Part 16
XIX. Two trustees are nominated every Wednesday, by the weekly board, to be visitors for the ensuing week, who are to attend daily, and inquire into the behaviour of the officers, servants, and patients, the quantity and quality of the provisions, and every thing relating to the oeconomy of the house; and these visitors have power to suspend any servant for misbehaviour, and to reject such provisions as they shall find deficient or improper, and provide others in their room, till they have made their report to the next weekly board.
XX. All questions at every board and committee are decided by the votes of the majority of the trustees present, and of the proxies for the ladies who are trustees, such proxy being given in writing to some person who is a trustee, and being entered in a book to be kept for that purpose by the secretary. And the minutes of each board and committee are to be signed by the respective chairmen.
XXI. It having been resolved that all subscriptions to this hospital are payable in advance, upon the respective quarter days for the year then to come; letters, signed by the chairman of every quarterly general board, are to be sent to each subscriber whose subscription shall then appear to have been three months due, according to the foregoing resolution, to remind him of such arrear, and to request the payment of it. _From the orders published by the general board._
WESTMINSTER _market_, a very convenient and handsome market in King street.
WESTMINSTER _school_, or Queen’s college, Westminster, was founded by Queen Elizabeth, in the year 1590, for the education of forty boys, who are taught classical learning, and in the best manner prepared for the university. Besides whom, a great number of the sons of the nobility and gentry are educated there, which has rendered it one of the greatest schools in the kingdom. Instead of one master, and an usher, as at first; there are now an upper and under master, and five ushers, who have about 400 young gentlemen under their tuition. _Maitland._
WESTMORELAND _court_, 1. Bartholomew close, so called from the mansion of the Earls of Westmoreland, formerly situated there: 2. Noble street, Foster lane.
WESTON’S _rents_, Houndsditch.†
WEST’S _gardens_, New Gravel lane.†
WEST SIDE _alley_, near Tooley street, Southwark.
WEST SMITHFIELD. See the article SMITHFIELD. The epithet West is never used but to distinguish it from East Smithfield.
WEST _street_, 1. Soho: 2. Spitalfields market.
WEYBRIDGE, a village in Surry, four miles south-west of Hampton Court, took its name from a bridge formerly erected here over the river Wey. About this village are several fine seats, particularly those of the Earls of Portmore and Lincoln. The former was beautified by the Countess of Dorchester, in the reign of King James II. and has a fine walk of acacia trees, which when first planted were esteemed great curiosities. Among the advantages of the other, is a noble terrace walk, raised so high above the neighbouring ground, as to afford a fine prospect of the country and the river. For some farther account of both these seats. See OATLANDS and HAM FARM.
WHALEBONE _court_, 1. Bow lane, Cheapside: 2. Little Old Bailey: 3. Lothbury: 4. Throgmorton street.
WHARTON’S _court_, 1. Church-yard alley.† 2. Holbourn.† 3. Lambeth or Lambert hill, Thames street.†
WHARTON’S _rents_, New Gravel lane.†
WHEATSHEAF _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Lambeth.* 3. Michael’s lane, Thames street.*
WHEEL _yard_, Stony lane.
WHEELBARROW _alley_, Rosemary lane.
WHEELER _street_, Lamb street, Spitalfields.
WHEELER’S _alley_, Old street.†
WHEELER’S _lane_, St. Olave street, Southwark.†
WHEELER’S _yard_, Redcross street, Barbican.† 2. Wheeler’s lane, Southwark.†
WHEELWRIGHTS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles II. in the year 1670, and governed by a master, two wardens, and twenty-two assistants; but they have neither hall nor livery.
