Part 4

CAMP’S _Almshouse_, in Wormwood street, was founded by Mr. Laurence Camp, for the relief of six poor people of the parish of Allhallows London Wall, who had an allowance of 1_l._ 14_s._ 8_d._ a year.

CANARY _court_, Exeter court in the Strand.

CANDLEWICK _Ward_, took its name from a street called Candlewick, or Candlewright street, remarkable for wax and tallow chandlers, who were anciently called candlewrights, and is bounded on the south by Bridge and Dowgate wards; on the west by Dowgate and Wallbrook wards; on the north by Langborne ward; and on the east by Bridge ward. The principal streets in this ward are, Eastcheap, and a part of Canon street, and St. Martin’s lane. The most remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Clement’s Eastcheap, St. Mary Abchurch, and St. Michael’s Crooked lane.

It is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, and seven other Common Council men; twelve wardmote inquest men, six scavengers, eight constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve on juries in Guildhall in the month of December.

CANE’S _wharf_, Milford lane.†

CANON _alley_, St. Paul’s church yard.

CANON _row_, or Channel row, New Palace yard, Westminster; called Canon row from this row formerly consisting of the houses for the Canons of St. Stephen’s Westminster.

CANON _street_, 1. In the Mint. 2. Ratcliff Highway. 3. A considerable street extending from Budge row to Eastcheap.

CANONBURY, vulgarly called CAMBRAY _House_, formerly belonged to the Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield. It is pleasantly situated on a beautiful eminence on the east side of Islington, and commands three delightful prospects to the east, north, and south.

CANONS _of St. Paul’s_. These Canons or Prebendaries, who are 30 in number, with the Bishop of London at their head, compose the Chapter, which has the management of the affairs of this cathedral; these canonries are in the collation of the Bishop, and are as follows. 1. _Bromesbury_, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 2. _Brownswood_, in the same parish. 3. _Cadington Major_, in the manor of Astonbury, Bedfordshire. 4. _Cadington Minor_, in the parish of Cadington, Bedfordshire. 5. _Chamberlain’s-Wood_, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 6. _Chiswick_, in the county of Middlesex. 7. _Consumpt. per Mare_, a prebend in the parish of Walton, or Waltome, on the coast of Essex, which being overflowed by the sea, before the conquest, the present name serves only to perpetuate the remembrance of that fatal catastrophe. 8. _Eald Street_, or _Old_ _Street_, in Shoreditch parish. 9. _Ealdland_, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 10. _Holiwell_, alias _Finsbury_, in the parishes of St. Giles Cripplegate, and Shoreditch. 11. _Harleston_, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 12. _Holborn_, in the suburbs of London. 13. _Hoxton_, in the parish of Shoreditch. 14. _Islington_, in the county of Middlesex. 15. _Kentish-town_, in the parish of St. Pancras. 16. _Mapelsbury_, in the parish of Willesdon. 17. _Mora_, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 18. _Neasdon_, in the parish of Willesdon. 19. _Oxgate_, in the same parish. 20. _St. Pancras_, in Middlesex. 21. _Portpool_, in the parish of St. Andrew Holborn. 22. _Reculvarland_, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 23. _Rougemere_, in the parish of Pancras. 24. _Sneating_, in the parish of Kirkeby, Essex. 25. _Stoke Newington_, Middlesex. 26. _Tottenhall_ or _Tottenham Court_, in the parish of St. Pancras. 27. _Twyford_, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 28. _Wenlakesbarn_, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 29. _Wildland_, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 30. _Willesdon_, in the county of Middlesex. _Newc. Repert._

The _petty Canons_ who are twelve in number, are chosen out of the ministers and officers belonging to the cathedral, and should be persons of unspotted characters, with harmonious voices, and skilled in vocal music. These were constituted a body politic and corporate by letters patent granted by King Richard II. in the year 1399, by the title of _The College of the twelve petty Canons of St. Paul’s_; and allowed a common seal, with one of their number for a Warden. _Newc. Repert._

CANTERBURY _court_, 1. Black Friars, 2. Phenix street.

CAR _court_, Rotten row, Old street.

CAR _yard_, 1. Moor lane. 2. Redcross street. 3. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.

CARD _court_, West Smithfield.

