Part 19
WORREL’S _rents_, Cherry-tree alley, Golden lane.†
WORSHIP _street_, near Upper Moorfields.
WORSLEY’S _yard_, Field lane, the bottom of Holbourn hill.†
WRAY’S _court_, Cross lane, Parker’s lane.†
_Sir Christopher_ WREN, the celebrated architect, many of whose most excellent works of this kind are described in several places of this work, and views of them given, has on this account an equal claim to our regard in this place, with INIGO JONES, his competitor in the same path of fame, some account of whom we have already given under his name.
Sir Christopher was descended from a branch of the ancient family of the Wrens, of Binchester in the bishoprick of Durham. He was grandson of Mr. Francis Wren, citizen of London, and son of Christopher Wren, dean of Windsor, a younger brother of doctor Matthew Wren, successively Bishop of Hereford, Norwich, and Ely. He was born at London October the eighth 1632, and became gentleman commoner of Wadham college in Oxford, where he took the degree of bachelor of arts, March the eighteenth 1650, and that of master December the eleventh 1653, and the same year was chosen fellow of Allsouls college there. While he was very young he discovered a surprising genius for the mathematics; in which science he made great advancement before he was sixteen years old, as Mr. Oughtred informs us in the preface to the third edition of his _Clavis_ _Mathematica_, printed at Oxford in 1652. August the seventh 1652, he was made professor of astronomy at Gresham college in London. In the beginning of July 1658, he communicated to Doctor Wallis several papers concerning the Cycloide which were published by Doctor Wallis 1659, in his treatise _de Cycloide_. In February 1660, Mr. Wren resigned his professorship at Gresham college, upon being chosen to the Savilian professorship of astronomy in Oxford. The same year he was sent for by order of King Charles the Second, to assist Sir John Denham, surveyor of his Majesty’s works. September the twelfth 1661 he was created Doctor of laws, and May twenty 1663, was elected fellow of the Royal Society; in the history of which society by Doctor Sprat, we have an account of some of his discoveries in philosophy and mathematics made before the year 1667, the most considerable of which is his _Doctrine of Motion_, which is the best of all others for establishing the first principles of philosophy by geometrical demonstrations. He also published a _History of Seasons_, in which he proposed to comprehend a diary of wind, weather, and other conditions of the air, as to heat, cold, and weight, which might be of admirable use if constantly pursued and derived down to posterity. He also contrived a thermometer to be its own register, and an instrument to measure the quantities of rain that fall, and he devised many subtle ways for the easier finding the gravity of the atmosphere. Some discoveries in the _Pendulum_ are to be attributed to him, and he has invented many ways to make astronomical observations more easy and accurate. He added many devices and improvements to telescopes, and improved the theory of dioptrics, it being a question among the problems of navigation, to what mechanical power, sailing against the wind especially, was reducible, he shewed it to be a wedge. The geometrical mechanics of rowing he shewed to be a _Vectis_, on a moving or cedent _Fulcrum_. He invented a curious and speedy way of etching, and has started several things towards the emendation of water-works. He was the first inventor of drawing pictures by microscopical glasses. He found out long-liv’d lamps, and registers of furnaces for keeping a perpetual temper in order to various uses, as hatching eggs, insects, production of plants, chemical preparations, imitating nature in producing fossils and minerals, keeping the motion of watches equal in order to longitude and astronomical uses, and infinite other advantages. He was the first author of the noble anatomical experiment of injecting liquors into the veins of animals, an experiment now well known. It were easy to enumerate a great number of other inventions and improvements of his, from Doctor Sprat’s account of them, but these may suffice as a specimen.