WHEELWRIGHT _yard_, Nightingale lane.†
WHETSTER’S _ground_, 1. Millbank, Westminster.† 2. Peter street.†
WHETSTON’S _park_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.†
WHISTLER’S _court_, Salter’s Hall court, St. Swithin’s lane.†
WHITCHER’S _almshouse_, situated at Tothill side, Westminster, was founded by Mr. George Whitcher, in the year 1683, for six poor old people, each of whom are allowed the annual sum of 5_l._ and a gown. _Maitland._
WHITCOMB’S _alley_, Great Queen street.†
WHITCOMB’S _court_, Hedge lane, Charing Cross.†
WHITCOMB’S _street_, Hedge lane.†
WHITE BALL _court_, Castle street.*
WHITE BEAR _alley_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. Addle hill.* 3. Redcross street.* 4. Rosemary lane, Little Tower Hill.* 5. Whitechapel.*
WHITE BEAR _court_, Addle hill.*
WHITE BEAR _yard_, Holiwell street.*
WHITECHAPEL, a long and broad street which extends from the north-east corner of the Minories, to near Mile-end. It derived its name from St. Mary’s church, which was originally a chapel of ease to St. Dunstan’s Stepney, and from its whiteness called the White chapel.
WHITECHAPEL _bars_, a little to the west of Whitechapel church, placed where the liberties of the city end.
WHITECHAPEL _common_, Mile-end.
WHITECHAPEL _court_, is a court of record belonging to Stepney manor; wherein the steward of the manor tries actions for any sum, as well as of damage, trespass, _&c._
WHITECHAPEL _field gate_, Whitechapel.
WHITECHAPEL _market_, a considerable flesh market consisting only of a range of butchers shops on the south side of the street, near the west end.
WHITECHAPEL _school_, was founded by Mr. Ralph Davenant, rector of the parish of St. Mary Whitechapel, by Mary, his wife, and Sarah, her sister, in the year 1680: and this foundation being greatly augmented by the charitable benefaction of 1000_l._ given in the year 1721, by a person unknown, a master receives a salary of 30_l._ _per annum_ for teaching of sixty boys, as does a mistress 20_l._ for instructing forty girls. _Maitland._
WHITE COCK _alley_, Thames street.*
WHITE _court_, Peter lane.
WHITECROSS _alley_, Moorfields.
WHITECROSS _street_, Fore street, Cripplegate, so named from a white cross which anciently stood at the upper end of it: 2. Queen street, Southwark: 3. Spitalfields, these last had probably their name from the same original.
WHITE FRIARS, a number of lanes, alleys, and passages extending from the west side of Water lane to the Temple; and from Fleet street to the Thames. It took its name from the White Friars, or Carmelites, who had their house in this place next to Fleet street, and their garden probably extended from thence to the water side. They were cloathed in white, and having made a vow of poverty lived by begging. Their convent was founded by Sir Richard Gray, Knt. ancestor to the Lord Gray of Codnor in Derbyshire in the year 1241, and was afterwards rebuilt by Hugh Courtney, Earl of Devonshire, about the year 1350. In the conventual church were interred many persons of distinction.
This convent and its church were surrendered to Henry VIII. in the thirtieth year of his reign, when they were valued at no more than 26 _l._ 7_s._ 3_d._ and being soon after pulled down, other houses were built in their room. _Maitland._
In the year 1608, the inhabitants obtained several liberties, privileges and exemptions by a charter granted them by King James I. and this rendered the place an asylum for insolvent debtors, cheats, and gamesters, who gave to this district the name of Alsatia: but the inconveniences the city suffered from this place of refuge, and the riotous proceedings carried on there, at length induced the legislature to interpose; and to deprive them of privileges so pernicious to the community.
WHITE FRIARS _dock_, White Friars.
WHITE FRIARS _stairs_, White Friars.
WHITEHALL, a palace originally built by Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, who in the year 1243, bequeathed it to the Black Friars in Chancery lane, Holbourn, in whose church he was interred. But in 1248, these friars having disposed of it to Walter de Grey, Archbishop of York, he left it to his successors, the Archbishops of that see, for their city mansion, and hence it obtained the name of York place. However, the royal palace at Westminster suffering greatly by fire in the reign of Henry VIII. and that Prince having a great inclination for York place, purchased it of Cardinal Wolsey, in the year 1530.
