Part 6

The whole edifice, which was built by the great Sir Christopher Wren, consists of a vast range of buildings. The front toward the north opens into a piece of ground laid out in walks for the pensioners; and that facing the south, into a garden which extends to the Thames, and is kept in good order. This side affords not only a view of that fine river, but of the county of Surry beyond it. In the center of this edifice is a pediment supported by four columns, over which is a handsome turret, and through this part is an opening which leads through the building. On one side of this entrance is the chapel, the furniture and plate of which was given by K. James I. and on the other side is the hall, where all the pensioners dine in common, the officers by themselves. In this hall is the picture of King Charles II. on horseback, with several other pieces as big as the life, designed by Signior Vario, and finished by Mr. Cook. These were presented by the Earl of Ranelagh. The pavement of both the chapel and hall are black and white marble. The altar piece in the chapel is the resurrection, painted by Sebastian Ricci.

The wings, which extend east and west, join the chapel and hall to the north, and are open towards the Thames, on the south; these are near 360 feet in length, and about 80 in breadth, they are three stories high, and the rooms are so well disposed, and the air so happily thrown in by means of the open spaces, that nothing can be more pleasant. On the front of this square is a colonade extending along the side of the hall and chapel, over which upon the cornice is the following inscription in capitals.

_In subsidium et levamen emeritorum senio, belloque fractorum, condidit_ CAROLUS II. _Auxit_ JACOBUS II. _Perfecere_ GULIELMUS _et_ MARIA, _REX ET REGINA_, MDCXC.

And in the midst of the quadrangle is the statue of King Charles II. in the ancient Roman dress, somewhat bigger than the life, standing upon a marble pedestal. This was given by Mr. Tobias Rustat, and is said to have cost 500_l_.

There are several other buildings adjoining, that form two other large squares, and consist of apartments for the officers and servants of the house; for old maimed officers of horse and foot, and the infirmary for the sick. None of these are shewn in the two views we have given, which only represent the two principal fronts of the hospital.

An air of neatness and elegance is observable in all these buildings. They are composed of brick and stone, and which way soever they are viewed, there appears such a disposition of the parts as is best suited to the purposes of the charity, the reception of a great number, and the providing them with every thing that can contribute to the convenience and pleasure of the pensioners.

Chelsea Hospital is more particularly remarkable for its great regularity and proper subordination of parts, which is very apparent in the north front. The middle is very principal, and the transition from thence to the extremities, is very easy and delightful.

The expence of erecting these buildings is computed to amount to 150,000_l._ and the extent of the ground is above forty acres.

In the wings are sixteen wards, in which are accommodations for above 400 men, and there are besides in the other buildings, a considerable number of apartments for officers and servants.

These pensioners consist of superannuated veterans, who have been at least twenty years in the army; or those soldiers who are disabled in the service of the crown. They wear red coats lined with blue, and are provided with all other cloaths, diet, washing, and lodging. The Governor has 500_l._ a year; the Lieutenant Governor 250_l._ and the Major 150_l._ Thirty-six officers are allowed 6_d_. a day; thirty-four light horsemen, and thirty serjeants, have 2_s._ a week each; forty-eight corporals and drums have 10_d_. per week; and three hundred and thirty-six private men, are each allowed 8_d_. a week. As the house is called a garrison, all the members are obliged to do duty in their respective turns; and they have prayers twice a day in the chapel, performed by two chaplains, who have each a salary of 100_l._ a year. The physician, secretary, comptroller, deputy treasurer, steward, and surgeon, have also each 100_l._ _per annum_, and many other officers have considerable salaries. As to the out-pensioners, who amount to between eight and nine thousand, they have each 7_l._ 12_s._ 6_d_. a year.

These great expences are supported by a poundage deduced out of the pay of the army, with one day’s pay once a year from each officer and common soldier; and when there is any deficiency, it is supplied by a sum raised by parliament. This hospital is governed by the following commissioners; the President of the council, the first Commissioner of the treasury, the Principal Secretary of state, the Pay master general of the forces, the Secretary at war, the Comptrollers of the army, and by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the hospital.

CHELSEA _Water-works_, are under the management of a society incorporated by act of parliament in the year 1722, by the name of _The Governor and Company of the Chelsea Water-works_. They have a common seal, and power to purchase lands, &c. in mortmain to the value of 1000_l._ _per annum_, with a right to alienate and dispose of the same as they shall think proper. These works are divided into two thousand shares. The company’s affairs are managed by a Governor, Deputy Governor, and thirteen Directors.

