcing, i, 240.

Knolles, Thomas, appointed joint treasurer of subsidy, i, 251; ordered to make valuation of property in the City, _id._

Knyvett, Thomas, refuses to pay tax for maintenance of Parliamentary army, ii, 181.

Ladbroke, Robert, Sheriff, M.P. for the City, knighted, iii, 50; his death, 141.

Lagos Bay, disaster in, ii, 571.

La Hogue, battle of, ii, 569.

Lamb, Dr., assassination of, ii, 105.

Lambert, Daniel, elected mayor, iii, 47; M.P. for the City, _id._; knighted, 50; loses his seat for the City, 56.

---- Col. John, ejects the Rump, ii, 356; marches northward to intercept Monk, 364.

Lambeth, treaty of, i, 81.

Lambyn, Edmund, i, 153.

Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, revolt of, i, 163, 164; the citizens charged by Edward III with having assisted, 166; his charges against the king read at the Guildhall, 167; his fall, 168; fined, 170.

Lancaster, John, Duke of, his quarrel with the citizens, i, 208-211; reconciled, 212; Philipot leads the opposition against, 215.

---- Thomas, Earl of, his house in Holborn, i, 149; taken prisoner at Boroughbridge and executed at Pomfret, 152; a tablet erected in St. Paul's by, 153; Queen Isabel proclaims herself avenger of, 155.

Landen, battle of, ii, 571.

Langham, Sir James, committed to the Tower, ii, 266; impeached, 273; deprived of his aldermanry, 308; restored and excused serving, 383, 384.

Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, produces before barons assembled at St. Paul's, a copy of Charter of Liberties granted by Henry I, i, 72.

---- Walter, Bishop of Chester, i, 129, 137.

Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, sent to the Tower, i, 458; burnt at Oxford, 474.

Latymer, William, Parson of St. Laurence Pountney, informs against Bonner, i, 438.

Laud, Archbishop, attack made on his palace at Lambeth, ii, 124; impeached, 135.

Lauderdale, Lord, attends the Common Council, ii, 229; brought prisoner to London, 342.

Launde, Robert, knighted, i, 220.

Lawrence, Joseph, candidate for aldermanry, ii, 644.

Laxton, William, grocer, his school at Oundle, i, 353; knighted, 412; accompanies remains of Henry VIII to Windsor, 419.

Leathersellers of London, a portion of the suppressed Priory of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, converted into a hall for the Company of, i, 401.

Ledes, co. Kent, castle of, captured by Edward II, i, 151.

Lee, Sir Richard, i, 478.

---- Robert, mayor, first signatory to proclamation of James I, ii, 1.

---- Rowland, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, i, 391.

---- William, elected Sheriff, iii, 138.

Leeds, Thomas, Earl of Danby, afterwards Duke of, impeached, ii, 458; signs the invitation to the Prince of Orange, 529; bribed by East India Company, 594, 596; ordered to be again impeached, 596.

Legge, William, the Freedom of the City voted to, iii, 61-62; subscribes to bounties for soldiers, 64.

Leiburn, Sir Roger de, advises the City's submission to Henry III, i, 100.

Leicester, surrenders to Fairfax, ii, 220.

---- Robert, Earl of, sent to Flanders, i, 531; his opinion of London soldiers, 535.

Leigh, Sir Thomas, mayor, particulars of, i, 484n.

Leighton, Sir William, iii, 242.

Leman, Sir John, ii, 67, 71.

Le Mans, birth place of Henry II, i, 61.

Lenthall, William, appointed Speaker of the House of Commons, ii, 132; writes to the City for a loan, 135, 136; his bold speech to the king, 156; attends Court of Aldermen, 363.

Lepanto, battle of, 517.

Lethieullier, Christopher, elected sheriff, ii, 548; knighted, 552.

Leventhorp, John, executor of King Henry IV, i, 270.

Levett, Sir Richard, elected sheriff, ii, 565; knighted, 567; stands for the City, 609.

Lewen, William, alderman, candidate for aldermanry of Broad Street Ward, ii, 640.

Lewes, battle of, i, 96; the "Mise" of, _id._

Leyre, William de, the captive Wallace lodged in the house of, i, 130.

Lieutenancy, Court of, commission granted to the City, ii, 67; address to Charles II, thanking him for dissolving parliament, 466; a new commission appointed by Queen Anne, 612; dispute with the Lord Mayor as to the control of the City's militia, iii, 235.

Lilburne, John, incites the army to mutiny, ii, 310; his trial at the Guildhall, 316-318; elected common councilman, 319; takes the Engagement with reservations, _id._; election declared void by Parliament, _id._

Lille, capture of, ii, 629.

Lilly, William, the Grammarian, master of Colet's School, i, 365.

Lincoln, John, executed for riot on Evil May Day, i, 357.

Littleton, Stephen, takes part in the Gunpowder Plot, ii, 14.

Livery of London, the. _See_ Common Hall.

Livery Cloth, presented to the mayor, etc., on the decease of Henry VIII, i, 418; the City's claim to, allowed at Queen Mary's funeral, 483.

Loans, to Louis the Dauphin, i, 82; to Edward II, 140; to Edward III, 185, 189, 192, 198, 201; to Richard II, 214, 217, 225; to Henry IV, 250, 251; to Henry V, 258, 261; to Edward IV, 308, 310, 318, 319; to Richard, Earl of Warwick, 310, 312; to Richard III, 325, 326; to Henry VII, 328, 329, 330; to Henry VIII, 367, 369, 373; to Mary, 467, 477, 482; to Elizabeth, 519, 546, 549, 560; to James I, ii, 13, 57, 63, 69, 70; to Hugh Middleton, 25; to the Elector Palatine, 75, 77, 83; to Charles I, 92, 97, 104, 105, 119; the "forced loan," 100; Charles attempts to extort another loan from the City, 122; more applications for, 126, 127, 128; to Parliament, 135, 136, 138, 146, 162, 167, 172, 177, 182, 205, 214, 241, 263, 264, 290, 292, 310, 372; for payment of the Scottish army, 140, 219, 238; a loan for the siege of Chester, 224; to Cromwell, 314; to the Council of State, 373; to the Convention Parliament, 378; to Charles II, 385, 388-389, 399, 403, 406, 414, 436, 455, 456; to the Prince of Orange, 538; to William and Mary, 560, 563, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571; the last of the City loans, 587.

Locke, Sir William, i, 438.

Lockwood, Richard, M.P. for the City, opposes passing of Election Act (II Geo., i, c. 18), iii, 28.

Lollards, the, proceedings against, i, 221, 248-250, 253-257.

Lombards, the, a rising in the City against, i, 292.

London, Bishops of. _See_ Aylmer; Bonner; Courtenay; Fitz-James; Maurice; Mellitus; Ridley; Tunstal.

---- Bridge, its erection during Roman occupation, i, 5; the Danes defeated at, 20, 21; repaired under William Rufus, 39; custody of, presented to Queen Eleanor, 101; attacked by Fauconberg, 315, 316; a false drawbridge ordered to be made in case of need in time of difficulty, 431.

