Part 7
That no pike net or other net or engine be drawn over the weeds for catching of pikes by any fisherman within the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, by reason it is destructive to, and occasions the driving of all the other fish out of the western rivers, that would otherwise lie, spawn, and breed in the weeds, upon the same penalty of 2_l._ for every such offence.
That no fisherman shall bend any net by anchors, or otherwise, across the channel, or so as to draw another net into it, whereby the spawn of barbel and other fish may be destroyed, upon the forfeiture of the same sum for each offence.
That no such person shall draw any net for salmon of less than three inches in the mesh, from the 10th of March, till the 14th of September, in any part of the river of Thames, from Kew pile westward, to the city of London mark Stone above Stains bridge, upon forfeiture of 2_l._ for every offence.
That no person shall take or sell any fish contrary to the ancient assize: pike, fourteen inches; barbel, twelve inches; salmon, sixteen inches; trout, eight inches; tench, eight inches; roach, six inches; dace, six inches; and flounders, six inches.
That every fisherman shall have on his boat both his christian and surname, and the name of his parish legibly painted, where any one may see it; on the forfeiture of 1_l._ for every offence.
No person whatsoever shall fish for smelts or shads, or any other fish whatsoever, or lay leaps, or rods, for eels in any place within the Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction, without a licence from the water bailiff, who shall appoint the proper seasons for fishing: And that upon every such occasion all the fishermen shall upon due summons or notice given, repair to the water bailiff at the chapel at Guildhall, to take out their several licences for going to fish, and to hear the ordinances for the preservation of the fisheries publicly read, that they may be the better able to preserve and keep them; and that none go out to fish without such a licence; and that every fisherman offending herein shall pay 5_l._ for every such offence.
For the better preventing the use of unlawful nets or engines it is farther ordained, that any person or persons authorized by the water bailiff may enter any fishermens boats or vessels, to view and search for all unsizeable nets and engines, and for any fish they shall suspect to be taken contrary to the laws of this kingdom; to seize and carry such nets to the water bailiff, with the names of the offenders, that they may be brought to justice; likewise to seize the fish taken contrary to law, and distribute it among the poor; and whosoever shall resist or disturb the water bailiff, or his deputies, in their searching for and seizing unlawful nets, engines, or fish, shall forfeit twenty marks.
Tho’ the Thames is said to be navigable an hundred and thirty eight miles above bridge, yet there are so many flats in that course, that in the summer season the navigation westward would be entirely put a stop to when the springs are low, were it not for a number of locks or machines made of wood, placed quite across the river, and so contrived as to confine the current of water as long as found convenient; that is, till the water rises to such a height as to allow depth enough for the barges to pass over the shallows; which being effected, the confined water is set at liberty, and the loaded vessel proceeds on its voyage, till another shoal requires the same contrivance to carry it forward: but though this is a very great convenience yet it is attended with considerable expence; for a barge passing from Lechlade to London pays for passing through these locks 13_l._ 15_s._ 6_d._ and from Oxford to London 12_l._ 18_s._ This charge is however only in summer when the water is low: and there is no lock on this river from London Bridge to Bolter’s lock, that is for the space of fifty-one miles and an half above bridge.
THAMES _street_, is of a prodigious length, it extending from Black Friars to Tower Dock. It is the first street that lies parallel to the Thames, on its north bank, and is chiefly inhabited by wholesale dealers.
THATCH’D _alley_, Chick lane.
THATCH’D HOUSE _alley_, in the Strand.
THATCH’D HOUSE _court_, St James’s street.
THAVIE’S INN, near the west end of St. Andrew’s church Holbourn, is one of the inns of chancery, and is thus named from its founder John Thavie, who liv’d in the reign of Edward III. It is a member of Lincoln’s inn, and has been lately rebuilt in a very handsome manner.
This house is governed by a principal and eleven ancients, who, with the other members, are to be ten days in commons in issuable terms, and in each of the rest a week.
THAVIE’S INN _court_, Thavie’s inn.
THAVIE’S INN _passage_, Thavie’s inn.
THEATRES, there are only two theatres in this metropolis worthy of notice, and these have no fronts to the street. They are both under his Majesty’s companies of comedians, and no new play can be acted in either without the approbation of the Lord Chamberlain, as well as the managers. Drury Lane house appears to be best calculated for the advantage of speaker and hearer, that of Covent Garden for splendor and magnificence. Besides these there is also a theatre for the exhibition of operas, call’d the Opera house, in the Haymarket.
