Part 11

In the center of this edifice is an arched passage into St. James’s Park, and the building over this has a pediment, in which are the King’s arms in bass relief. But this arch, as it is the passage of his Majesty to and from the house of Peers, should have been more lofty and noble. At each extreme of this center is a pavilion. But the cupola, which is not seen in the view represented in the plate of the Treasury, has but little to recommend it. The middle face of the cupola presents a dial; and the aperture in the lower part of this, and on the several stages of the other, are well calculated to break the plainness, without weakening the building, either in reality or appearance. The wings are plainer than the center. They each consist of a fore front, projecting a little, with ornamented windows in the principal story, and a plain one in the sides. Each has its pediment, with a circular window in the center: and the whole has a proper air of strength and plainness.

HORSE _walk_, Windmill hill, Moorfields.

HORSE AND CART _yard_, St. John’s street.

HORSEFERRY _bank_, Millbank, Westminster.

HORSEFERRY _lane_, Fore street, Lambeth.

HORSEFERRY _road_, Tothill fields.

HORSELYDOWN, Tooley street. All the tract called Horselydown, including the streets, square and lane of the same name, was originally a grazing ground, whence it was denominated _Horse Down_, which by corruption was changed to _Horselydown_. _Stow, last edit._

HORSELYDOWN _fair street_, near Free school street.

HORSELYDOWN _Old lane_, Horselydown.

HORSELYDOWN _square_, Shad Thames.

HORSELYDOWN _stairs_, Horselydown.

HORSELYDOWN _street_, St. Olave’s, Southwark.

HORSEMONGER _lane_, near Blackman street.

HORSESHOE _alley_, 1. Anchor street.* 2. Bank side, Southwark.* 3. Bunhill row.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Golden lane.* 6. Maiden lane.* 7. Moorfields.* 8. Petticoat lane. 9. Petty France. 10. Thread-needle street.* 11. Whitechapel.*

HORSESHOE ALLEY _stairs_, Bank side.*

HORSESHOE _court_, 1. Bridge yard, Tooley street.* 2. Clement’s lane, near Temple Bar.* 3. Cock lane, West Smithfield.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 6. Old street.* 7. Peter street, Hicks’s hall.* 8. Seething lane.*

HORSESHOE _passage_, Blowbladder street.*

HORSESHOE _yard_, 1. Brook street.* 2. Old Gravel lane.*

HOSIER _lane_, West Smithfield; so called from its being formerly inhabited by the hosiers. _Stow._

HOSKIN’S _court_, Hartshorn lane, in the Strand.†

HOSPITAL _passage_, leading from Christ’s hospital into Butcherhall lane.*

HOSPITAL _walk_, Hoxton.

HOUGHTON _street_, Clare market.†

HOTWATER _alley_, Paris Garden lane.

HOVEL, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.

HOUNDSDITCH, extends from Bishopsgate street without to Aldgate street within, and runs along the outside of the city wall. Here was formerly the city moat, which obtained the name of Houndsditch, from the number of dead dogs flung into it; and this ditch being filled up, the street built upon it obtained the same name. _Maitland._

HOUNSLOW, a village 12 miles north of London, on the edge of the heath of the same name, which is equally famous for horse-races and robberies. There are here a chapel and a charity school. The village belongs to two parishes, the north side of the street to Hefton, and the south to Isleworth. In this place was formerly a convent of mendicant friars, who by their institution were to beg alms for the ransom of captives taken by the infidels. On its dissolution by King Henry VIII. that Prince gave it to the Lord Windsor, and it was afterwards purchased by Mr. Auditor Roan.

HOUSEWIFE _alley_, Old Bethlem.

_Master of the_ HOUSHOLD. See the article MASTER OF THE HOUSHOLD.

HOWARD _street_, Norfolk street. Lord Arundel’s house stood there, and from thence both Arundel and Norfolk street had their names.

HOWARD’S _alley_, 1. Angel alley.† 2. Back street, Lambeth.† 3. Clerkenwell close.†

HOWARD’S CAUSEWAY _alley_, Narrow Wall.†

HOWFORD’S _court_, 1. Fenchurch street.† St. Nicholas lane, Lombard street.†

HOXTON, near Shoreditch. This was for many ages a village, and in the Conqueror’s Survey is named _Hocheston_: but by the increase of buildings it has been for some time past joined to this metropolis.

