Part 43

1778. His Birth 354 His Origin 354 The Ionian Islands 355 Foscolo studies at Padua under Cesarotti 355 1797. His Tragedy of "Thyestes" represented at Venice 357 Foscolo becomes a voluntary Exile 357 His "Letters of Jacopo Ortis" 357 His Opinion of Bonaparte 359 He visits Tuscany 360 And Florence 360 He goes to Milan; Description of the Cisalpine Republic 361 Foscolo becomes acquainted with Monti 361 Likeness between him and his imaginary Hero, Ortis 362 His unfortunate Attachment for a Pisan Lady 362 He joins the Lombard Legion 363 1800. Invasion of the Austrio-Russians 363 Foscolo joins the French Army at Genoa 363 Siege of Genoa 364 Foscolo, his Letter to Bonaparte 364 (June 4th.) Surrender of Genoa 365 Conveyance of the Garrison to France by the English Fleet; Foscolo accompanies them 365 "Ortis" 366 Comparison between Goethe's "Werter" and "Ortis" 366 Person and Manners of Foscolo 369 1802. Meeting of a Congress at Lyons to reform the Cisalpine Republic 370 Foscolo, his "Oration to Bonaparte" 370 Foscolo holds a Commission in the Italian Legion 372 His Translation of Sterne's "Sentimental Journey" 373 1805. He becomes intimate with General Caffarelli 375 The Brescians 375 Foscolo, his "Ode on Sepulchres" 375 1808. He is made Professor of Eloquence in the University of Pavia; his Introductory Oration 377 He incurs the Displeasure of Bonaparte 378 Loses his Professorship, and retires to the Lake of Como 378 Description of the Lake 378 His Tragedy of "Ajax" 379 Its Politics found fault with; he is persecuted in consequence 380 He is exiled from Milan, and visits Tuscany 380 1813. Manifesto of Lord William Bentinek 382 Treaty of Fontainebleau 382 Foscolo, his Adherence to the Cause of Liberty 384 His Conversation with Pecchio 385 He resides in Italy 385 Lord Castlereagh 386 Arrival of Foscolo in England 386 His Retreat at St. John's Wood 387 1822. Pecchio visits him 387 Foscolo, his "Ricciarda" 388 The Story on which it is founded 388 Dedicated to Lord William Russell 388 1823. Lady Dacre interests herself in behalf of Foscolo 389 Description of Foscolo's House at South Bank 389 Imprudence of Foscolo; his pecuniary Difficulties 392 1827. (October 10th.) His Death 392 His Character 393

TABLE,

ANALYTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL,

TO THE THIRD VOLUME OF

LIVES OF

EMINENT LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MEN OF ITALY, SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL.

INTRODUCTION. A.D.

Preliminary Remarks 1 Aborigines of Spain 2 Silius Italicus 2 Lucan 2 The Senecas 2 The Roman Power in Spain annihilated by the Visigoths 3 Anecdotes of the Goths 3 Conquest of Spain by the Moors 3 The University of Cordova founded by Abdorhaman III. 4 Settlement of the Jews in Spain 4 Arabic Authors 5 The Romances Moriscos 5 Troubadours 5 Mosen Jordi de Sant Jordi 6 The Redondillas 7 The Cancionero general and the Romancero general 9 Quotation from Doctor Bowring's Translation of the Redondillas 9 Romances of Chivalry 10 1325. Vasco Lobeira 10 Alphonso X., surnamed the Wise 11 The Cultivation which he bestowed on the Castilian Language 11 His Works 11 The Alphonsine Tables 11 Alphonso XI. 11 Spain desolated by Civil Wars 12 Juan Ruiz 12 1407. John II., his disastrous Reign 12 The Marquis of Villena institutes Floral Games 13 1434. His Death 13 Marquis of Santillana 13 Marcias, his melancholy Fate 13 1412. Juan de Mena, the Ennius of Spain 14 His Birth 14 His Origin 14 He studies at the University of Salamanca 14 His Works 15 1456. His Death 15 Quintano, his Opinion of the "Labyrinto" 15 Juan de Enzina, Author of the first Spanish Plays 17 His Birth 17 His Songs and Lyrics 18 His Name becomes proverbial in Spain by his Song of Contraries or Absurdities 18 A Quotation from Doctor Bowring's Translation 18 Union of the Crowns of Castile and Arragon 19 Castilian adopted as the classic Language of the Country 20

BOSCAN.

The first Spanish Poet who introduced the Italian Style 21 1500. His Birth 21 His noble Descent 21 His Marriage 21 Chosen Governor to the Duke of Alva 22 1525. Andrea Navagero, the Venetian Ambassador 22 His Arrival at the Court of Charles V. at Toledo; he meets with Boscan and Garcilaso 22 He induces them to quit their national Redondillas 22 This Circumstance referred to by Boscan in the Dedication of his Poems to the Duchess of Soma 23 A Translation of one of Garcilaso's Poems 24 Translation of the Epistle of Boscan to Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza 26 1543. Petrarch and Boscan compared 34

GARCILASO DE LA VEGA.