CHELTON _court_, Bedfordbury.

CHENEY’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†

CHENEY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.†

CHEQUER _alley_, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Great Old Bailey.* 3. Old Bethlem. 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

CHEQUER _court_, 1. Charing Cross.* 2. Catharine’s lane.* 3. Golden lane.*

CHEQUER _yard_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Dowgate hill.* 3. Golden lane. 4. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 5. Old street.* 6. Whitechapel.*

CHERRY GARDEN _lane_, Rotherhith.‡

CHERRY GARDEN _stairs_, Rotherhith.‡

CHERRY GARDEN _street_, Rotherhith Wall.‡

CHERRY TREE _alley_, 1. Bunhill row.‡ 2. Golden lane.‡ 3. Ship street.‡ 4. Whitecross street.‡

CHERRY TREE ALLEY _School_, was founded by Mr. William Worral in Cherry Tree alley, Golden lane, in the year 1689, and endowed by him with the annual revenue of 30_l._ for educating and cloathing forty boys, whose livery is an orange colour, in commemoration of the revolution by the Prince of Orange in 1688.

CHERRY TREE _corner_, Horseferry.

CHERRY TREE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street. 2. Gardiner’s lane. 3. Piccadilly. 4. Cherubin court, Angel alley. 5. White’s alley.

CHERTSEY, a town in Surry, nineteen miles from London, carries on a considerable trade in malt, which is sent in barges to London. Here was once an abbey, in which was deposited the corpse of Henry VI. who was stabbed in the Tower, but his body was afterwards removed by Henry VII. to Windsor. Out of the ruins of this abbey Sir Henry Carew, master of the buckhounds to King Charles II. built a very fine house. To this village Cowley, the Poet, retired after being weary of attending on the court, and there ended his days. Here is a bridge over the Thames to Shepperton, and a handsome free-school erected by Sir William Perkins, who had a seat here.

CHESHAM, a market town in Buckinghamshire, situated on the borders of Hertfordshire, twenty-nine miles from London. It had formerly a chantry, and has now a charity school.

CHESHIRE’S _rents_, 1. Fleet lane, by the Fleet market.† 2. Shipwright’s street, Rotherhith.†

CHESHUNT, with its park and wash, are situated about fifteen miles from London near the river Lea in Hertfordshire. Here was formerly a convent of nuns; and King Edward III. gave Cheshunt the privilege of a market, which has been long discontinued.

CHESTERFIELD HOUSE, in May fair, a very elegant structure, built by the Nobleman from whom it derives its name. The stone colonades leading from the house to the wings on each side are very beautiful. The print exhibits the body of the house with part of the colonade, but the wings are hid by the intervening houses. This view was taken from the end next Hyde Park, of the street which is opposite the great gate which leads to the house.

CHESTER’S _key_, Thames street.†

CHESWICK. See CHISWICK.

CHEVER’S _court_, Limehouse.†

CHEYNEY, near Flounden in Buckinghamshire, formerly belonged to the Cheyneys, but has been the manor and seat of the Russels, now Dukes of Bedford, for about 200 years.

CHICHESTER _rents_, Chancery lane, from the Bishop of Chichester’s house near it. _Maitland._

CHICK _lane_, West Smithfield.

CHIDLEY’S _court_, Pall mall.†pm od CHIGWELL, a village in Essex, situated between Waltham Abbey and Rumford. The rectory and parish church are united to the prebend of St. Pancras in St. Paul’s cathedral. Here is a charity school; and at a small distance are two hamlets named Chigwell-Dews and Chigwell-Row.

CHIGWELL _hill_, Ratcliff highway.

CHIGWELL _street_, Ratcliff highway.

CHILE’S _court_, 1. Eagle court, Strand.† 2. In the Strand.†

CHIMNEY _alley_, Coleman street.

CHIMNEY-SWEEPERS _alley_, Barnaby street.

CHINGFORD, a village in Essex, near Woodford, and not far from Epping Forest, so agreeably situated for privacy and retirement, that the remotest distance from the metropolis can hardly exceed it. The church, which was erected in the reign of King Richard II. is a neat little building dedicated to St. Peter and Paul.

CHIPPING ONGAR, a town in Essex, twenty miles from London, was formerly the manor of Richard Lacy, who being Protector of England, while Henry II. was absent in Normandy, he built a church and a castle here with other fortifications, the remains of which are still to be seen.

