Part 12

PRIVY SEAL OFFICE, Whitehall. An office under the government of the Lord Privy Seal, a great officer, next in dignity to the Lord President of the Council, who keeps the King’s privy seal, which is set to such grants as pass the great seal of England. The Lord Privy Seal has a salary of 3000_l._ _per annum_. Under him are three Deputies, a Secretary, and three Clerks; but these Clerks have no salaries; they have however considerable fees, and 30_l._ a year board wages.

PROBIN’S _yard_, Blackman street, Southwark.†

PROTONOTARIES, or PROTHONOTARIES, in the court of Common Pleas. The word is derived from _Protonotarius_, a chief Notary or Clerk; and they are accordingly the chief Clerks of this court. They enter and enrol all declarations, pleadings, assizes, judgments, and actions; and make out judicial writs, &c. for all English counties, except Monmouth. They are three in number, and have each separate offices, one in the Middle Temple, another in King’s Bench Walks, and the other in Searle’s court, Lincoln’s Inn. In these offices all the Attorneys of the court of Common Pleas enter their causes.

Each of these Protonotaries has a Secondary, whose office is, to draw up the rules of court, and these were formerly the ancientest and ablest Clerks or Attorneys of the court.

PROTONOTARY’S, or PROTHONOTARY’S _Office in Chancery_, is kept in Middle Temple lane, and is chiefly to expedite commissions for embassies.

PROVIDENCE _court_, North Audley street.

PROVIDENCE _yard_, Peter street, Westminster.

PRUJEAN’S _court_, in the Old Bailey.†

PRUSON’S _island_, Near New Gravel lane.†

PUDDING _lane_, Thames street. In this lane the fire of London broke out, at a house situated exactly at the same distance from the Monument as that is high. Upon this house, which is rebuilt in a very handsome manner, was set up by authority the following inscription:

‘Here by the permission of Heaven, Hell broke loose upon this protestant city, from the malicious hearts of barbarous papists, by the hand of their agent HUBERT: who confessed, and on the ruins of this place declared his fact, for which he was hanged, viz. That here began the dreadful fire, which is described and perpetuated, on and by the neighbouring pillar, erected 1681—in the mayoralty of Sir Patience Ward, Knt.’

But the inhabitants being incommoded by the many people who came to look at the house, and read this board, it was taken down a few years ago.

PUDDLE _dock_, Thames street. There was anciently a descent into the Thames in this place, where horses used to be watered; who raising the mud with their feet, made the place like a puddle; from this circumstance, and from a person named Puddle dwelling there, this dock, according to Maitland, obtained its present name.

PUDDLE DOCK _hill_, Great Carter lane.

PUDDLE DOCK _stairs_, Puddle dock.

PULTNEY _court_, Little Windmill street.

PULTNEY _street_, 1. Brewer’s street.† 2. Knave’s Acre.†

PUMP _alley_, 1. Brown’s street.☐ 2. Gardener’s lane, Petty France, Westminster.☐ 3. Green bank, Wapping.☐ 4. Perkins’s rents, Peter street, Soho.☐ 5. Quaker street, Spitalfields.☐ 6. Queen street in the Park, Southwark.☐ 7. Red lion street, Wapping dock.☐ 8. Near Whitecross street, Cripplegate.☐

PUMP _court_, 1. Bridgewater gardens.☐ 2. Charing Cross.☐ 3. Crutched Friars.☐ 4. Glasshouse yard.☐ 5. Holland street.† 6. Jacob’s street, Mill street.☐ 7. Inner Temple.☐ 8. Long alley, Shoreditch.☐ 9. The Minories.☐ 10. Noble street, Foster lane.☐ 11. Rose and Crown court.☐ 12. Portpool lane.☐ 13. Queenhithe.☐ 14. Three Foxes court, Longlane, Smithfield.☐ 15. White Hart yard, Drury lane.☐ 16. White’s alley.☐

PUMP _yard_, 1. Near Aldersgate Bars.☐ 2. Church lane.☐ 3. Golden lane.☐ 4. Gravel lane.☐ 5. King John’s court, Southwark.☐ 6. Newington Butts.☐ 7. In the Orchard, Ratcliff.☐ 8. Pump alley, Chequer alley.☐ 9. Three Colts street.† 10. Whitehorse alley, Cow Cross.☐

PUNCH BOWL _alley_, Moorfields Quarters.*

PUNCH _court_, Thrall street, Spitalfields.