CARDINALS OF THE CHOIR, two officers chosen out of the petty Canons of St. Paul’s, by the Dean and Chapter. Their office is to superintend the behaviour and attendance of the several officers belonging to the choir; and to take minutes of the several crimes of which they are guilty when on duty, in order to their being corrected for them by the Dean and Chapter.

CARDINAL’S CAP _alley_, Bank side.*

CARDMAKERS, were incorporated by letters patent of Charles I. in the year 1629. This company is governed by a Matter, two Wardens, and eighteen Assistants, but they have neither livery nor hall.

CARY _lane_, Foster lane, Cheapside.†

CARY _street_, Lincoln’s Inn fields.†

CARLISLE _street_, Soho square.

CARMAN’S _yard_, Pepper alley.

CARMEN, were constituted a fellowship of this city, by an act of Common Council in the reign of Henry VIII. and incorporated by letters patent granted by James I. in 1606, with the fraternity of Fuellers, under the denomination of Woodmongers, with whom they continued till 1668, when the Woodmongers were convicted by parliament of many enormous frauds in the sale of coals, and other fuel, and being apprehensive of suffering the punishment due to their crimes, threw up their charter in order to avoid it, upon which the Carmen were again appointed a fellowship by an act of Common Council, under the title of _The free Carmen of the city of London_. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and forty-one Assistants, under the direction of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, but have neither livery nor hall.

CARNABY, or MARLBOROUGH _Market_, by Carnaby street, has Marlborough street on the north, and Broad street on the south west. This is lately become a very plentiful market for flesh and other provisions.

CARNABY _street_, 1. Silver street, Bloomsbury. 2. Silver street, Golden square.

CAROLINE _court_, Saffron hill.

CARON’S _Almshouse_, in Kingston road, Vauxhall, consists of seven rooms for as many poor women, and was founded by his excellency the Right Hon. Noel Baron of Caron, Ambassador from the States General in the year 1623. This almshouse he endowed with a handsome estate, out of which each of his almswomen receives 4_l._ a year.

CARPENTERS, a fraternity incorporated by Edward III. in the year 1344; with the power of making by-laws. This company is governed by a Master, three Wardens, and twenty Assistants, with a livery of 100 members, who pay a fine of 8_l._ upon their admission.

Their hall is situated on the south side of London Wall almost facing the east end of Bethlem hospital, in a court called Carpenters hall yard, to which there is an entrance through a large pair of gates. The building is composed of timber and plaister; and though very old, is not without its peculiar ornaments.

CARPENTERS _alley_, Wych street.

CARPENTERS _buildings_, London wall.

CARPENTERS _court_, 1. Aldermanbury. 2. Bett’s street, Ratcliff. 3. Charterhouse lane. 4. Long Acre.

CARPENTERS _street_, Mount row.†

CARPENTERS _yard_, 1. Beech lane. 2. Coleman street. 3. Near Blackman street. 4. Deadman’s place. 5. London wall. 6. Long lane, West Smithfield. 7. Peter street, Westminster. 8. Poor Jewry lane. 9. Skinner street. 10. Town Ditch, Little Britain. 11. Upper Ground street.

CARRIERS _street_, Buckeridge street.

CARSHALTON, a village in Surry, situated among innumerable springs, which all together form a river in the very street of the town, and joining other springs that flow from Croydon and Beddington, form one stream called the Wandell. Though this village is thus situated among springs, it is built upon firm chalk, and on one of the most beautiful spots on that side of London, on which account it has many fine houses belonging to the citizens of London, some of them built with such grandeur and expence, that they might be rather taken for the seats of the nobility, than the country houses of citizens and merchants. Mr. Scawen intended to build a magnificent house here in a fine park which is walled round, and vast quantities of stone and other materials were collected by him for this purpose; but the design was never carried into execution. Here also Dr. Ratcliff built a very fine house, which afterwards belonged to Sir John Fellows, who added gardens and curious water-works. It at length passed into the possession of the Lord Hardwick, who sold it to the late William Mitchell, Esq; and it is now in the possession of his family.

CARTERET _street_, Broad way, Westminster.

CART _yard_, 1. Rosemary lane. 2. Whitechapel.

CARTER’S _court_, 1. Lukener’s lane.† 2. Cursitors alley, Bristol street.†

CARTER’S _rents_. Brick lane, Spitalfields.†

CARTER’S _street_, Houndsditch.†

CARTHUSIAN _street_, Pickax street, Aldersgate street.

