Part 15

KING’S LANGLEY, near Abbots Langley in Hertfordshire, received its name from a royal palace built here by King Henry III. the ruins of which are still to be seen. King Richard II. with his Queen, and many of the nobility kept a Christmas here, and in its monastery he was buried, though afterwards removed to Westminster by King Henry V. Here was also born and buried, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, the son of Edward III. and many others of that family.

KING’S _rents_, 1. Shad Thames.* 2. Whitecross street.*

KING’S OLD and NEW ROADS to Kensington, Hyde Park.

KING’S _road_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Gray’s Inn lane.

KING’S _row_, Shad Thames.†

KING’S _square_. See SOHO _square_.

KING’S SQUARE _court_, Dean street, Soho.

KING’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.†

KING _street_. Many of these streets first received their present name, after the restoration, in honour of King Charles II. or of monarchy in general. 1. Bartholomew hospital. 2. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 3. Opposite to Queen street, and leading from Cheapside to Guildhall; so called by the act of parliament, by which it was first ordered to be built after the fire of London. 4. Covent Garden. 5. Duke’s Place. 6. Foul lane, in the Borough. 7. Golden Square. 8. Near Grosvenor square. 9. High Holborn. 10. Hoxton square. 11. St. James’s square. 12. Little Tower hill. 13. Lowman’s street. 14. In the Mint. 15. Near Monmouth street. 16. New Gravel lane. 17. Old Greek street, Soho. 18. Old street square. 19. Oxford street. 20. Piccadilly. 21. Prince’s square. 22. Prince’s street, Soho. 23. Ratcliff Highway. 24. Rosemary lane. 25. Rotherhith wall. 26. Tooley street. 27. Upper Moorfields. 28. Westminster. 29. Wood’s Close, Compton street.

KING’S _street passage_, Little Tower hill.

KING’S _way_, Gray’s Inn lane.

KING’S WEIGH HOUSE. See WEIGH HOUSE.

KING’S _yard_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Leather lane, Holborn. 3. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.

KINGSBURY, at the west end of St. Alban’s in Hertfordshire, is thus named from the Saxon Kings frequently keeping their court there, till it was purchased by the monks of the neighbouring abbey.

KINGSLAND, a hamlet of the parish of Islington, lying between Hoxton and Clapton. Here was anciently an hospital for lepers, which is now appropriated to the cure of the venereal disease, and is an appendage to St. Bartholomew’s and St. Thomas’s hospitals. The edifice is a plain modern brick building, without ornamental decorations; it is large and proper for the use to which it is applied, and on the end of it is a dial, which has the following suitable motto, POST VOLUPTATEM MISERICORDIA; that is, _After pleasure comes pain_. This structure joins a little old chapel; but it is wisely contrived that the patients, who are obliged to attend divine service, can neither see nor be seen by the rest of the audience.

This hospital is called _The Lock_.

KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a Town in Surry, received its name from its having been the residence of several of our Saxon Kings, some of whom were crowned on a stage in the market place. It is a populous and well-built place, and in the reigns of Edward the Second and Third sent members to parliament. Here is a spacious church with eight bells, in which are the pictures of the Saxon Kings who were crowned here, and also that of King John, who gave the inhabitants of this town their first charter. Here is also a wooden bridge of twenty arches over the Thames; a free school erected and endowed by Queen Elizabeth; an almshouse built in 1670 by Aldermen Clive, for six men, and as many women, and endowed with land to the value of 80_l._ a year; and a charity school for thirty boys, who are all cloathed. The summer assizes for this county are generally held here, and there is a gallery on the top of a hill that overlooks the town. A house called Hircomb’s Place, in this town, was the seat of the famous Earl of Warwick, stiled The setter up and puller down of Kings. Besides the above bridge, there is another of brick over a stream, that flows from a spring which rises four miles above the town, and within the distance of a bow shot from its source, forms a brook that drives two mills. Here is a good market for corn, and the town carries on a considerable trade.