London, City of, its geographical position, i, 1; the "emporium" of the world, 2; not in demesne, _id._; its commercial greatness during the Roman occupation, 4; Roman relics in, 6; the metropolis of the East Saxons, 8, 9; its increasing importance under Egbert, 9-10; the same weights and measures used in, as at Winchester, 10; the head-quarters of the Danes, 11; "restored" by Alfred the Great, 12; Ethelred, alderman of, 13; government of, similar to that of a shire, _id._; gallant repulse of Danes by citizens, _id._; the "frith-gild," 14-16; first mention of a Guildhall, 15; the mint in, 16; attacked by Sweyn, 17, 19; submits to Sweyn, 19; takes part in election of Edmund Ironside, king, 23; attacked by Cnut, 23; the "lithsmen" of, 25, 26; the capital of the kingdom, 27; gemóts held in, _id._; declares for Earl Godwine, 28; favours Edgar the Atheling, 31; arrival of William the Conqueror in, i, 31; negotiates with, 32; submission of, 33; William's charter to, 34; the portreeve of, 35, 64; lost charter granting the shrievalty of, 36, 37n.; not included in "Doomsday," 37; right to elect its own Justiciar, 43; its election of Stephen, 45; sends representatives to the Synod at Winchester, 48-50; the Empress Matilda in, 50, 51; Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, sheriff of, 53; holds the balance between Stephen and the Empress, _id._; arrival of Henry of Anjou in, 54; destroyed by fire (1136), 55; charter of Henry II to, 58; disturbances in, 59, 60; Longchamp and the citizens of, 62; grant of a "Commune" to, 63; charters of Richard I to, 68, 71; the Barons admitted into, 77; charter of John granting annual election of mayor of, _id._; its rights preserved by _Magna Carta_, _id._; placed under an interdict, 78; arrival of Louis the Dauphin in, 79; invested by the Earl Marshal, 81; lends money to Louis, 82; protest of, against Papal claims, 85; taken into Henry III's hands, 85, 99, 111; persecution of Jews in, 87; Henry III, master of, 91; mediates between the king and barons, 92; the queen insulted by inhabitants of, 94; the mayor and chief citizens summoned to Windsor, 100; the Earl of Gloucester gains possession of, 102; charter of Henry III to, 103; arrival of Edward I in, 111; sends a deputation to confer with the king at Paris, 112, 116; taken into the king's hands, 122, 146; furnishes Edward I with ships and men, 125; its mayoralty restored, 128, 148; riots in, 135; the Barons admitted into, 136; the gates of, barred against the Barons, 138; the king's right to talliage, resisted, 139, 140; confirmation of ordinances of, by Edward II, 142; proceedings at the Iter at the Tower (1321), 143-148; taken into the king's hands, 146; assists Edward II in expedition against the castle of Ledes, co. Kent, 151; charter of exemption from foreign service to citizens of, _id._; lost to Edward II, 155, 156; freedom of, conferred on Stratford, Bishop of Winchester, 158; Queen Isabel and the mayoralty of, _id._; charters of Edward III to, 160, 180, 188, 196, 208; citizens of, urged to join the Earl of Lancaster in revolt, 164; charged by Edward III with having assisted Lancaster, 166; the mayor and citizens summoned to attend the king at Woodstock, 178; ships furnished by citizens of, 182, 183; charter of Edward III, granting privilege of using gold mace, 196; grievances of, laid before the king, 198; return made of number of parishes in, 203; an ecclesiastical centre, _id._; opposed to John of Gaunt, 209-211; reconciled, 212; charters of Richard II to, 214, 224; foreigners forbidden to traffic in, by retail, 214; reforms in, under Northampton, 221-223; Richard II applies to, for assistance against Parliament, 233; the mayor and aldermen summoned to Windsor, 234; the Lords appellant admitted into, 235; absolved by the Archbishop of oath of allegiance, _id._; refuses a loan to Richard II, 241; the mayor and sheriffs committed to prison, _id._; fined, 242; the citizens go to meet Henry of Lancaster, 245; rental of the City's lands, 252; the citizens invited to send provisions to Caen free of Custom, 262, 263; sends provisions to Harfleur for the English army, 263, 264; the king's thanks for the same, 264, 265; famine in, 272; allowances to City Members of Parliament, 273, 274; parliamentary relief for poor of, 278; Calais appeals to, 279; forces sent for relief of Calais, 279, 280; charter of Henry VI to, 281; entrance to, denied to the Duke of York, 287; affected neutrality of, 288, 290, 291; again called upon to assist in defending Calais, 289; the Duke of York takes up his quarters in, 290; a rising against Lombards in, 292; letter from Henry VI to the Mayor for safeguarding of, 293; thanks of Henry VI for offer of ships by, _id._; commissions of array issued to mayor and sheriffs, 297; sends deputation to Henry VI, at Northampton, 298; opposes the entrance of the Yorkists, 299; deputation sent to meet the Yorkist Lords, 299, 300; shows signs of wavering, 301, 302; forsaken by Henry VI, 305; charters of Edward IV to, 307, 308; the Tower in the hands of municipal authorities, 312; the custody of the Tower removed from, _id._; Edward IV re-enters, 313; letter of Fauconberg to and reply, 314, 315; grant of a general pardon to, 318; Edward entertains the citizens with a day's hunting, _id._; Edward V welcomed by, 319, 320; the Duke of Buckingham's harangue at Guildhall in of Gloucester, 321; deputation to Gloucester offering him the crown, 322; gift to Richard III and his queen at coronation by, 323; bold speech of Londoners to Richard III, 325; reception of Henry VII by, 326, 329; precautions taken against Perkin Warbeck, 332; visit of Henry VIII to as a boy, 334; rejoicings in, on formation of league between Henry VII and the king of the Romans, 336; charter of Henry VII to, 337; gift to Henry VIII at coronation, 344; famine in, 346; foundation of City of London school, 349, 350; charges brought by Wolsey against, 354; Wolsey's advice to, touching payment of subsidy, 355; riots in, on Evil May Day, 355-357; obtains the king's pardon, 358; reception of Cardinal Campeggio in, 362-364; solemn procession in, on report of Scottish invasion, 372; rejoicings in, on news of defeat of the French, 374; the citizens and the Amicable Loan, 375-376; French ambassadors lodged in Bishop of London's palace in St. Paul's Churchyard, 377; deputation sent to Henry VIII, at Greenwich, touching Wythypol's discharge from aldermanry, 377-379; famine in (1529), 379; suppression of monasteries in, 386, 390-393, 397-401; the citizens show dissatisfaction at the king's marriage with Anne Boleyn, 388; sends a detachment to put down Pilgrimage of Grace, 394; increase of poor in, on suppression of Religious Houses, 404; offers to purchase the dissolved houses for relief of poor, 405; Edward VI welcomed to, 420, 421; the Reformation in, 421-430; redemption of charges for superstitious uses by, 424, 425; Edward VI passes through, 431; letter to, from Lords of the Council with charges against Protector Somerset, 433, 434; letter from Somerset to mayor of, 434; joins the Lords against Somerset, 435; the Lords explain their conduct to, 436; raises forces against Somerset, _id._; charter of Edward VI to, granting rights in Southwark, 442; indignation in, on Warwick's arbitrary conduct, 446; Queen Mary proclaimed in, 454, 455; Queen Mary welcomed by, 456; put into a state of defence against Wyatt, 462; Philip and Mary welcomed by, 469-471; renewed opposition to foreigners in, 475, 476; accession of Elizabeth welcomed by, 484; havoc worked by reformers in, 487; protestant refugees in, 504; renders assistance to the Prince of Orange, 505; Flemish merchants seized in, 510; measures taken for safeguarding of, during Northumberland Conspiracy, 515, 516; proceedings against Jesuits in, 524, 525; special preachers in, 526; foreigners in, 532; threatened famine in, 533; preparations in, to meet the Armada, 535; disbanded soldiers in, after defeat of Armada, 547; search in, for Spanish emissaries, 549, 550; refuses further supplies of ships, 557-559; threatened by another Armada, 560; the mayor of, the first signatory of document proclaiming James I king, ii, 1; James enters Tower of, 3; his passage through the City, 5; free trade opposed by citizens of, 10-12; water supply of 18-28; the Ulster Plantation, 28-45; the Virginia Company, 46-54; account of insult offered to the Spanish ambassador in, 79-82; joy of citizens at the return of Prince Charles from Spain, 84; plague of 1625 in, 95; called upon to supply ships for defence of the Thames, _id._; ships supplied by, 98, 101; sickness and famine in, 109; ship money levied in, 111, 117, 125; loss of its Irish estate, 115; charter of Charles I to, 118; unpopularity of Strafford in, 132; refuses to advance money until execution of Strafford, 138; the "Protestation" accepted by, 139; day of thanksgiving in, 142; opposition to the bishops, 147, 150; Charles entertained in, 147; petition of, for removal of bishops, 151; Charles at the Guildhall, demands the five members, 156; petition to the king thereon, 158; a panic in, 159; Charles's reply to late petition, 160; supplies the army with arms, 170; defensive operations in, 170, 171; petitions for peace, 177; deputation to the king, 178; the king's terms rejected by, 180; weekly assessment in, 182, 184; propositions for peace, 183; scheme for fortification of, _id._; Puritanism in, 187; scarcity of coal in, 189; the Tower committed to the custody of mayor and sheriffs, 191; sends relief to Gloucester, _id._; "weekly meal" for payment of army, 199, 200; suspects banished from, 202; invited by Parliament to frame proposals for peace, _id._; thanked by Parliament, 204; difficulty in getting in arrears of monthly assessment and weekly meal account, 205; proposals submitted to Parliament, 209, 210; its trade ruined, 213; letter from the mayor of Gloucester to, 216; Plymouth appeals to, 220; royalist prisoners in, 221; Presbyterianism in, 223, 227, 232; letter from the Scottish Parliament to the Mayor of, 228; claims to govern the militia of the suburbs, 230-232; letter of Charles I to, 234; remonstrance by, presented to both Houses, 234-235; a counter remonstrance, 235; reply to King's letter, 235-237; petitions both Houses to redress grievances, 239; correspondence with the army, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 255, 264, 265, 269; sends commissioners to head-quarters, 248; beset by reformadoes, 250; petitions of apprentices to Parliament, 251; preparations for defence of, 254, 256; more commissioners to the army, _id._; surrenders to Fairfax, 259; army enters, 260; at the mercy of the army, 262; more demands for money, 263-266; the mayor and others committed, 266; threat to quarter troops on, 267; petitions parliament for removal of the army to a greater distance, 269; petitions for release of aldermen, 270; Puritanism in the City, 271; its attitude towards the army, 275, 277; entrusted with the protection of Parliament, 277, 279; petitions for control of militia, 278; again petitions for release of aldermen, 280; aldermen released, 282; letter from Prince of Wales to, 289; urges parliament to come to an understanding with the army, 292; loan by, to assist negotiations with the king, _id._; negotiations opposed by London "Levellers," 291; Fairfax announces his intention to enter, 293; demands money from, 293, 296, 301; the army enters, 294; the Commonwealth proclaimed in, 311; Richmond Park presented to, 313; threatened with free quarters for the army unless money be found, 314; economical measures taken by, 321; money raised for relief of the poor of, 322-324; removal of Royal emblems in, 330; assessed at one fifteenth of the whole kingdom, 331; another letter from Prince of Wales to, 340; Scottish prisoners brought to, after battle of Worcester, 341; reception of Cromwell in, 342; subscriptions for relief of wounded soldiers in, 344; precautions against a royalist rising in, 350-352; letter from Monk to the Common Council, 357; negotiations for the safety of, 357, 359, 360; rising of apprentices in favour of a free Parliament, 358; royalist hopes centered in, 361; reply sent to Monk, 363; desires a full Parliament, 364; another letter from Monk, 364-365; deputation to meet Monk, 365; Monk enters, 366; confers with Court of Aldermen, 367, 368, 369; royal arms again set up in, 374; the City's declaration and vindication, 374-377; letter from Charles II to, 377; answer thereto, 378; commissioners sent to the king, 379; Charles II proclaimed in, 380; the king enters, _id._; takes oath of allegiance, 381; rising of Fifth-monarchy men in, 386-388, 396; parliamentary election (1661), 392-393; desires confirmation of its charter, 394-396; reception of Russian ambassador in, 401-403; charter of Charles II to, 403; the French ambassador insulted at Lord Mayor's banquet, 404-406; the Great Plague, 409-414; estimate of population of, 413 n.; the Great Fire, 414-418; assistance sent from York and Ireland to, 420; the streets to be cleared, 423; the rebuilding of, 427-435; a special court of judicature created for settling disputes after the fire, 428; report on state of the Chamber of 438-439; Cardonel's proposals for raising money, 447; the Prince of Orange in, 443; effect of closing the Exchequer upon, 445; heavy assessment in, 446; petitions Parliament for pecuniary relief, 447; petitions and addresses to Charles II for summoning a Parliament, 460, 461, 463, 465, 475; elections (1681) in, 463; proceedings against, under writ of _Quo Warranto_, 476, 477, 478, 494-500; debate on question of City's surrender, 503; judgment entered, 503-504; bishop of, suspended, 516; agitation against Popery in, 516-517; dissenters supreme in, 525; rejoicings in, at birth of Prince James Edward, 528-529; the City charter restored, 530; the mayor and others attend Privy Council, 532; attacks on Catholics in, 533, 534; James sends for the mayor and aldermen on hearing of landing of Prince of Orange, 533; the Lords attend at Guildhall to draw up declaration in favour of William, 535; invited by Prince of Orange to send representatives to assembly, 537; reversal of judgment on _Quo Warranto_, 541, 543, 554-555; report of City Committee of Grievances, 541-543; William and Mary at the Lord Mayor's banquet, 551; elections (1690) in, 553; disputed municipal elections in, 556-558; assistance of, invoked against France, 559-561; William again at the Lord Mayor's banquet, 570; excitement in, on disaster in Lagos Bay, 572; address to the Queen, 573; address to William on death of Queen, 587; corrupt practices in, 589-596; Jacobite tumults in, 597, 598; elections (1695) in, 598; address on discovery of Assassination Plot, 599; Association in defence of the King, 600; opposes Election Bill, 601; resolution to defend the King, 601; rejoicings in, for the peace of Ryswick, 603; King's reception on return from Flanders, 604-606; address to William on death of James II, 607; addresses to Queen Anne, 610, 616, 623, 626, 629, 630, 635, 649; visits of the Queen to, 613, 614, 616, 621, 624; the Duke of Marlborough in, 617, 623; financial difficulties of, 618-621; standards taken at Ramillies presented to, 623; soldiers supplied to Anne, 624; search for Papists in, 627; elections (1708 and 1710) in, 628, 637; Act for building new churches, 639; election disputes in, 640; Prince Eugene in, 645; records to be searched for customary procedure in communications with the Crown, 646; address to Queen Anne on peace of Utrecht, 647; loyal addresses to George I, touching Jacobite Conspiracy, iii, 6, 8; the City reprimanded by Parliament for defraying law costs in disputed elections out of the Chamber, 13-15; the action of Parliament towards South Sea Company approved by, 22; the Election Act, (11 Geo. i, c, 18) regulating elections in, 26-29; the freedom conferred on Frederick, Prince of Wales, 40; loyal addresses to George II, 49, 51, 54, 55; the freedom conferred on the Duke of Cumberland, 54, 55; opposes a proposed tax on plate, 58; urges the execution of Admiral Byng, 59, 60, 61; the freedom conferred on Pitt and Legge, 61, 62; offers bounties for soldiers, 63; addresses to the king on Capture of Quebec and conquest of Canada, 64; address on surrender of St. Lucia and capture of Martinico, 72; the freedom voted to Charles Townshend, 79; another remonstrance, 100, 101; the King's reply, 101; Beckford's famous speech, 102; address to King deprecating hostilities with America, 157; the King's reply, 158; the freedom voted to Dr. Richard Price, 165; another address deprecating war with America, _id._; subscriptions in aid of war with America refused by, 167; advocates conciliatory measures, 168; freedom voted to Admiral Keppel, 173; vote of thanks to Whig lords for supporting economical reform, 175; letter to Lord Shelburne touching Wiltshire Committee of Association, 176, 177; Lord Shelburne's reply, 177; accepts form of Association, 178; advocates repeal of Savile's Act, 179, 184; the Gordon riots in, 180-184; address to the king after Gorden riots, 191; claim for damages after riots, _id._; address to the king on Rodney's victory in the West Indies, 200; proposal to present the king with a man-of-war in place of the Royal George by, 201; opposes Fox's East India Bill, 204-206; upholds the exercise of the king's prerogative, 205; opposes Shop Tax and obtains its repeal, 209-212; the city's rights saved in convention with France, 212; its efforts to abolish the slave trade, 212-213, 288-290; the Prince of Wales's gift of £1,000 to poor of, 214; sends clothing, etc. to troops in Flanders, 222; the freedom voted to Howe, Jervis and Sir George Grey, 223-224; riots in, 224; great scarcity in, 225; subscribes £100,000 to Loyalty Loan, 231; the freedom voted to Nelson and a sword to Jervis, 232; swords of honour voted to Duncan and Sir Richard Onslow, 234; the freeedom voted to Captain Berry, 237; a sword of honour voted to Nelson, _id._; the same to Sir Sydney Smith, 239; bread riots in, 241-245; address to the king for meeting of Parliament to consider the high price of provisions, 247; Pitt's proposal to fortify, against Napoleon, 251; claims a separate Bill in matters military, 257; address to the king on the dismissal of Lord Melville, 260; the same on the formation of the ministry of "all the talents," 265; the freedom voted to Sir John Stuart for victory of Maida, 266; address on fall of the Grenville Ministry, 267; address of thanks to the king for assisting Spain against Napoleon, 268; its indignation at the Convention of Cintra, 269; the freedom voted to Colonel Wardle, 270; demands enquiry into cause of failure of the Walcheren Expedition, 271; opposes Wellington's annuity, 274; the freedom offered to the Prince but declined, 282; address to Regent omitted from _London Gazette_, 285; address on assassination of Spencer Percival, _id._; offers congratulations to Prince Regent after Waterloo, 290; the Corn Laws opposed by, 294-296; addresses to the Regent on the general depression, 294, 296; the lord mayor's report of the riot in Spa Fields, 299-305; address to Regent on the prevailing distress, 305; the Regent's "most gracious" reply, 306; opposes Indemnity Bill, 308; address to George IV on his accession, 315; address to king for dismissal of ministers, 320; lends pecuniary assistance to Spain and Greece against the Holy Alliance, 324; votes assistance to Spitalfields weavers, 325; resolutions of Common Council touching Parliamentary Reform, 331-332; the freedom voted to Lords Grey and Althorp, 339, 344; petition to Parliament not to vote supplies until the Reform Bill be passed, 340-341; examples of public spirit displayed by, 349-350; the Corporation appointed sanitary authority of, 350.

London City Forces, supplied to Edward I, i, 126; to Edward II, 140, 152; to Edward III, 161, 179, 180, 182, 183, 185, 190, 195, 199; to Henry VI, 280-293; to Henry VIII, 346, 409-411, 412, 413, 414; to Queen Mary, 462, 464, 477, 478, 480, 481; to Queen Elizabeth, 489, 490, 491, 519, 531, 534, 546, 548, 549, 552, 555, 556, 557, 559, 560; reviewed in Greenwich Park by Queen Elizabeth, 518, 529; soldiers supplied for service in the Palatinate, ii, 89; to Charles I, 94, 98, 103, 126; musters in the City, 120; placed in command of Skippon, 161; additional forces raised for defence of the City, 170; the City offers to raise a force for the army, 175; the City again called upon to supply men, 185; ten volunteer regiments raised by the City, 186; Sir William Waller in command of, 191; horse raised for Waller, 193; mutiny amongst, 196-197; auxiliaries to join the Parliamentary army, 200; at siege of Greenland House, 205; City contingent to first standing army, 208; military activity in the City, 215; cavalry raised for the protection of the associated counties, 220; Massey commander-in-chief of, 257; Skippon again in command of, 276; reviewed in Hyde Park, 329; the City consents to raise cavalry, 332; Monk made sergeant-major-general of, 373; Sir Richard Browne appointed major-general, 385; auxiliaries raised in the City, 436; reviewed in Hyde Park, 569; City militia exempted from the National Militia Bill, iii, 57; the London Association and the Gordon rioters, 183, 184; refuses to lay down its arms, 186-187; proposal for an armed association of householders objected to, 186-190; the City militia to be placed on a proper footing, 199; the Loyal London Volunteers, 224, 252; thanks to the Military Association at Grocer's Hall, 224; the Cornhill Military Association, 233, 236; review of volunteers, 239; a contingent of 800 men furnished by the City against Napoleon, 252; the River Fencibles and Harbour Marines, _id._; review of City volunteers at Blackheath, 256; the City included in the provisions of Pitt's Additional Force Bill, but claims a separate Bill, 257; objections to artillery practising in Finsbury Fields, 258. _See also_ Militia and Trained bands.

London, City Records, order for expunging, ii, 398; defective condition of, 453; minutes of Common Council during Civil War expunged, 498; to be searched for customary procedure in communications with the Crown, 646.

---- City wall, i, 5.

---- Mayor of, first mention of, i, 66, 68; charter of John granting annual election of, 77; the title of "lord" mayor, 197; election of, by the guilds, 206; assessed as an earl, 217; election of, preceded by Divine Service, 252; takes precedence of the king's brothers at the Guildhall, 257; communion substituted for mass at election of, 429; mass substituted for communion, 459; election of, preceded by communion, 487; presented to the House of Lords in the absence of the king, ii, 267; expenses of his table cut down, 320; not to sell places, 321; his allowance reduced, 333-335; interference of Parliament in election of, 354, 355; proposal to omit pageant on lord mayor's day for fear of riot, 356; his claim to jurisdiction within the Temple, 440, 443; his prerogative in election of sheriffs, 470, 564; presented to the Constable of the Tower on election, 547; the question of his precedence in the City in the absence of the king, iii, 262; the new mayor sworn before the barons of the exchequer, the king being ill, 281.

London, Sheriffs, of, charter of William I, granting sheriffwick of London, i, 36; of Middlesex, 40-43; the appointment of, lost for a time to the City, 58; inquest of, _id._; election of, by the guilds, 206; fines for discharge of, ii, 63, 338; their expenses cut down, 320; not to sell places, 321; allowances of, reduced, 335; mode of electing, 468-472; the mayor's prerogative to elect one of the, 470, 472, 563-566; tumultuous elections of, 479-488; James II sanctions the mayor's prerogative, 520; a bill to settle elections of, rejected, 565.