CARTWRIGHT _street_, Broad way, Westminster.† 2. Rosemary lane.†

CASHIOBURY, in Hertfordshire, situated sixteen miles north of London, is said to have been the seat of the Kings of Mercia, during the Heptarchy, till Offa gave it to the monastery of St. Alban’s. Henry VIII. however bestowed it on Richard Morison, Esq; from whom it passed to Arthur Lord Capel, Baron of Hadham, and from him came by inheritance to be the manor of the Earls of Essex, who have here a noble seat erected in the form of an H, with a large park adorned with fine woods and walks: the gardens were planted and laid out by Le Notre in the reign of King Charles II. The front and one side are of brick and modern, the other side is very old. The print shews it better than description.

CASH’S _alley_, near Shoreditch church.†

CASTLE _alley_, 1. Cornhill.* 2. Near Lambeth hill.* 3. Trig lane, Thames street.*

CASTLE BAYNARD _Ward_, was so called from an ancient castle near the Thames built by Baynard, a nobleman of great authority, who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror. It is bounded on the north and west by the ward of Faringdon within; on the east by Queenhithe and Bread street wards; and on the south by the river Thames.

The principal streets in this ward are, the south end of Thames street, St. Peter’s hill, St. Bennet’s hill, Addle hill, Knight Rider street, Paul’s chain, Carter lane, and the east side of Creed lane, and Warwick lane. The remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Bennet’s, Paul’s Wharf, St. Andrew Wardrobe, and St. Mary Magdalen, with the Heralds office.

It is governed by an Alderman and his Deputy, nine other Common Council men; fourteen wardmote inquest men, seven scavengers, ten constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the inquest for this ward serve in the courts of Guildhall in the month of September.

CASTLE _court_, 1. Birchin lane.* 2. Budge row.* 3. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 4. Castle lane, in the Mint.* 5. Castle street, Long Acre.* 6. College hill.* 7. Cornhill.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Laurence lane.* 10. Lombard street. 11. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. 12. In the Strand. 13. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

CASTLE INN _yard_, Aldersgate street.*

CASTLE _lane_, 1. Castle street, Long Acre.* 2. Castle street, Southwark.* 3. Petty France, Westminster (called also Cabbage lane).* 4. Redcross street, Deadman’s place.* 5. St. James’s Westminster.* 6. Thames street.*

CASTLE _street_, 1. Air street, Piccadilly.* 2. Bloomsbury.* 3. Cavendish market.* 4. Near Long Acre.* 5. In the Park, Southwark.* 6. Near the Royal Mews. * 7. Saffron hill.* 8. Shoreditch field.* 9. Thames street.* 10. Near Wentworth street, Spitalfields.* 11. Bevis street.*

CASTLE STREET LIBRARY, was founded in the year 1685, by Thomas Tennison, D.D. Vicar of St. Martin’s in the fields, and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, for the use of his school, under which it is placed in a spacious room, and consists of about 4000 volumes.

The librarian’s salary is 10_l._ _per annum_, and he has convenient lodgings contiguous to the library. _Maitland._

CASTLE STREET SCHOOL, was founded by Dr. Tennison, at the same time with the library. In 1697, that gentleman gave 1000_l._ towards a fund for the maintenance of his foundation, and some time after, by the consent of Dr. Patrick, Bishop of Ely, another sum of 500_l._ which had been left them jointly in trust, to dispose of in charitable uses, as they thought proper: which two sums, together with two leasehold messuages for the term of forty years, he vested in trustees, for the support of his school and library; out of the profits of which the librarian has the allowance mentioned above; the schoolmaster, besides a commodious dwelling house, has a salary of 30_l._ _per annum_; and the usher the same salary without any apartment; for which they teach thirty boys, the sons of the inhabitants of St. Martin’s in the fields. _Maitland._

CASTLE _yard_, 1. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 2. Chick lane.* 3. Dacre street.* 4. East street, Bloomsbury.* 5. Harrow corner, Deadman’s place.* 6. Hermitage bridge, Wapping.* 7. Holborn.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Kingsland road, Shoreditch.* 10. Near the Broad way.* 11. Pennyfield street.* 12. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 13. Piccadilly. * 14. Saffron hill.*

CAT _alley_, Long lane, Smithfield.*

CAT’S HEAD _court_, Orchard street, Stable yard, Westminster.*

CAT’S _hole_, Tower ditch.