KINHAVEY’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

KINNERSLEY’S _yard_, Ratcliff highway.†

KIRBY’S _court_, 1. Foul lane, in the Borough.† 2. Chick lane, West Smithfield.†

KIRBY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.†

KIRBY’S _yard_, Curtain row, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†

KIRK’S _yard_, East Smithfield.†

KITTER’S _yard_, White Hart lane.†

KNAVE OF CLUBS _yard_, Old street.*

KNAVES _Acre_, Wardour street.‖

KNIGHTSBRIDGE, the first village from London in the great western road, is situated in the parishes of St. George’s Hanover square, and St. Margaret’s Westminster, but has a chapel independent of those parishes. Near the entrance of this village in the way from London, is the infirmary for the sick and wounded called St. George’s hospital. See _St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL.

KNIGHT’S _court_, 1. Back side St. Clement’s.† 2. Green walk.†

KNITNEEDLE _street_, Bloomsbury.

KNOCKFERGUS, Near Rosemary lane.

KNOLLEY’S _yard_, Hog lane.†

KNOWLES’S _court_, Little Carter lane.†

KNOWL HOUSE, near Sevenoak in Kent, is the seat of the Duke of Dorset. It is situated in the middle of a park, and is a handsome large stone fabric. There are some excellent pictures in the apartments.

KORBY’S _yard_, Hand alley, Petticoat lane.†

KREETCH’S _wharf_, Millbank.†

L.

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _court_, Old Fish street hill.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _hill_, Thames street.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _street_, Lower Shadwell.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _yard_, Thames street.*

LAD _court_, Moses alley, Willow street.

LAD _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.

LADDLE _court_, Cut Throat lane, Upper Shadwell.

LAD’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane.†

LADY _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. King street, Westminster.

LADY ALLEY _Almshouse_, in King street, Westminster, consists of four rooms for as many poor women, and is said to have been founded by a King or Queen of England, with an allowance out of the Exchequer of 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each. _Maitland._

LAMB _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Blackman street, by St. George’s church, Southwark.* 3. Goodman’s fields. 4. Monkwell street.† 5. In the Old Change.* 6. Saffron hill.* 7. Sherbourn lane, Lombard street.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. St. Giles’s Broadway.†

LAMB _court_, 1. Abchurch lane. 2. Clerkenwell. 3. Lamb alley, Southwark.

LAMB’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.†

LAMB’S CHAPEL, situated in a court to which it gives its name, at the north west corner of London wall, was founded in the reign of Edward I. and dedicated to St. James, when it was distinguished from other places of religious worship of the same name by the denomination of _St. James’s Chapel_, or _Hermitage on the wall_; from its being erected on or near the city wall in Monkwell street. At the dissolution of religious houses, King Henry VIII. granted this chapel to William Lamb, a rich clothworker, who bequeathed it, with other appurtenances, to the company of which he was a member, and from him it received its present name.

In this chapel the clothworkers company have four sermons preached to them upon four principal festivals in the year, viz. upon the feast of the annunciation of the blessed Virgin, March 25; on the feast of St. John Baptist, June 24; on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, Sept. 29; and on that of St. Thomas the Apostle, Dec. 21; upon which days the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the company, in conformity to the above Mr. Lamb’s will, go in their gowns to the chapel and hear a sermon; after which they relieve twelve poor men and as many women, by giving one shilling to each; and every Michaelmas they give to each a frize gown, a lockram shift, and a good pair of winter shoes.

LAMB’S CHAPEL _court_, Monkwell street.

LAMB’S CONDUIT, was according to Stow formed by the above-mentioned Mr. William Lamb, who having drawn together several springs of water to one head, at a place which is now the end of Red Lion street, in Holborn, erected a conduit there, and conveyed part of the water through leaden pipes the space of two thousand yards to Snow hill, where having rebuilt a ruinous conduit, which had been long disused, he laid the water into it. The whole expense of this work, which was finished March 26, 1577, amounted to 1500_l._ These conduits were built with stone, with a lamb on the top: the former of these little edifices gave its name to the adjacent fields, on which the Foundling hospital is built; but obstructing the view of that truly noble structure, it was taken down some years ago, and the water being conveyed to the side of the street, a descent is made to the spring head by a flight of stone steps. That on Snow hill has also been taken down, and a pump adorned with lamps placed in its room; the advantage the city receives from the New River water, rendering these structures, which were formerly of great advantage, entirely useless.