THEATRE _court_, Vinegar yard, Drury lane.
THEOBALDS, a pleasant village in Cheshunt parish in Hertfordshire, situated by the New River. Here the great Lord Burleigh built a magnificent seat, the gallery, says Hentzner in his _Itinerarium_, was painted with the genealogy of the Kings of England, and from thence was a descent into the garden, which was encompassed with a ditch filled with water, and large enough to have the pleasure of rowing in a boat between the shrubs; it was adorned with a great variety of trees and plants, labyrinths made with much labour, a jet d’eau with its bason of white marble, and with columns and pyramids. In the summer house, the lower part of which was built semicircularly, were the twelve Roman Emperors in white marble, and a table of touchstone; the upper part of it was set round with leaden cisterns, into which water was conveyed through pipes. This seat the Lord Burleigh gave to his younger son Sir Robert Cecil, in whose time King James I. staying there for one night’s refreshment, as he was coming to take possession of the crown of England, he was so delighted with the place that he gave him the manor of Hatfield Regis in exchange for it, and afterwards enlarged the park, and encompassed it with a wall ten miles round. This palace he often visited, in order to enjoy the pleasure of hunting in Enfield Chase and Epping Forest, and at last died there. In the civil wars it was however plundered and defaced; it being the place from whence King Charles I. set out to erect his standard at Nottingham: King Charles II. granted the manor to George Monk, Duke of Albemarl; but it reverting again to the crown, for want of heirs male, King William III. gave it to William Bentinck, whom he created Earl of Portland, from whom it descended to the Duke his grandson: the great park, a part of which was in Hertfordshire, and a part in Middlesex, is now converted into farms.
Here are several houses belonging to persons of distinction, and in this neighbourhood Richard Cromwell, who had been protector, but abdicated, passed the last part of his life in a very private manner.
THEOBALD’S _court_, 1. in the Strand: 2. Theobald’s row.†
THEOBALD’S _row_, Red Lion street, Holbourn.†
THIEVING _lane_, King street, Westminster. So called from thieves passing that way to the Gatehouse prison, during the continuance of the sanctuary. _Maitland._
THISTLEWORTH, or ISLEWORTH. See ISLEWORTH. _Maitland._
_St._ THOMAS APOSTLES, a church which stood where the cemetry is now in Queen street, Cheapside, and was of great antiquity, since we have an account of the state thereof so early as the year 1181. It owes its name to its dedication to St. Thomas the Apostle.
This church being destroyed by the dreadful fire of London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was by act of parliament united to the church of St. Mary Aldermary, which is become the place of public worship for both, whereby the incumbent’s profits are considerably increased.
_St._ THOMAS OF ACARS, or ACONS, an hospital formerly situated where Mercers chapel now stands in Cheapside. This hospital was under this name dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket archbishop of Canterbury, probably upon the following occasion: when the city of Acars or Acon in the Holy Land was besieged by the Christians, an Englishman, chaplain to Radulphus de Diceto, dean of London, going to Jerusalem, bound himself by a vow that if he should prosperously enter Acon he would build a chapel to St. Thomas the Martyr at his own charge, and also procure a church-yard to be consecrated there to the honour of that supposed Martyr; this he actually performed, when many resorting to his chapel, he took the character of prior, and employed himself sometimes in fighting as a soldier, and at others, in burying the bodies of such as died either naturally or were slain by the enemy. _Maitland._
Matthew Paris however says that the order of St. Thomas was instituted by Richard surnamed Cœur de Lyon, after the surprisal of Acars, in honour of Thomas a Becket; that they held the rule of St. Augustine, and wore a white habit, and a full red cross, charged in the middle with a white scallop, and that Peter de Rupibus, bishop of Winchester, being in the Holy Land, caused the patriarch of Jerusalem to direct that the brethren of this church should be under the order of the Templars. _M. Paris in vita Hen._ III.
However it is evident, that as the Templars and other orders, formed societies in England in imitation of those founded in Palestine, so this in Cheapside was founded in imitation of that at Acon, and therefore had the same name.