CAT’S _hole yard_, Tower ditch.

CATEATON _street_, King’s street, Cheapside.

CATHARINE _alley_, Bishopsgate street.

CATHARINE _court_, 1. Prince’s street, Threadneedle street. 2. Seething lane.

_St._ CATHARINE CREE _Church_, at the corner of Creechurch lane in Leadenhall street. The addition of the word _Cree_, arose from the English spelling of the word Christ as pronounced by the French; for this church being placed on the ground of a dissolved priory, which with its church was called our Saviour Christ’s church, tho’ it was dedicated to the virgin martyr St. Catharine, the original name of that priory became added to its denomination. The present edifice was erected in the year 1630, and is a very singular structure, built with stone, and of a mixed Gothic style. It has rounded battlements on the top, and a square tower that has the same kind of battlements: this tower is crowned with a square turret, over which is a dome, and from its summit rises the weather cock.

This is a curacy, and the parishioners have the privilege of choosing their own minister, who must be licensed by the Bishop of London. The Curate receives 70_l._ a year, exclusive of other advantages. _Maitland._

_St._ CATHARINE COLEMAN, on the south side of Fenchurch street, is thus denominated from its been dedicated to the same saint as the two former churches, and the epithet of Coleman is added from there being formerly near it a large haw, yard, or garden, called Coleman-haw.

The old church escaped the flames at the fire of London; but becoming very ruinous, was rebuilt by the parish in the year 1734. The body is lofty, and enlightened with two series of windows; and the steeple, a plain tower crowned with battlements.

This church is a rectory, in the gift of the Bishop of London. The living is worth about 100_l._ _per annum_.

_St._ CATHARINE’S _Church_, on the east side of St. Catharine’s court, near the Tower, originally belonged to an hospital founded by Matilda, consort to King Stephen, and was farther endowed by Queen Eleanor, the relict of Henry III. Queen Eleanor consort to Edward I. and King Henry VI. who not only confirmed all the former grants, and added several additional ones, but gave an ample charter to this hospital. It was exempt from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, till its suppression by Henry VIII. soon after which King Edward VI. annexed it to the diocese of London. The church, which is a very antique building, is at present collegiate, and has a master and three brethren, who have 40_l._ each; three sisters who have 20_l._ and ten beadswomen who have 8_l._ _per annum_ each: but the other profits arising from their estates, being only known to the master and brethren, are divided amongst them. _Stow_, _Maitland_.

_St._ CATHARINE’S COURTS. To this precinct belong two courts; in one of which actions of debt for any sum are tried weekly on Thursdays: and in the other, which depends upon the civil law, are decided ecclesiastical matters.

_St._ CATHARINE’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s.☐ 2. Threadneedle street.

_St._ CATHARINE’S _lane_, East Smithfield.☐

_St._ CATHARINE’S _stairs_, St. Catharine’s.☐

_St._ CATHARINE’S _street_, St. Catharine’s.☐

CATHARINE _street_, in the Strand.

CATHARINE WHEEL _alley_, 1. Blackman street.* 2. Holiwell street.* 3. St. James’s street.* 4. Kent street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Snow hill.* 7. Whitechapel.*

CATHARINE WHEEL _court_, 1. Bridgewater gardens.* 2. Snow hill.* 3. Whitechapel.*

CATHARINE WHEEL _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Blackman street.* 3. London wall.* 4. St. James’s street.* 5. West Smithfield.*

CATHARINE WHEEL AND GEORGE _yard_, Bishopsgate street.*

CATHARINE WHEEL _Inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.*

CATLIN’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†

CATSTICK _yard_, Gray’s Inn lane.

CAVENDISH _court_, Houndsditch.†

CAVENDISH _market_, Cavendish street.

CAVENDISH _square_, near Oxford street, has a spacious area which contains between two and three acres, with a large grass plat in the middle, surrounded with wooden rails, erected upon a brick wall; but both the rails and wall being much decayed, now make but an indifferent appearance. The square is, however, encompassed by noble buildings: the Lord Harcourt has a fine house on the east side; on the west is a noble edifice belonging to Mr. Lane, formerly the Lord Bingley’s; and in the center of the north side is a space left for a house intended to be erected by the late Duke of Chandos, the wings only being built; however, there is a handsome wall and gates before this space, which serve to preserve the uniformity of the square. Adjoining to this square, Lord Foley has just built a very grand house, with offices, and a court before it.