LAMB’S CONDUIT _Mews_, Millman street, Holborn.

LAMB’S CONDUIT _passage_, Red Lion street.†

LAMB’S _court_, Red Lion court.†

LAMB _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields.† 2. Turnmill street.†

LAMB’S _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate without.† 2. Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.

LAMBERT _hill_, generally called Lambeth hill, Thames street; was so called from Lambert the owner thereof. _Maitland._

LAMBERT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†

LAMBERT’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.†

LAMBETH, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, between Southwark and Battersea, and near the south end of London bridge; is particularly famous for its containing, for several ages, the palace of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This structure was originally formed by Baldwin, Archbishop of that see, in the year 1188; who first intended to have raised a superb structure at Hackington, near this place; but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the Pope’s mandate against it; when, taking down what he had erected, he removed the bell of the materials to Lambeth, with which he built the palace, a college and church, having before purchased the ground of the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by a fair exchange.

In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, having, by his arrogance, rendered himself hateful to the citizens of London, retired, for the security of his person, to this palace; and finding it in a ruinous condition, within the space of three years rebuilt the whole north side, the archi-episcopal apartments, the library and cloisters, the guard-chamber, the chapel, and Lollards tower.

From that time this palace became the residence of the greatest persons of the church, and was soon enlarged by many additional buildings: Cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that time, is a noble structure. The Lollards tower, which is thus named from a room in it prepared for the imprisonment of the followers of Wickliff, the first British reformer, who were called Lollards, was finished by Chichely, and remains a lasting memorial of his cruelty, and antichristian spirit. It is a small room, twelve feet broad and nine long, planked with elm, and there still remain eight rings and staples, to which Christians were chained, for presuming to differ in opinion from that prelate. The spacious hall was erected by Juxton, and the brick edifice between the gate and this hall was begun by Archbishop Sancroft, and finished by the immortal Tillotson.

From the present structure being thus erected at different periods, it is not at all surprizing that it has but little appearance of uniformity; but the edifice, tho’ old, is in most parts strong; the corners are faced with rustic, and the top surrounded with battlements; but the principal apartments are well proportioned, and well enlightened: the Gothic work about it is irregularly disposed, and it is in itself irregular. Some of the inner rooms are too close and confined; but there are many others open and pleasant in themselves, with the advantage of being convenient, and of affording very agreeable prospects. For as this palace is situated on the bank of the Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and, from the higher apartments, a prospect of the country each way.

The palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a very pretty picturesque appearance, and this is the view which is here given.

In this palace is a very fine library, founded in the year 1610, by Archbishop Sancroft, who left by will all his books, for the use of his successors in the archi-episcopal see of Canterbury. This library has been greatly increased by the benefactions of the Archbishops Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennyson, and consists of 617 volumes in manuscript, and above 14,500 printed books.

The church, which stands by the palace, is a very antique structure, dedicated to St. Mary. It has a square tower, and both that and the body of the church are crowned with battlements. In this parish are eight precincts, denominated the Archbishop’s, the Prince’s, Vauxhall, Kennington, the Marsh, the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean’s precinct. It is remarkable, that at Lambeth Wall is a spot of ground, containing an acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar’s acre, which has belonged to the parish from time immemorial, and is said to have been given by a pedlar, upon condition that his picture, with that of his dog, be perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the church; which the parishioners carefully performed in the south east window of the middle isle. _Maitland._

LAMBETH BUTTS, Lambeth.

LAMBETH MARSH, between Lambeth and Spring Gardens.

LAMBETH _road_, Newington Butts.