PURFORD. See PYRFORD.

PURSE _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Old Change, Cheapside.*

PUTNEY, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, five miles south west of London, famous for being the birth place of Thomas Cromwell Earl of Essex, whose father was a blacksmith here. About this village the citizens of London have many pretty seats; and on Putney Heath is a public house, noted for polite assemblies, and in the summer season for breakfasting and dancing, and for one of the pleasantest bowling greens in England. Here is an old church erected after the same model with that of Fulham, on the opposite shore, and they are both said to have been built by two sisters.

That part of Putney which joins to the Heath, commands a fine view both up and down the river Thames.

PYE _corner_, Smithfield.

PYE _garden_, near Willow street, Bank side, Southwark.

PYE _street_, Westminster.

PYRFORD, or PURFORD, in Surry, the fine seat of the late Denzil Onslow, Esq; situated two miles from Guilford, on the banks of the Wey. It is rendered extremely pleasant, by the beautiful intermixture of wood and water, in the park, gardens, and grounds adjoining. By the park is a decoy, the first of the kind in this part of England.

Q.

QUAKERS, a body of dissenters who have the following places of worship in this metropolis:

1. Devonshire street, Bishopsgate street. 2. Ewer’s street, Southwark. 3. Fair street, Horselydown. 4. Little Almonry, Westminster. 5. St. John’s lane. 6. Sandy’s court, Houndsditch. 7. School house lane, Ratcliff. 8. Savoy in the Strand. 9. Wapping. 10. White hart yard, Gracechurch street. 11. Workhouse, Clerkenwell.

QUAKERS _street_, Spitalfields.

QUAKERS WORKHOUSE, in Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, contains about eighteen or twenty old men and women; but they are not confined to any number. These are provided with all the necessaries of life in a very decent manner: as are also forty boys and twenty girls; who are not only taught reading, writing and arithmetic; but to spin, sew, knit, and make thrum-mops, &c. in order to inure them to early labour: the boys, when put out apprentice, have 5_l._ given with each. These children are cloathed in very good cloth and callimancoes, and supported at the expence of about 600_l._ _per annum_.

QUALITY _court_, Chancery lane.

QUART POT _alley_, George street, Petty France, Westminster.*

QUEEN ANNE’S _street_, a very handsome regular street, building north of Cavendish square, and parallel to that and Wigmore street. It being built on the estate of the late Lord Harley, Earl of Oxford, it received its name in honour of his Royal Mistress.

QUEEN ELIZABETH’S _School_, in School house lane, Tooley street, Southwark, was founded by that Princess, for instructing the boys of St. Olave’s parish in English, grammar and writing.

This school generally consists of near three hundred boys, for the teaching of whom the master of the grammar school has a salary of 61_l._ _per annum_; his usher 41_l._ 10_s._ the writing-master has 60_l._ out of which he is obliged to supply the school with pens and ink; the English master has 37_l._ 10_s._ and his usher 20_l._ These sums, together amounting to 220_l. per annum_, are chiefly raised from an estate in Horselydown, which, pursuant to the letters of incorporation, is, with the school, under the management of sixteen of the parishioners. _Maitland._

QUEENHITHE, in Thames street, a hithe or harbour for large boats, lighters, barges, and even ships, which anciently anchored at that place, as they do now at Billingsgate, the draw-bridge being drawn up for their passage through; Queenhithe being then the principal key for lading and unlading in the heart of the city. Hither vast numbers of these vessels came laden with corn, as the barges do now with malt and meal, this being the great meal market of the city.