HOXTON _market_, Hoxton.

HOXTON _road_, Hoxton.

HOXTON _square_, Hoxton.

HOYLE’S _court_, Noble street, Foster lane.†

HUBBART’S _rents_, Houndsditch.†

HUBBART’S _yard_, Brown’s lane.†

HUCKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.†

HUDSON’S BAY _Company_. Though the extensive countries to which this Company trade, were discovered by Sir Sebastian Cabot, in the year 1497, yet this commerce does not seem to have been fully settled till after the year 1670, at which time King Charles II. by his letters patent incorporated the adventurers by the title of _The Governor and Company of the Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay_, and granted them and their successors for ever, all the streights, bays, seas, rivers, lakes, creeks, islands, shores, lands, territories and places whatsoever, within Hudson’s Streights and Hudson’s Bay.

This Company carry on a considerable trade to the above places by a joint stock, and have settled several small factories, to which the natives repair with their rich furs, skins, and other commodities of the country, which they exchange for those of England.

This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and seven Assistants, who have a hall which stands backward in the south side of Fenchurch street. This is a very fine brick building, adorned with pilasters, architraves, &c. _Maitland._

HUDSON’S _court_, 1. Tower hill.† 2. Vine street, Little Chandos street.†

HUET’S _court_, in the Strand.†

HUET’S _rents_, Grub street, Fore street.†

HUGGEN _alley_, 1. Wood street, Cheapside. 2. Huggen lane.

HUGGEN _lane_, Thames street.

HUGH’S _court_, Water lane, Black Friars.†

HULBERT’S _Almshouse_, a very handsome building contiguous to St. Peter’s hospital at Newington Butts. See FISHMONGERS _Almshouse_.

HUMFREY’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†

HUNGERFORD _market_, near the west end of the Strand, and at a small distance from the Thames. In this place was anciently a large house, with a garden, the seat of Sir Edward Hungerford, which he converted into buildings. There is here a good market house, and over it a French church: but the market house turns to little account, notwithstanding its convenient situation for the gardeners to land their greens, &c. at the stairs.

HUNGERFORD _stairs_, Hungerford market.†

HUNGERFORD STAIRS _passage_, Hungerford market.†

HUNGERFORD _street_, in the Strand, leading to the market.†

_Common_ HUNT. See COMMON.

HUNT’S _court_, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields.† 2. Hunt’s street.† 3. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

HUNT’S _rents_, Goswell street.†

HUNT’S _street_, Spicer’s street.†

HUNT’S _wharf_, near Thames street.†

HURST’S _gardens_, St. George’s fields.†

HUSBAND’S _street_, 1. Near Berwick street.† 2. By Knave’s acre.†

HUSSEY’S _alley_. Wood street.†

HUTCHINSON’S _wharf_, Milford lane.†

HYDON _square_, near the east end of the Minories.†

HYDON _square court_, Hydon square.†

HYDON _yard_, leading from the Minories to Hydon square.†

I J.

JACK ADAMS’S _alley_, Saffron hill.

JACK _alley_, Bow lane.

JACKANAPES _row_, Cheapside.

JACKSON’S _alley_, Bow street, Covent garden.†

JACKSON’S _Almshouse_, in College yard, Deadman’s Place, Southwark, was founded in the year 1685, by Mr. Henry Jackson, for two poor women, who have each an allowance of 1_s._ 8_d._ per week.

JACKSON’S _court_, 1. Black Friars.† 2. Gravel lane.† 3. White street.†

JACKSON’S _yard_, Gravel lane.†

JACK STRAW’S CASTLE _yard_, Saltpetre Bank.

JACOB’S _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Goswell street.† 3. Turnmill street.†

JACOB’S _court_, 1. Cow Cross.† 2. Peter street, Turnmill street.†

JACOB’S _street_, Mill street, Rotherhith.†

JACOB’S WELL _alley_, 1. Nightingale lane.* 2. Thames street.*

JACOB’S WELL _yard_, Nightingale lane.*

JAMAICA _street_, Rotherhith.