CHISLEHURST, a town near Bromley, in Kent, where the family of the Walsinghams resided for several generations; and are interred in the church. Here Mr. Camden composed the principal part of his annals of Queen Elizabeth.

CHISWICK, in Middlesex, situated on the Thames on the south-west side of Hammersmith. Here are two manors, one belonging to the Prebendary of Cheswick in St. Paul’s cathedral, and the other call’d the Dean’s manor, from its belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. In this village there is a charity school, and it is adorned with several elegant seats, as the Earl of Shrewsbury’s, the Earl of Grantham’s now Col. Elliot’s, the late Lord Wilmington’s, &c. But the most remarkable of the kind is the late Earl of Burlington’s, which was a plain, commodious building, with good offices about it; but a part of the old edifice being some years ago destroyed by fire, his Lordship erected near it a beautiful villa, which, for elegance of taste, surpasses every thing of its kind in England. The court in the front, which is of a proportionable size with the building, is gravelled and constantly kept very neat. On each side are yew hedges in panels, with _Termini_ placed at a proper distance; and in the front of these hedges, are two rows of Cedars of Libanus, which, at a small distance have a fine effect, the dark shade of these solemn ever-greens affording a pleasing contrast to the whiteness of the elegant building that appears between them, the view of which from the road surprizes you in a most agreeable manner.

The ascent to the house is by a noble flight of steps, on one side of which is the statue of Palladio, and on the other that of Inigo Jones. The portico is supported by six fine fluted columns of the Corinthian order, with a pediment very elegant, and the cornice, frize and architrave, as rich as possible. This magnificent front strikes all who behold it with an uncommon pleasure and surprize.

The octagonal saloon finishing at top in a dome, through which it is enlightened, is also very elegant. The other rooms are extremely beautiful, and are finely furnished with pictures of the great masters; an account of which is here annexed. It were to be wished this house had been built to a larger scale, that the grandeur might have equalled the elegance.

Though the other front towards the garden is plainer, yet it is in a very bold, noble and masterly stile, and has at the same time a pleasing simplicity, as hath also the side front towards the serpentine river, which is different from the two others. In making the drawing of this house, it was viewed by the angle, by which means the print here given of it, shews it more perfectly than if only the principal front had been given. The inside of this structure is finished with the utmost elegance; the ceilings are richly gilt and painted, and the rooms adorned with some of the best pictures in Europe. In the gardens, which are very beautiful, the vistos are terminated by a temple, obelisk, or some such ornament, which produce a most agreeable effect.

The gardens are laid out in the finest taste: on descending from the back part of the house you enter a verdant lawn planted with clumps of ever-greens, between which are two rows of large stone vases. At the ends next the house are two wolves in stone, done by the celebrated Scheemaker, the statuary; at the farther end are two large lions, and the view is terminated by three fine antique statues, dug up in Adrian’s garden at Rome, with stone seats between them, and behind a close plantation of ever-greens.

On turning to the house on the right hand, an open grove of forest trees affords a view of the orangery, which is seen as perfectly as if the trees were planted on the lawn; and when the orange trees are in flower, their fragrance is diffused over the whole lawn to the house. These are separated from the lawn by a fossee, to secure them from being injured by the persons admitted to walk in the garden.

On leaving the house to the left, an easy slope covered with short grass leads down to the serpentine river, on the side whereof are clumps of ever-greens, with agreeable breaks, between which the water is seen; and at the farther end is an opening into an inclosure, where are a Roman temple, and an obelisk, with grass slopes, and in the middle a circular piece of water.

From hence you are led to the wilderness, through which are three strait avenues terminated by three different edifices; and within the quarters are serpentine walks, through which you may ramble near a mile in the shade. On each side the serpentine river, are verdant walks, which accompany the river in all its turnings. On the right hand of this river is a building that is the exact model of the portico of the church of Covent garden, on the left is a wilderness laid out in regular walks, and in the middle is a Palladian wooden bridge over the river.

With the earth dug from the bed of this river, his Lordship has raised a terrace, that affords a prospect of the adjacent country; which, when the tide is up, is greatly enlivened by the view of the boats and barges passing along the river Thames.

Pictures, &c. in the new house at Chiswick.

In the Portico.

Augustus, a busto.

Saloon.