QUEENHITHE _alley_, near Thames street.

QUEENHITHE _stairs_, Queenhithe.

QUEENHITHE _little stairs_, Queenhithe.

QUEENHITHE WARD, is bounded on the north by Bread street ward, and Cordwainers ward; on the east by Dowgate ward; on the south by the Thames, and on the west by Baynard’s castle ward. The principal streets and lanes in this ward, are, next to Queenhithe, a part of Thames street, from St. Bennet’s hill to Townsend lane; Lambert hill, Fish street hill, Five foot lane, Bread street hill, Huggen lane, Little Trinity, with the south side of Great Trinity lane, and Old Fish street.

The most remarkable buildings, are the parish churches of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, St. Mary Somerset, and St. Michael’s Queenhithe; Painterstainers hall, and Blacksmiths hall.

This ward is governed by an Alderman and six Common Council men, including the Alderman’s Deputy; thirteen inquest men, eight scavengers, nine constables, and a beadle. The jury-men returned by the Wardmote inquest, serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of October. _Maitland._

QUEEN’S ARMS _alley_, 1. Shoe lane.* 2. Shoreditch.*

QUEEN’S ARMS _court_, Upper Ground.*

QUEEN’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield.* 2. Great Queen street.* 3. High Holborn.* 4. King street, Covent Garden.*

QUEEN’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Hoxton.* 2. Newgate street.* 3. Shadwell.* 4. Wapping.* 5. Whitechapel.*

QUEEN’S HEAD _court_, 1. Fleet street.* 2. Giltspur street.* 3. Gray’s Inn lane.* 4. Great Windmill street.* 5. High Holborn.* 6. King street, Covent Garden.* 7. Pye corner.* 8. In the Strand.* 9. Turn again lane.*

QUEEN’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn.* 2. White Horse street.*

QUEEN’S LIBRARY, a handsome building erected by that learned Princess her late Majesty Queen Caroline, into which books were put in the month of October 1737. This is a very noble room, furnished with a choice collection of modern books in several languages, consisting of about 4500, finely bound, and placed in great order, with brass net-work before them. _Maitland._

QUEEN’S _square_, 1. St. James’s Park. 2. Little Bartholomew close. 3. Ormond street, by Red Lion street, Holborn. This, as a late writer justly observes, is an area of a peculiar kind, it being left open on one side for the sake of the beautiful landscape formed by the hills of Highgate and Hampstead, together with the adjacent fields. A delicacy worthy, as it is an advantage to the inhabitants, and a beauty even with regard to the square itself.

QUEEN’S SQUARE _street_, Long Ditch, Westminster.

QUEEN _street_. Many of these streets were thus named after the restoration, in honour of the royal family. 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Opposite King street in Cheapside; this street was widened, and had its name changed to Queen street, by act of Parliament, after the fire of London. 3. Great Russel street, Bloomsbury. 4. Great Windmill street. 5. Hog lane, St. Giles’s. 6. Hoxton. 7. Long Ditch, Westminster. 8. In the Mint, Southwark. 9. Moorfields. 10. Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 11. Old Paradise street, Rotherhith. 12. Oxford street. 13. In the Park, Southwark. 14. Ratcliff. 15. Redcross street, Southwark. 16. Rosemary lane. 17. Rotherhith. 18. Seven Dials. 19. Soho square. 20. Tower hill. 21. Mews, Great Queen street.

QUICKAPPLE’S _alley_, Bishopsgate street without.†

QUIET _row_, Red Lion street.

R.

RACKET _court_, Fleet street.

RAG _alley_, Golden lane, Redcross street.

RAG FAIR, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Rosemary lane. Here old cloaths are sold every day, by multitudes of people standing in the streets; there is here a place called the ‘Change, where all the shops sell old cloaths: it is remarkable that many of the old cloaths shops in Rosemary lane, where this daily market is kept, deal for several thousand pounds a year.