His illustrious Descent 36 1503. His Birth 37 Accession of Charles V. 38 Death of Cardinal Ximenes 38 Election of Charles to the Imperial Crown, and his intended Departure for Germany 38 Revolution in Spain in consequence 38 Garcilaso distinguishes himself at the Battle of Pavia 39 1528. His Marriage 39 1532. Invasion of Hungary by Solyman 39 Garcilaso falls into Disgrace at Court 39 His Exile 39 His Ode in Commemoration of his Imprisonment 40 Muley Hassan driven out of Algiers by Barbarossa, who possesses himself of it 40 He fortifies the Citadel 41 Algiers invested by the Emperor Charles 41 Garcilaso serves in the Imperial Army; his Gallantry nearly proves fatal to him 41 Return of Charles to Italy 41 Garcilaso, his Residence at Naples 41 Quotation from his Elegy to Boscan 42 1535. (5th of August.) Cardinal Bembo, his Letter to a Friend in Commendation of Garcilaso 42 His Letter to Garcilaso 44 Charles V. enters France; he recals Garcilaso, and confers on him the Command over eleven Companies of Infantry 45 Epistle of Garcilaso to Boscan from Vaucluse 45 1536. Death of Garcilaso while attacking a Tower 46 His Character 47 His Children 47 His second Eclogue 47 Quotation from it 49 Translation of his Ode to the "Flower of Gnido" 53

MENDOZA.

His numerous Titles 58 1500. His Birth 58 His noble Extraction 58 Originality of his Genius 59 He studies Theology in the University of Salamanca 59 He leaves the Clerical Profession 59 Appointed Ambassador to Venice 59 1545. Deputed to attend the Council of Trent 60 1547. He is made Governor and Captain General of Siena 60 The Salvi 60 1545. A new Oligarchy erected in Siena 61 Revolt of Siena 61 Mendoza, his Government; he leaves Siena; on the Death of Paul III. he repairs to Rome to watch the Progress of the Conclave 62 The Sienese take Advantage of his Absence, and solicit the Aid of the French King 63 Mendoza applies to the Pope for Assistance; he evades his Request 63 1552. Loss of Siena to the Emperor 63 1554. Recal of Mendoza to Spain 64 1557. Battle of St. Quentin 65 Mendoza present at it; characteristic Adventure related of him 65 He composes his Work on "The History of the War of the Moriscos in Granada" 65 1776. A complete Edition of his Works published 67 1775. Death of Mendoza; his Character 67 Critique on his Poetry 68

LUIS DE LEON.

Preliminary Remarks 70 1527. His Birth 71 His Childhood 71 Becomes Doctor of Theology to the University of Salamanca 72 1561. His Election to the Chair of St. Thomas 72 His Enemies 72 1572. He translates the Song of Solomon into Spanish, for which he is imprisoned by the Inquisition at Valladolid 72 His Odes to the Virgin written during his Imprisonment 73 1576. His Liberation 76 He visits Madrid 76 1591. He is elected Vicar-General of his Province 76 (23d of August.) His Death 76 His Person 76 His Character 77 His Theological Works 78 His Translations 78 A Quotation from one of his Odes, and a Translation of it 79

FERNANDO HERRERA.

An Account of him by Rodrigo Caro 83 Opinions of different Spanish Writers on his Poems 86 His "Ode to Sleep" 87

SAA DE MIRANDA.

1494. His Birth 88 Style of his Poetry 88

JORGE DE MONTEMAYOR.

1520. His Birth 89 Origin of his Name 89 He emigrates to Castile 89 His Work "Diana," critical Remarks on it 89 1661. Supposed Time of his Death 92

CASTILLEJO.

1580. Fernando de Acuna 92 1550. Gil Polo 92 Cetina 93 1596. Cristoval Castillejo 93 His Satires 93

THE DRAMATISTS.

"Celestina, Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea" 95 The Plot of this Play 95 1515. A Translation of the Amphitryon of Plautus, printed, and of the Electra of Sophocles 96 Perez de Oliva 96 Obscurity of the earliest regular Dramas written in Spanish 97 Bartolomé Torres Naharro, his Dramatic Writings 97 Lope de Rueda, his Birth 98 Account of him by Cervantes 98 His Plays 99 State of Literature under Charles V. 100 Originality the Distinctive of the Spanish Character 101

ERCILLA.

Preliminary Remarks 103 1533. (7th of March.) Don Alonso de Ercilla; his Birth 104 His Ancestors 104 His Education 104 He is made Page of Honour to Prince Philip 104 Ambition of Charles V. 105 Insurrection of the Araucanos in South America 105 The Charge of subduing them committed to Geronimo de Alderete 105 Ercilla leaves the personal Service of the Prince, and follows the Adelantado to the East 106 Expedition of Don Garcia against the Araucanos 106 Ercilla distinguishes himself in the Indian War 107 Philip II. succeeds to the Throne of Spain 108 Ercilla escapes an early and disastrous End 109 Cruelties committed by Lope de Aguirre on the Indians at Venezuela 110 1562. Ercilla returns to Spain; his Marriage 111 He is appointed Chamberlain to Maximilian II. 112 1580. His Destitution and Abandonment 112 1595. The supposed Time of his Death 113 His Character 113 His "Araucana;" Analysis and partial Translation of it 115 Critique on it 116

CERVANTES.