---- Ships, supplied to Edward I, i, 125; to Edward III, 182, 183, 189, 193, 195, 197, 199, 204; to Henry VI, 293; to Queen Elizabeth, 536, 549, 552, 555, 560; requisition of, resisted by the City of London, ii, 95; supplied to Charles I, 98, 101, 114; loss of the ship "London," 407; launch of the "Loyal London," 408; the same destroyed, 435.

---- Thomas of. _See_ Becket.

Long, Sir Lisleborne, recorder, waits the Protector, ii, 352.

Longbeard, William Fitz-Osbert, called, rising in the City under i, 70; takes refuge in St. Mary-le-Bow, and is hanged, 71.

Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely, appointed chancellor during absence of Richard I, i, 61; takes refuge in the Tower for fear of John, 62; deposed from chancellorship, 63.

Lorimer, Edmund le, grant of Small Beam to, i, 141.

Lotteries, the first public lottery, i, 506-508; a lottery in aid of the Virginia Company, ii, 49, 51.

Louis the Dauphin, lands at Sandwich, i, 79; deserted by the Barons and supported by London, 80; defeated at Lincoln, _id._; his departure, 81.

Louviers, fall of, i, 263.

Love, Christopher, executed on Tower Hill, ii, 383.

---- William, alderman, M.P. for the City, ii, 392, 458, 464, 538; removed from his aldermanry, 396.

Lovell, Salathiel, recorder, knighted ii, 570.

Lowe, Sir Thomas, ii, 13, 66.

"Loyalty loan," the, iii, 228-231; the City subscribes £100,000 to, 231.

Lucar, Emanuel, committed to Fleet prison, i, 468.

Lumbard, Jacobina la, the Small Beam granted to, i, 124.

Lumnore, Lumnar, or Lomner, Henry, grocer, his connection with the Great Beam, i, 387.

Lunsford, Colonel, Lieutenant of the Tower, removed at the Lord Mayor's request, ii, 153.

Luttrell, Colonel, declared M.P. for Middlesex, iii, 87, 88; burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, 118.

Lygons, Ferdinando, commissioned to raise 300 archers in the City, i, 480.

Lyndhurst, Lord, his amendment to the Reform Bill, iii, 340.

Lyons, Richard, alderman, deposed, i, 205; his death, 219.

Lyttelton, Sir George, Chancellor of the Exchequer, proposes a tax on plate, iii, 58.

Maghfeld, or Maunfeld, Gilbert, appointed sheriff by the king, i, 242.

Maida, battle of, iii, 266.

Malpas, Philip, his house sacked by Cade, i, 284; particulars of, 284 n.

Malplaquet or "Blaregnies," battle of, ii, 630.

Manchester, Edward, Earl of, ii, 215.

---- Henry. Earl of. _See_ Montagu.

"Manchester Massacre," the, or "Peterloo," iii, 309-310.

Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, justiciar of the City, i, 44; constable of the Tower, 51; won over by the Empress Matilda, _id._; forsakes her, 52; justiciar and sheriff of London and Middlesex, 53; again joins the Empress, _id._; his death, 54.

Mansfeld, Count, arrives in England, ii, 86, 87; failure of his expedition for recovery of the Palatinate, 90.

Mansfield, Lord, iii, 83; his house destroyed by Gordon rioters, 183.

Mansion House, the, threatened by Gordon rioters, iii, 184.

Mar, Earl of, defeated at Sheriffmuir, iii, 8.

Marchall, John le, murdered in Cheapside, i, 156.

Mare, Peter de la, released from Nottingham Castle, i, 212.

Margaret, Princess, sister of Edward IV, married to the Duke of Burgundy, i, 309, 310.

---- of Anjou, her marriage with Henry VI, i, 282; collects a force in defence of her husband's crown, 303; defeats Warwick at St. Albans, 305; intrigues with Warwick, 311; defeated at Tewkesbury, 314.

Markets, monopoly of, granted to the City, i, 161; allotment of sites for, after the Great Fire, ii, 433.

Markham, Sir Griffin, plots against James I, ii, 6.

---- Sir John, Lieutenant of the Tower, removed, i, 435.

Marlborough, John, Duke of, deserts James II, ii, 534; his successes in the war with France, 614, 616, 621, 622; entertained at Goldsmiths' Hall, 617; sets out for Holland, 621; entertained at Vintner's Hall, 623; his victories at Oudenarde and Malplaquet, 629, 630; sets out to the war, 638; dismissed from his offices, 645.

Mary, Princess, daughter of Henry VII, married to Prince Charles of Castile, i, 339; marries Louis XII, 347.

Mary, Queen, birth of, i, 354; her marriage with the Dauphin, 361, 362; declared illegitimate, 396; her place in the succession acknowledged by statute, 420; proclaimed Queen, 454, 455; enters the City, 456; restores the mass, 457; City gift to, at coronation of, 460; harangues the citizens at Guildhall, 462; married to Philip II, 469; obtains the reconciliation of England to Rome, 424; her persecution of Protestants, 473-475; deserted by Philip, 477; declares war against France, _id._; her death, 483; her statue at the Royal Exchange mutilated, ii, 534.

---- Queen of Scots, assumes the style of Queen of England, i, 488; proposed marriage with the Duke of Norfolk, 515; execution of, 533.

---- wife of William III, proclaimed Queen, ii, 539; coronation of, 540; attends the lord mayor's banquet, 551; again invited but unable to attend, 573, 574; City address to, 573; death of, 587; the City's rights at the funeral of, allowed, 588.

Maseres, Francis, cursitor baron, his letter to the City touching the Quebec Bill, iii, 143.

Mason, Robert, recorder, ii, 113.

Massey, Edward, colonel, ordered to leave Gloucester, ii, 216; made commander-in-chief of the City forces, 257; arrested, 295.

Matilda, the Empress, her claims to the throne acknowledged by the nobility, i, 44; disallowed by the City of London, 45; appeals to Rome, 46; acknowledged "Lady of England," 47; enters London, 50; driven out, 51; wins over Mandeville, _id._; withdraws to the continent, 53.

---- Queen of Stephen, supported by Mandeville, i, 52; reduces Winchester and releases Stephen, _id._

Matthias, the Emperor, loses the crown of Bohemia, ii, 74.

Maunay, Sir Walter de, commands expedition to Brittany, i, 189.

Maurice, Bishop of London, rebuilds St. Paul's, i, 38.

May, Hugh, king's commissioner for surveying the City after the fire, 431.

Maynard, Sir John, his opinion taken on the question of the aldermanic veto, ii, 454.

Medicis, Mary de, welcomed by the citizens, ii, 141.

Melborne, John, mayor, i, 365.

Mellitus, first Bishop of London, i, 8.

Melville, Lord. _See_ Dundas, Henry.

Mercers of London, image of Becket over gate of chapel of, i, 125; contribute to a gift of £500 to the king, 201; return of rental of, 252; subscribe towards furnishing soldiers for war with France, 347; the foundation of Mercers School, 349; foundation of St. Paul's School, 350-352; meeting of the Lords of the Council in Hall of, 435; trustees of Gresham College, 502; subscription for Prince Eugene opened at their chapel, ii, 624.

Merchant Adventurers, refuse to advance a loan to Elizabeth, i, 506; invited to subscribe to lottery, 507; bonds of the governor and company of, to be given up, 514; their company suppressed and afterwards restored, ii, 68.

Merchant-Taylors of London, contribute to a gift of £500 to the king, i, 201; return of rental of, 252; charter of Henry VII to the, 337; the French Ambassadors lodged in hall of, 362; their school founded on the site of the Duke of Buckingham's "Manor of the Rose," 366; refuse to part with property for erection of a City Burse, 497; take shares in first public lottery, 507; the House of Commons entertained by, ii, 12; Prince Henry enrolled a member of, _id._; James I entertained by, 12; James I entertained by the City in Hall of, 61; Parliament entertained in Hall of, 198.

Merlawe, Richard, appointed joint treasurer of subsidy, i, 251; mayor, 263.

Merton, Walter de, chancellor, orders the arrest of Walter Hervy, i, 108; issues proclamation for expulsion of Flemings, 115.

Merttins, Sir George, mayor, iii, 27.

Mesurier, Paul le, mayor, iii, 224; engaged in suppressing bread riots, 245.

Michell, Robert, punished for insulting the Spanish ambassador, ii, 81.

Middlemore, Humphrey, Procurator of Charter-house, committed to the Tower, i, 391.

Middlesex, co., grant of, to the City to ferm, i, 40; the shrievalty of, granted to the City, 41; the shrievalty of, exercised by sheriffs of London, 42; the shrievalty for a time lost to the City, 58; the ferm increased, 104; the ferm decreased, 160.

Middleton, Hugh, undertakes the formation of the New River, ii, 21; pecuniary assistance given to, by James I, 23; created a baronet, 25; City votes a gold chain to, _id._; his death, 26; money grant to widow of, _id._

---- Robert, surety for his brother Hugh, ii, 25.

---- Sir Thomas, mayor, ii, 23, 51; is security for a loan to his brother Hugh, 25; demurs at entertaining the king and court, 61; commands a regiment of trained bands, 66.

---- Thomas, poet, ii, 61.

Mildmay, Sir Walter, i, 514.

Militia, commission appointed for the City, ii, 165; committee of, 171, 215; its dispute with committee of Salters' Hall, 190; a new committee of, 241, 244; the City militia placed in the hands of a Parliamentary committee, 253, 254; restored to the City, 254; the City's claim to govern militia of the suburbs, 230-232; City's petition for control of, 278; militia committee appointed, 279; petition for amalgamation of City's militia with that of neighbouring counties, 286, 287; the committee of, increased, 339; the National Militia Bill (1756), iii, 57; the City's militia to be placed on a proper footing, 199, 236; Act of Parliament passed for the same purpose, 224; dispute as to the supreme control of the City's, 235.

Militia Ordinance, the, ii, 164.

Miller, John, printer of the _Evening Post_, arrested under the Speaker's warrant, but discharged, iii, 108.

---- Tempest, alderman, removed, ii, 396.

Milton, John, appointed Secretary for foreign languages to Council of State, ii, 303.

Minorca, loss of, iii, 59.

Mitchell, Admiral, captures the Dutch fleet, iii, 239-240.

"Mohocks," ii, 646.

Monk, General, his victory over the Dutch, ii, 344; prepares to march southward, 357; correspondence between the City and, 357, 360, 363, 364; City deputation to, 365; enters London, 366; another deputation to, _id._; confers with the Aldermen, 367, 368, 369; complains to Parliament of his treatment, 368; invited to take up his quarters at Whitehall, 369; remains in the City but changes his residence, 370; entertained at Grocers' Hall, 372; Sergeant-major-general of the City's forces, 373; resigns, 385.

Monmouth, duke of, rebellion of, ii, 511, 512, 513.

Monoux, Sir George, draper, his school at Walthamstow, i, 353; M.P. for the City, 370; re-elected mayor but discharged, 372; his gift to the City of a brewhouse in Southwark, 373; objects to part with property for the erection of a City Burse, 494, 495.

Mons, fall of, ii, 571; threatened by Marlborough and Eugene, 630.

Montagu, Chief Justice, i, 437.

---- Sir Henry, Recorder, afterwards earl of Manchester, welcomes James I to London, ii, 6; M.P. for the City, 8; urges the City to grant loans to Charles I, 122, 128.

Montague, Charles, adopts Paterson's plan for a national bank, ii, 584.

---- John, lord, killed with his brother, the Earl of Warwick, at Barnet, i, 314, 315.

Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, refused admission into the City, i, 91; summons a Parliament, 97; killed at Evesham, 98.

Monument, the, inscription on, ii, 419, 420.

Moore, Sir John, elected mayor, ii, 476; his conduct in the election of sheriffs, 478, 479; M.P. for the City, 509; a candidate for the mayoralty, 547; accused of betraying the City's liberties, _id._

Moorfields, riots in, ii, 271, 272; iii, 180.

Mordaunt, Lord, carries Charles II's letter to the City, ii, 377; the City's gift to, 379.

Mordon, Simon de, contributes to a loan to the king, i, 202.

More, John, sheriff, committed to the Tower, i, 227; attempts made to obtain his release, 228-229, 232.

---- Sir Thomas, his connection with the City, i, 348; welcomes the Emperor Charles I to the City, 365; elected Speaker, 370; the seals transferred from Wolsey to, 380; committed to the Tower for denying the king's supremacy, 392; beheaded, 393.

Morice, Peter, obtains permission to set up a water-mill at London Bridge, ii, 19.

Morley, Colonel, City commissioners to confer with, ii, 360, 363.

Mortimer, Sir John, sentenced to death, i, 269.

---- Roger, escapes from the Tower, i, 153; joins Isabel in France, 154; returns with her, 155; visits the Guildhall, 159; governs the country, 160, 168; arranges terms of treaty between England and Scotland, 163; opposed by Lancaster, _id._; his death, 170.

Mountjoy, Lord, defeats Tyrone, i, 563.

Mugg, John, rector of St. Clement Danes, i, 157.

Mundy, John, alderman, occasions riot on Evil May Day, i, 356.

Muntfichet, Richard de, taken prisoner at Lincoln, i, 80; his castle on the site of the Black Friars' house, _id._

"Murder Committee," the, Dudley North examined before, ii, 548-549.

Murray, John, ii, 88.

Namur, fall of, ii, 571; taken by William III, 597.

Nantes, Edict of, revoked, ii, 515.

Napoleon, marches into Syria, iii, 238; appointed First Consul, 240; insults the British ambassador, 251; proclaimed Emperor of the French, 256; attacks Spain, 268; his fall, 288; escapes from Elba, 290; defeated at Waterloo, _id._

Naseby, battle of, ii, 219.

Nash, William, alderman, iii, 121; elected mayor, 127; refuses to summon a Common Hall, 128; vote of thanks refused on his quitting office, 130.

Navigation Act, the, ii, 343.

Neate, William, his contest for the Aldermanry of Bridge Ward, iii, 146-149.

Nelson, Horatio, the freedom of the City voted to, iii, 232; his victory at the Nile, 236; presents the French admiral's sword to the City, _id._; a sword of honour voted to, 237; proposal to erect a national memorial of his victory at the Nile, _id._; his bust at the Guildhall, 238; offended at the City, 253-254; his victory of Trafalgar, 260; his death and funeral, 261; his monument in the Guildhall, 262-263.

Netherlands, the, envoys sent to Elizabeth from, i, 530; recruits enlisted in the City for service in, _id._; reinforcements for, 556.

Nevill, George, Archbishop of York, removes the custody of the Tower from the citizens, i, 312.

---- John de, of Raby, i, 228.

---- Richard. _See_ Warwick.

Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York, sent by Richard II to the City to ask for their support, i, 233; charged with treason, 233, 234.

Newark, the Scottish army invited to attack, ii, 222, 225.

Newburgh, Lord, acts as messenger between the King and the City, ii, 154.

Newbury, gallant conduct of City trained bands at, ii, 195; the second battle of, 212.