RAG _street_, Hockley in the hole.

RAGDALE _court_, Millman street, near Red Lion street, Holborn.

RAGGED _row_, Goswell street.‖

RAGGED STAFF _alley_, Fleet street.*

RAGGED STAFF _court_, Drury lane.*

RAINDEER _court_, in the Strand.*

RAINE’S _Hospital_, in Fowden Fields in the parish of St. George, Ratcliff Highway, a handsome building erected by Mr. Henry Raine, brewer, in the year 1737, who endowed it by a deed of gift with a perpetual annuity of 240_l._ _per annum_, and added the sum of 4000_l._ in South sea annuities, amounting to about 4400_l._ to be laid out in a purchase.

The children of this hospital, which contains forty-eight girls, are taken out of a parish school almost contiguous to it, erected in the year 1719, by the above Mr. Raine, at the expence of about 2000_l._ and he likewise endowed it with a perpetual annuity of 60_l._

The children are supplied with all the necessaries of life, and taught to read, write, sew, and household work, to qualify them for service, to which they are put, after having been three years upon the foundation. _Maitland._

RALPH’S _key_, Thames street.

RAM _alley_, 1. Cock lane.* 2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 3. St. John’s street, Spitalfields.* 4. Rotherhith Wall.* 5. Wright street, Rotherhith.*

RAM’S HEAD _court_, Moor lane, Fore street, Moorgate.*

RAMSAY’S _Almshouse_, in Horns yard, Cloth Fair, was founded by Dame Mary Ramsey, relict of Mr. Thomas Ramsey, some time Lord Mayor, about the year 1596, for three poor women, who formerly received coals and cloaths; but at present only 2_s._ _per_ week each. _Maitland._

RAMPANT LION _yard_, Nightingale lane.*

RANDAL _alley_, Rotherhith Wall.†

RANELAGH GARDENS, at Chelsea; so called from their formerly belonging to the Earl of Ranelagh. This is one of those public places of pleasure which is not to be equalled in Europe, and is the resort of people of the first quality. Though its gardens are beautiful, it is more to be admired for the amphitheatre. This is a circular building, the external diameter is 185 feet, round the whole is an arcade, and over that a gallery with a balustrade (to admit the company into the upper boxes) except where the entrances break the continuity. Over this are the windows (as may be seen in the print) and it terminates with the roof. The internal diameter is 150 feet, and the architecture of the inside corresponds with the outside, except that over every column, between the windows, termini support the roof. In the middle of the area, where the orchestra was at first designed, is a chimney having four faces. This makes it warm and comfortable in bad weather. The orchestra fills up the place of one of the entrances. The entertainment consists of a fine band of music with an organ, accompanied by the best voices. The regale is tea and coffee.

RANGER’S _yard_, York street, Jermain street.†

RAT _alley_, Great Eastcheap.*

RATCLIFF, by Upper Shadwell.

RATCLIFF SCHOOL, was founded by Nicholas Gibson, Sheriff of this city, in the year 1537, for the education of sixty poor children; the master had a salary of 10_l._ and the usher 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, at that time very considerable sums: at present the master has 23_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ and the usher 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ a year. This house belonging to the adjoining almshouses, is under the management of the Coopers company. _Maitland._

RATCLIFF _cross_, Ratcliff.

RATCLIFF _highway_, near Upper Shadwell.

RATCLIFF HIGHWAY _street_, Shadwell.

RATCLIFF _row_, near Old Street.†

RATCLIFF _square_, Ratcliff.†

RATHBONE _place_, Oxford street.

RAY’S _court_, Cross lane, Lukener’s lane.†

READ’S _rents_, Long lane, Smithfield.†

REBECCA’S _yard_, East Smithfield.

REBEL’S _row_, near St. George’s church, Southwark.