The revenue of this hospital, when it was surrendered to Henry VIII. amounted to 277_l._ 3_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_. The edifice was soon after purchased by the Mercer’s company. The image of Thomas a Becket however stood over the gate, till the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when somebody threw it down, broke it, and stuck up a writing on the church door, reflecting on those who placed it there. See the article MERCERS.
THOMAS _court_, 1. Benjamin street: 2. Tackle Block court, Wapping.
_St._ THOMAS’S HOSPITAL, on the east side of the street called the Borough in Southwark, is a very noble and extensive charity, for the reception of the necessitous sick and wounded.
As to the origin of this hospital, it is to be observed, that the priory of St. Mary Overies being destroyed by fire in the year 1207, the canons erected at a small distance an occasional edifice to answer the same purpose, till their monastery could be rebuilt; which being accomplished, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, for the greater convenience of air and water, pulled it down in 1215, and erected it in a place where the prior of Bermondsey had two years before built an almonry, or almshouse, for the reception of indigent children, and necessitous proselytes; and having dedicated the new structure to St. Thomas the Apostle, he endowed it with land to the value of 343_l._ a year: from which time it was held of the abbot of Bermondsey, and ever since an hospital has continued in the same place.
In 1428, one of the abbots granted the foundation lands to Nicholas Buckland, the master of the hospital, and in that condition they remained, till at the dissolution of religious houses in the reign of Henry VIII. this fell with the rest.
In the year 1551 the Lord Mayor and Citizens having purchased of King Edward VI. the manor of Southwark, with its appurtenances, for the sum of 647_l._ 2_s._ 1_d._ a part whereof being this hospital, the city immediately repaired and enlarged it at the expence of about 1100_l._ and in November following receiving into it two hundred and sixty poor sick and helpless objects, the hospital still retained its antient name, St. Thomas’s, and in 1553 the King incorporated a society of persons for its government, in common with the two other great charities, Bridewell and Christ’s Hospital.
Though the great fire of London in 1666 spared this hospital, it destroyed a great part of its possessions, and two others which happened a few years after in Southwark added to the distress. By these accidents the hospital of St. Thomas was almost reduced to ruin. The building was old, and wanted great repairs, and the funds that should have supported it were exhausted; but the benevolence of the principal persons in the city interposed for its preservation; the governors in 1699 set on foot a voluntary subscription, which they opened by large donations from themselves and their friends, and the public followed the example. The building was begun upon a larger and more commodious plan, and erected at different times by the assistance of different benefactors, till it became entirely completed, and consists in the whole of three quadrangles or square courts.
Next the street is a handsome pair of large iron gates, with a door of the same work on each side for the convenience of foot passengers. These are fastened on the sides to a stone pier, on each of which is a statue representing one of the patients. These gates open into a very neat square court, encompassed on three sides with a colonade, surrounded with benches next the wall, for people to sit down. On the south under an empty niche is the following inscription,
This building on the south side of this court, containing three wards, was erected at the charge of THOMAS FREDERICK of London, Esq; a worthy governor and liberal benefactor to this hospital, _Anno 1708_.
Under the same kind of niche on the opposite side is this inscription,
This building on the north side of this court, containing three wards, was erected at the charge of THOMAS GUY, Esq; Citizen and Stationer of London, a worthy governor and bountiful benefactor to this hospital, _Anno 1707_.
The centre of the principal front, which is on the west side, facing the street, is of stone. On the top is a clock under a small circular pediment, and beneath that a niche with a statue of Edward VI. holding a gilt sceptre in his right hand, and the charter in his left. A little lower in niches on each side is a man with a crutch, and a sick woman: and under them, in other niches, a man with a wooden leg, and a woman with her arm in a sling: over the niches are festoons, and between the last mentioned figures the King’s arms in relievo. Under which is the following inscription,
KING EDWARD the SIXTH, of pious memory, in the year of our Lord 1552 founded and endowed this HOSPITAL of St. THOMAS the Apostle, _together with the Hospital of Christ and Bridewell in London_.
Underneath is a spacious passage down several steps into the second court, which is by far the most elegant. It has colonades like the former, except at the front of the chapel which is on the north side, and is adorned with lofty pilasters of the Corinthian order, placed on high pedestals which rise from the ground, and on the top is a pediment, as there is also in the centre of the west and east sides: and above the piazzas the fronts of the wards are ornamented with handsome Ionic pilasters.