LAMBETH _School_, was founded by Richard Laurence, citizen and merchant of London, in the year 1661, for educating twenty poor children of the Marsh and Wall liberties of this parish, for which purpose he endowed it with 35_l._ _per annum_.

LAMBETH _stairs_, Lambeth.

LANCASTER _college_, in the parish of St. Gregory near St. Paul’s, was a hall founded by King Henry IV. and the executors of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; containing lodgings and a common hall for charity priests to officiate in a chapel, on the north side of the choir of St. Paul’s cathedral; but it was suppressed, and granted to one Mr. William Gunter, in the second year of Edward VI. _Maitland._

_Duchy of_ LANCASTER COURT, held at Gray’s Inn. This court owes its origin to King Henry IV. after his having deposed Richard II. when, possessing the duchy of Lancaster in right of his mother, he imagined his claim to it better than that to the throne, and therefore separated it from the Crown, and erected this court for its use. Here all matters of law and equity, belonging to the duchy or county palatine of Lancaster, are tried and determined by the Chancellor, who is the chief judge, and is assisted by his attorney general, and other officers. _Maitland._

_Duchy of_ LANCASTER LIBERTY, begins on the outside of Temple Bar, and extending along the south side of the Strand to the east side of Cecil street, reaches down it to the Thames, and thence to Essex Buildings, taking in all the houses to Temple Bar. On the north side it extends from Temple Bar to where the Maypole stood, and extending down Holiwell street, commonly called the back of St. Clement’s, passes by Butcher row, taking in all that range of buildings. Beyond the place of the Maypole, this liberty begins again by the Fountain tavern in Catharine street, and reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as Exeter exchange; then turning up Burleigh street, it runs up within four houses of the corner of Essex street, and, crossing it, proceeds into Catharine street, by the Fountain tavern. _Stow, last edit._

LANCASTER _court_, 1. New Bond street. 2. In the Strand.

LANCASTER _yard_, Holiwell street.

LAND OF PROMISE _lane_, Hoxton.

LANDRESS _alley_, Five feet lane.

LANE’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broadway.†

LANE’S _court_, Cold Bath square, by Cold Bath fields.†

LANGBOURN RIVULET, a brook which formerly took its rise in or near the east end of Fenchurch street, and ran with a swift current due west, to Sherbourn lane, at the west end of St. Mary Woolnoth; then dividing its stream into several rills, ran directly south, and was lost in the Wall Brook, on Dowgate hill. _Maitland._

LANGBOURN WARD, took its name from the Langbourn, or rivulet above-mentioned. It is bounded on the north by Aldgate and Lime street wards; on the west, by Wallbrook ward; on the south, by Candlewick, Bridge, Billingsgate, and Tower street wards; and on the east, by Aldgate ward. Its principal streets are great part of Fenchurch street, and Lombard street, Exchange alley, Birchinlane, &c.

The most remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Mary Woolnoth, St. Edmund the King, Allhallows Lombard street, and St. Dionis Backchurch; the General Post office, Pewterers hall, and the hall belonging to the Hudson’s Bay company.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, ten Common Council men, seventeen wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, fifteen constables, and a beadle; and the jurors returned by the wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of November.

LANGDON’S _rents_, Bett’s street.

LANGLEY PARK, near Langley Green, in Buckinghamshire, belongs to the Duke of Marlborough. The late Duke began to build a new house of stone in this park, but one of the wings is yet wanting to compleat the design, which is more remarkable for its elegance than grandeur.

LANGLEY _street_, 1. Long Acre.† 2. Whitecross street.†

LANG’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane.†

LASSINGBY’S _court_, Conduit court, Long Acre.†

LAST _alley_, 1. Cow Cross, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.*

LAST AND BALL _court_, London Wall.*

LATIMERS, a hamlet with a chapel of ease to Chesham in Bucks, received its name from its ancient Lords. In this hamlet lived Sir Edwyn Sands, whose daughter having four sons and nine daughters by her husband Sir Thomas Temple, ancestor of the present Earl Temple, lived to see 700 descended from her, and died in 1656. The Lord James Cavendish has here a seat.