CAVENDISH _street_, Oxford street.

CAUSABOND’S _grounds_, Maiden lane.†

CECIL _court_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

CECIL _street_, in the Strand, so named from Cecil house, belonging to the great Lord Burleigh.

CECIL’S _dock_, Rotherhith wall.†

_Master of the_ CEREMONIES. See the article MASTER OF THE CEREMONIES.

CHAIN _alley_, near Crutched Friars.

CHAIN _court_, Ship yard, Temple Bar.

CHAIN _gate_, near St. Saviour’s church, Southwark.

_Lord_ CHAMBERLAIN, a great officer of the King’s houshold, who has the oversight of all the officers above stairs, except the precinct of the King’s bedchamber, which is under the government of the Groom of the stole. He has the oversight of the King’s Chaplains, notwithstanding his being a layman; also of the officers of the wardrobe, beds, tents, revels, music, comedians, hunting, and of all the physicians, apothecaries, surgeons, barbers, messengers, trumpets, drummers, tradesmen and artisans retained in his Majesty’s service. His salary is 100_l._ a year, and 1100_l._ a year board wages. His office is in Cleveland row.

CHAMBERLAIN _of London_, an officer of great trust, annually chosen on Midsummer day, tho’ he enjoys his place for life, if he is not found guilty of some great crime. He receives and pays all the city cash, and with him are deposited all public securities, for which he annually accounts to the proper auditors. As he is therefore entrusted with very considerable sums, he is obliged to give security for his fidelity, at his entrance into his office.

CHAMBERLAIN’S _Office_, is kept in Guildhall, in a room on the right hand side of the passage leading into the court of King’s bench, where this officer attends every morning, to decide the differences that arise between masters and apprentices, to enrol and turn over the latter, and to admit all who are duly qualified, to the freedom of the city; of whom there are annually admitted about fifteen hundred.

CHAMBER’S _street_, 1. Goodman’s Fields.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†

CHAMBER’S _wharf_, near the Bridge yard.†

CAMPION _lane_, Thames street.†

_Lord High_ CHANCELLOR, the supreme and sole judge in the court of Chancery, where he is to judge according to equity and conscience, and to moderate the exact rigour and letter of the common law, to which all other judges are strictly tied; but his decrees may be reversed by the house of Lords. This great officer, who is assisted by the masters in Chancery, takes precedency after the Archbishop of Canterbury, and next to the King, and Princes of the blood, is the highest person in the kingdom in civil affairs. The Lord High Chancellor is generally Keeper of the great seal, and is thence stiled Lord Keeper. See the article _Lord_ KEEPER.

CHANCELLOR _of the Exchequer_. See the article EXCHEQUER.

CHANCELLOR _of St. Paul’s_, an officer anciently called _Magister Scholarum_, from his having the literature of the city committed to his care, by which he was impowered to license all the schoolmasters in London, except those of St. Martin’s le Grand, and Mary le Bow; but at present he is only Secretary to the Chapter, and has the third stall on the north side of the choir.

_Court of_ CHANCERY. In the opinion of several learned men this court took its name from the cross bars of iron or wood, called by the Romans _cancelli_, with which it was formerly inclosed, to prevent the officers being incommoded by the crowding of the people. The Chancery consists of two courts, in one of which the Lord Chancellor proceeds according to the laws and statutes of the kingdom, and in the second, according to equity, judging rather by the spirit than the letter of the laws. In case of absence, his place upon the bench is supplied by the Master of the rolls, who also determines causes in the same equitable manner. See the article _Lord_ CHANCELLOR.

It is the peculiar business of this court to rescue people out of the hands of their oppressors, and to afford relief in case of fraud, accidents, and breach of trust. Besides, out of this court are issued writs for parliaments, charters, patents for sheriffs, writs of _certiorari_ to remove records and false judgments in inferior courts, writs of _moderata misericordia_, when a person has been amerced too high, and for a reasonable part of goods for widows and orphans. Here also are sealed and enrolled, treaties with foreign Princes, letters patent, commissions of appeal, oyer and terminer, &c.

The manner of proceeding here is much like that in the courts of the civil law; for the actions are by bill or plaint; the witnesses are privately examined; there is no jury, but all the sentences are given by the judge of the court. However as it proceeds not according to law, it is no court of record, and therefore binds only the person, his lands and goods.