RECKMAN’S _rents_, Limehouse bridge.†

RECORD OFFICE, in the Tower, is kept in Wakefield’s Tower, which joins to the Bloody Tower, near Traitor’s Gate; and consists of three rooms one above another, and a large round room where the rolls are kept. These are all handsomely wainscoted, the wainscot being framed into presses round each room, within which are shelves, and repositories for the records; and for the easier finding of them, the year of each reign is inscribed on the inside of these presses, and the records placed accordingly.

Within these presses, which amount to fifty-six in number, are deposited all the rolls from the first year of the reign of King John, to the beginning of the reign of Richard III. but those after this last period are kept in the Rolls chapel. See ROLLS _Office_.

The records in the Tower, among other things, contain, the foundation of abbies, and other religious houses; the ancient tenures of all the lands in England, with a survey of the manors; the original of our laws and statutes; proceedings of the courts of common law and equity; the rights of England to the dominion of the British seas; leagues and treaties with foreign Princes; the achievements of England in foreign wars; the settlement of Ireland, as to law and dominion; the forms of submission of the Scottish Kings; ancient grants of our Kings to their subjects; privileges and immunities granted to cities and corporations during the period abovementioned; enrollments of charters and deeds made before the conquest; the bounds of all the forests in England, with the several respective rights of the inhabitants to common of pasture, and many other important records, all regularly disposed, and referred to in near a thousand folio indexes. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Strype’s Stowe._

This office is kept open, and attendance constantly given, from seven o’clock till one, except in the months of December, January, and February, when it is open only from eight to one, except on Sundays and holidays. A search here is half a guinea, for which you may peruse any one subject a year.

RECORDER _of London_. This officer ought always to be a learned Lawyer, well versed in the customs of the city. He is not only the chief Assistant to the Lord Mayor in matters of law and justice; but takes place in councils and in courts before any man that hath not been Lord Mayor: he speaks in the name of the City upon extraordinary occasions; usually reads and presents their addresses to the King; and when seated upon the bench delivers the sentence of the court. _Maitland._

RED BULL _alley_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. St. Olave’s street, Southwark.* 3. Thames street.*

RED BULL _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Red Bull alley.*

RED BULL _yard_, 1. Ailesbury street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.* 2. Islington.*

RED COW _alley_, 1. Church lane, Rag Fair.* 2. Old street.*

RED COW _court_, 1. Church lane, Caple street.* 2. Rotherhithe Wall.*

RED COW _lane_, Mile-end turnpike.*

REDCROSS _alley_, 1. Jewin street, Redcross street. 2. By London Bridge. 3. Long Ditch, Westminster. 4. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark. 5. Old street. 6. Redcross street, in the Mint.

REDCROSS _court_, 1. Cow lane. 2. In the Minories. 3. Old Bailey. 4. Tower street.

REDCROSS STREET LIBRARY. See _Dr._ WILLIAMS’S LIBRARY.

REDCROSS _square_, Jewin street.

REDCROSS _street_, 1. Extends from Cripplegate to Barbican: at the upper end of this street, opposite the west end of Beach lane, stood a red cross, which gave name to this street. _Maitland._ 2. Nightingale lane, East Smithfield. 3. In the Park, Southwark.

REDCROSS STREET SCHOOL, was founded in the year 1709, by Dame Eleanor Hollis, who endowed it with 62_l._ 3_s._ _per annum_, in ground rents; for the education of fifty poor girls; but by additional benefactions the revenue is increased to 80_l._ 2_s._ 8_d._ a year.

This school being kept in the same house with that of the parish boys of St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, it is generally taken for the parish girls charity school.

RED GATE _court_, in the Minories.