Newcastle, Thomas Pelham, Duke of, calls upon the lord mayor to assist in proclamation of war with Spain, iii, 43; informs lord mayor of the Pretender's landing in Scotland, and of his marching on London, 51, 53; administration of, 57, 58; makes a scapegoat of Admiral Byng, 59, 61; resigns, 60; his coalition with Pitt, 62.

---- William Cavendish, Earl of, governor of Newcastle, ii, 189.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, muster of forces at, i, 161; City proposals touching reduction of, ii, 189, 190; surrender of, 212.

Newgate prison, destroyed during Gordon riots, iii, 183-185; parliamentary grants for rebuilding, 191.

Newland, Sir George, M.P. for the City, ii, 638; candidate for aldermanry of Broad Street Ward, 640.

Newnham, Nathaniel, alderman, elected sheriff, iii, 155; elected M.P. for the City, 192; engaged in suppressing bread riots, 242, 243.

Newport, Isle of Wight, the treaty of, ii, 291.

New River, the, Act for bringing water of, from Chadwell, ii, 20; Middleton undertakes the work, 21; the opening of, 23; inhabitants compelled to use water of, 24.

New River Company, the, desires transfer of Middleton's rights, ii, 27.

Newton, Thomas, appointed Sheriff by the king, i, 242.

Nicholas, Secretary, ii, 162, 382.

Nicholson, Humphrey, a candidate for the shrievalty, ii, 473.

Nile the, battle of, iii, 236.

Nimeguen, peace of, ii, 456.

Nore, the mutiny at, iii, 233.

Norfolk, Thomas, 9th Duke of, attends lord mayor's banquet, i, 380; liberated from the Tower by Queen Mary, 457.

---- Thomas, 10th Duke of, proposal of marriage with Mary Stuart, i, 515; committed to the Tower, _id._

Normanby, Marquis of, his questionable transactions with the City, ii, 591-592.

Norris, Sir John, his expedition against Spain, i, 546.

North, Dudley, nominated sheriff by the mayor, ii, 479; declared elected, 482; sworn in, 488; the Mercers' Company refuse to recognise election, 488; elected alderman, 493; arrested at the suit of Papillon and Du Bois, 501; proceedings against, 548-549.

North, Lord, letter from George III to, touching expulsion of Wilkes from the House, iii, 82; consulted by the king as to manner of receiving City remonstrance, 97; assaulted by a mob, 115; the fall of his ministry, 196-197; secretary of state under the Duke of Portland, 204.

Northampton, battle of, i, 302.

---- John de, favours the Duke of Lancaster, i, 215; reforms of, during mayoralty, 221, 223; re-elected mayor, 223; proceedings against, 225-227; committed to Tintagel Castle, 227; efforts to release him, 228, 230; released, 230; re-appears in the City, 239; re-instated in his freedom, 240.

---- treaty of, i, 163.

_North Briton_, No. 45 burnt at the Royal Exchange, iii, 74-76.

Northbury, Richard, committed to the Tower, i, 227; attempt made to obtain his release, 228-229, 232.

Northumberland, Algernon, Earl of, attends a Common Council, ii, 267.

---- John, Duke of, formerly Earl of Warwick, overpowers Ket's rebellion, i, 433; summons the mayor and aldermen to confer with him at his house in Ely Place, 434, 435; leads the government after Somerset's fall, 440; his unpopularity with the City, 445-447; created Duke of Northumberland, 447; supports Lady Jane Grey, 453, 454; committed to the Tower, 455.

---- Thomas, Earl of, rebels against Elizabeth, i, 515.

Norton, William, i, 248.

Norwich, Earl of. _See_ Goring.

Nottingham, Charles I sets up his standard at, ii, 169.

Oates, Titus, corroborates existence of a Popish plot, ii, 457; his punishment, 510.

Occasional Conformity Bill passed, ii, 640.

Offley, Thomas, alderman, signs "counterfeit will" of Edward VI, i, 453; performs the duties of sheriff at Dudley's execution, 465; mayor, 478; particulars of, 478 n.

Old Bailey, petition of grand jury at, for Charles II to summon a parliament, ii, 466.

Oldcastle, Sir John, Lord Cobham, proclamation for capture of, i, 249; committed to the Tower, but escapes, 254; is re-captured and executed, 257.

Oliver, John, appointed surveyor for rebuilding the City after the Great Fire, ii, 431.

---- Richard, alderman, a member of the society known as the "Supporters of the Bill of Rights," iii, 87; discharges Miller arrested by Speaker's warrant for printing parliamentary debates, 108; defends his conduct before the House, 109-112; committed to the Tower, 113; a "table" provided for him at the City's expense, 114; regains his liberty, 119; refuses to serve sheriff with Wilkes, 120; gift of plate to, 128; his motion in the House, _re_ American Colonies, 161.

O'Neill. _See_ Tyrone.

Onslow, Colonel, otherwise "Cocking George," burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, iii, 118.

Ordainers, the, i, 133.

Orleans, siege of, i, 272.

Ormond, James, Marquis of, defeat of his forces near Dublin, ii, 314.

---- James, 2nd Duke of, assists in capturing French fleet in Vigo Bay, ii, 614; attends thanksgiving service at St. Paul's, 615; commands the English forces in the Netherlands, 645; takes refuge in France to avoid impeachment, iii, 5; assists the Pretender, 6.

Orphans, City, a Court of, established, ii, 543; petition of, for relief, 544; proposal to establish a fund for, 545; City petition to parliament for relief of, 579-581; Act for relief of, 582; the City's gift to the Speaker for procuring passing of the same, 589.

Osborne, Edward, mayor, particulars of, i, 528 n.

Oudenarde, battle of, ii, 629.

Owdeby, John, appointed joint treasurer of subsidy, i, 251.

Oxford, the "lithsmen" of London attend at, for election of king, i, 25; the Provisions of, 89, 91; Christchurch or "Cardinal College" at, 382; deputation sent to Charles I at, ii, 178-180; suspected royalists from, arrive in London, 202; Charles forced to quit, 206; endeavours to return to, 211; siege of, 216; siege abandoned, 219; thanks of the University of, sent to the City, 347.

---- John, Earl of, i, 380.

---- Robert Harley, afterwards Earl of, fails to form a Coalition, ii, 637; forms a Tory ministry, 638; impeached, iii, 5; his trial and discharge, 10, 11; founder of the South Sea Company, 17.

Oxford Arms, the, in Warwick Lane, soldiers quartered in, during Gordon riots, iii, 192.

Pack, Sir Christopher, alderman, his "remonstrance," ii, 348, 349; member of Cromwell's House of Lords, 350.

---- Deputy, sent Commissioner to Fairfax, ii, 248.

Package and Scavage, charter of Edward IV to the City granting the right of, i, 307.

Painters, strike of, in the City, i, 485.

Palatinate, the, the City assists Mansfeld to recover, ii, 89-91. _See also_ Frederick, Elector Palatine.

Palliser, Sir Hugh, his quarrel with Admiral Keppel, iii, 172; his flight from Portsmouth, _id._; the king's friendship for, 174.

Palmere, Roger le, i, 134, 153.

Papillon, Thomas, nominated for the shrievalty, ii, 480; declared duly elected, 481; petitions in favour of his election, 485, 486; Pritchard, the mayor, arrested at the suit of, 500; Pritchard obtains damages from, 502; returns to England, 548; deputy governor of the East India Company, 575, 576; M.P. for the City, 598.

Paris, Peace of (1763) iii, 72; (1783) 202; (1814) 287; (1815) 290.

Parish Registers, institution of, i, 403.

Parkhurst, Sir Robert, mayor, ii, 113.

Parkins, Joseph, sheriff, creates a disturbance in Common Hall, iii, 311; his unmannerly conduct, 312-313.

Parliament, the "mad," i, 89; summoned by Simon de Montfort, 97; at Shrewsbury, 118; at Bury St. Edmunds, 126; at the Black Friars, London, 133; at Lincoln, 162; at Northampton, 163; at Salisbury, removed to London, 164; at York, 173; the "good," 205; at Gloucester, 215; the "merciless," 238; allowances to City Members of, 273, 274; at Coventry, 296; the Duke of York's claim to the Crown allowed by, 303; benevolences declared illegal by, 325; at the Blackfriars, 370; at Bridewell, 381; objects to Queen Mary marrying a foreigner, 460; the Commons entertained in the City, ii, 12; the "addled," 61; supplies granted by, on condition that negotiations be broken off with Spain, 85; the Short, 121; the Long, 132; a guard for, refused by Charles I, 154; attempt to arrest the Five Members, 155-156; orders the bringing in of plate, 168; City petitions for peace laid before, 178; entertained by the City, 198, 234, 312; besieged by reformadoes, 242; petitions of London apprentices to, 251; besieged by apprentices, 254; City's petition to, that the army might be removed further from London, 269, 270; the same for release of recorder and aldermen, 270; the City entrusted with the protection of, 277; City's petition that the king might be allowed to come to London, 282, 283; the Speaker insulted by a member of the City Militia, 285; compliments the citizens on their desire for peace, 286; complains of insufficiency of protection, 292; City's petition for relief from taxation, 331; the Rump dismissed by Cromwell, 337; the Barebones or little, 346; the first under the Protectorate, 348; number of City members, 348n.; composition of Cromwell's House of Lords, 350; dissolution of second Protectorate, _id._; the Rump restored, 353; entertained at Grocer's Hall, 356; the Rump ejected by Lambert, _id._; London apprentices declare for a free parliament, 358; Fleetwood promises a free parliament, 359; the Rump again restored, 362; a deputation from, to the Aldermen, 363; the City demands a full and free parliament, 364; the Rump dissolves the Common Council, 366; Monk demands a full parliament, 368; the excluded members return to, 370; the Long dissolved, and Convention summoned, 373; entertained by the City, 384; the Cavalier parliament, 391, 458; City petition to, for pecuniary relief, 447; a series of short parliaments, 458, 460, 462, 463, 465; petitions and addresses to Charles II for summoning, 460, 461, 463, 465, 475; Tory parliament of 1685, 508, 516; the Convention summoned, 538; meets, 539; dissolved, 553; elections (1690), _id._; the Speaker convicted of bribery, 589-591; election of the first triennial parliament (1695), 598; Election Bill opposed by the City, 601; elections (1698), 606; elections (1701), 609; Statute permitting continuation of, notwithstanding demise of the crown, 611, 612; elections (1705), 621; Act for limiting exportation of corn, 631; elections (1710), 637; Act for building 50 new churches, 639; the Occasional Conformity Act, 639, 640; elections (1715), iii, 4; Septennial Act passed, 9; drastic measures against South Sea Company taken by, 20-21, 23-24; Election Act (II Geo. i, c. 18), regulating elections in the City, 26-29; the City in favour of repeal of Septennial Act, 48; elections (1747) 56; the National Militia Bill, 57; instructions to City members, 70; declares Luttrell duly elected M.P. for Middlesex, 88; arrest of printers for publishing parliamentary debates, 107, 108; instructions to City members to support Sawbridge and shorter parliaments, 130-132; resolution of Court of Aldermen in favour of short parliaments, 135; City members made to sign undertaking to promote short parliaments, &c., 141, 144, 145; proceedings relative to Wilkes and Middlesex election expunged, 145; extract from Chatham's letter to Lord Temple touching shorter parliaments entered on the City's Journal, 178; elections (1780), 192; steps taken to purge Parliament of contractors, 197-199; the Act for Stamped Receipts, 204; elections (1784), 207-208; the Shop Tax, 209; Pitt's Sedition and Treason Bills, 227; his Additional Force Bill, 257-258; the livery urge Parliamentary Reform, 277-281; the use of the Guildhall refused to reformers, 283; City petitions for Parliamentary Reform, 306-307; parliamentary elections in the City, 309; the passing of the Six Acts, 310; elections (1826), 326; repeal of Corporation and Test Acts, 327; the Catholic Emancipation Bill, 327-328; elections (1830), 329; the first Reform Bill introduced, 332; rejected and Parliament dissolved, 334; Reform Bill again brought in and passed by the Commons, but rejected by the Lords, 335; City's petition to, urging Reform, 340; Reform Bill passed, 343; admission of Jews into, 346-347.

Parma, Duchess of, forbids importation of English wool into Flanders, i, 492-496.

Parsons, Humphrey, M.P. for the City, elected mayor for the second time, iii, 46; vote of thanks to, vetoed by aldermen, 46, 47; dies during his mayoralty, 47.

---- Sir John, mayor, ii, 619.

---- Robert the Jesuit, arrives in England, i, 525; escapes, 528.

Paterson, William, his scheme for a national bank, ii, 584.

"Paul of London" the, barge furnished by the City, i, 204, 205.

Paulet, William. _See_ Winchester.

Pecche, John, alderman, deposed, i, 205.

Peel, Sir Robert, the Freedom of the City, voted to, iii, 327; his letter to the lord mayor touching the postponement of the king's visit to the City, 330.

Peers, Sir Charles, alderman, iii, 13.

Pelham, Henry, his ministry, iii, 57.

---- Sir John, executor of Henry IV, i, 270.

Pemberton, Sir Francis, his opinion taken on the question of the aldermanic veto, ii, 454.

Pembroke, Philip, Earl of, ii, 200.

Pennington, Isaac, alderman and M.P. for the City, ii, 102; a loan of £21,000 raised by his constituents, 134; offers the House a guard of citizens, _id._; informs the House that the City refused to advance money on account of Goodman's reprieve, 136; sent to announce to the citizens the danger that threatened the Commons, 155; elected mayor, 168; orders the City's gates to be repaired, 171; re-elected mayor, 173; lieutenant of the Tower, 210; resigns the lieutenancy, 215; directed to summon a Common Hall for election of a mayor upon suspension of Gayer, 266; placed on the Commission for trial of King Charles, 301; member of the Council of State, 303; proposal to confer the honour of knighthood on, 312.

---- Sir John, his opinion of ships furnished by the City, ii, 102; letter to, from Thomas Wiseman touching the character of a London mob at Westminster, 151.

Perceval, Spencer, becomes Prime Minister, iii, 271; assassinated, 285.

Percival, Sir John, founds a school at Macclesfield, i, 352.

Percy, Thomas, takes part in the Gunpowder Plot, ii, 14.

Peters, Alice, mistress of Edward III, proceedings against, i, 207, 208; robs her paramour, 211.

Perry, Micaiah, M.P. for the City, opposes Walpole's Excise Bill, iii, 36.

Petitioners, party name of, ii, 460.

Petitions, the City's custom, touching presentation of, ii, 217.

Petyte, John, grocer, M.P. for the City, i, 381.

Pevensey, William I, lands at, i, 30.

Philip, Richard, grocer, i, 284.

Philip II of Spain, marries Mary, i, 469; leaves England, 476; induces Mary to declare war against France, 477; prepares to invade England, 534; the defeat of the Armada, 537-541; prepares another Armada, 559, 560.

Philipot, John, M.P. for the City, i, 202; apologises to the king for the City's attitude towards John of Gaunt, 210; waits upon Richard II at Kennington, 212; appointed joint treasurer of Parliamentary subsidy, 214; removed, 215; his expedition against pirates, _id._; opposes the Duke of Lancaster, _id._; subscribes to fund for winning back the nobility to the City, 216; knighted, 220; resigns or is deprived of his aldermanry, 223.

