Part 44

Preliminary Remarks 120 1547. (9th of October.) His Birth 123 His Origin 123 His early Studies 123 1569. Death of Isabella of Valois, Wife of Philip II. 124 Lopez de Hoyos 124 Cervantes quits Madrid 125 1568. He enters the Service of the Cardinal Acquaviva 125 1569. He visits Rome 126 He enlists under General Antonio Colonna in the Campaign against the Turks 126 1571. The combined Fleets of Venice, Spain, and the Pope assemble at Messina 126 (7th of October.) Battle of Lepanto 127 Gallant Conduct of Cervantes 127 He is wounded, and remains in the Hospital at Messina six Months 128 1572. Don John of Austria 128 Second Campaign against the Turks 128 The Spaniards alone prosecute the War 128 Attempted and unsuccessful Assault on the Castle of Navarino 128 1573. The Venetians sign a Peace with Selim 129 Cervantes enters Tunis with the Marquis de Santa Cruz, and returns to Palermo with the Fleet 129 Cervantes obtains leave to return to Spain 129 The Galley he embarked in attacked by an Algerine 129 Squadron 129 He is taken Prisoner by the Arnaout Captain 130 Piracies carried on by the Algerine Corsairs 131 Their System 131 Interesting Details of the Captivity of Cervantes 131 His Tale of the "Captive" 131 1576. His first Attempt at Escape with some of his Companions 133 Its Failure 133 Gabrièl de Castañeda ransomed; he brings Letters from Cervantes to his Father 133 1577. His Father unable to procure Money to ransom both him and his Brother; Cervantes gives up his Share to secure the Freedom of his Brother 134 He arranges another Plan of Escape 134 1578. He is purchased by Hassan Aga 137 1579. He concerts a new Plan of Escape with the Renegade Abd-al-Rhamen 138 Is again betrayed 138 His Liberation 140 He refutes certain Calumnies, of which he was the Object 141 1581. Landing of Cervantes in Spain 142 He again enters the Army; he embarks in the Squadron of Don Pedro 143 1582. He serves in a naval Battle under Santa Cruz 143 1583. Also at the Taking of Terceira 143 1584. He publishes his "Galatea" 145 His Marriage 145 1588. He accepts the Situation of Commissary to the Invincible Armada 147 1593. His Office abolished 148 He manages the Affairs, and becomes the Friend, of Don Hernando de Toledo 148 His two Sonnets 149 The Subject of the first 149 1598. A magnificent Catafalque erected in the Cathedral of Seville on the Death of Philip II. 149 Sonnet of Cervantes to the Monument of the King at Seville 151 1594. Anecdote of a mercantile Casualty which happened to Cervantes; financial Annoyance 151 1597. Another Anecdote 152 1603. He removes to Valladolid 153 He becomes the Victim of litigious Proceedings 154 He composes his "Don Quixote" 155 1604. He returns to Spain 156 A Story respecting the Dedication of "Don Quixote" to the Duke of Bejar 157 1605. Disputes respecting the Existence of the "Buscapié" 158 Satires against "Don Quixote" 160 James I. of England sends Lord Howard to present a Treaty of Peace to Philip III., and to congratulate him on the Birth of his Son 161 An Account of these Festivities, written by Cervantes 161 An Event occurs by which Cervantes is greatly distressed 161 1606. He follows the Court to Madrid 163 Despotism and Bigotry extend their Influence over Spain 163 Kindness of Don Bernardo de Sandoval, Archbishop of Toledo, to Cervantes 163 1610. Count of Lemos made Viceroy of Naples 164 The Argensolas, surnamed the Horaces of Spain 164 Disappointment of Cervantes at their Neglect 164 Anecdote of Philip III. 165 1615. The Censorship of "Don Quixote" intrusted to Francisco Marquez Torres 166 His Account of the Neglect with which the Spaniards treated Cervantes 166 1608. Preface to the "Twelve Tales" of Cervantes 167 1614. He publishes his "Voyage to Parnassus" 168 Preface to his Work, "Comedias y Entremeses" 169 1615. Poetic Games 170 The "Don Quixote" of Avellanada 170 Indignation of Cervantes on its Publication 171 Illness of Cervantes 172 1616. His Excursion from Esquivias to Madrid 172 His Adieu to the World 173 His Dedication to his Protector, the Count of Lemos 174 (23d of April.) His Death 174 His Will 174 His Character 175 His "Galatea" 175 His "Numantia;" the Plot of this Play 176 His Comedy of "A Life in Algiers" 178 Godwin's Opinion of "Don Quixote" 182 Remarks on "Don Quixote" 182 Extracts from "Voyage to Parnassus" 184

LOPE DE VEGA.