_St._ JAMES’S _Clerkenwell_, situated on the north side of Clerkenwell Green, is a part of the church of the ancient priory; and is thus denominated from its dedication to St. James the Minor, Bishop of Jerusalem. This priory was founded so early as the year 1100, and the church belonging to it not only served the nuns but the neighbouring inhabitants. The priory was dissolved by King Henry VIII. in the year 1539, and the church was immediately made parochial. See CLERKENWELL.

The steeple of this edifice being greatly decayed by age, a part of it fell down in the year 1623, upon which the parish contracted with a person to rebuild it; but the builder being desirous of getting as much as possible by the job, raised the new work upon the old foundation, and carried it on with the utmost expedition; but before it was entirely finished, it fell down, and destroyed part of the church, which were both soon after rebuilt, as they are at present.

This church is a very heavy structure, partly Gothic, which was the original form, and partly Tuscan. The body, though it has not the least appearance of elegance, is well enlightened, and the steeple consists of a low heavy tower crowned with a turret.

The church is a curacy in the gift of the parishioners.

_St._ JAMES’S _Duke’s Place_, near Aldgate, is a very old church, it having escaped the great conflagration in 1666, that was destructive, to so many others, and still remains in its original form. The body is well enlightened, and the tower, which is composed of four stages, is terminated by a very singular kind of turret in the form of a canopy.

This church is a curacy, the patronage of which being in the Lord Mayor and Commonalty of London, the parish claims a right of exemption from the Bishop of London’s jurisdiction, in matters ecclesiastical. The Incumbent receives about 60_l._ a year by tithes, and 13_l._ a year from the Chamber of London. _Maitland._

_St._ JAMES’S _Garlickhith_, is situated at the east end of Garlic Hill, and is thus denominated from its dedication to St. James one of the apostles, and its vicinity to a garlic market anciently held in this neighbourhood. This church being destroyed by the fire of London, the foundation of the present edifice was laid in the year 1676, and the church was finished in 1682. _Stow._

This church, which, as well as both the former, is built of stone, is well enlightened, and is seventy-five feet in length, and forty-five in breadth; the roof is forty feet high, and the steeple ninety-eight feet. The tower is divided into three stages; in the lowest is a very elegant door, with coupled columns of the Corinthian order: in the second stage is a pretty large window, and over it the form of a circular one not opened: over this, in the third story, is another window larger than any of the former, and the cornice above this supports a range of open work in the place of battlements, or a balustrade. From hence rises the turret, which is composed of four stages, and decorated with columns, scrolls, and other ornaments. The parts are all regular, and even elegant, but the whole is too massy. _English Architecture._

This church is a rectory, the patronage of which is in the Bishop of London. The Rector receives 100_l._ _per annum_, in lieu of tithes.

_St._ JAMES’S _Westminster_, by St. James’s square, is one of the churches that owes its rise to the increase of buildings and inhabitants; for the church of St. Martin’s in the Fields being too small for the inhabitants, and too remote from those in this quarter, the Earl of St. Alban’s, with other persons of distinction in that neighbourhood, erected this edifice at the expence of about 7000_l._ It was built in the reign of King Charles II. and tho’ a large fabric, was considered as a chapel of ease to St. Martin’s; but being consecrated in 1684, it was dedicated to St. James, in compliment to the name of the Duke of York, and the next year, when that Prince had ascended the throne, the district for which it was built, was by act of parliament separated from St. Martin’s, and made a distinct parish.

The walls are brick, supported by rustic quoins of stone; and the windows, which are large, are also cased with stone. The tower at the east end, rises regularly from the ground to a considerable height, and is crowned with a neat, well constructed spire.

This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Bishop of London. _Maitland._ _Stow._ _English Architecture._

JAMES _court_, 1. Berry street, Piccadilly. 2. James street, Featherstone street. 3. James street, Theobald’s row.

_St._ JAMES’S _Market_, by Market street, is a place of considerable extent, with a commodious market house in the middle, filled with butchers shops, &c. The stalls in the market place are for country butchers, higlers, &c.