In 1665 Sir Christopher Wren travelled into France, and about the same year was one of the commissioners for the reparation of St. Paul; and in September the same year drew up a model for rebuilding the city of London after the fire in the beginning of that month. Upon the decease of Sir John Denham, who died in March 1668, he was made Surveyor-general of his Majesty’s works. In 1669, he finished the magnificent theatre at Oxford, April the ninth 1673, he resigned his professorship of astronomy at Oxford, and some time after married the daughter of Sir Thomas Coghill of Bletchington in Oxfordshire, by whom he had only one son named Christopher. His wife dying in childbed, he afterwards married Jane daughter of William Lord Fitz-Williams, Baron of Lifford in Ireland, by whom he had two children, a son William, and a daughter Jane. In 1680 he was chosen president of the Royal Society. He was one of the commissioners of Chelsea college, and twice member of parliament, first for Plymouth in Devonshire, in 1685; and in 1700, for Melcomb Regis in Devonshire. In 1718 he was removed from his place of Surveyor-general. He died February the twenty-fifth 1723, in the ninety-first year of his age, and was interred in the vault under St. Paul’s. He was the author of several treatises on different subjects. Amongst the works of architecture of his designing are the cathedral of St. Paul’s, the churches of St. Stephen Walbrook and St. Mary le Bow, the Monument, the palace of Hampton court, Chelsea college, and Greenwich hospital, _&c._ an account of all which see under their several names in this work.
WRESTLEY’S _court_, London wall.†
WRIGHT’S _rents_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.† 2. Ratcliff highway.†
WRIGHT’S _street_, Rotherhith.†
WRIGHT’S _yard_, New Marten’s street, near East Smithfield.†
WROTHAM, or WORTHAM, a town in Kent, twenty-five miles from London, and three miles and a half from West Malling, received its name from the great quantity of the herb wort, which grows near it. It has a very large church, in which are sixteen stalls supposed to have been made for the clergy who attended the Archbishops of Canterbury, to whom the manor formerly belonged, and who had a palace here, till Simon Islip the Archbishop in the fourteenth century, pulled it down, and built another at Maidstone; the rectory is however still reckoned one of the best livings in Kent. It has a market on Tuesdays.
WYCH _street_, Drury lane.
WYCH’S _court_, Wych street.†
WYNAM’S _court_, Great Russel street.†
Y.
YEAT’S _court_, 1. Clements lane, Temple bar.† 2. Redcross street.†
YEAT’S _rents_, Jamaica street.†
YEAT’S _street_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.†
YELLOW _street_, in the Minories.
YORK _alley_, St. Mary Magdalen’s church-yard.
YORK _buildings_, in the Strand, so denominated from the Archbishop of York’s house there, purchased by Nicholas Heath the Archbishop, about the year 1556, of the Bishop of Norwich, but afterwards coming to John Duke of Buckingham, he demised the house and garden to several builders, and they erected there several handsome streets and alleys, in which his name and title are recorded, _viz._ John street, Villars street, Duke street, Off alley, and Buckingham street. However these streets together are still denominated York buildings.
YORK BUILDINGS WATERWORKS, an edifice with a high tower, erected behind York buildings by the Thames, for raising water for the supply of that neighbourhood. The company to whom it belongs were incorporated by act of parliament in the year 1691.
YORK BUILDINGS _stairs_, Terrace walk, York buildings. The beautiful design for these stairs is of the celebrated Inigo Jones, of the Tuscan order with rustic work, as the print shews, and is admirably adapted to the situation. The print is on the same plate with that of the Temple, which See.
YORK _street_, 1. Anchor street: 2. Bridges street: 3. Jermain street.
YORK _yard_, Long lane, East Smithfield.
YORKSHIRE _court_, 1. Mile-end New Town: 2. Whitechapel.
YORKSHIRE _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street: 2. Brick lane.
YOUNG’S ALMSHOUSE, in College church-yard, Southwark, was founded by Mr. Henry Young in the year 1694, for two poor women, with an allowance of only one shilling per week each. _Maitland._
YOUNG’S _court_, 1. Basinghall street.† 2. Nightingale lane.†
YOUNG’S _key_, Thames street.†
Z.
ZOAR _street_, Gravel lane.