Philippa of Hainault, her marriage with Edward III, i, 171.

Philips, Sir Thomas, ii, 33.

Picard, Sir Henry, mayor, his banquet to four kings, i, 200.

Pickett, William, lord mayor, endeavours to obtain the removal of the Bank of England guard, iii, 218.

Pilgrimage of Grace, the, i, 394.

Pilkington, Thomas, M.P. for the City, ii, 458, 464, 538; empanels a jury favourable to Shaftesbury, 468; elected sheriff, 473; leader of the Whigs in the City, 478; the Duke of York's action against, 478, 492; committed to the Tower, 480; called to account for his conduct in the election of sheriffs, 487; fined, 493; elected mayor, 547; re-elected, 551; again stands for the City, 553; again elected mayor, 555.

Pindar, Paul, refuses to pay tax for maintenance of parliamentary army, ii, 181.

Pitt, William, afterwards Earl of Chatham, protests against the importation of mercenaries, iii, 58; opposes a proposed tax on plate, _id._; takes the lead on resignation of Newcastle, 60; dismissed, 61; the freedom of the City conferred on, 61, 62; his coalition with Newcastle, 62; subscribes to bounties for soldiers, 64; expresses delight at City's address on conquest of Canada, _id_;. Blackfriars Bridge named after, 65; resignation of, 67; his letter to Alderman Beckford, _id_; City's vote of thanks to, 68; his acknowledgment, 69; attends lord mayor's banquet, _id_; his indignation at the conclusion of the Peace of Paris, 73; recalled to power and created Earl of Chatham, 79; introduces an East India Bill, _id_; recommends Beckford to make no attempt to "fix" Rockingham, 99; his eulogy of Beckford's speech, 102; the City's thanks to, 103; his opinion touching shorter parliaments, _id_; upholds the conduct of Crosby and Oliver in discharging printers arrested for printing parliamentary debates, 114; advises conciliatory measures towards America, 149, 150; receives the thanks of Common Council and the livery, 150, 152; his last speech in parliament, 168-170; his death and funeral, 170-171; his monument in the Guildhall, 171; extract from his letter to Lord Temple touching shorter parliaments entered in the City's Journal, 178.

Pitt, William, the younger, advocates economical and parliamentary reform, iii, 198-199; his struggle with the Coalition, 206; the freedom of the City and of the Grocers' Company conferred on, 207; returned M.P. for Cambridge, _id._; his East India Bill, 208; his last attempt to carry parliamentary reform, 209; his Regency Bill, 213; imposes excise tax on tobacco, 216; his Loyalty Loan, 228-230; his letter to the lord mayor asking the City to subscribe, 229; his subsidies to the emperor, 231; mobbed in the City, 234-235; his income tax Bill, 238; resigns, 247; again takes office, 254; his difficulty in forming a ministry, 255; his Additional Force Bill, 257; his death, 263; his funeral and monument, 264.

Piwelesdon, or Puleston, Thomas de, accused of meditating a wholesale massacre in the City, i, 99.

Plague, the Black Death, i, 194; the sweating sickness, 326-327, 360; divers visitations of, 365, 407, 521; proposal to build a pest-house in the City, 551; (of 1603), ii, 3-5; (of 1625), 95; (of 1665), 409-414.

Player, Colonel, ii, 249.

---- Sir Thomas, chamberlain, M.P. for the City, ii, 458, 464; fined for creating a disturbance in the Common Hall, 493.

Plomer, William, elected sheriff but pays fine, iii, 138.

Plow-Monday, entertainment of lord mayor's household on, i, 418n.

Plumbe, Samuel, alderman, stands for the shrievalty, iii, 138; ordered to be disfranchised for refusing to obey lord mayor's precept, 139.

Plumbe's case, touching the jurisdiction of the Court of Aldermen over the livery companies, iii, 138-139.

Plymouth, appeals to London for relief, ii, 220.

Poitiers, battle of, i, 197.

Poll Tax (of 1379), i, 217; (of 1380), 218; established for disbanding the armies, ii, 139.

Pont de l'Arche, expected fall of, i, 263.

Pontoise, surrender of, i, 264.

Poor, the, weekly collections for, at St. Paul's Cross, i, 404; the house of, in West Smithfield, 417, 449; a brotherhood established in the City for relief of, 449; royal gift for relief of, iii, 214.

Poor debtors, Royal gifts for relief of, iii, 3, 33.

Popham, Sir Home, a vote of thanks to, for re-capture of Cape of Good Hope, refused, iii, 265; for capture of Buenos Ayres, 266; a sword of honour voted to, _id._

Popish Plots, ii, 6, 13, 134, 456-458.

Porter, Sir William Beauchamp, M.P. for Middlesex, iii, 81.

Portland, Duke of, prime minister, iii, 204; joins Pitt's administration, 225; his letter to the lord mayor offering military assistance during bread riots, 244; a slight passed on the lord mayor's authority by, 246; succeeds Lord Grenville as prime minister, 267; resigns, 271.

Porto Bello, capture of, iii, 44.

Portreeve, office of, i, 35; title of, changed to mayor, 64.

Postal System, attempt by City to establish a, ii, 322, 323.

Poter, Walter le, elected sheriff, i, 104; builds the chapter-house of the Grey Friars, 402.

Powis, Lord, i, 380.

Prat, "Mr.," king's commissioner for surveying the City after the Fire, ii, 431.

Pratt, chief justice, afterwards Lord Camden, discharges Wilkes, iii, 74; the Freedom of the City voted to, 78; his portrait in the Art Gallery, _id._

Press Warrants, counsel's opinion as to legality of, iii, 107; refusal of Sawbridge and Hallifax to back, 166.

Preston, Lord, at the head of a Jacobite plot, ii, 562.

Preston Pans, Sir John Cope defeated at, iii, 51.

Price, Dr. Richard, the Freedom of the City voted to, iii, 165.

Pride, Colonel, purges the House of Commons, ii, 294; elected common councilman, 319; opposed to Cromwell assuming regal estate, 349; member of Cromwell's House of Lords, 350.

Priour, John, the younger, M.P. for the City, i, 174.

Pritchard, Sir William, elected mayor, ii, 490-492; arrested at the suit of Papillon and Du Bois, 500, 501; recovers damages against Papillon, 502; M.P. for the City, 509, 554, 613; stands for the City but is unsuccessful, 599.

Proby, Peter, sheriff, ii, 63; sent commissioner to Ireland, 64.

Prynne, enters London in triumph, ii, 134.

Puiset or Pudsey, Hugh de, Bishop of Durham, i, 61.

Pullison, Sir Thomas, mayor, his precept for raising volunteers for the low countries, i, 530; appointed jointly with Sir Wolstan Dixie to see that the price of provisions in the City was not enhanced, 541.

Pulteney, Sir John de, leader of the City's forces against Scotland, i, 180; gift to, for services in, obtaining City's charter, 181; taken into custody by order of the king, 187.

Purveyance, attempt to abolish, ii, 9.

Pym, John, supported by the Common Council, ii, 152; refuses to "discontent" the citizens, 153; one of the Five Members, 155; attends Common Hall and hears the king's reply to City deputation sent to Oxford, 180; accompanies a Parliamentary deputation to the Common Council, 184, 185.

Quebec, capture of, iii, 64.

Quebec Bill, the, iii, 142.

Quiney, Lieut.-Col., assaults Alderman Cornish in the Guildhall, ii, 489.

_Quo Warranto_, writ of, proceedings against the City under, ii, 476, 477, 478, 494-500; judgment entered, 503-504; reversal of judgment on, 541, 542, 543, 554-555.

Radyngton, Sir Baldwin de, warden, of the City, i, 242.

Rainton or Raynton, Sir Nicholas, sent to prison by Charles I, ii, 123; released, 125; summons a Common Hall for election of mayor, 168.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, his expedition against Spain, i, 551.

Ramillies, battle of, ii, 622; Standards captured at, set up in the Guildhall, 623.

Rawlinson, Sir Thomas, mayor, ii, 623.

Ray, Daniel, whipt for insulting the Spanish ambassador, ii, 81.

Raymond, Sir Jonathan, a candidate for the mayoralty, ii, 547, 555.

Reading, taken by Essex, ii, 188; in the hands of the royalists, 196.

Recorder of London, the, customs of the City recorded by mouth of, i, 145.

Recusants, laws against, i, 525, 526.

"Redbridge," the ship, stoppage of, ii, 578-579.

Rede, Richard, alderman, sent to the war in Scotland for opposing benevolence, and taken prisoner, i, 411.

Refham, Richer de, mayor, obtains a confirmation of the City's liberties, i, 134-135; removed from mayoralty and aldermanry, 135, 136.

Reformadoes, City petition for removal of, ii, 250.

Reform Bill, the first, introduced, 332; approved by the City, 333; withdrawn, 334; again brought in and passed by the Commons but thrown out by the Lords, 335; City addresses on its rejection, 336-337; agitation in the country, 337-338; again brought in and passed, 343; the rights of the livery of London reserved, _id._; entertainment at the Guildhall to commemorate the passing of, 344.

Regency Bill, the, iii, 282.

Reynardson, Abraham, elected mayor, ii, 297; at variance with the Common Council, 299, 376; deposed from the mayoralty and sent to the Tower, 308; restored to his aldermanry, 383; re-elected mayor and declines office, 384.

Reynold, Robert, i, 422.

---- William, i, 284.

Reynolds, Father, executed, i, 392.

---- John, attorney, and election agent for Wilkes, iii, 100, 143, 146, 147.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, his portrait of Chief Justice Pratt, iii, 78.

Rich, Sir Peter, a candidate for the shrievalty, ii, 486; elected, 487; sworn in, 488; M.P. for the City, 509; chamberlain, 538, 555.

---- Sir Thomas, alderman, ii, 396.

Richard I, his accession, i, 61; appoints Longchamp chancellor during his absence, _id._; his charters to the City, 68, 71; returns to England, 68; crowned a second time, 69; his death, 71.

Richard II, the "Londoners' King," i, 212; charter of, forbidding foreigners to trade by retail, 214; another charter of, 224, 225; meditates an attempt upon the life of his uncle the Duke of Gloucester, 232; a commission of Regency appointed, 233; applies to the City for aid, _id._; compelled to submit to Parliament, 234; deposed, 245; doubtful reports as to his death, 247.

Richard, Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III, appointed Protector, i, 320; his schemes for obtaining the crown, 320-322; crowned, 323; bold speech of Londoners to, 325; escorted by citizens from Kensington to the City, 326; defeated at Bosworth, _id._

Richard, King of the Romans, his manor of Isleworth devastated, i, 96; brought prisoner to the Tower, _id._

Richmond Park, presented to the City, ii, 313; restored to Charles II, 381.

Ridley, Nicholas, bishop of Rochester, translated to London, i, 440; his letter of gratitude to Sir Richard Dobbs, mayor, 450; sent to the Tower, 458; burnt at Oxford, 474.

"Riffleres," street ruffians called, i, 135; ii, 646.

Riot Act, the, passed, iii, 7.

Ripon, treaty of, ii, 131; negotiations removed to London, 135.

Roberts, William, nominated sheriff by mayor's prerogative, ii, 471.

Robinson, "Jack," iii, 121.

---- Sir John, mayor, ii, 401.

---- Sir Leonard, elected chamberlain, ii, 565; knighted, 571.

Roche, Sir William, alderman, M.P. for the City, i, 370; committed to prison, 412.

Rochelle, expeditions for relief of, i, 204; ii, 103, 107.

Rochester, besieged by King John, i, 78; by the Barons, 96.

Rochford, Sir Thomas Boleyn, Lord, i, 380.

Rockingham, Lord, attends Beckford's famous entertainment, iii, 99; succeeds Lord North as prime minister, 197.

Rodney, Admiral, defeats the French fleet in the West Indies, iii, 199-200; entertained in the City, 200.

Rogers, John, burnt for heresy, i, 473, 474.

Rokesle or Rokesley, Gregory de, opposes Walter Hervy, i, 108; goes to Paris to confer with King Edward I, 116; again sets out for France, 117; master of the Exchange, 118; sent with a gift of money to the king, _id._; member for the City, _id._; declines to attend the king's justiciars, 120; builds the dormitory of the Grey Friars, 402.

Rooke, Sir George, encounters the French fleet in Lagos Bay, ii, 572; captures French fleet in Vigo Bay, 614.

"Roreres," street ruffians called, i, 135; ii, 646.

Rose, Miles, i, 361.

Rothschild, Baron Lionel, M.P. for the City, iii, 347; founds a scholarship in City of London School, _id._

Rouen, siege of, by Henry V, i, 263.

Rowe, Owen, Colonel, made chairman of the Common Council, ii, 299; placed on commission for trial of Charles I, 302.

---- Thomas, mayor, particulars of, i, 511n.

Rowley, John, the City's agent in Ulster, ii, 32.

Rowton Heath, Charles I defeated at, ii, 222.

Royal Contract, ii, 104.

Royal Exchange, the, building of, i, 494-499; insurance business carried on at, 499; music and football played in, 501; Royal arms removed from, ii, 330; again set up in, 374; statue of Queen Anne in, 611; the firing of guns under piazza, forbidden, iii, 2.

"Royal George," the, sunk off Spithead, iii, 200.

Rump, the, expelled by Cromwell, ii, 337; restored, 353; ejected by Lambert, 356; again restored, 362; dissolved, 373.

Rupert, Prince, expected in London, ii, 172; before Bristol, 184, 186.

Russell, Lord, i, 435.

---- Lord John, moves for repeal of Corporation and Test Acts, iii, 327.

---- Thomas, draper, his school at Barton-under-Needwood, co. Stafford, i, 353, 354.

---- Sir William, stands for the City, ii, 599.

Rutland, Edward, Earl of, attainted, i, 296.

---- Roger, Earl of, committed to the Tower for complicity in the Essex rebellion, i, 562.

Rye House Plot, the, discovery of, ii, 502; Burton outlawed for being concerned in, 515; Elizabeth Gaunt burnt for being concerned in, _id._

Ryswick, peace of, ii, 603.

Ryvers, Richard, Lord, i, 289.

Sacheverell, Dr., sermon preached by, ii, 631; impeached, 633; trial of, 634; obtains the living of St. Andrew's, Holborn, 648.

Sackville, Lord George, afterwards Lord George Germaine, his conduct at Minden as compared with that of Lord Effingham, iii, 161.

---- Sir Richard, i, 461.

Sadler, John, town clerk, removed, ii, 382.

St. Albans, the first battle of, i, 291; the second, 304.

St. Bartholomew, priory and Hospital of, the priory suppressed, i, 398; the master bound to keep the obit of the mayor and aldermen, 401; re-established, 409; the hospital vested in the City, 417; governors of, appointed, 449.

St. Clare, abbey of, called the Minories, injured by fire, i, 402.

