Part 42

His obscure Origin 185 1698. (13th of January.) His Birth; his Name 185 His Adoption by Vincenzo Gravina 185 His first Tragedy, "Giustino" 186 His Letter to Algarotti 187 His Letter to Don Saverio Mattei 188 Death of his adopted Father Gravina 189 His Studies 189 His Imprudence 189 Commences the Study of the Law at Naples 190 He composes his "Orti Esperidi" 190 He quits his Legal Studies 191 And resides at the House of the Prima Donna Marianna Bulgarelli 191 He studies Music 192 1594. Operatic Dramas first introduced at Florence 192 1724. Metastasio composes his "Didone Abbandonato;" also his "Siroe" 192 He accompanies the Prima Donna to Rome 193 1727. He writes his Drama of "Cato" 193 1729. He is invited to become the Court Poet of Vienna 193 Apostolo Zeno 194 1730. Metastasio fulfils his Engagement to the Roman Theatre 194 He enters on his Employments at Vienna; Success of his Dramas 194 Becomes Treasurer of the Province of Cosenza, in Naples 195 His Letters to Marianna Bulgarelli 196 1733. Her Death 198 Metastasio's Letters to his Brother on her Death 198 His Style 200 His "Attilio Regulo" 201 "Themistocles" and "Olimpiade:" his Dramas 202 His Canzonetti 203 1740. Death of the Emperor Charles VI. 203 1745. Francis I. elected Emperor 204 Several European Sovereigns invite Metastasio to their Court 204 His Malady 204 His Letters 205 His Letter to his Brother on the Death of his Father 205 1770. Death of his Brother Leopold 208 1737. Farinelli 208 1746. Death of Philip V. of Spain 209 1763. Accession of Charles III. 209 Physical Sufferings of Metastasio 209 Death of the Empress Maria Theresa 209 1772. Doctor Burney's Account of Metastasio 210 1782. (12th of April.) Death of Metastasio 211

GOLDONI.

1707. His Birth 213 His Origin 213 1712. Death of his Grandfather; Pecuniary Difficulties of his Family 214 Education of Goldoni 215 His Departure with his Family from Perugia 216 Carlo Goldoni studies at Rimini 216 His Parents embark for Chiozza 216 Description of Chiozza 216 Goldoni escapes from Rimini 217 He arrives at Chiozza 218 He studies the Law under his Uncle, at Venice 219 1723. His Success at the University of Pavia 220 His Expulsion, and the Cause of it 221 Returns to his Parents 221 He pursues his Legal Studies at Modena 222 He determines to become a Monk 223 Prudent Conduct of his Parents on this Occasion 223 Goldoni becomes Coadjutor to the Chancellor of Feltri 224 He falls in Love 224 1731. He joins his Father at Ravenna 225 Death of the elder Goldoni 225 Goldoni enters the Profession of Barrister, at Venice 225 An Incident occurs which destroys his Prospects 226 His Tragedy of "Amalasunta" 228 Its Fate 229 Buonafede Vitali 229 1733. Siege of Milan 230 Journey of Goldoni to Modena 230 Disasters which he met with 231 1734. His "Belisarius" acted at Vienna 232 Good Fortune which he meets with at Genoa 233 His Marriage 233 He attempts to reform the Italian Theatre 233 The old Comedy of Italy 234 Goldoni obtains the Genoese Consulship at Venice 235 He meets with a Ragusan Adventurer 235 1741. His Play on the Subject 235 His Life at Rimini 236 His Journey to Cattolica, and the Misfortune that befell him 237 He becomes a Pleader at the Pisan Bar 238 His Comedies 238 His Style 239 The Plot of his "Donne Puntigliose" 240 Story of the "Donna Prudente" 241 His "Pettegollezzi" 241 The Subject of "Villeggiatura" and the "Smanie della Villeggiatura" 242 His other Comedies 243 1760. He receives an Offer from the French Court 245 1761. His Debût as an Author in the French Capital 246 1792. His Death 246

ALFIERI.

The Italian Poets of the early Ages 247 1749. (17th of January.) Birth of Vittorio Alfieri 250 His noble Origin 250 His Childhood 251 His Education 252 Account of the Academy of Turin 252 System of Education 253 Effect of Music on the Mind of Alfieri 255 Circumstances of his Life altered by the Death of his Uncle 256 1763. Change of his Situation in College 256 Effect of this on his Conduct 256 His Extravagance 257 His Confinement 257 1764. His Liberation on the Marriage of his Sister Julia 258 His Return to College 259 1765. His Journey to Genoa 259 1766. He enters the Provincial Army of Asti 260 His dislike of Military Discipline; he obtains Leave of Absence 260 His Tour 261 His second Leave of Absence; his second Tour 265 His first Entrance into Paris 265 His enthusiastic Feelings on visiting England 266 He returns to Turin, and resides with his Sister 267 1769. He takes another Tour 268 His second Visit to England; his Love Adventure 269 He returns to Paris 271 His Quarrel with his Servant 271 1772. Returns to Turin, and becomes a Cavaliere Servente 272 1774. He determines to break off this disgraceful Intercourse 274 His first Attempt at Composition 274 1777. He enters into an Engagement with the Public to write Tragedies 276 He visits Siena; his Friendship with Francesco Gori 278 He visits Florence 279 His Attachment for Louisa de Stolberg, Countess of Albany 280 He makes a Donation of his Property to his Sister Julia 280 The distinguishing Marks of his Dramas 282 Distinction between Shakspeare and other Dramatic Writers 283 Alfieri, his Tragedy of "Philip," its Subject 284 He continues the _Amico di Casa_ of the Countess of Albany 286 Cruel Conduct of her Husband 286 She is separated from him 286 Alfieri at Rome with the Countess 287 1782. He completes his fourteen Tragedies 288 His Intercourse with the Countess of Albany begins to excite Censure 289 He goes into voluntary Exile in consequence of his Sufferings 290 1783. He visits England to purchase Horses 290 He returns to Italy 291 His Visit to the Countess of Albany at Alsatia 291 He composes his "Agis," "Sofonisba," and "Mirra" 291 Death of his Friend Gori 292 Returns to Siena 292 Countess of Albany visits Paris 293 She goes to Baden, where she is joined by Alfieri 293 Residence of Alfieri at Colmar 293 1787. His Illness; visited by his Friend the Abbate Caluso 293 The Countess at Paris; Alfieri joins her 293 Death of her Husband 294 Corrected Editions of Alfieri's Tragedies 294 1790. His Translation of the Comedies of Terence 294 His Treatise on "Princes and Literature;" Critique on his Style 295 1791. He accompanies the Countess of Albany to England 296 They return to Paris 296 1792. (10th of August.) The French Revolution 296 Imprisonment of Louis XVI. 296 Departure of the Countess and Alfieri from Paris; their Furniture, Horses, and Books confiscated 297 They return to Florence 297 The Tragedy of "Saul" acted, Alfieri performing the Part of the King 298 He studies the Greek Language 299 Invasion of Italy by the French 299 Alfieri and the Countess leave Florence 299 French driven from Tuscany 299 Second Invasion of the French; Effect of these political Events on the Mind of Alfieri 300 (8th of October.) His Death 301 His Tomb 301