In the midst of this court is a good brass statue of King Edward VI. by Mr. Scheemakers, and behind him is placed upon a kind of small pedestal his crown laid upon a cushion. This statue is surrounded with iron rails, and stands upon a lofty stone pedestal, upon which is the following inscription in capitals:
This statue Of King EDWARD the Sixth, A most excellent Prince, Of exemplary Piety and Wisdom above his years; The glory and ornament of his age, and most munificent founder Of this hospital, Was erected at the expence Of CHARLES JOYCE, Esquire, in the year MDCCXXXVII.
On the opposite face of the pedestal is the same inscription in Latin.
In the middle of the east side of this court is a spacious passage into the next, the structure above being supported by rows of columns. The buildings in the third court are older than the others, and are entirely surrounded with a colonade, above which they are adorned with a kind of long slender Ionic pilasters, with very small capitals. In the centre is a stone statue of Robert Clayton, Esq; dressed in his robes as Lord Mayor, surrounded with iron rails, upon the west side of the pedestal is his arms in relievo, and on the south side the following inscription:
To Sir ROBERT CLAYTON, knight, born in Northamptonshire, Citizen and Lord Mayor of London, president of this hospital, and vice president of the new work-house, and a bountiful benefactor to it; a just magistrate, and brave defender of the liberty and religion of his country. Who (besides many other instances of his charity to the poor) built the girls ward in Christ’s hospital, gave first toward the rebuilding of this house 600_l._ and left by his last will 2300_l._ to the poor of it. This statue was erected in his life time by the governors, _An. Dom._ MDCCI. as a monument of their esteem of so much worth; and to preserve his memory after death, was by them beautified _Anno Dom._ MDCCXIV.
By this noble charity many hundred thousand of the poor have since its foundation received relief, and been cured of the various disorders to which human nature is subject; and though the estates at first belonging to this foundation were ruined, yet by the liberal munificence of the citizens since that time, the annual disbursements have of late amounted to near 8000_l._ The house contains nineteen wards, and 474 beds, which are constantly kept filled, and they have always a considerable number of out-patients.
The number of governors in this and the other city hospitals are unlimited, and therefore uncertain. They chuse their own officers and servants, both men and women: these are a president, a treasurer, an hospitaller or chaplain, four physicians, three surgeons, an apothecary, a clerk, a steward, a matron, a brewer and butcher, a cook, assistant and servant, an assistant clerk in the compting house, two porters, four beadles, nineteen sisters, nineteen nurses, nineteen watch-women, a chapel clerk and sexton, and one watchman.
_St._ THOMAS’S _lane_, Drury lane.*
THOMAS’S _rents_, Fore street, Limehouse.
_St._ THOMAS’S _Southwark_, on the north side of St. Thomas’s street was erected for the use of the above hospital, from which it is denominated; but the number of houses and inhabitants having greatly increased in the precinct of that hospital, it was judged necessary to make the church parochial for the use of the inhabitants, and to erect a chapel in the hospital for the use of the patients. This church is therefore neither a rectory, vicarage, nor donative, but a sort of impropriation in the gift of the hospital.
This church is a plain brick building enlightened by one series of large windows, and the corners strengthened and adorned with rustic, as is the corners of the tower. The principal door has a cornice supported by scrolls and a circular pediment, and the tower, instead of a balustrade, is crowned with a blocking course of the Attic kind.
_St._ THOMAS’S _street_, near St. Thomas’s hospital, in the Borough, Southwark.
THOMAS _street_, 1. Coverleads Fields, Spitalfields. 2. Gainsford street, Horselydown lane: 3. Shoreditch Fields: 4. Virginia row, East Smithfield.
THOMPSON’S _rents_, 1. Halfmoon alley.† 2. London Wall.†
THOMPSON’S _yard_, upper ground, Southwark.†
THRALL _street_, Spitalfields.
THREADNEEDLE _alley_, Little Moorfields.
THREADNEEDLE _street_, extends from Princes street opposite the Lord Mayor’s mansion-house, and running by the back of the Royal Exchange, reaches into Bishopsgate street.