St. Dunstan, East, insult offered to the mass in church of, i, 423.

St. Ewen, or Ewin, destroyed at the reformation, i, 428.

St. Helen's without Bishopsgate, priory of, suppressed, i, 400; the nun's chapel of, given to Sir Richard Williams, 401; the refectory of, converted into hall of the Leathersellers, _id._

St. James, Garlickhithe, parish registers of, i, 403.

St. John, Henry. _See_ Bolingbroke.

St. Martin Orgar, insult offered to the mass in church of, i, 423.

St. Mary without Bishopsgate, priory and hospital of, suppressed, i, 398; _See also_ Bethlehem.

St. Mary Bothaw, parish registers of, i, 403.

St. Mary le Bow, its roof blown off, i, 39.

St. Mary Woolnoth, insult offered to the mass in church of, i, 423.

St. Nicholas Shambles, church destroyed at the Reformation, i, 428.

St. Paul's, Church of, founded by Ethelbert, i, 9; Alphage, Archbishop of Canterbury buried in, 19; Ethelred II buried in, 22; a gemót held in, 28; destroyed by fire (1087), 38; meeting of the barons and citizens in, 63, 72; Richard I returns thanks in, 68; Edward I seizes £2,000 found in, 125; a tablet set up by Earl of Lancaster in, 153; the treasure in, carried off by the mob, 158; Richard, Duke of York, swears allegiance to King Henry VI in, 288; a general reconciliation solemnized in, 294; the bodies of Warwick and Montagu killed at Barnet, exposed in, 315; Henry VI lies in state in, 316; the standards taken at Bosworth, deposited in, 326; the Earl of Warwick exhibited as a prisoner in, 328; marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon in, 336; the corpse of Henry VII brought to, 341; "children" of, 350; solemn thanksgiving in, for pregnancy of Catherine of Aragon, 354; Henry VIII and French Ambassadors at, on occasion of betrothal of the Princess Mary with the Dauphin, 362; the King and Queen of Denmark attend mass in, 371, 372; _Te Deum_ celebrated in, for capture of French King at Pavia, 374; Convocation at, presided over by Thomas Cromwell, 396; solemn procession to, for health of Jane Seymour and infant prince, 396-397; obit of Jane Seymour celebrated in, 397; removal of images from, 427; the charnel house in churchyard removed, _id._; the cloister in Pardon churchyard destroyed, _id._; Cranmer conducts service in, 431; order against cattle being led through, 471; the Lollards Tower at, a prison for heretics, 475; restoration of, _temp._ Elizabeth, 492; lease by the Dean and Chapter to the City, of the Manor of Finsbury, 493; the first public lottery drawn at west door of, 508; thanksgiving service at, for defeat of Turkish fleet at Lepanto, 517; the same for defeat of Armada, 543; state visit of James I to, ii, 76; riots in, 174; thanksgiving service for victory over the Dutch, 345; for peace of Ryswick, 606; for victories of Marlborough, 614, 615, 616, 621, 624; for peace of Utrecht, 647; for peaceful accession of George I, iii, 3-4; for suppression of Jacobite rebellion, 9; soldiers quartered in, during Gordon riots, 192; thanksgiving service for recovery of George III, 215; the same for naval victories of Howe, Jervis and Duncan, 234; Nelson's funeral in, 261; thanksgiving service for the Jubilee of George III in, 272; Queen Caroline attends service in, 319.

St. Paul's Cross, Dr. Shaw's sermon at, i, 320, 321; collections for the poor made every Sunday at, 404; recantation of Dr. Crome at, 414; sermon of Bonner against the King's supremacy preached at, 438; sermon preached by Hooper at, 439; Dr. Bourne's sermon at, 458; sermon by Bishop Gardiner's chaplain, at, 459; sermon by Dyos at, inveighing against the City, 527.

St. Paul's school, foundation of, by Dean Colet, i, 350-352.

St. Peter, Cornhill, the advowson of church of, conveyed to the City, i, 253.

St. Thomas of Acon, hospital of, suppressed, i, 398.

St. Thomas's hospital, suppressed, i, 398; purchased by the City, 449, 450.

Salamanca, battle of, iii, 286.

Salomons, David, the first Jew admitted to municipal offices, iii, 346, 347; founds a scholarship in City of London school, 347.

Salisbury, Richard, Earl of, enters the City with Richard, Duke of York, i, 290; defeats lord Audley at Blore Heath and crosses to Calais, 295, 296; attainted, 296; returns from Calais and marches to London, 298, 299.

---- William of, i, 84.

Sampson, David, whipt for insulting the Spanish ambassador, ii, 80.

Sandwich, John, Earl of, otherwise "Jemmy Twitcher," produces Wilkes's _Essay on Woman_ before parliament, iii, 77; burnt in effigy on Tower Hill, 118.

---- Ralph de, warden of the City, i, 122.

Sauterie, Joan, wife of John, tried for speaking against the sacrament, i, 415.

Sautre, William, burnt for heresy, i, 250.

Savile, Sir George, his Act in favour of Roman Catholics, iii, 179; his house in Leicester fields sacked by Gordon rioters, 181.

Savoy, the, sacked by the mob, i, 218.

Sawbridge, Jacob, director of South Sea Company, expelled from parliament, iii, 20.

---- John, alderman, iii, 20; a member of the society known as the "Supporters of the Bill of Rights," 87; elected sheriff, 88; _Junius_ urges his candidature for the mayoralty, 125; Wilkes's opinion of, 126; stands for the mayoralty, 127; elected M.P. for the City, 145; succeeds Wilkes in the mayoralty, 161; supports Oliver's motion in the House _re_ war with America, _id._; his refusal to back press warrants, 166; loses his seat in parliament but recovers it, 192.

Sawyer, Sir Robert, attorney-general, his speech in proceedings under writ of _Quo Warranto_, ii, 496, 497.

Say, James Fiennes, Lord, executed, i, 285.

Sayre, or Sayer, Stephen, elected sheriff, iii, 138; committed to the Tower for a supposed conspiracy, 160, 161.

Scales, Thomas, Lord, leads the citizens against Cade, i, 285; holds the Tower for King Henry VI, 300; endeavours to take sanctuary at Westminster, seized and murdered, 302.

Scawen, Sir Thomas, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 4.

---- Sir William, subscribes to loan to prince Eugene, ii, 624.

Schools, founded by citizens of London, i, 349-354.

"Scot," definition of payment of, iii, 15, 26, 29.

Scotland, rebellion of under Wallace, i, 129; renewal of war with, 140; Edward III takes the field against the Scots, 161; peace with, 163; preparations for war with, 179; England invaded by Scots, 372; proposed union with England, ii, 8; disorders in, 119; Scottish commissioners in London, 135; "friendly assistance" granted to the Scots, 140; Scottish commissioners attend the Common Council, 228; the union with, 625-626.

Scott, Sir John, ii, 640.

Scottish army, prepares to march southward, ii, 219, 222; offer to withdraw on terms, 238; news of a fresh army being raised, 274; defeated at Dunbar, 328; enters England, 338; defeated at Worcester, 341.

Scrop, Geoffrey le, the king's sergeant pleader at the Iter of 1321, i, 144.

Seberht, "sub-king" of London, i, 9; founder of Westminster Abbey, _id._

Self-denying ordinance, the, ii, 214.

Semer, or Seymer, Thomas, opposition to his election as mayor, i, 359, 360; M.P. for the City, 381.

Senlac, battle of. _See_ Hastings.

Serle, William, chamberlain to Richard II, execution of, i, 247.

Sevenoke, William, grocer, appointed commissioner to enquire into cases of treason, &c., in the City, i, 269; his grammar school, 353.

Seymour, Lord Henry, joins the fleet against the Spanish Armada, i, 538.

Shadworth, John, sheriff, i, 240; committed to prison, 241, 242.

Shaftesbury, Earl of, one of the suggesters of the closing of the Exchequer, ii, 444; proceedings against, 468.

Shakespeare, John, stands for the mayoralty, iii, 132, 133.

"Shannon," the, defeats the "Chesapeake," iii, 286, 287.

Sharplisse, or Sharplys, Thomas, wins chief prize in Virginia lottery, ii, 49.

Shaw, or Shaa, Sir Edmund, mayor, i, 320.

Shaw, Dr., his sermon at Paul's Cross, in favour of Gloucester, i, 320.

---- Henry, granted the right to bring water from Fogwell Pond, ii, 20.

Sheerness, a City loan for fortifying, ii, 437.

Shelburne, Lord, letter from the City to, touching the Wiltshire Committee of Association, iii, 176, 177; his reply, 177; appointed secretary of state under Rockingham, 197; instructs the lord mayor to place the City Militia on a proper footing, 199; gives place to a coalition ministry, 204.

Shelley, William, Recorder of London, elected M.P. for the City, i, 370.

Shepheard, Samuel, M.P. for the City, ii, 622n.

Ship Money, demand for, ii, 111-115, 117, 125.

Shore, Jane, mistress of Edward IV, i, 321.

Shorter, Sir John, attends the presentation of an address to Charles II, ii, 475; nominated for the mayoralty, 476; appointed mayor by James II, 523.

Shrewsbury, Charles, Earl of, signs the invitation to the Prince of Orange, ii, 529.

---- Francis, Earl of, joins the lords against Somerset, i, 437.

---- George, Earl of, i, 380.

Shute, Samuel, as sheriff, empanels a jury favourable to Shaftesbury, ii, 468; elected sheriff, 473; committed to the Tower, 480; called to account for his conduct in the election of sheriffs, 487; fined, 493.

Sidney, Sir Philip, his death, i, 532;.

---- Sir William, the Great Beam conveyed to him by Henry VIII, i, 387.

Simnel, Lambert, insurrection of, i, 328.

Six Acts, the, iii, 310.

Six Articles, the, i, 415, 422.

Skinners of London, contribute to a gift of £500 to the King, i, 201; return of rental of, 252; the Solemn Engagement signed at the hall of, ii, 252.

Skippon, Philip, in command of the City forces, ii, 161; attempts to win the garrison of the Tower, 162; refuses to obey the king's orders to go to York, 166; ordered to view the City for the purpose of defence, 171; appointed Sergeant-major-general under Essex, 176; makes terms with the royalist army, 211; wounded at Naseby, 219; City petition to parliament that he might be placed in command of City forces, 276; the protection of parliament confided to, 278; City opposes secret enlistments by, 287-288; appointed member of Council of State, 303; invited to dinner by the City, 328; member of Cromwell's House of Lords, 350.

Slaney, Sir Stephen, mayor, i, 555.

Slave Trade, the City's efforts to abolish, iii., 212-213, 288-290.

Slingsby, Captain, his account of King Charles's visit to the Guildhall to demand the arrest of the Five Members, ii, 157.

Sluys, battle of, i, 186.

Smith, Benjamin, a letter addressed to, miscarries, iii, 121.

---- Sir Clement, i, 424.

---- Sir Sidney, a sword of honour voted to, for raising the siege of Acre, iii, 238-239; the thanks of the City voted to, 248.

---- Thomas, sheriff, deprived of his office for complicity in the Essex rebellion, i, 562.

---- Sir Thomas, actively engages in promoting colony of Virginia, ii, 51, 54, 55.

Smithes, George, alderman, sent to view the Ulster plantation, ii, 42.

Smithfield, confirmation by Edward IV of City's right to tolls at, i, 308.

Smyth, Richard, carpenter, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

Soame, Sir Thomas, ii, 155, 237; committed to prison by Charles I, 123; released, 125; a candidate for the mayoralty, 130; deprived of his aldermanry, for not attending proclamation of Commonwealth, 311, 312; restored, 383.

Solemn Engagement of the City, signed, ii, 252.

Solemn League and Covenant, the, ii, 202.

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Count of Mortain, Duke of, raises the siege of Calais, i, 280; his rivalry with Richard, Duke of York, 286; arrested, _id._; released and appointed captain of Calais, 287; killed at St. Albans, 291.

---- Edward, Duke of, appointed Protector, i, 420; his fall, 433-437; committed to the Tower, 438; liberated, 440; again arrested, 447; his trial and execution, 447-449; his widow released from the Tower by Queen Mary, 457.

---- Henry, Duke of, refused admission into the City, i, 294.

---- Robert Carr, Earl of, marriage of, ii, 61.

Somerset House, built, i, 427.

Southampton, Henry, Earl of, committed to the Tower for complicity in the Essex rebellion, i, 562.

South Sea Bubble, the, iii, 17-24.

Southwark, William I sets fire to, i, 32; charter of Edward IV confirming the City's jurisdiction over, 308; the City's difficulty in exercising its rights over, 441; the king's rights in, granted to the City by Edward VI, 442; the establishment of the ward of Bridge Without, 443-445; the borough desires incorporation with the City, ii, 324-326; prays the king to dissolve Parliament, 466.

Spa Fields, the lord mayor's account of the riot in, iii, 299-305.

Spain, Spanish vessels seized, i, 508; treasure melted down and goods sold, 512, 514; City courts closed to Spanish suitors, 513; claims between England and Spain referred to arbitration, 514; another breach with, 528; the defeat of the Armada, 534-543; search in the City for Spanish emissaries, 549, 550; ships furnished by the City, against, 552; the Spanish ambassador insulted, ii, 79; the City's opposition to the Spanish convention, iii, 41, 42; war declared with, 43; the mayor objects to taking part in the proclamation of the war, _id._; the secret clause in the Family Compact, 67; war declared against, 72; joins France and America against England, 174; seeks the assistance of England against Napoleon, 268; supported by the City of London, _id._

Spencer, Sir John, mayor, committed to the Fleet, i, 553; his daughter married to Lord Compton, _id._; his "doggednes," 554; refuses to pay his quota towards Irish Estate, ii, 39.

Springham, Matthias, merchant-taylor, sent commissioner to Ireland, ii, 42, 64.

Spurs, battle of, i, 347.

Stable, Adam, mayor, removed, i, 211.

Stafford, Thomas, seizes the castle of Scarborough, i, 477.

---- William, Lord, execution of, ii, 462.

Stamp Act, enforcing stamped receipts for money, iii, 204.

---- ---- Grenville's, iii, 142.

Stampe, Thomas, a candidate for the mayoralty, ii, 547.

"Standard wheaten bread" its use encouraged in time of scarcity, iii, 225.

Stanhope, Charles, implicated in the South Sea Company, iii, 21.

Stanier, Sir Samuel, mayor, unsuccessfully contests the City, ii, 628; candidate for aldermanry of Broad Street Ward, 640; letter from Queen Anne to, 648.

Staples, the, established in England, i, 171; the City opposed to removal of, to the continent, 174; temporarily abolished, 177.

Stapleton, Walter, Bishop of Exeter and king's treasurer, new weights and measures issued by, i, 146, 147; murdered, 156-157.

Staundon, William, appointed _locum tenens_ during absence of mayor, i, 241.

Steele, William, recorder, appointment of, ii, 316; proposal to send him to Ireland, 348.