MONTI.

Arcadian Poetry 303 1754. (19th of February.) His Birth 305 His Parentage 305 Italian Farmers 305 Early Boyhood of Monti 306 Anecdote of him 306 His Studies at Faenza 307 Destined by his Father to Agricultural Labour; his Dislike of this Occupation 307 Ineffectual Attempts of his Father to overcome this 308 His first Italian Poem; he adopts Alighieri as his Model 308 His "Vision of Ezekiel" 308 Cardinal Borghese takes Monti under his Protection; he accompanies the Cardinal to Rome 309 1780. The Arcadians of the Bosco Parrasio celebrate the Quinquenalli of Pius VI. 309 Monti made Secretary to the Duke of Braschi 309 His want of political Integrity 310 His Ode on the Marriage of the Duke of Braschi 311 1779. His Ambition excited by the Emulation inspired by Alfieri 311 1787. His "Aristodemo" acted at Rome with great Success 312 Plot of this Tragedy 312 Marriage of Monti 313 Hugh Basseville 314 Sent by the French to spread their Revolutionary Tenets beyond the Alps 314 His History of the French Revolution 315 1793. His Assassination 315 (January 19th.) Louis XVI. beheaded 315 Monti, his Poem, the "Basvilliana" 315 His Poem on the French Revolution 316 His Plagiarism 316 Spread of French Republicanism 317 Defeat of the Austrians 317 1797. (January 3d.) Cisalpine Republic erected 318 Monti meets General Marmont at Rome 318 He proceeds with him to Florence 318 Monti, his Admiration of Napoleon 318 Made Secretary of Foreign Affairs at Milan 319 He suffers Persecution 319 A Law passed by the Cisalpine Republic 319 Monti loses his Situation in consequence 319 His "Musogonia" 319 Subject of his Poem entitled "Prometeo" 320 He obtains the Professor's Chair of Belles Lettres in Brera 321 1799. Suvaroff and the Austrians drive the French from Italy 321 End of the Italian Republics 321 Deplorable Destitution of Monti during his Exile 321 Goes to Pans on the Invitation of Mareschalchi 322 He composes a Hymn and an Ode on the Victory of Marengo 322 He returns to Italy 323 His Poem, the "Mascheroniana" 323 His Tragedy, "Caius Gracchus" 325 1802. The Cisalpine Congress meet at Lyons 326 Bonaparte made President 326 Monti, his Ode to Napoleon in the Name of the Congress 326 He obtains a Professorship at Pavia 327 Goes to Milan, where a Number of Offices are conferred on him 327 1805. Napoleon crowned King of Italy 327 Monti commanded to celebrate the Event 327 He composes his "Il Benificio" 328 His "Spada di Federico" 329 His "Palingenesi" 329 His "Jerogamia" 331 Remarks on "the Winged Horse of Arsinoe" 332 Translation of the Iliad 332 Visconti, his Praise of Monti's Iliad 333 1814. Overthrow of Napoleon 333 Monti loses all his public Employments 333 Pensions bestowed on him by the Emperor of Austria 333 He composes the "Mistico Omaggio" 334 His other Works 335 1812. Marriage of his Daughter 335 Her Poem "On a Rose" 335 The Della Crusca Controversy 336 Different Dialects of Italy 336 Bocca Romana 337 Florentine Dialect 337 Dispute of Monti with the Tuscans 338 Extracts from his Letters to his Friend Mustoxidi 338 Monti resides at Milan 340 Beauty of his Recitation 341 Extract of his Letters to a Friend on the Classic and Romantic Schools 341 1821-1822. Monti resides with his Daughter and Son-in-law, at Pesaro 343 1821. Monti, his Letter to his Wife 343 Another Letter to his Wife 344 1822. His Letter, giving a Picture of Italian Manners 345 His Visit to Pesaro on the Death of his Son-in-law 347 His Letter to his Friend Mustoxidi 347 1823. His Illness 348 1828. (13th of October.) His Death 350 His Character 350 His Person 351

UGO FOSCOLO.