His Career and that of Cervantes compared 189 Epithets of Praise heaped on him 190 1562. His Birth 190 His Parentage 191 His Boyhood 191 An Adventure related of him while at School 192 He becomes the Protégé of Geronimo Manrique, the Grand Inquisitor 193 He enters the University of Alcala 193 He enters the Service of the Duke of Alva 194 His "Arcadia;" a Detail of the Story 195 1598. Publication of the "Arcadia" 198 Lope de Vega leaves the Duke's Service 198 His Marriage 199 He is engaged in a Duel, which causes him to go to Valencia 199 He returns to Madrid; Death of his Wife 200 1588. He becomes a Soldier, and joins the Invincible Armada 200 His Eclogue to Claudio 200 1604. His Sonnets 200 A Translation of two of his Sonnets 202 Some Account of his "Dorotea" 204 Sanguine Expectations of the Invincible Armada 209 Piratical Expeditions of Drake and Hawkins excite the Animosity and Vengeance of the Spaniards 209 An animated Description of the setting forth of the Invincible Armada, by Lope de Vega 210 He composes "The Beauty of Angelica" 210 1590. He returns from the Armada, and enters the Service of Count Lemos 211 His second Marriage 211 1620. His Work, "The True Lover" 212 Extracts from his Epistles 213 Uncertain Dates of the various Events of his Life 216 1598. Canonisation of St. Isidro 217 The Reputation of Lope de Vega awakens the Enmity of Rivals and Critics 217 His War with Gongora 218 1616. His unexampled Popularity 219 1621. His Novel 219 His "Soliloquies on God" 220 His Poem on the Death of Mary Queen of Scots 220 Exaggerated Account of the Quantity of his Writings 220 Anecdote of him and Montalvan 221 Extract from his Poems 222 1635. His Presentiments of his approaching Dissolution 225 (18th of August) His Death 226 His Funeral 226 His Person 227 His Character 227 The "Dragon tea" 228 The "Jerusalem" 229 Difficulties of establishing the Theatre in Spain 230 Spanish Theatres 231 Analysis of the "Star of Seville," by Lord Holland 233 Sacred Dramas and Autos Sacramentales of Lope de Vega 235 Incongruities of his Plots 236

VICENTE ESPINEL. ESTEVAN DE VILLEGAS.

The Poetry of Spain 238 1544. Birth of Vicente Espinel 239 His Parentage 239 1634. His Death 240 1595. Birth of Estévan Manuel de Villégas, named the Anacreon of Spain 240 His Parentage 240 1618. His original Anacreontics published 240 1626. His Marriage 241 1669. His Death 241 Translation of one of his Sapphics 242

GONGORA.

1561. (11th of July.) His Birth 243 His Parentage 243 A cursory Review of his Life 243 1627. (24th of May.) His Death 244 His Person and Disposition 245 His early Poetry 245 His Style 245 His "Song of Catherine of Arragon" 246 Extract from his Songs 247 His System 248 Quotations from Lope de Vega, showing the Absurdity of Gongora's Style 248 The "Polyphemus" of Gongora 252 Extract from his "Solitudes" 252

QUEVEDO.

The Talent and Genius of the Spaniards during the fourteenth and fifteenth Centuries 255 Their Energies and Genius blighted by the Infamy of the Political Institutions 256 1580. (September.) Birth of Quevedo 256 His Parentage 256 He enters the University of Alcalà 256 A Circumstance occurs which obliges him to quit the Court 257 He takes refuge in Italy 258 Don Pedro Giron Duke of Osuna 258 His Character 258 The Court of Philip III. 258 Quevedo sent as Ambassador to Madrid 259 His Success; a Pension bestowed on him 259 Duke of Osuna advanced to the Viceroyalty of Naples; his Victories over the Turks 259 The Spanish Power threatens to become omnipotent in Italy 260 Charles Emanuel endeavours to make head against it 260 The Duke of Osuna opposes the Venetians 260 The lawless and dishonourable Means he takes 260 He protects the Uscocchi against the Venetians 260 The Merchants of Naples and the French make Representations at the Court of Madrid in consequence 260 Osuna ordered to suspend Hostilities 260 1618. The Bedmar Conspiracy 261 Quevedo and Osuna supposed to be implicated in the Plot 262 Quevedo escapes from Venice 262 Osuna continues Viceroy of Naples; he is suspected of intending to arrogate Power independent of the King 263 He is ordered to return to Madrid 263 Cautious proceedings of the Court with respect to him 264 Cardinal Don Gaspar de Borgia is named his Successor 264 Return of Osuna to Spain 264 1624. His Imprisonment and Death 264 1620. Quevedo, his attachment to Osuna 264 He is suspected of participating in his treasonable Designs 265 His Imprisonment in consequence 265 His Liberation 265 1632. He is made Secretary to the King 266 1634. He leaves the Church, and marries 266 His Wife dies 266 His own Words, alluding to his evil Fate 267 1641. He is suspected of being the Author of certain Libels; is arrested and imprisoned in Consequence 268 Two Letters of his 269 His Memorial to Count Olivarez 270 His Liberation 271 1647. (September 8th.) His Death 272 His Person 272 His Character 272 His Style 273 A singular Circumstance appertaining to his literary Career 274 Critique on his Prose Writings 275 His "Vision of Calvary" 276 His "Alguazil possessed" 277

CALDERON.

Misrule and Oppression destroy the Spirit and Intellect of Spain 278 Luzan 278 Moratin 278 1601. Birth of Calderon 279 His illustrious Descent 279 He enters the University of Salamanca 279 1620. He leaves Salamanca 280 1626. He enters the Military Service 280 He serves in the Milanese and Flanders 280 1637. He is recalled to Court 280 Innumerable Dramas appear under the patronage of Philip IV. 280 He summons Calderon to his Court 281 1650. Marriage of Philip VI. with Maria Ana of Austria 281 Calderon quits the military Career, and becomes a Priest 281 1654. He becomes Chaplain to the Royal Chapel at Toledo 282 1687. (May 29th.) His Death 282 His Character 282 Characteristics of his Plays 283 Character of his Poetry 285

THE EARLY POETS OF PORTUGAL RIBEYRO--GIL VICENTE--SAA DE MIRANDA--FERREIRA.

Original Portuguese Tongue 288 Alphonso Henriquez, Founder of the Portuguese Monarchy 288 Portuguese Poetry 289 1487. Bartolomeo Diaz doubles the Cape of Good Hope 289 Vasco de Gama visits the Shores of India 289 A Portuguese Kingdom founded in Hindostan 290 Bernardim Ribeyro, the Ennius of Portugal 290 Saa de Miranda, Founder of Portuguese Poetry 291 Gil Vicente, the Portuguese Plautus 292 Antonio Ferreira, the Portuguese Horace 292 1569. His Death 293 His Style 293

CAMOENS.