RED HART _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.*

REDHILL’S _rents_, Vine street.†

RED HORSE _yard_, Glasshouse yard.*

RED LION _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill.* 3. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 4. St. John’s street, Smithfield.* 5. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 6. In the Minories.* 7. Peter’s street, St. John’s street, Westminster.* 8. Thames street.* 9. Tower Ditch.* 10. Whitechapel.*

RED LION _back court_, Charterhouse lane.*

RED LION _court_, 1. Addle hill, by Thames street.* 2. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 3. Bennet’s hill, Thames street.* 4. Bennet’s street, Southwark.* 5. Brick lane.* 6. St. Catharine’s lane.* 7. Castle yard, Holborn.* 8. Charterhouse lane, by Charterhouse square.* 9. Cock lane, Snow hill.* 10. Drury lane.* 11. Fleet street.* 12. Grub street.* 13. Holiwell lane.* 14. Kingsland road.* 15. London Wall.* 16. Long Acre.* 17. Red Lion alley, St. Margaret’s hill.* 18. Red Lion street, Spitalfields.* 19. Long alley, Moor fields.* 20. Silver street, Cripplegate.* 21. Watling street, St. Paul’s church yard.* 22. Wheeler street, Spitalfields.* 23. White Hart yard.* 24. Windmill hill.*

RED LION _inn yard_, Bishopsgate street.*

RED LION _market_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

RED LION MARKET _passage_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

RED LION _mews_, Cavendish street.*

RED LION _passage_, Fetter lane.*

RED LION _square_, by Red Lion street, Holborn. A handsome square, adorned with a lofty obelisk placed upon a pedestal in the center.

RED LION _street_, 1. In the Borough.* 2. A very neat well-built street, leading to Clerkenwell.* 3. St. George’s Fields.* 4. High Holborn.* 5. Spitalfields market.* 6. Wapping.* 7. Whitechapel.*

RED LION _yard_, 1. Cavendish street.* 2. Church street, Lambeth.* 3. Great Warner’s street.* 4. Houndsditch.* 5. Long lane, Smithfield.* 6. Long Acre.* 7. Lower Shadwell.* 8. Red Lion street.* 9. Star street, Clerkenwell.*

RED MAID _lane_, near the Hermitage.*

RED ROSE _alley_, Whitecross street, Old street.*

RED WOOD _alley_, near Skinner’s street, Bishopsgate street without.

REDDISH _row_, Red Maid lane, Wapping.

REEVE’S _mews_, Audley street.†

REGISTER’S OFFICE _in Chancery_, Symond’s Inn, Chancery lane.

REGISTER OFFICE _of Deeds_, for the county of Middlesex, Bell yard, Fleet street.

_City_ REMEMBRANCER, an officer who on certain days attends the Lord Mayor. His business is to put his Lordship in mind of the select days when he is to go abroad with the Aldermen, &c. and to attend the parliament house during the sessions, in order to make a report to the Lord Mayor of what passes there.

_The King’s_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, in the Inner Temple. An office belonging to the court of Exchequer, in which there are eight sworn Clerks, two of whom are Secondaries.

Here are entered the state of all the accounts relating to the King’s revenue, for customs, excise, subsidies: all aids granted to the King in Parliament; and every thing relating to his Majesty’s revenue, whether certain or casual: all securities, either by bonds or recognizances, given to the King by accountants and officers: all proceedings upon any statute by information for customs, excise, or any other penal law: all proceedings upon the said bonds or recognizances, or any other bonds taken in the King’s name, by officers appointed for that purpose under the great seal of England, and transmitted hither for recovery thereof, are properly in this office, from whence issue forth process to cause all accountants to come in and account; For there being a court of equity in the court of Exchequer, all proceedings relating to it are in this office. _Chamberlain’s Present State._

_The Lord Treasurers_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, also belongs to the court of Exchequer. In this office process is made against all Sheriffs, Receivers, Bailiffs, &c. for their accounts, and many other things of moment, as estreats, rules, &c. All charters and letters patent, upon which any rents are referred to the King, are transcribed, and sent into this office by the Clerk of the petty bag, in order to be transmitted to the Clerk of the pipe, that process may be made to recover the money by the Comptroller of the pipe. Out of this office process is likewise made to levy the King’s fee farm rents, &c.