Lord Burlington and three of his sisters, Elizabeth, Juliana, and Jane, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Rape of Proserpine, Sconians.

Anne of Austria, Frederick Elde.

Morocco Ambassador in the reign of Charles II. figure by Sir Godf. Kneller; the back ground and horse, by Wyke.

King Charles, his Queen, and two children, Vandyke.

Judgment of Paris, Cav. Daniele.

Lewis XIII. Fred. Elde.

Apollo and Daphne, Cav. Daniele.

Bustos.

Antinous. Lucius Antinous.

A Bacchanalian.

Socrates.

Faustina.

Britannicus.

Plautilla.

Antoninus.

Apollo.

Bust unknown.

Domitian.

Adrian.

Red Velvet Room.

Madonna della Rosa, by Domenichino.

Noah sacrificing, Carlo Maratti.

Painting and designing, Guido Rheni.

The holy family, Carlo Maratti.

King Charles I. Cornelius Johnson.

Pope Innocent IX. Diego Velasques.

St. Gregorio, Cavidoni.

Pope Clement IX. Carlo Maratti.

The holy family, Giacinto Brandi.

The holy family, Salviati.

Duchess of Somerset, Vandyke.

Bacchus and Ariadne, Sebastiano Ricci.

A woman, school of Rubens.

Three statues, chiaro oscuro, Nic. Poussin.

A man, school of Rubens.

Venus and Cupid, Seb. Ricci.

St. John in the wilderness, Franc. Mola.

A portrait, Langians.

First Countess of Burlington, Vandyke.

Cardinal Baronius, Frederico Barocci.

A portrait, Rembrandt.

Mr. Killegrew, Vandyke.

First Earl of Burlington, Vandyke.

Salmasis and Hermaphroditus, Francisco Albano.

The holy family, Andrea del Sarto.

Mary Queen of Scotland, Fred. Zucchero.

The holy family, Pietro da Cortona.

The procession of the Dogesse, Paolo Veronese.

Bronzes.

A young Hercules.

Three pictures of incense lamps, Benvenuto Celini.

Blue Velvet Room.

A chymist’s shop, by David Teniers.

A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.

A landscape and figures, Gaspar Poussin.

A Magdalen’s head, Guido Rheni.

A landscape with figures hawking, Wouwerman.

A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.

A landscape and figures, Gasp. Poussin.

A march, Bourgognone.

The passage of the Red sea, ditto.

The Jesuits church at Antwerp, Geringh.

A landscape and figures, Bott.

A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.

A landscape, ditto.

A landscape with horsemen, Vander Meulen.

A landscape, Bott.

Lord Sandwich in a round, Sir Pet. Lely.

A woman frying fritters, Schalcken.

The holy family, Carlo Maratti.

A tent, Wouwerman.

A landscape with fishermen, Phill. Laura.

The flight into Egypt, Nicolo Poussin.

A ferry boat and cattle, Berchem.

A woman feeding children, Schalcken.

The holy family, Andrea Sacchi.

Ditto, Camillo Procacini.

Inigo Jones in a round, Dobson.

Red closet next the blue room.

Lot and his two daughters, Rottenhammer.

A landscape and ruins, Viviano, the figures by Mich. Angelo.

Jupiter and Io, Francesco Imperiali.

Spanish lady, D. Velasques.

Fishermen, Rubens.

The Presentation, Giuseppe Chiari.

A man hawking, Inigo Jones.

A sea-port, Marco Ricci.

A landscape, Velvet Brughel.

A Flora, Francesco Albano.

Temptation of St. Antonio, Annibale Carracci.

A landscape, Patel.

Lady Dorothy Boyle, Lady Burlington.

A landscape, Velvet Brughel.

The holy family, Sebastian Bourdon.

The inside of a church, Perino del Vaga.

A sea piece, Vandervelde.

A landscape, Marco Ricci.

Christ in the garden.

The holy family, Schidoni.

A crucifixion of a saint, Seb. Bourdon.

A landscape, Rysdal.

The holy family, Denis Calvert.

The Samaritan woman, Paolo Veronese.

A boy’s head, Holbein.

Cleopatra, Leonardo da Vinci.

A landscape, Swanevelt.

The holy family, Passari.

Earl of Essex.

A portrait, Fran. Hals.

Inside of a church, Vandyke.

A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.

A man and vases, Benedetto Castiglione.

A landscape, Francisque Meli.

Green Velvet room.

Mars and Venus, Albano.