_St._ JAMES’S _Palace_. On the place where this edifice stands, was once an hospital dedicated to St. James, originally founded by the citizens of London for only fourteen maids afflicted with the leprosy, who were to live a chaste and devout life; but afterwards new donations increased the extent of the charity, and eight brethren were added, to minister divine service. This hospital, which is mentioned in a manuscript of the Cotton library, so early as in the year 1100, was at length suppressed by King Henry VIII. who allowed the sisters pensions during the term of their lives, and taking down the edifice built a palace in its room, which retained the name of the hospital, and is still standing. In this edifice our Kings have resided ever since Whitehall was consumed by fire in 1697, and his Majesty usually resides here during the winter season: but though it is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Park, and has very convenient, and not inelegant apartments, it is an irregular brick building, without having one single beauty on the outside to recommend it, and is at once the contempt of foreign nations, and the disgrace of our own. In the front next St. James’s street, there appears little more than an old gatehouse; and on passing through the gate we enter a little square court, with a piazza on the west side of it leading to the grand stair case; the buildings are low, plain, and mean; and there are two other courts beyond, which have not much of the air of a palace. The windows however look into a pleasant garden, and command a view of St. James’s Park, which seem to be the only advantage this edifice enjoys, above many others devoted to charity. This palace claims a print, as it is the dwelling of a British Monarch, having otherwise not the least beauty to recommend it. The print shews both sides of it.

In other kingdoms the attention of foreigners is first struck with the magnificent residence of the Sovereign, on which all the decorations of architecture are lavished without the least regard to expence. The outside is grand and noble; and the galleries and apartments are adorned with all the boasted pieces of art, the finest efforts of genius, and the most rare and precious productions of nature: for the magnificence of the palace is intended to give an idea of the power and riches of the kingdom: but if the power, wealth and strength of the King of England should be judged from this palace, how great would be the mistake! We are however in no want of a design for an edifice suitable to the dignity of the British Crown; the celebrated Inigo Jones drew a draught of such a structure; but the ideas of that architect were greater than the spirit of the public, and the expence of building it has hitherto prevented its being begun: but as a taste for elegance in building gains ground, and new schemes are continually laid for building magnificent bridges, streets and squares, it is to be hoped that the erecting of so necessary a structure will not be much longer neglected: especially if it be considered, that however great the expence may be, it will cost the nation nothing, for on these occasions, what is given by the people is paid to the people.

_St._ JAMES’S PARK, was in the reign of Henry VIII. a wild wet field; but that Prince, on his building St. James’s palace, inclosed it, laid it out in walks, and collecting the waters together, gave to the new inclosed ground, and new raised building, the name of St. James. It was afterwards much enlarged and improved by King Charles II. who added to it several fields, planted it with rows of lime trees, laid out the Mall, which is a vista half a mile in length, and formed the canal, which is an hundred feet broad, and two thousand eight hundred feet long, with a decoy, and other ponds for water fowl. Succeeding Kings allowed the people the privilege of walking in it, and King William III. in 1699 granted the neighbouring inhabitants a passage into it out of Spring Garden.

It is certain that the Park enjoys a fine situation, and is laid out with a very agreeable air of negligence. It affords many pleasant walks, diversified by new scenes, varied by different rural prospects, and the view of distant structures on the west side.

_St._ JAMES’S _Place_, St. James’s street.

JAMES’S _rents_, Hermitage dock.†

JAMES’S _rope-walk_, 1. Red Maid lane.† 2. North of Bedford row.

_St._ JAMES’S _square_, is very large and beautiful; the area on the inside is encompassed with iron rails which form an octagon, and in the center is a fine circular bason of water. On the north side of the square is St. James’s church, in a very fine situation with respect to the prospect, and had it been an elegant structure, would have had a very noble effect. An ingenious author observes, that though this square appears extremely grand, yet this grandeur does not arise from the magnificence of the houses; but only from their regularity, the neatness of the pavement, and the beauty of the bason in the middle: and that if the houses were built more in taste, and the four sides exactly correspondent to each other, the effect would be much more surprising, and the pleasure arising from it more just.

_St._ JAMES’S _street_, Pall Mall.

JAMES _street_, 1. Brook’s street, New Bond street.† 2. Bunhill fields.† 3. Covent garden.† 4. Golden square.† 5. Hare street.† 6. Hay market.† 7. Hoxton.† 8. Long Acre.† 9, Near Theobald’s row.† 10. Petty France, Westminster.†

JANE _alley_, Blackman street.

JANE SHORE’S _alley_, Shoreditch. See SHOREDITCH.

JANE SHORE’S _yard_, Shoreditch.