Henry had no sooner obtained the possession of this palace than he enclosed the park for the accommodation of both palaces, and built the beautiful gate opposite the banqueting house (which has been lately pulled down) to which he added a magnificent gallery, for the accommodation of the Royal Family, the nobility and great officers of state; for there they sat to see the tournaments performed in the tiltyard; and soon after the King, who had a greater taste for pleasure, than for elegance of building, ordered a tennis-court, a cock-pit, and bowling greens to be formed, with other places for different kinds of diversion.
From this time Whitehall continued the royal residence of the Sovereigns of England; and Hentzner in his _Itinerarium_ says it was a structure truly royal: and it was furnished in a peculiar manner.
“Near this palace, says he, are seen an immense number of swans, who wander up and down the river for some miles, in great security; no body daring to molest, much less to kill any of them, under the penalty of a considerable fine.
In the palace is a library, well stored with Greek, Latin, Italian and French books; and among the rest, a small one in French, upon parchment, in the hand writing of the present Queen Elizabeth thus inscribed:
_A tres haut & tres puissant & redoubtè Prince Henry_ VIII. _de ce nom, Roy d’Angleterre, de France, & d’Irelande, defenseur de la foy_:
_Elisabeth sa tres humble fille rend salut & obedience._
In English thus:
To the most high, puissant, and redoubted Prince, Henry VIII. of the name, King of England, France and Ireland, defender of the faith:
Elizabeth, his most humble daughter, health and obedience.
All these books are bound in velvet of different colours, though chiefly red, with clasps of gold and silver; some have pearls, and precious stones, set in their bindings.
II. Two little silver cabinets of exquisite work, in which the Queen keeps her paper, and which she uses for writing boxes.
III. The Queen’s bed; ingeniously composed of woods of different colours, with quilts of silk, velvet, gold, silver, and embroidery.
IV. A little chest ornamented all over with pearls, in which the Queen keeps her bracelets, ear-rings, and other things of extraordinary value.
V. Christ’s passion in painted glass.
VI. Portraits: among which are Queen Elizabeth at sixteen years of age. Henry, Richard, Edward, Kings of England; Rosamond, Lucrece, a Grecian bride, in her nuptial habit; the genealogy of the Kings of England; a picture of King Edward VI. representing at first sight something quite deformed, till by looking through a small hole in the cover, which is put over it, you see it in its true proportions; the Emperor Charles V. Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and Catharine of Spain, his wife; Ferdinand Duke of Florence, with his daughters; one of Philip King of Spain, when he came into England, and married Mary; Henry VII. Henry VIII. and his mother; besides many more of illustrious men and women; and a picture of the siege of Malta.
VII. A small hermitage, half hid in a rock, finely carved in wood.
VIII. Variety of emblems, on paper, cut in the shape of shields, with mottoes used by the nobility at tilts and tournaments, hung up here for a memorial.
IX. Different instruments of music, upon one of which two persons may perform at the same time.
X. A piece of clock-work, an Æthiop riding upon a rhinoceros, with four attendants, who all make their obeisance, when it strikes the hour; these are all put into motion by winding up the machine.”
In short, at the entrance into the park, from Whitehall, was this romantic inscription, which the honourable Horatio Walpole supposes might allude to Philip II. who wooed the Queen after her sister’s death, and to the destruction of his armada.
_Ictus piscator tandem sapit,_ _Sed infelix Actæon semper præceps._ _Casta virgo facilè miseretur;_ _Sed potens Dea scelus ulciscitur._ _Præda canibus, exemplum juvenibus,_ _Suis dedecus, pereat Actæon._ _Cura cœlitibus, chara mortatibus, suis securitas,_ _Vivat Diana._
Thus englished:
The fisherman who has been wounded, learns, though late, to beware; But the unfortunate Actæon always presses on. The chaste virgin naturally pitied; But the powerful goddess revenged the wrong. Let Actæon fall a prey to his dogs, An example to youth, A disgrace to those that belong to him! May Diana live the care of heaven; The delight of mortals; The security of those that belong to her!
