Part 10

The Kings are Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy. Garter was instituted by King Henry V. in the year 1417, for the service of the most noble order of the Garter: and for the dignity of that order, he was made Sovereign, within the office of arms, over all the other officers subject to the crown of England, by the name of _Garter King of Arms of England_. By the constitution of his office he must be a native of England, and a gentleman bearing arms. To him belongs the correction of arms, and all ensigns of arms usurped or borne unjustly; and the power of granting arms to deserving persons, and supporters to the nobility and Knights of the Bath. It is likewise his office to go next before the sword in solemn processions, none interposing, except the Marshal; to administer the oath to all the officers of arms; to have a habit like the register of the order; with Baron’s service in the court, and lodgings in Windsor Castle; he bears his white rod with a banner of the ensigns of the order thereon before the Sovereign; when any Lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his post to assign him his place, according to his dignity and degree; to carry the ensigns of the order to foreign Princes, and to do, or procure to be done, what the Sovereign shall enjoin relating to the order; for the execution of which he has a salary of 100_l._ a year payable at the Exchequer, and 100_l._ more out of the revenue of the order; besides his fees.

The others are called Provincial Kings, and their provinces together, comprise the whole kingdom of England; that of Clarenceux comprehending all to the south of the river Trent; and that of Norroy, all to the north of that river: but tho’ these provincials have existed time immemorial, they were not constituted to these offices by the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy before Edward III.

Clarenceux is thus named from the Duke of Clarence, the third son of King Edward III. It is his duty, according to his commission, to visit his province, to survey the arms of all persons, &c. and to register their descents, marriages, &c. to marshal the funerals of all persons in his province not under the direction of Garter; and in his province to grant arms, with the consent of the Earl Marshal. Before the institution of Garter he was the principal officer of arms, and in the vacancy of Garter he executes his office. Besides his fees, he has a salary from the Exchequer of 40_l._ a year.

The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, that is North King, is the same on the north of the Trent, as that of Clarenceux on the south.

The Kings of arms were formerly erected by the Sovereign with great solemnity, upon some high festival; but since the ceremonies used at the creation of Peers have been laid aside, the Kings of arms have been created by the Earl Marshal, by virtue of the Sovereign’s warrant: upon this occasion he takes his oath; wine is poured upon his head out of a gilt cup, with a cover; his title is pronounced; and he invested with a tabart of the royal arms, richly embroidered upon velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcullises of silver gilt; a gold chain, with a badge of his office, and the Earl Marshal places on his head the crown of a King of arms, which formerly resembled a ducal coronet; but since the restoration it has been adorned with leaves resembling those of the oak, and circumscribed, according to ancient custom, with the words, MISERERE MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM MISERICORDIAM TUAM. Garter has also a mantle of crimson sattin, as an officer of the order; with a white rod or scepter with the Sovereign’s arms on the top, which he bears in the presence of the Sovereign; and he is sworn in a chapter of the Garter, the Sovereign investing him with the ensigns of his office.

The Kings of arms are distinguished from each other by their respective badges, which they may wear at all times, either in a gold chain or a ribbon, Garter’s being blue and the Provincials purple.

The six Heralds are Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, York, Richmond, and Somerset, who take place according to seniority in office. They are created with the same ceremonies as the Kings, taking the oath of an Herald, and are inverted with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered upon sattin, not so rich as the Kings, but better than the Pursuivants, and a silver collar of SS. They are Esquires by creation, and have a salary of 26_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, and fees according to their degree.

The Kings and Heralds are sworn upon a sword as well as the book, to shew that they are military, as well as civil officers.

The four Pursuivants, who are, Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon, and Portcullis, are also created by the Earl Marshal, when they take their oath of a Pursuivant, and are invested with a tabart of the royal arms upon damask. They have a salary of 20_l._ a year, with fees according to their degree. It is the duty of the Heralds and Pursuivants, to attend in the public office, one of each class together, by a monthly rotation.

Besides these particular duties of the several classes, it is the general duty both of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, to attend his Majesty at the house of Peers, and, upon certain high festivals, to the chapel royal; to make proclamations; to marshal the proceedings at all public processions; to attend the installation of the Knights of the Garter, &c.