---- William, his opinion touching aldermanic veto, 454, 455.

Steelyard, the, merchants of, i, 22, 23; closed by order of Queen Elizabeth, 565.

Stephen, elected king by the City of London, i, 44, 45; his coronation, 46; made prisoner at Lincoln, 47; released, 52; crowned a second time, _id._; makes peace with Henry, 54.

Stewart, Sir William, mayor, iii, 25.

Stillingfleet, Dr., preaches in the Guildhall chapel, ii, 525.

Stocker, William, mayor, dies of the sweating sickness, i, 327.

Stokker, John, Common Hunt, i, 332.

Stokton, Henry, fishmonger, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

---- John, mayor, his cautious policy, i, 313; knighted, 316.

Stormont, Lord, secretary of state, urges the mayor to preserve the peace in the City during Gordon riots, iii, 180, 181-182; orders the guards in the Tower to assist the mayor, 182, 183.

Stow-on-the-wold, defeat of the royalists at, ii, 233.

Strafford, Thomas, Earl of, his attitude towards the City, ii, 132; ordered into custody, 133; trial and execution of, 137.

Stratford, the bakers of, i, 379, 414.

---- John de, Bishop of Winchester, made free of the City, i, 158; instigates the citizens to join the Earl of Lancaster in revolt, 164.

"Straw," Jack, rebellion under leadership of, i, 219; his confession, 220; his death, 221.

Strode, William, one of the Five Members, ii, 155.

Stuart, Arabella, the Bye Plot in favour of, ii, 7.

Succession, Act of, passed i, 389; proceedings against those refusing to subscribe to, 390.

Suckley, Henry, committed to the Tower for obstructing the sergeant-at-mace, i, 406-407.

Sudbury, Simon de, Archbishop of Canterbury, beheaded on Tower Hill, i, 219.

Suetonius, the Roman general, leaves London to its fate, i, 4.

Suffolk, Charles, Duke of, attends lord mayor's banquet, i, 380; his mansion known as Southwark Place, 439, 442.

---- Michael, Earl of, sent by Richard II to the City to ask for support, i, 233; charged with treason, 234.

---- William, Earl of, effects a truce with France, i, 281; murdered, 282.

Sunderland, Charles Spencer, Earl of, dismissed from office, ii, 637; resigns, iii, 21.

Supremacy, Act of, i, 392; Elizabethan Act of, 486.

Swanlonde, Simon de, mayor, summoned to attend the king at Woodstock, i, 178.

Sweyn, attacks London, i, 19; his death, _id._

Swinnerton, John, alderman, i, 399, 400; mayor, ii, 59, 60, 66.

Sword-blade Company, the, iii, 20, 21.

Symond, John, recorder, i, 274.

Sympson, William, fuller, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

Taillour, Philip le, elected sheriff, i, 104; candidate for the mayoralty, 105.

Talliage, the citizens of London resist exaction of, i, 139.

Taunton co. Somerset, the parliamentary army at, ii, 216, 217.

Taxation, of parishes, i, 203.

Tayllour, William, alderman, imprisoned, i, 295; mayor, entrusted with the custody of jewels pledged by the Earl of Warwick, 310, 311.

Taylor, Richard, punished for insulting the Spanish ambassador, ii, 81.

Temple, Earl, withdraws from the ministry, iii, 67; visits Wilkes in the Tower, 74.

Temple, the, treasure lying at, seized for the king, i, 94; affray between citizens and Templars, 295; the lord mayor's claim of jurisdiction within, ii, 440-443.

Test Act, passed, ii, 446; a new, 458; attempt to obtain repeal of, frustrated by Walpole, iii, 34, 35; repeal of, 326-327.

Tewkesbury, battle of, i, 314.

Thames, the, its sweet water, i, 1; wears to be removed from, 71; precautions taken for guarding, against foreign invasion, 182, 183; a bridge proposed at Gravesend, as a defence against Spanish fleet, 560.

Theobalds co. Herts, mansion house of Sir Robert Cecil, ii, 2, 3, 23.

Thirty Years War, the, beginning of, ii, 73.

Thompson, Sir Samuel, sheriff, ii, 530.

---- William, alderman, M.P. for the City, ii, 392.

Throckmorton, Nicholas, trial of, at Guildhall, i, 468.

Tichborne, Robert, alderman, explains to Parliament proceedings of Common Council (13 Jan. 1649) ii, 300; placed on commission for trial of Charles I, 302; despatched to the fleet with money for relief of seamen wounded in Dutch war, 345; member of Cromwell's house of lords, 350.

Tilbury, camp formed at, i, 535, 545.

Tillyngton, Roger, skinner, i, 264.

Tithes, disputes touching, i, 383-386.

Toleration, petition against, ii, 227.

Tomkins, Thomas, burnt, i, 474.

Tomson, Richard, his account of the Armada, i, 537, 539-540.

Tonge, Dr., rector of St. Michael, Wood Street, spreads report of a Popish plot, ii, 457.

Tonnage and Poundage, the king's claim to, ii, 108.

Tothill Fields, muster of City archers in, i, 191.

Tory, origin of the name of, ii, 460.

Tournay, siege of, by Edward III, i, 187; captured by Henry VIII, 347; reduced by Marlborough, ii, 630.

Tower, the, strengthened by William II, i, 39; the Iter of 1285 at, 120-122; the Iter of 1321 at, 143-148; the Iter of 1341 at, 187-188; held by Lord Scales and others for King Henry VI, 300, 301; surrendered to the Yorkists, 302; lost to Edward IV, 312; the young Princes lodged in, 320.

Townshend, Charles, secretary of state, thanks the lord mayor for stopping the spread of seditious literature, iii, 3; informs the lord mayor of Jacobite conspiracies, 6, 24; the Freedom of the City voted to, 79.

---- James, a member of the Society known as the "Supporters of the Bill of Rights," iii, 87; elected sheriff, 88; applies at court to know the king's pleasure touching receiving a remonstrance, 94-96; his speech to the king, 96, 97; stands for the mayoralty, 127; elected mayor, 132.

Tradesmen, Corporation of, ii, 117.

Trafalgar, battle of, iii, 260.

Trained Bands, their formation, ii, 64-67; called out, 120, 153; placed under command of Skippon, 161; review of, in Finsbury Fields, 166; twelve companies of, prepared to join Parliamentary Army, 173; their conduct at Edge-Hill, 175; at Newbury, 195; assist in recovery of Reading, 196; disaffection among the, 197, 206-207; sent to assist Waller in preventing the king's return to Oxford, 211; ineffectual attempt to call out the, 246, 247; the officers of, petition Parliament for a personal treaty with the king, 283; their want of discipline, 296; a muster of, in Finsbury Fields, 340, 341; new officers of, nominated, 361, 364; review of, in Hyde Park, 569; _See also_ London, City Forces, and Militia.

Treasonable Engagement, the, ii, 345, 346.

Treby, Sir George, recorder, his speech in proceedings under writ of _Quo Warranto_, ii, 495; removed by Charles I, 504; restored, 531; welcomes the Prince of Orange, 537; lays before the Common Council letters seized on board a ship at Liverpool, 550, 551; made chief justice, ii, 570; intercedes for the officer who had allowed an insult to be offered to Alderman Ward, iii, 17.

Trecothick, Barlow, succeeds Beckford in the mayoralty, iii, 106; offends Wilkes by backing press warrants, _id._

Tressilian, Chief Justice, charged with treason, i, 234; hanged, 238.

Tresswell, Robert, painter-stainer, ii, 32.

Trevillian, John, i, 283.

Trevor, Sir John, Speaker, accused of, corrupt practices, and expelled the House, ii, 589-591.

Tromp, Admiral, defeated off Portland, ii, 344.

Troyes, treaty of, i, 265.

"Trumpington" Conspiracy, the, i, 247.

Trussel, Sir William, in command of City ships of war, i, 183.

Tulse, Sir Henry, a candidate for the mayoralty, ii, 490; appointed mayor by Charles II, 504.

Tunstal, Cuthbert, Bishop of London, i, 372, 380.

Turin, the siege of, ii, 624.

Turk, Andrew, i, 195.

Turke, Richard, sheriff, i, 439.

Turner, Samuel, mayor, iii, 86; hesitates to accede to petition for summoning a Common Hall, 88.

---- Sir William, mayor, insulted in the Temple, ii, 440; his election as sheriff, 470; ordered to attend every evening at Whitehall during last illness of Charles II, 505; M.P. for the City, 554.

Turnham Green, City forces despatched to join Essex at, ii, 176.

Twistleton, Colonel, iii, 186, 187, 188.

Twyford, Nicholas, opposes Brembre for the mayoralty, i, 227; elected mayor, 239.

Tyburn, City's water supply from, ii, 24.

Tyler, Wat, the peasant revolt under, i, 218; killed by Walworth, 219.

Tyrconnel, Rory O'Donnel, Earl of, flight of, ii, 28.

---- Richard Talbot, Earl of, appointed lord deputy in Ireland, ii, 516.

Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, Earl of, insurrection of, i, 559; defeated by Mountjoy, 563; flight of, ii, 28.

Ulster, plantation of. _See_ Irish Estate.

Uniformity, enforced by Henry VIII, i, 415; Elizabethan Act of, 486, 503; Act of (1662), ii, 400.

Union, Act of, iii, 240-241.

Urling, Simon, recorder, knighted, iii, 50.

Urswyk, Thomas, recorder, i, 298; opens the City's gates to Edward IV, 313; gallantly fights against the Kentish rebels, 316; made a baron of the exchequer, 317.

Ushant, naval combat off, iii, 172.

Usk or Husk, Thomas, brings charges against Northampton, i, 226; appointed under-sheriff, 232; executed, 238.

Utrecht, peace of, ii, 647.

Uvedale, Sir William, commissioned to receive City subscriptions, ii, 137.

Uxbridge, treaty of, ii, 213; the Parliamentary army moves to, 249.

Vane, Sir Henry, ii, 126, 200, 270.

Vanner, Henry, sheriff, return made by, with a view of enforcing knighthood, i, 240; committed to prison, 241, 242.

Vassall, Samuel, M.P. for the City, ii, 237.

Venables, William, mayor, vote of thanks to, for his services during a commercial crisis, iii, 325.

Venn, John, M.P. for the City, ii, 150, 155, 184, 311.

Venner's plot, ii, 387, 396.

Venour, William, grocer, a candidate for the mayoralty, i, 239.

Vere, John de, earl of, i, 380.

Vernon, Admiral, captures Porto Bello, iii, 44; presented with the freedom of the City, _id._

---- Sir Thomas, M.P. for the City, ii, 554; again stands for the City, 599.

Vesci, Eustace de, insulted by King John, i, 77.

Villars, Marshal, at Malplaquet, ii, 630.

Villiers, Christopher, ii, 73.

Vintners of London, the, royal banquet to five kings in hall of, i, 200n.; contribute to a gift of £500 to Edward III, 201; the Duke of Marlborough entertained in hall of, ii, 623; meetings of the livery in hall of, iii, 45, 46.

Virginia Company, the, formation of, ii, 46-56; subscriptions of livery companies to, 47; a new charter granted to, 48; re-constructed, 49; lotteries in aid of, 49-52; vagrant children supplied to, 52; disagreement with the City, 54.

Vyner, Sir Robert, commissioned to provide new regalia for coronation of Charles II, ii, 390; borrows the City's plate for the coronation of James II, 508.

---- Thomas, mayor, commissioned to supply plate for the Protector, ii, 347; knighted by Cromwell, 348.

Wade, General, endeavours to intercept the young Pretender, iii, 52.

Waithman, Robert, elected M.P. for the City, iii, 309; creates a disturbance in Common Hall, 311; a supporter of Queen Caroline, 318, 319; assaulted at Knightsbridge during his shrievalty, 323.

Wake, Thomas, Lord, incites the citizens to join the Earl of Lancaster in revolt, i, 164.

Wakefield, battle of, i, 304.

Walcheren Expedition, the, iii, 271; enquiry demanded by the City, 272.

Waldene, William, appointed commissioner to enquire into cases of treason, etc., in the City, i, 269.

Wale, William, alderman, ii, 370.

Wales, rebellion in, ii, 277.

Waleys, or Galeys, Henry le, mayor, i, 108; goes to Paris to confer with King Edward I, 116; sent to the king with a gift of money, 118; M.P. for the City, _id._; re-elected mayor, 129; builds the nave of the Grey Friar's church, 402.

Walker, Rev. George, his stout defence of Londonderry, ii, 550.

Wallace, William, rising of the Scots under, i, 129; carried prisoner to London, 130; tried and executed, _id._

Waller, Edmund, his plot, ii, 187.

---- Sir William, appointed to command of City forces, ii, 191; his jealousy of Essex, _id._; horse to be raised in the City for, 193; his success at Cheriton, 199; endeavours to prevent Charles returning to Oxford, 211; resigns, 215; arrested, 295.

Walpole, Horace, his indignation at the Common Council presuming to speak on behalf of the City, iii, 71n; his account of Townshend's election as mayor, 132-133, 134; his opinion as to the cause of the City's agitation over the Quebec Bill, 143.

---- Sir Robert, married to Sir John Shorter's grand-daughter, ii, 524; measures taken against directors of South Sea Company at instigation of, iii, 24; his influence with Queen Caroline, 34; tricks the Dissenters, 34-35; the City's opposition to his Excise Bill, 35-38; mobbed, 37; reluctantly declares war with Spain, 43; resigns, 48.

Walsingham, Sir Francis, secretary of state, i, 532, 535; urged to send ammunition to the fleet engaged with the Armada, 537.

Walter, Herbert, justiciar, orders the arrest of Longbeard, i, 71.

Walton, Colonel, ii, 360, 363.

Walworth, William, contributes to a loan to the king, i, 202; carries a letter from the City to the king, 206; appointed joint-treasurer of Parliamentary grant, 214; displaced, 215; favours the Duke of Lancaster, _id._; subscribes to fund for winning back the nobility to the City, 217; kills Wat Tyler, 219; knighted, 220.

Walwyn, Humphry, grocer, his school at Colwall, co. Hereford, i, 353.

Warbeck or Warboys, Perkin, conspiracy of, i, 331-333; hanged at Tyburn, 334.

Ward, John, M.P. for the City, ii, 628; iii, 4; his coach stopped by soldiers on their way through the City, 16.

---- Sir Patience, mayor, ii, 419; presents addresses to Charles II for a parliament, 475; receives the thanks of the City, _id._; convicted of perjury, 493; M.P. for the City, 538; again stands for the City but is unsuccessful, 553.

---- Thomas, his poem touching the origin of the Fire of London, ii, 419.

Warde, John, elected mayor, i, 327.

Wardle, Colonel, M.P. for Okehampton, charges the Duke of York with scandalous conduct, iii, 270; the Freedom of the City voted to, _id._

Wardmotes, Act of Common Council for regulating elections at (1692), ii, 566.

Wark Castle, attacked by Scots, i, 372.

Warne, John, burnt, i, 474.