FINIS.
Directions to the Binder for placing the Cuts.
VOL. I. To face Page
1 Frontispiece, to face the Title 2 Abby Church of St. Peter’s Westminster 1 3 Monument of Shakespear 51 4 Capt. Cornwall’s Monument 75 5 Henry the Seventh’s Chapel 113 6 Admiralty 134 7 The Bank 234 8 Banquetting House 244 9 St. Bartholomew’s Hospital 260 10 Belvedere House 271 11 Bethlem, with London Bridge 297 12 Figures on Bethlem Gates 298 13 Sir Gregory Page’s Seat 314 14 Bedford House 330
VOL. II.
1 British Museum 17 2 Plan of the British Museum 32 3 Burlington House 57 4 Cashiobury, with Moor Park 71 5 Chelsea Hospital 105 6 Chesterfield House and L. Egremont’s 110 7 Chiswick House 114 8 Christ’s Church Hospital 135 9 Claremont 139 10 House of Commons and Entrance } 165 to the House of Lords } 11 Covent Garden 194 12 Custom House 213 13 Devonshire House 225 14 St. Dunstan’s in the East 253 15 East India House 263 16 Esher Place 277 17 Eton College 280 18 Fool’s Cray Place 312 19 Foundling Hospital 327 20 Map of the Environs or Countries twenty Miles round London, place to face the Title Page of this Volume.
VOL. III.
1 Bloomsbury Church 5 2 Gray’s Inn 58 3 Mr. Spenser’s 65 4 Greenwich Hospital 69 5 Gresham College 76 6 Guild Hall 100 7 Gunnersbury 110 8 Guy’s Hospital 112 9 Cascade at Ham Farm 132 10 Hampton Court from the Gardens 162 11 St. James’s Palace 215 12 Kensington Palace 266 13 Lambeth Palace 291 14 Lincoln’s Inn 309
VOL. IV.
1 Plan of London to face the Title 2 Shaftsbury’s House and center of } 160 Lincoln’s Inn Fields } 3 The Mansion-House 244 4 Marlborough House 262 5 Bow Steeple 288 6 Part of the Meuse and St. Martin’s } 323 Church }
VOL. V.
1 Monument 1 2 Northumberland House and Charing } 53 Cross } 3 South View of Northumberland House 59 4 View from the Terrace at Oatlands 60 5 A Scene in the Gardens of Pain’s Hill 101 6 St. Paul’s 139 7 College of Physicians 193 8 View of Ranelagh Gardens 244 9 Royal Exchange 280
VOL. VI.
1 Sion House view’d from Richmond } 7 Gardens } 2 Sion House view’d from opposite } 14 Isleworth Church } 3 Somerset House 43 4 South Sea House 50 5 St. Stephen’s Walbrook 66 6 Entrance into the Temple and } 114 Temple Bar, &c. } 7 St. Thomas’s Hospital 129 8 The Tower 148 9 The Treasury and Horse Guards 196 10 View at the Entrance into Vaux Hall 216 11 Wansted, the Seat of the Earl of } 247 Tilney } 12 Westminster and Walton Bridges 288 13 Westminster Hall 296 14 A Gate belonging to the old Palace } 315 of Whitehall } 15 Windsor Castle 326 16 Plan of Windsor Castle 353 17 A Scene in Wooburn Farm 361
* * * * *
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES.
1. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.
2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
3. The key to the marks used to show name derivations, which can be found at the start of the main text, has been copied from the first volume by the transcriber for the convenience of the reader. Punctuation for these codes has been standardised for consistency with other volumes. For example [1. Basinghall street.†] in place of [1. Basinghall street†.]
4. Pound, shilling and pence abbreviations (l. s. d.) are regularized to be italic, consistent with all other volumes.
5. Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent.
6. The illustration on Page 114, [_Entrance into the Temple & Temple Bar._] and [_York Stairs._], has been changed to two separate illustrations by the transciber.