All these officers have apartments in the college, annexed to their respective offices. They have likewise a public hall, in which is a court for the Earl Marshal, where courts of chivalry are occasionally held, and the officers of arms attend in their tabarts, his Lordship being present. Their public library contains a large and valuable collection of original records of the pedigrees and arms of families, funeral certificates of the nobility and gentry, public ceremonials, and other branches of heraldry and antiquities; and there have been few works published, relating to the history and antiquities of this kingdom, in which the authors have not received some assistance from this library, where attendance is daily given by two officers for the public emolument. _Instructions communicated by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq; Garter King of Arms, to Mr. Maitland._

HERBERT’S _grounds_, Bandyleg Walk.†

HERBERT’S _passage_, Beaufort Buildings.†

HERCULES PILLARS _alley_, Fleet street.*

HERCULES _yard_, Turnmill street.*

HERMITAGE _bridge_, Hermitage dock.

HERMITAGE _court_, Red Maid lane, near the Hermitage.

HERMITAGE, Dock side. There were formerly several hermitages on the ground on which London now stands.

HERMITAGE _stairs_, Wapping.

HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping.

HERMITAGE _yard_, Parish street.

HERON’S _yard_, Marsham street.†

HERTFORD’S _court_, Fenchurch street.†

HESTON, a village in Middlesex, to the north west of Hounslow.

HEWET’S _court_, in the Strand.†

HEWEY _court_, near Halfmoon street, in the Strand.†

HEYDON _court_, Heydon square.†

HEYDON _passage_, Heydon square.†

HEYDON _square_, on the east side of the Minories.†

HEYDON _yard_, Heydon square.†

HICKMAN’S _court_, Mill street.†

HICK’S _court_, Shoreditch.†

HICKS’S HALL, in St. John’s street, facing West Smithfield, is the county hall in which the justices of Middlesex hold their sessions. This is a very plain brick edifice with a portico at the entrance. It was built by Sir Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden, who was for some time a mercer in Cheapside, and died in 1629, and from him it received its name. _Stow._

HICKS’S _yard_, Angel alley, Little Moorfields.†

HIDE PARK, is in a very fine situation to the west of the new buildings of London, from which it extends to Kensington; it being encompassed by a wall, and well stocked with deer. There is a place in it called the _Ring_, which used formerly to be frequented by people of fashion in their coaches. Mr. Misson, who published an account of his travels over England, speaking of this _Ring_, which was then in vogue, says, “The coaches drive round and round, and when they have turned for some time round one way, they face about and turn t’other: so rolls the world.” Here is a bason of water, formed to supply the above-mentioned new buildings, and a fine serpentine river. There are several good prospects from it. A magazine for gunpowder has been lately built in this Park near the Ring.

HIDE PARK _corner_, Piccadilly, by the corner of Hide Park.

HIDE PARK _street_, Hide Park.

HIDE _street_, Bloomsbury.

HIDE’S _court_, 1. King street, Golden square.† 2. Noble street.† 3. Hide’s rents, Chick lane.†

HIGH HOLBORN, that part of Holborn beyond the bars, and out of the liberties of the city.

HIGH HOLBORN LIBERTY, which consists of that part without the bars, is one of the two liberties in the county of Middlesex and hundred of Osulston, belonging to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn; though by its separate government, (exclusive of that of the church) it acts in all respects as if independent. _Maitland._

HIGH _street_, 1. Aldgate. 2. Coverlead’s fields. 3. St. Giles’s.

HIGH TIMBER _street_, Broken Wharf.