_Hentzner’s journey into England._
But to proceed, in the reign of King James I. the old banquetting house, which was then used for public entertainments, being much decayed, that Prince formed the design of pulling down the whole palace of Whitehall, and erecting in its room an edifice worthy the Kings of England: a most noble plan was actually drawn for that purpose, by the celebrated Inigo Jones, and this plan being finished, the old banquetting house was demolished, and the present elegant structure erected in its room. This was to have been but a small part of the intended work; but it was all that was performed; and the old palace continued still the residence of our Kings, till it was destroyed by fire in 1697: and has never yet been rebuilt. See the article BANQUETTING HOUSE.
As this was esteemed the principal palace, and that of St. James’s only an additional, though there have been long no remains of it left, and there are several houses of the nobility and other buildings scattered about the place where it stood, it is still considered in the same light; the great offices are kept in some of these detached edifices, and all public business is still dated from Whitehall.
WHITEHALL _gate_. The gate here represented and the house adjoining have since the engraving this print been pulled down to render the street more spacious and convenient. It belonged, as was observed in the preceding article, to the old palace of Whitehall, and was built by Henry VIII. from a design of Hans Holbein the celebrated painter. Here were on each side four bustos in front with ornamented mouldings round them of baked clay in proper colours, and glazed in the manner of delf ware, which has preserved them intire to this time, whereas the festoons of stone in the banquetting house, which was built much later, are so corroded as to be scarce intelligible.
WHITEHALL _stairs_, Whitehall.
WHITE HART _alley_, Leadenhall street.*
WHITE HART _buildings_, the corner of Drury lane.*
WHITE HART _court_, 1. Barnaby street*: 2. Bishopsgate street without.* 3. Broad street.* 4. Castle street, Leicester Fields.* 5. Cat alley, Long lane, Smithfield.* 6. Leadenhall street.* 7. Old street.* 8. Whitechapel.*
WHITE HART _inn yard_, in the Borough.*
WHITE HART _lane_, Broadway, Westminster.*
WHITE HART _row_, 1. Baker’s row.* 2. Bell lane.* 3. Hackney road.*
WHITE HART _stairs_, Lambeth.*
WHITE HART _street_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. Warwick lane, Newgate street.*
WHITE HART _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Broad way, Westminster.* 3. Charterhouse lane, by Hicks’s hall.* 4. Drury lane.* 5. Fore street.* 6. Gracechurch street.* 7. Islington.* 8. Long Acre.* 9. Lower East Smithfield.* 10. Newington Butts.* 11. Whitecross street.*
WHITE HIND _court_, 1. Bishopsgate street, without.* 2. Coleman street.*
WHITE HIND _yard_, Hoxton.*
WHITE HORN _court_, near new Gravel lane.*
WHITE HORSE _alley_, 1. Arundel street in the Strand.* 2. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 3. Chick lane, Smithfield.* 4. Cowcross, near Smithfield.* 5. Fenchurch street.* 6. Fleet market.* 7. Great Eastcheap.* 8. near Guy of Warwick court, Upper ground, Southwark.* 9. St. John’s street, Smithfield.* 10. Kent street, Southwark.* 11. Turnmill street.*
WHITE HORSE _court_, 1. Addle Hill.* 2. Barnaby street.* 3. Borough.* 4. Fore street.* 5. Kent street. 6. King street, Westminster.* 7. Rosemary lane.* 8. Whitecross street.*
WHITE HORSE _inn meal market_, near Holbourn.*
WHITE HORSE _inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.*
WHITE HORSE _lane_, 1. Mile-End Old Town.* 2. White horse street, Ratcliff.*
WHITE HORSE _passage_, Great Swallow street.*
WHITE HORSE _street_, 1. Hide Park road.* 2. Queen street.* 3. Ratcliff.*