Acis and Galatea, Luca Giordano.

Constantine’s arch, Gio. Paolo Panini.

Romulus and Remus, Pietro da Cortona.

A woman bathing, Rousseau.

Mr. Rogers, Vandyke.

Our Saviour in the garden, Guercino.

A man half length with a dog, Dobson.

Rembrant in his painting room, Gerrard Dow.

Ruins, Viviano.

A view of Florence, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

Diana and Endymion, Sebastiano Ricci.

Flowers by Baptiste the boy, Seb. Ricci.

Ponte Rotto, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

The holy family, Francesco Mola.

A landscape, Mons. Verton.

Buildings, Rousseau.

A Magdalen, Carlo Maratti from Guido.

A man half length, Rembrant.

A Madona and St. Catharine, Pietro da Cortona.

The Jews scourging our Saviour, Giacomo Bassano.

Piazza del Popolo, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

A landscape with fishermen, Salvator Rosa.

Belisarius, Vandyke.

Earl of Pembroke and his sister, Vandyke.

Bed chamber.

Earl of Cumberland in a round.

Mr. Pope in a round, Kent.

Lady Burlington in a round, Aikman.

Gallery.

Susanna and P. Veronese.

* * * * Bassan.

* * * * Ditto.

Landscapes.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Middle of the ceiling, Paolo Veronese.

Two statues, Guelphi.

Two ditto, Scheemaker.

Two little heads, Guelphi.

Two porphyry vases, from Rome.

Closet within the bed chamber.

Lord Clifford and his family, painted in 1444 by John Van Eyk, called John of Bruges.

A woman in a hat, Blomaert.

Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, Lady Burlington.

Henry IV. of France, Mosaick.

A head, a sketch, Vandyke.

Ditto, ditto.

Flowers upon glass, Baptiste.

A woman selling fish and herbs.

Hagar and the angel.

A boy’s head.

A man’s head.

A woman combing her head.

A satyr whipping a woman.

A head, Holbein.

A Venus sleeping.

Dutch figures.

A man reading.

The ascension, Albano.

The new dining room.

Twelfth night, Jordans.

The finding of Moses, Seb. Ricci.

Jephtha, Seb. Ricci.

Good Samaritan, Giacomo Bassan.

A flower piece, Baptiste.

Ditto, ditto.

Ditto, ditto.

A portrait, Rubens.

Ditto, unknown.

Buildings and cattle, Wenix.

First Lady Halifax, Sir Peter Lely.

The marriage of Cupid, &c. Andrea Schiavone.

A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.

Mars and Venus, Le Fevre.

A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.

A Madona, Parmegiano.

Woman taken in adultery, Allesandro Veronese.

Liberality and Modesty, Guido, after

CHISWELL _street_, near the Artillery ground, Moorfields.†

CHITTERLING _alley_, Beer lane, Tower street.

CHIVER’S _court_, Nightingale lane, in Limehouse, Fore street.‡

CHOIRISTER’S _rents_, near the Almonry.

CHOLMONDELEY’S _Almshouse_, in Church entry, Black Friars, was founded by the Lady Cholmondeley for three poor women, each of whom receives 2_s._ a week.

CHRISTOPHER’S _alley_, 1. in the Borough. 2. Lombard street. 3. St. Martin’s le Grand. 4. Middle turning, Shadwell. 5. Upper Moorfields.

_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _alley_, St. Christopher’s court, Threadneedle street.☐

_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _Church_, by the Bank of England in Threadneedle street, is dedicated to a Jewish convert and martyr, named before his conversion Reprobus, but having, it is pretended, carried our Saviour over a river, was thence named Christopher. Mention is made of a church in this place so early as the year 1368. The present edifice suffered greatly by the fire of London; but not so much as to occasion its being rebuilt, and therefore being thoroughly repaired, it continues on the ancient foot. The body is well enlightened, and the tower is crowned with four handsome pinacles. It is a very plain edifice, and indeed had it been ever so well ornamented, it could not, in its present situation, have been seen to advantage.

This church is a rectory, the patronage of which has been for above three hundred years in the Bishop of London. The Rector, besides other considerable advantages, receives 120_l._ a year in lieu of tithes.

CHRISTOPHER’S _court_, 1. Cartwright street. 2. Rosemary lane.

_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _court_, Threadneedle street.

CHRISTOPHER’S INN YARD, 1. Barnaby street. 2. St. Margaret’s hill.*