THREE ANCHOR _alley_, Shoe lane, Fleet street.*
THREE BELL _alley_, Whitechapel.*
THREE BOWL _alley_, Moorfields.*
THREE BOWL _court_, Houndsditch.*
THREE CCC _court_, Garlick hill, Thames street.*
THREE COLTS _alley_, 1. near Bishopsgate street within.* 2. Cinnamon street.*
THREE COLTS _court_, Three Colts street Limehouse.*
THREE COLTS _corner_, St. John street.*
THREE COLTS _lane_, Air street, Spitalfields.*
THREE COLTS _street_, Limehouse.*
THREE COLTS _yard_, 1. Crutched Friars, near Tower Hill.* 2. London Wall.* 3. Mile-end.* 4. Three Colts street.*
THREE COMPASSES _alley_, East Smithfield.*
THREE COMPASSES _court_, near Brook street.*
THREE CONEY _walk_, Butt’s street, Lambeth.*
THREE CRANE _court_, Southwark.*
THREE CRANE _lane_, Thames street.*
THREE CRANE _stairs_, at the bottom of Queen street, Cheapside.*
THREE CRANES, a street by Thames street.
THREE CRANE _wharf_, three Crane stairs.
THREE CROWN _court_, 1. in the Borough.* 2. Castle street.* 3. Foster lane, Cheapside.* 4. Garlick hill, Thames street. 5. In the Minories.* 6. Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate.* 7. Wheeler street, Spitalfields.* 8. White’s alley, Little Moorfields.*
THREE CROWN _yard_, Bride lane, Fleet street.
THREE CUP _alley_, 1. Dean street.* 2. Shoreditch.*
THREE CUP _yard_, Bedford street.*
THREE DAGGER _court_, 1. Fore street, Crippelgate.* 2. Old Change.*
THREE DIAMONDS _court_, Hosier lane, Smithfield.
THREE FALCONS _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
THREE FALCONS _court_, 1. Fleet street.* 2. St. Margaret’s hill.*
THREE FOX _court_, 1. Clements lane.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Long lane, Smithfield.* 4. Narrow street, Ratcliff.* 5. Three Fox yard.*
THREE FOX _yard_, Ratcliff.*
THREE GRIFFIN _yard_, Aldgate street.*
THREE GUN _lane_, Three Colts street, Lambeth.*
THREE HAMMER _alley_, Green alley, Tooley street.*
THREE HATS _alley_, Horselydown lane.*
THREE HERRINGS _court_, 1. Creechurch lane, Leadenhall street.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Redcross street, Crippelgate.* 4. St. Thomas’s in the Borough.*
THREE HOOP _yard_, Holiwell street.*
THREE HORSESHOE _alley_, Old street, Upper Moorfields.*
THREE HORSESHOE _court_, 1. Chick lane, Smithfield.* 2. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 3. Long lane, Smithfield.* 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
THREE HORSESHOE _yard_, James’s street.*
THREE KING’S _court_, 1. Chandois street.* 2. Clement’s lane.* 3. Fleet street.* 4. King street, Covent Garden.* 5. Lombard street.* 6. in the Minories.* 7. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
THREE KING’S _yard_, David street, Grosvenor square.*
THREE LEG _alley_, East Harding street, by Shoe lane, Fleet street.*
THREE LEG _court_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
THREE LINK _alley_, Fashion street, Spitalfields.*
THREE MARINERS _court_, Fleet street, Spitalfields.*
THREE MARINERS _stairs_, Rotherhith.*
THREE MOULDS _court_, Cherry-tree alley.*
THREE NEEDLE _alley_, Moorfields.*
THREE NUNS _alley_, Threadneedle street.*
THREE NUNS _court_, Threadneedle street.*
THREE NUNS _yard_, Whitechapel.*
THREE OAKS _lane_, Horselydown.*
THREE PIGEONS _alley_, Hockley in the Hole.*
THREE PIGEONS _court_, 1. Barbican, Aldersgate street.* 2. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 3. Moorfields.*
THREE SISTERS _court_, St. Catharine’s court, by the Tower.*
THREE SLIPPER _court_, Bishopsgate street.*
THREE STEP _alley_, Rotherhith.
THREE STILLS _court_, Bishopsgate without.*
THREE TUNS _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Cowcross, Smithfield.* 3. London wall.* 4. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 5. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Tothill street, Westminster.* 8. White street by Kent street, Southwark.*