HIGHGATE, a large and populous village in Middlesex, a little above four miles north of London, is so called from its high situation on the top of a hill, and a gate erected there above 400 years ago, to receive toll for the Bishop of London; upon an old miry road from Grays Inn lane to Barnet, being turned through that Bishop’s park. The church, which is a very old edifice, is a chapel of ease to Pancras and Hornsey; and where it stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the Lord Chief Baron Cholmondeley built and endowed a free school in 1562, which was enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of London, and a chapel added to it. There are also here several dissenting meeting houses. On the side next London, the fineness of the prospect over the city, as far as Shooter’s hill, and below Greenwich, has occasioned several handsome edifices to be built; particularly a very fine house erected by the late Sir William Ashurst. It is remarkable that most of the public houses in Highgate have a large pair of horns placed over the sign; and that when any of the country people stop for refreshment, a pair of large horns fixed to the end of a staff, is brought to them, and they are earnestly pressed to be sworn. If they consent, a kind of burlesque oath is administered; that they will never eat brown bread when they can get white; never kiss the maid when they can kiss the mistress; and abundance of other things of the same kind, which they repeat after the person who brings the horns, with one hand fixed upon them. This ridiculous ceremony is altered according to the sex of the person who is sworn; who is allowed to add to each article, except I like the other better; the whole being over, he or she must kiss the horns, and pay a shilling for the oath, to be spent among the company, to which he or she belongs.

HIGHGATE _road_, Tottenham court.

HILLIARD’S _court_, Old Gravel lane.†

HILLINGTON, or HILLINGDON, the name of two villages in Middlesex, situated near each other, at a small distance from Uxbridge, and distinguished by the epithets Great and Little. The church of Great Hillington is a vicarage, to which the town of Uxbridge is a hamlet, and here Meinhardt, late Duke of Schomberg had a seat; and Mr. Chetwynd has one at Little Hillington.

HILL’S _Almshouse_, in Rochester row, Tothill fields, was erected in the year 1708, pursuant to the will of Emery Hill, Esq; for the use of six poor men and their wives, and six poor widows. The former are allowed 7_l._ 4_s._ and a chaldron of coals every year; and the latter 5_l._ and a chaldron of coals _per annum_, and a gown every other year.

The same gentleman erected an almshouse in Petty France, Westminster, in the year 1677, for the reception of three men and their wives; but left it to be endowed out of the surplusage of the above almshouse; however it does not appear that there ever was any surplus. _Maitland._

HILL’S _rents_, Helmet court, Butcher Row, near Temple Bar.†

HILL’S _wharf_, Wapping Wall.†

HILL’S _yard_, Shoreditch.

HIND _court_, 1. Coleman street, Lothbury. 2. Drury lane. 3. Fleet street.

HIND’S _alley_, Maiden lane.†

HIND’S _rents_, Maze Pond street.†

HINTON’S _Almshouse_, in Plough alley, Barbican, was erected in the year 1732,pursuant to the will of Alice Hinton, of Hackney, widow, who bequeathed the sum of 2000_l._ for erecting and endowing an almshouse for twelve poor widows of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate; but the building was only erected for six, occasioned, it is said, by the loss of effects at sea, and 700_l._ by African stock. Each widow has, however, two neat rooms, and the house is endowed with 22_l._ _per annum_, arising from ground rent. _Maitland._

HITCHCOCK’S _yard_, Newington Causeway.†

HOAR’S _yard_, Bishopsgate street.†

HOBBIN’S _court_, Long lane, Southwark.†

HOBB’S _rents_, Marigold street.†

HOCKENHUIL’S _court_, Black Eagle street, Spitalfields.†

HOCKLEY _in the Hole_, near Clerkenwell.

HODDESDON, a hamlet situated on the river Lea, in the parish of Amswell and Brocksbourn in Hertfordshire, nineteen miles from London. Queen Elizabeth granted a grammar school to be kept here, and an almshouse was founded in the reign of King Henry VI. by Richard Rich, Sheriff of London. It is a great thoroughfare on the north road, and has a market on Thursday, and fair eleven days after St. Peter’s.

HODGE’S _rents_, Nightingale lane.†

HOG _alley_, East Smithfield.*

HOG ISLAND, Liquorpond street.

HOG _land_, 1. St. Giles’s Pound.* 2. Norton Falgate.*

HOG _yard_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Flemish church yard.* 3. Kent street.* 4. Liquorpond street. 5. Tothill street.* 6. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.*

HOLAND’S _court_, Back alley, Wapping.†

HOLAND’S LEGURE, near Green walk.†

HOLAND’S LEGURE _walk_, Green walk.†

HOLAND _street_, 1. Black Friars. 2. Great Wardour street.