Warner, John, alderman, sent commissioner to the parliamentary army, ii, 248; elected mayor, 267.

Warren, Sir Ralph, i, 395, 438.

Warwick, Ambrose, Earl of, commander of the garrison at Havre, _temp._ Elizabeth, i, 491.

---- Edward, Earl of, committed to the Tower, i, 328; impersonated by Lambert Simnel, _id._; charged with a conspiracy to seize the Tower, 333; executed on Tower Hill, 334.

---- Guy, Earl of, i, 137.

---- John, Earl of. _See_ Northumberland, Duke of.

---- Richard, Earl of, enters the City with Richard, Duke of York, i, 290; leaves Calais for London, 294; drawn into an affray at Westminster, 295; returns to Calais, _id._; joins his father at Bloreheath, 296; attainted, _id._; returns to England and marches to London, 298, 299; admitted into the City, 305; his disgust at the marriage of Edward IV, 309; flees to France, 310; returns and restores Henry VI, 311, 312; killed at Barnet, 314.

---- Robert, Earl of, ii, 200.

---- Thomas, Earl of, i, 234, 235; arrested, 244.

Water, City supply of, i, 416; ii, 18-24; _See also_ New River, Tyburn, &c.

Water-bailiff of the City, dispute with the Crown touching office of, i, 406.

Waterloo, battle of, iii, 290.

Watling Street, i, 5, 11.

Watson, William, plots against James I, ii, 6.

Watts, Sir John, ii, 66.

Waynflete, William de, bishop of Winchester, chancellor, i, 293.

Weavers of London, their quarrel with the Goldsmiths, i, 154; Committee of Arrears at hall of, ii, 216; Fairfax seizes treasury at hall of, 295; offer to raise a regiment in support of the Crown, iii, 53; disapprove of a remonstrance of the livery, 93.

Wedmore, treaty of, i, 11.

Weld, Sir Humphrey, mayor, ii, 46, 48.

---- Sir John, restored to the office of town clerk, ii, 382.

Welles, John, mayor, i, 275.

---- Lord, i, 289.

Wellesley, Sir Arthur, afterwards Duke of Wellington, signs the convention of Cintra, iii, 269; ordered home, _id._; an annuity to, opposed by the City, 274; presented with the freedom of the City and a sword of honour, 276; a gold box voted for victory at Salamanca, 286; entertained at the Guildhall, 288; becomes prime minister, 327; receives the thanks of the City for the Catholic Emancipation Bill, _id._; resigns, 331; endeavours to form a ministry on resignation of Lord Grey, 342, 343; abstains from voting against the Reform Bill, 343.

Wengrave, John de, mayor, opposes City ordinances of 1319, i, 142.

West, Francis, Lieutenant Colonel, appointed lieutenant of the Tower, ii, 215, 279.

Westley, Robert, mayor, knighted, iii, 50.

Westminster, foundation of abbey by Seberht, i, 9; dedication of the same, 29; riots at, ii, 150, 152, 192, 254.

Westmoreland, Charles, Earl of, insurrection of, i, 515.

Weymouth, lord, ordered by the king to make enquiries touching the nature of a remonstrance, iii, 94-96.

Wheble, John, arrested for printing parliamentary debates, iii, 108; discharged by Wilkes, _id._

Whetstone, Thomas, committed to Fleet prison, i., 468.

Whig, origin of the name, ii, 460.

White, Sir Thomas merchant taylor, founder of St. John's College, Oxford, and of schools at Reading and Bristol, i., 353; elected mayor, 459; particulars of, 459n.; defends himself before the Star Chamber, 466.

White Friars of London, their house suppressed, i, 398.

Whitelock, Sir Bulstrode, warns the Common Council of Monk's intention to restore the king, ii, 357.

Whitington, Richard, subscribes to a fund for winning back the nobility to the City, i, 217; appointed mayor by Richard II, 244; ordered to make valuation of property in the City, 251; return of rental of, 252; elected mayor for the third time, _id._; his benefactions, 253; gives a library to the Grey Friars, 402.

Whitmore, Sir George, alderman, imprisoned in Crosby House, ii, 173; refuses to pay parliamentary tax for maintenance of the army, 181.

Whitworth, Lord, ambassador to France, leaves Paris, iii, 251.

Wilkes, John, M.P. for Aylesbury, criticises the king's speech, iii, 71; supported by Beckford, _id._; No. 45 of his _North Briton_, 73-75; committed to the Tower, 74; discharged, _id._; recovers damages for seizure of papers, _id._; his _Essay on Woman_, 77; expelled the House, 78; sentence of outlawry pronounced against, _id._; communicates with the Duke of Grafton, 80; elected M.P. for Middlesex, 81; committed to the king's bench, _id._; judgment on his outlawry postponed, 83; sentence pronounced in respect of his publishing the _North Briton_ and _Essay on Woman_, _id._; elected alderman of Farringdon Without, 84; counsel's opinion as to his being admitted alderman, 85; again expelled the House, 86; re-elected four times for Middlesex, _id._; obtains his liberty, 100; admitted alderman, _id._; attacks Trecothick for backing press warrants, 106; discharges printers arrested for printing parliamentary debates, _id._; refuses three times to obey order to appear at the bar of the House of Commons, 118; elected sheriff, 120; his conduct during his shrievalty, 122-124; quarrels with his friends, 124; Horne's letter congratulating him on his election, _id._; receives offer of support from _Junius_, 125; his reply, 126; at loggerheads with Sawbridge and Townshend, 128; gift of plate to, _id._; returned at the head of the poll for the mayoralty, but rejected by the aldermen, 132-134; his supporters raise a riot at Guildhall, 134; the drafting of the remonstrance of the livery (1773) ascribed to, 136; again claims his seat as member for Middlesex, 137; again stands for the mayoralty, 140, 141; elected mayor, 143; again returned M.P. for Middlesex, and allowed to take his seat, 144; reaches his zenith, 145; his dispute with the Court of Aldermen over an election, 146-149; his gentlemanly behaviour at Court, 152; his friendship with Dr. Johnson, 152n., 164-165; his letter to Lord Hertford, 153, 154; vote of thanks of the livery to, 155; refuses to assist in the ceremony of proclaiming war with America, 158; supports Oliver's motion in the House _re_ war with America, 161; expenses of his mayoralty, 161-163; becomes a candidate for the chamberlainship, 163; his answer to creditors, 164; motion in Common Council to grant an annuity to, negatived, _id._; elected chamberlain, _id._; his speech in the House against press warrants, 166; blames Kennet and Bull for their conduct during Gordon riots, 190.

Willes, chief justice, iii, 53.

William I, claims the crown, i, 30; his victory at Hastings, _id._; marches to London, 31; sets fire to Southwark, 32; negotiates with the City, _id._; the City submits, 33; his charters to London, 33-36; his strong government, 37; his death, 38.

William I, Prince of Orange, the citizens of London render assistance to, i, 505; assassinated, 529.

William II (Rufus), his accession, i, 38; his death, 39.

William, Prince of Orange, afterwards William III, entertained by the City, ii, 443; invited to England, 529; lands, 533; declaration in favour of, drawn up by the lords at the Guildhall, 535; City address to, 536; enters London, _id._; summons a representative assembly, 537; asks the City for a loan, 538; proclaimed king, 539; coronation of, 540; entertained at Guildhall, 551; picture of, at Guildhall, defaced, 552; goes to Ireland, 558; returns, 561; goes to Holland, 562, 567; attends the lord mayor's banquet, 570; sets out for the continent, 571; returns, 573; City address to, on death of Queen, 587; City address to, on discovery of the Assassination plot, 599; reception of, by the City on return from Flanders, 604-606; City address to, on death of James II, 607; his death, 609.

William IV, accession of, iii, 328; his visit to the City postponed for fear of riot, 329-330.

Williams, Sir Richard, portion of suppressed priory of St. Helen, Bishopsgate, granted to, i, 401.

Willimot, Robert, alderman, knighted, iii, 50.

Wills, Edward, sheriff, knighted, ii., 598.

Wilson, Rowland, alderman, placed on the commission for the king's trial, ii, 301; member of council of state, 303.

Winchester, its early rivalry with London, i, 10; the same weights and measures used in, as in London, _id._; the mint at, 16; Henry I elected king at, 39; supports Stephen, 46; becomes the head-quarters of the Empress Matilda, _id._; Synod held at, 48; reduced by Queen Matilda, 52; destroyed by fire, 55; Richard I crowned at, 69.

---- Bishop of, question of his precedency at the Guildhall, i, 257.

---- Bishops of. _See_ Beaufort; Blois; Gardiner; Stratford; Wykeham.

---- William Paulet, Marquis of, his mansion house on the site of the Augustinian Friars, i, 399.

Windsor, Sir William de, husband of Alice Perers, i, 208.

Wine, charter of Edward IV granting office of gauger of, i, 307-308; abolition of coal and wine dues, iii, 349.

Winnington, Sir Francis, solicitor-general, his opinion on the question of the aldermanic veto, ii, 454.

Wiseman, Thomas, ii, 151.

Withers, Sir William, M.P. for the City, ii, 607, 622n, 628, 638; candidate for aldermanry, 640, 642, 644.

Wollaston, Sir John, a candidate for the mayoralty, ii, 169; accused of making a disturbance in the Common Hall, 316.

Wolman, Benedict, engaged in the Trumpington conspiracy, i, 248.

Wolsey, Cardinal, brings about marriage of Mary, sister of Henry VIII, with the King of France, i, 347; charges against the City by, 354; advises the City touching payment of subsidy, 355; mediates between the king and City, 358, 359; calls upon the livery companies to surrender their plate towards a loan to the king, 368; letter of thanks to the City from, 369; applies for another loan, 369, 370; his dispute with the Speaker, 371; his assistance again invited by the City, _id._.; his disappointment at not being elected pope, 373; an "amicable loan" suggested by, 374-376; consulted by Court of Aldermen touching discharge of Wythypol, elected alderman, 377; presides at proceedings in the divorce case of Catherine of Aragon, 380; the fall of, 380, 381-382.

Wood, Matthew, mayor, endeavours to rid the streets of foreign seamen, iii, 297-299; his report to the Court of Aldermen of the riot in Spa Fields, 299-305; elected M.P. for the City, 309; attends Queen Caroline at Brandenburgh House, 318, 319.

Woodstock, Thomas of. _See_ Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of.

Woodville, Elizabeth, widow of Sir John Grey, welcomed by the citizens, i, 307; married to Edward IV, 309; takes sanctuary at Westminster, 312, 320.

Wool, a new tax on, i, 172, 173; the king's monopoly of, 181.

Wooldridge, John Thomas, admitted alderman of Bridge Ward, iii, 149.

Woolfe, Sir Joseph, alderman of Broad Street Ward, ii, 640.

Worcester, battle of, ii, 341.

---- Bishop of. _See_ Latimer.

---- John, Earl of, sent to the City to raise a loan, i, 308; beheaded, 312.

Wotton, Nicholas, elected mayor, i, 259.

Wren, Sir Christopher, appointed to make a survey of the City after the Fire, ii, 428; to prepare Westminster hall for trial of Sacheverell, 634.

Wright, Edmund, mayor, ii, 130, 145.

Wriothesley, Thomas, Lord, appointed chancellor, i, 408; City gift to, 409.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, his rebellion, i, 461, 462, 464; lodged in the Tower and executed, 465; report of an attempt to extort confession from, 466.

Wycliffe, John, i, 221, 248.

Wykeham, William de, Bishop of Winchester, restored to his temporalities, i, 210.

Wythypol, Paul, merchant-taylor, his election as Alderman, i, 377-379; particulars of, 377n.; refuses to accept aldermanry and is committed to Newgate, 378; M.P. for the City, 381.

Yelverton, Sir Henry, attorney general, ii, 88.

Yong, Thomas, saddler, convicted of perjury, i, 343.

Yonge, Sir George, secretary at war, his correspondence with the lord mayor touching removal of the Bank guard, iii, 217, 218.

York, City of, letter of sympathy from, after the Great Fire, ii, 420.

York, Archbishop of. _See_ Nevill; Neville.

---- Edward, Duke of, his precedence at the Guildhall, i, 257, 258.

---- Frederick, Duke of, thanks the City for gift of clothing, &c., to the troops in Flanders, iii, 222-223; resigns his command, 223; accused of scandalous conduct, 270.

---- Sir John, sheriff, Earl of Warwick takes up his residence in house of, i, 435; meetings of the lords at his house, 436, 440; entertains Edward VI, 439.

York, Richard, Duke of, his rivalry with Duke of Somerset, i, 286, 287; denied entrance to the City, 287; swears allegiance to Henry VI in St. Paul's, 288; takes up quarters in the City, 290; nominated Protector, 291; the mayor and aldermen wait upon, _id._; wins the battle of St. Alban's, _id._; again nominated Protector on the king's relapse, _id._; seeks refuge in Ireland, 296; attainted, _id._; raises money in the City, 302; claims the crown, 303; killed at Wakefield, 304.

---- ---- Duke of, son of Edward IV, lodged in the Tower, i. 320; impersonated by Perkin Warbeck, 331.

Ypre, John de, i., 209.

Zouche, Lord, his efforts to obtain Northampton's release, i, 230, 231.

ERRATA.

VOL. I.

Page 48, last line, for _them_ read _him_.

---- 107, line 4, for _Fitz-Thomas_ read _Fitz-Thedmar_.

---- 170, line 12, for _1339_ read _1330_.

---- 183, line 4, for _Winchester_ read _Winchelsea_.

---- 223, lines 9 and 22, for _Aldermancy_ read _Aldermanry_.

---- 228, line 10, for _Roby_ read _Raby_.

---- 249, line 12, for _1401_ read _1414_.

---- 264, line 13, for _25,000_ read _2,500_.

---- ---- line 20, for _Pointoise_ read _Pontoise_.

---- ---- note 3, for _fo. 1,222_ read _fo. 122_.

---- 293, note 3, for _fo. 288b_ read _fo. 292_.

---- 310, note 3, for _fo. 128_ read _fo. 182_.

---- 323, marginal note, for _1433_ read _1483_.

---- 339, line 13, for _25 Dec._ read _28 Dec._

---- 365, lines 15, 16, for _of Euphues fame_, read _the Grammarian_.

---- 391, note 2, for _1825_ read _1525_.

---- 443, line 18, for _1850_ read _1550_.

---- 487, line 15, for _followed_ read _preceded_.

---- ---- note 3, for _Repertory 4_ read _Repertory 14_.

VOL. II.

Page 220, marginal note, for _arms_ read _army_.

---- 312, line 9, for _resolved_ read _was moved_.

---- 398, line 21, for _begining_ read _beginning_.

---- 401, line 25, for _latter_ read _later_.

---- 485, note 1, for _27_ read _87_.

---- 528 and 532, marginal notes, for _Charles_ read _James_.

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors in the prose were corrected.

Egregious errors were corrected in the poetry.

Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.

P. 432 The total of men was actually 2190.