JASPER _street_, Aldermanbury.†

IDLESTRY, a village in Hertfordshire, situated on the very edge of Middlesex, near Brockley hill, by Stanmore, which affords a delightful prospect across Middlesex over the Thames into Surry.

IDOL or IDLE _lane_, Tower street.

JEFFERIES’S _Almshouse_, a large and handsome building, situated in Kingsland road. It consists of a spacious front, with two wings, and a chapel in the center, which has a plain frontispiece, and is crowned with a well-proportioned turret. It was erected in the year 1713, by the Ironmongers company, pursuant to the will of Mr. Robert Jefferies, some time Lord Mayor of this city, for the reception of as many of his relations as should apply for this charity; and in case there were none of these, for fifty-six poor members of the company, who, besides a convenient room and part of a cellar, have each 6_l._ a year and a gown. _Maitland._

JEFFREY’S _buildings_, Westminster.†

JEFFREY’S _square_, St. Mary Ax.†

JENKIN’S _buildings_, Carey street.†

JENKIN’S _court_, Ropemakers fields.†

JERICHO _yard_, Jerusalem alley.

JERMAIN _court_, Jermain street.†

JERMAIN _street_, Near Piccadilly. This street and court were thus named from the Lord Jermine, nephew to the Earl of St. Alban’s.

JERUSALEM _alley_, Gracechurch street.

JERUSALEM _court_, 1. St. John’s street, West Smithfield. See _St._ JOHN’S SQUARE. 2. Shad Thames, Horselydown.

JERUSALEM _passage_, Ailesbury street, St. John’s street.

JERUSALEM _row_, Church street, Hackney.

JESUITS _ground_, Savoy.

JEWEL OFFICE, in the Tower, a dark strong stone room, about twenty yards to the eastward of the grand storehouse or new armoury, in which the Crown jewels are deposited. It is not certain whether they were always kept here, though they have been deposited in the Tower from very ancient times, and we have sufficient proof of their being in that fortress so early as the reign of King Henry III.

The jewels at this time shewn to all who chuse to give a shilling for seeing them, or eighteen pence for a company, are:

I. The imperial crown, with which it is pretended that all the Kings of England have been crowned since Edward the Confessor, in 1042. It is of gold, enriched with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, saphires and pearls: the cap within is of purple velvet, lined with white taffety, turned up with three rows of ermine. They are however mistaken in shewing this as the ancient imperial diadem of St. Edward; for that, with the other most ancient regalia of this kingdom, was kept in the arched room in the cloisters in Westminster Abbey, till the grand rebellion; when in 1642, Harry Martin, by order of the parliament, broke open the iron chest in which it was secured, took it thence, and sold it, together with the robes, sword, and scepter of St. Edward. However after the restoration, King Charles II. had one made in imitation of it, which is that now shewn.

II. The golden orb or globe put into the King’s right hand before he is crowned; and borne in his left with the scepter in his right, upon his return into Westminster Hall, after he is crowned. It is about six inches in diameter, edged with pearl, and enriched with precious stones. On the top is an amethyst, of a violet colour, near an inch and a half in height, set with a rich cross of gold, adorned with diamonds, pearls, and precious stones. The whole height of the ball and cup is eleven inches.

III. The golden scepter, with its cross set upon a large amethyst of great value, garnished round with table diamonds. The handle of the scepter is plain; but the pummel is set round with rubies, emeralds, and small diamonds. The top rises into a _fleur de lis_ of six leaves, all enriched with precious stones, from whence issues a mound or ball made of the amethyst already mentioned. The cross is quite covered with precious stones.

IV. The scepter with the dove, the emblem of peace, perched on the top of a small Jerusalem cross, finely ornamented with table diamonds and jewels of great value. This emblem was first used by Edward the Confessor, as appears by his seal; but the ancient scepter and dove was sold with the rest of the regalia, and this now in the Tower was made after the restoration.

V. St. Edward’s staff, four feet seven inches and a half in length, and three inches three quarters in circumference, all of beaten gold, which is carried before the King at his coronation.

VI. The rich crown of state worn by his Majesty in parliament; in which is a large emerald seven inches round; a pearl esteemed the finest in the world, and a ruby of inestimable value.

VII. The crown belonging to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.