WHITE HORSE _yard_, 1. Aldersgate.* 2. Blackman street, Southwark.* 3. Berry street.* 4. Chiswell street.* 5. Coleman street.* 6. Drury lane.* 7. Duke’s street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.* 8. East Smithfield.* 9. Fan’s alley, Goswell street.* 10. Fetter lane, Fleet street.* 11. Islington road, St. John’s street.* 12. Kent street, Southwark.* 13. King street, Oxford street.* 14. London wall.* 15. Love lane.* 16. Lower East Smithfield.* 17. Pear Tree street, Brick lane, Old street.* 18. Piccadilly.* 19. Pickax street.* 20. Ratcliff Highway.* 21. Rosemary lane, Little Tower Hill.* 22. Seething lane, Tower street.* 23. Upper Ground street, Southwark.*
WHITEHOUSE’S _court_, St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.†
WHITE LION _alley_, Birching lane, Cornhill.*
WHITE LION _court_, 1. Addle hill, Thames street.* 2. Barbican, Aldersgate street.* 3. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 4. Birching lane.* 5. Blossom’s street, Norton Falgate.* 6. Broad street by the east end of Throgmorton street.* 7. Carpenter’s yard, London wall.* 8. Charterhouse lane, near Smithfield.* 9. Corn hill.* 10. Fleet street.* 11. New street: 12. Newtoners lane: 13. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 14. in the Savoy.* 15. Throgmorton street, Lothbury.* 16. Tower street.*
WHITE LION _street_, 1. Norton Falgate, by Shoreditch.* 2. St. George’s Fields.* 3. Rag Fair.*
WHITE LION _wharf_, Thames street.*
WHITE LION _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Narrow street, Limehouse.* 3. Norton Falgate.* 4. Upper Shadwell.*
WHITE ROSE _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
WHITE ROSE _court_, Coleman street.*
WHITE _row_, Bell lane, Spitalfields.
WHITENING _ground_, near Maiden lane: 2. Morgan’s lane, Southwark.
WHITE SWAN _coach yard_, Blackman street.*
WHITE SWAN _court_, Newgate street.*
WHITE SWAN _stairs_, near Thames street.*
WHITE SWAN _yard_, Shoreditch.*
WHITE’S _alley_, 1. Bond’s stables, by Fetter lane.† 2. St. Catharine’s court, St. Catharine’s.† 3. Chancery lane.† 4. Between Swan alley, and Great Bell alley, Coleman street.† 5. Holbourn.† 6. Little Moor fields.† 7. Long ditch, Westminster.† 8. Middle Moor fields.†
WHITE’S _court_, Vine yard, St. Olave’s street.†
WHITE’S _ground_, Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, Southwark.†
WHITE’S _rents_, Fore street, Limehouse.†
WHITE’S _row_, Baker’s row.†
WHITE’S _street_, 1. Blackman street.† 2. Houndsditch.† 3. Rotherhith.† 4. Horselydown.† 5. Pelham street, Spitalfields.†
WHITE’S _yard_, 1. East Smithfield.† 2. Green walk, Southwark.† 3. Lamb alley.† 4. Rosemary lane.† 5. Whitecross street.†
WHITING’S _alley_, 1. Morgan’s lane.† 2. near Tooley street, Southwark.†
WHITTAL’S _rents_, Long lane.†
WHITTINGTON’S ALMSHOUSE, Sir Richard Whittington several times Mayor of this city, about the year 1413, founded a college on the north side of the church of St. Michael Pater Noster, for a master, four fellows, clerks, choristers, _&c._ together with an almshouse for thirteen poor men; one of whom to be tutor, with a salary of 1_s._ 4_d._ per week, and the twelve others 1_s._ 2_d._ each, with necessary provisions. The college was dissolved by act of parliament in the reign of Edward VI. but the almshouse situated upon College hill still remains under the direction of the mercers company; who, besides a handsome room for the use of each of the pensioners, allow them 3_s._ 10_d._ per week, and the men every third year coats and breeches, and the women, who are now also admitted, have gowns and petticoats. _Stow’s Survey._
WHORE’S NEST, Harrow corner.║
WICKHAM’S _court_, Great Wild street.†
WIDEGATE _alley_, Bishopsgate street without.