HOLBORN, extends from the bottom of Snow hill to Broad St. Giles’s. This street was anciently a village called Oldborne, built on the bank of a brook or borne called Olborne, or Holbourn, that sprung up near Middle row, and flowed down the hill in a clear current, till it fell into the river of Wells at Holborn bridge. Along this rivulet the village gradually extended itself west ward, and communicated its name to this long and spacious street, afterwards built upon the same spot. This brook now runs the same course along the common sewer. Holborn was first paved from the bridge to the bars in the year 1535.

HOLBORN _bars_, near the end of Gray’s Inn lane, where the liberties of the city end on that side.

HOLBORN _bridge_, a bridge erected over Fleet ditch, at the bottom of Holborn hill, where the river of Wells, also called Turnmill brook, fell into it.

HOLBORN _court_, the first court in Gray’s Inn, on passing through the gate out of Holborn.

HOLBORN _hill_, the descent at the east end of Holborn.

HOLBORN _row_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.

HOLDEN, or _Nonsuch court_, Gracechurch street.†

HOLDING _street_, Rotherhith.

HOLE IN THE WALL, Little Russel street.*

HOLE IN THE WALL _yard_, Goddard’s rents.*

HOLFORD _alley_, Drury lane.†

HOLFORD _court_, Fenchurch street.†

HOLFORD’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.†

HOLIDAY’S _court_, 1. Blue Anchor alley.† 2. Narrow Wall.†

HOLIDAY’S _yard_, Creed lane.†

HOLIWELL, a fine spring, now choaked up with soil and a hill of rubbish called Holiwell Mount, near Shoreditch. This spring, in the times of popery, was famed for its miraculous virtues, and thence obtained the name of _Holy_.

A little to the south of this well, but within its precinct, stood an ancient priory of Benedictine nuns, which after many repairs, was rebuilt by Sir Thomas Lovel, Knight of the Garter, in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. who also gave to this priory a considerable benefaction in land, and was here buried in a chapel which he himself had erected. In commemoration of this benefactor, the following lines were curiously painted in most of the glass windows:

_All the nunnes in Holiwell, Pray for the soul of Thomas Lovel._

This priory, at the general suppression of monasteries, was surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539, and its ruins are still to be seen in St. John’s court in Holiwell lane: the populace unjustly consider these as the remains of St. John’s palace, tho’ it does not appear that ever any royal mansion was in this neighbourhood.

HOLIWELL _court_, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s.

HOLIWELL _lane_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill.

HOLIWELL _mount_, Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.

HOLIWELL _row_, Horseshoe alley, Shoreditch.

HOLIWELL _street_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. In the Strand; so called from its neighbourhood to St. Clement’s well.

HOLLAND HOUSE, a little beyond Kensington, is a fine old large Gothic structure built of brick, very pleasantly situated on a rising ground, and is at present the seat of the right Hon. Henry Fox. The celebrated Mr. Addison, who married the Countess of Warwick, lived in this house.

HOLLES’S _Almshouse_, in Great St. Helen’s, near Bishopsgate street, was founded by the Lady Holles, relict of Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor of London, in the year 1539, for six poor men or women, and endowed with 10_l._ a year, out of which each person was to receive 7_d._ a week, and the surplus to be laid out in coals for their use.

As an addition to this foundation, Alice Smith of London, widow, devised lands to the value of 15_l._ a year; which, with the above mentioned, being greatly increased in their revenues, the company of Skinners, who are the trustees, have rebuilt the house in a handsome manner, and augmented the pensions of the poor. _Maitland._

HOLLIS _street_, 1. Clare market.† 2. Oxford street.†

_The_ HOLLOW, near Brick lane.

HOLLOWAY _court_, Nevil’s court, Rosemary lane.

HOLLYBUSH _court_, St. Clement’s, Temple Bar.*

HOLMAN’S _alley_, Bunhill row.†

HOLYWELL. See HOLIWELL.

HOMERTON, a hamlet belonging to Hackney.

HONESTY’S _square_, Chick lane.

HONESTY’S _yard_, St. James’s court, Chick lane.

HONEY _court yard_, Ailesbury street.