LAVENDER _street_, near Cuckold’s Point.

LAUGHTON’S _rents_, Cinnamon street.†

_St._ LAWRENCE _Jewry_, on the north side of Cateaton street, in Cheap ward, is thus denominated from its being dedicated to St. Lawrence, a native of Huesca in the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, who, after having suffered the most dreadful torments under the Emperor Valerian, was cruelly broiled alive upon a gridiron, with a slow fire, till he died: and it received the additional epithet of Jewry, from its situation among the Jews, who formerly resided in the streets near that church; to distinguish it from St. Lawrence Poultney, now demolished. _Maitland._

This church being burnt, with many others, in the dreadful fire of London in 1666, was rebuilt at the parish expence, with a very considerable benefaction by Sir John Langham.

It is eighty-one feet long, sixty-eight broad, forty feet high to the roof, and the steeple 130 feet high. The body is enlightened by two series of windows, the lower ones large and uniform, and the upper small. At the east end is a pediment with niches supported by Corinthian columns. The tower, which is lofty, is terminated by a balustrade with plain pinnacles, and within this balustrade rises a kind of lanthorn, which supports the base of the spire.

This church is a vicarage in the gift of the Master and Scholars of Baliol college in Oxford, and the profits of the Incumbent are much augmented by the parish of St. Mary Magdalen Milk street being annexed to it: he receives 120_l._ a year from the parish, and 20_l._ from Baliol college.

LAWRENCE _lane_, 1. From Cheapside to Cateaton street, near the above church. 2. High street, St. Giles’s. 3. New street Lambeth.

_St._ LAWRENCE _Poultney_, on the west side of St. Lawrence Poultney’s lane, was so denominated from the above saint, and Mr. John Poultney, who founded a college there; but the church being consumed in the general conflagration in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was united to that of St. Mary Abchurch.

LAWRENCE POULTNEY _hill_, Canon street.†

LAWRENCE POULTNEY _lane_, Canon street.†

LEAD OFFICE, in Ingram’s court, Fenchurch street. This office belongs to a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King William and Queen Mary in the year 1692, under the title of _The Governor and Company for melting down lead with pit and sea coal_. By this patent they are empowered to raise a joint stock for the effectual carrying on the business of smelting, or drawing lead from the ore with sea coal instead of wood.

This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and twelve Assistants. _Maitland._

LEADENHALL, a very large building of great antiquity in Leadenhall street, with flat battlements leaded at the top, and a spacious square in the middle. In this edifice are the warehouse for the selling of leather, the Colchester baize hall, the meal warehouse, and the wool hall.

LEADENHALL MARKET, the largest market in the city of London, and perhaps in Europe, consists of five considerable squares, or courts, the first of which opens by a large Gothic gate into Leadenhall street. This court, which is surrounded by the buildings called Leadenhall, is surrounded with sheds for butchers, tanners, &c. As there is but little meat sold here except beef, this is called the Beef market. This square is on Tuesday a market for leather; on Thursdays the waggons from Colchester, and other parts, come with baize, &c. and the felmongers with wool; on Fridays it is a market for raw hides, and on Saturdays for beef.

Behind this market are two others separated by a range of buildings of a considerable length, with shops and rooms on each side. In both these are principally sold small meat, as mutton, veal, lamb, and pork, and some of the shops sell beef. In the easternmost of these markets is a market house supported on pillars, with vaults underneath, and rooms above, with a clock and a bell tower, and underneath are sold various sorts of provision. Beyond these is a very spacious market for fowl. There is another called the Herb-market, which has an entrance into Leadenhall street, but this does not succeed. The passages into the above markets from Lime street and Gracechurch street, are filled with the dealers in provisions of various kinds.

LEADENHALL _street_ extends from the end of Cornhill, at the corner of Gracechurch street, to Aldgate street within.

LEATHER _lane_, Holborn.

LEATHERDRESSERS _yard_, Paul’s Alley.