WIGAN’S _court_, Church lane, Limehouse.†
WIGAN’S _key_, Thames street.†
WIGHTMAN’S _alley_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.†
WIGMORE _row_, Marybone fields.
WIGMORE _street_, Wellbeck street, near Marybone fields.
WILDAY’S _wharf_, Cock hill, Ratcliff.†
WILD _court_, Great Wild street.†
WILDERNESS _lane_, Salisbury court, Fleet street.
WILDERNESS _row_, Chelsea.
WILD-GOOSE _alley_, Thames street.*
WILD’S _passage_, Drury lane.†
WILD’S _rents_. Long lane Southwark.†
WILLIAMS’S _court_, New Gravel lane.†
_Dr._ WILLIAMS’S LIBRARY, in Redcross street, Cripplegate, for the use of the dissenting ministers, of the presbyterian, independant and baptist persuasions, was founded by Daniel Williams, D. D. a presbyterian divine, who in 1711, among other considerable legacies, bequeathed his valuable collection of books and manuscripts for the above purpose, with a handsome salary for a librarian and a housekeeper, in pursuance of his will a neat building was erected in Redcross street, with a genteel apartment for the librarian, _&c._ and a spacious room capable of containing 40,000 volumes. The original library has been augmented by many thousand volumes presented to it.
This library is under the direction of twenty-three trustees, fourteen of whom are ministers, and nine of them lay gentlemen; but all of the presbyterian denomination: with a secretary and a steward.
In this library is a register, wherein parents may enter the birth of their children. This is of the greater use to the dissenters, as few or none of the dissenting meeting houses have any register of christenings, and as a great body of them do not allow of the baptising of infants. Here also are some curiosities, as an Egyptian mummy, and a glass bason, which held the water wherewith Queen Elizabeth was baptized. This last is kept in a bag, whereon is fixed a paper that shews how this bason came into the possession of the managers of the library.
WILLIAMS’S _rents_, Millbank, Westminster Horseferry.†
WILLIFRID’S _rents_, Shad Thames, Horselydown.†
WILLOW _street_, Bank-side, Southwark.‡
WILLOW-TREE _alley_, 1. Nightingale lane.‡ 2. Wapping dock.‡
WILLOW-TREE _court_, 1. Charter House lane.‡ 2. Lower Shadwell.‡
WILLOW-TREE _yard_, Maudlin’s rents.‡
WILSON’S _alley_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
WILSON’S _court_, Rosemary lane, Little Tower Hill.†
WILTSHIRE _lane_, East Smithfield.
WIMBLETON, a village in Surrey, three miles south of Putney church, where Ethelbert King of Kent was defeated in a battle by Ceaulin the West Saxon, in the year 568. Wimbleton house stands about half a mile south from the road on Wimbleton common; it was built by Sir Thomas Cecil, son of the Lord Treasurer Burleigh, in the year 1588, and was afterwards General Lambert’s, who had here the finest flower garden in England. The manor of Wimbleton was purchased by Sarah Churchill, Duchess Dowager of Marlborough, who left it to the late John Spencer, Esq; brother to the late Duke of Marlborough, together with a fine seat she built here, which is adorned with a grand terrace walk, that extends from the house to the seat of Sir Abraham Janssen, Bart. and has a fine prospect to the south. Wimbleton common or heath which is supposed to be as high as Hampstead heath, is about a mile each way, and is adorned on the sides with several handsome seats.
WIMPLE _mews_, Wimple street.