HONEY _lane_, Cheapside.

HONEY _lane market_, behind the north side of Cheapside, facing Bow church. After the fire of London, Honey lane, and other buildings, were converted into this market, among which was the parish church of Allhallows Honey lane. It is the smallest market in the city, being but 193 feet in length from east to west, and 97 from north to south. In the middle is a market house, which stands on pillars, has rooms over it, and is crowned with a bell tower. In this market there are 135 standing stalls for butchers covered over, and also several stalls for fruiterers; the passages into it are inhabited by fishmongers, poulterers, &c. It is famous for the goodness of the provisions sold there, with which it is well supplied on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays.

HONEYSUCKLE _court_, Grub street, Fore street.*

HOOKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.*

HOOKE’S HOLE _yard_, Upper Ground street.*

HOOP _alley_, 1. Old street.* 2. Portpool lane.*

HOOP _yard_, 1. Little Swan alley.* 2. New Fish street hill.* 3. In the Strand.*

HOOPER’S _square_, Goodman’s fields.†

HOOPER’S _yard_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. Tooley street.†

HOP _garden_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.

HOPKIN’S _rents_, Crown alley, Tooley street.†

HOPKIN’S _row_, near Petty France, Westminster.†

HOPKIN’S _street_, Broad street, Poland street.†

HOPTON’S _Almshouse_, in the parish of Christ Church, Surry, was founded by Charles Hopton, Esq; for twenty-six poor men, who have been housekeepers and come to decay, each of whom has an upper and lower room, with 10_l._ a year paid monthly, and a chaldron of coals. The building is handsome, neat, and spacious. The founder died in the year 1730, and the poor men were first admitted two years after by the minister and two churchwardens of that parish, and ten other gentlemen, who are trustees for the management of this charity.

HOPTON _street_, Berwick street.†

HORN _alley_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Liquorpond street.* 3. Tower street, Tower hill.*

HORN _court_, 1. Basing lane.* 2. Beer lane, Tower street, near Tower hill.* 3. Peter street, Westminster.*

HORN TAVERN _court_, St. Margaret’s lane.*

HORN _yard_, Goodman’s fields.*

HORNCHURCH, a town near Rumford in Essex, was formerly called Horn Monastery from a large pair of leaden horns; which, according to tradition, were placed there by a certain King, who disliking its former name Hore Church, so called from its being built by a whore, in order to attone for her sins, altered its name by setting up the horns.

HORNERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles I. in the year 1638. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and nine Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.

In the reign of Henry IV. this company was greatly reduced, by the almost general exportation of horns; when applying to parliament in the year 1465, it was enacted, that from thenceforward no other horns should be exported, but such as were refused by the horners of this city and kingdom, on the penalty of forfeiture: and for the more effectual execution of this law, the Wardens of the company of Horners of this city were impowered to search for all such goods and merchandize, both wrought and unwrought, not only within this city and 20 miles round, but in the fairs of Sturbridge and Ely, and all such goods as were found bad and unmarketable were to be forfeited. _Maitland._

HORNSEY, a village in Middlesex, five miles from London. About a mile nearer this, is a coppice of young trees, called _Hornsey Wood_, at the entrance of which is a genteel public house, to which great numbers of persons resort from the city. This house being situated on the top of a hill, affords a delightful prospect of the neighbouring country.

HORNS _yard_, 1. Cloth fair, East Smithfield.* 2. Kent street.* 3. Peter street, Westster. 4. Stony street.* 5. Whitechapel.*

_Master of the_ HORSE. See the article MASTER OF THE HORSE.

HORSE AND GROOM _yard_, Wood street, Westminster.*

HORSE AND TRUMPET _yard_, Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate.

HORSE GUARDS, a noble modern edifice opposite to the Banquetting-house, Whitehall. It consists of a center and two wings, and has an air of solidity perfectly agreeable to the nature of the building. It receives its name from the horse guards, who while the King is at St. James’s are here on duty, two at a time being constantly mounted and completely armed, under two handsome slope porches detached from the building, and erected to shelter them from the weather. This structure is equally calculated for the use of the foot as well as the horse on duty.