Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction
chapter X., and, so far as the writer is informed, the only living
member who served in the United States Senate during that eventful period. Coming, as it does, from one who supported many of Mr. Lincoln’s most cherished measures, the letter will be welcomed as a valuable historical document. It contrasts forcibly the Presidential plan with the theory of Senator Sumner, and though written on August 21, 1901, more than a generation after the occurrence of the principal events discussed in this book, it is characterized by the clearness and the energy of expression which marked even the unpremeditated addresses of the Senator’s Congressional career. On the subject of reunion he writes as follows:
“Time, in my judgment, has stamped its approval on Mr. Lincoln’s views touching the questions of reconstruction during the Civil War. He was always calm and judicial. He was philosophical in periods of the most intense excitement. He never lost his head, but under all circumstances preserved his temper and his judgment. He was not the buffoon described by his enemies. On the contrary, he was a wise statesman, a learned lawyer, and a conscientious patriot; and, better than all, an honest man.
“The infirmity in Mr. Sumner’s theories of reconstruction came from the great exuberance of his learning. He ransacked history, ancient and modern, for precedents growing out of civil wars. But these precedents all antedated the American Constitution. They grew out of monarchical systems of government, and had no relation to the republican forms created by our Constitution. Under our system there can be no suicide of a State. Individual citizens by rebellion and disloyalty may forfeit their political rights, but the State as an entity commits no treason and forfeits no rights to existence. Under our Constitution the State cannot die. It is the duty of the Federal Government to see that it does not die—that it shall never cease to exist. If the State be invaded from without, the duty of the General Government is to protect and defend it. If domestic violence threatens the subversion of the local government, the nation’s duty is to intervene and uphold the hands of those who maintain the laws. The trustee of an express trust cannot excuse himself to a minority of the beneficiaries because the majority repudiate his agency.
“‘The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government.’ No State government is republican in form that does not acknowledge the supremacy of the Federal Constitution. This is the essential test of republicanism. No State can enter the Union without conforming its Constitution to this supreme organic law. And whenever by force or violence, a majority of its citizens undertake to withdraw the State from its obedience to Federal law and to repudiate the sovereignty of the Federal Government, it at once becomes the duty of Congress to act.
“This duty of Congress is not to destroy the State or to declare it a suicide, and proceed to administer on its effects. On the contrary, the duty clearly is to preserve the State, to restore it to its old republican forms. Its duty is not to territorialize the State and proceed to govern it as a conquered colony. The duty is not one of demolition, but one of restoration. It is not to make a Constitution, but to guarantee that the old Constitution or one equally republican in form, and made by the loyal citizens of the State, shall be upheld and sustained.
“If a majority of the people of a State conspire to subvert its republican forms, that majority may be, and should be, put down by the Federal power, while the minority, however few, sustaining republican forms may be constitutionally installed as the political power of the State.
“These, as I understand, were the views of Mr. Lincoln; and they were not the views of Mr. Sumner, as enunciated in his resolutions of 1862 and advocated by him in his subsequent career in the Senate.
“A departure from these views gave us the carpet-bag governments of the Southern States, and brought upon us divers other evils in our ideas and theories of government, whose effects are yet visible.”
Footnote 498:
N. & H., Vol. X., p. 145.
APPENDIX A THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
SENATE
First session, July 4, 1861, to August 6, 1861. Republicans (31) in Roman, Democrats (10) in _Italics_, Unionists (7) in =SMALL CAPITALS=, vacancies 2.
Second session, Dec. 1, 1862, to Mar. 4, 1864.
CALIFORNIA.—_Milton S. Latham_ and _James A. McDougall_ (_vice_ E. D. Baker, who died).
CONNECTICUT.—James Dixon and Lafayette S. Foster.
DELAWARE.—_James A. Bayard_ and _Willard Saulsbury_.
ILLINOIS.—Lyman Trumbull and Orville H. Browning.
INDIANA.—Henry S. Lane and _Jesse D. Bright_ (expelled Feb. 5, 1862, and was succeeded by _David Turpie_).
IOWA.—James W. Grimes and James Harlan.
KANSAS.—James H. Lane and Samuel C. Pomeroy.
KENTUCKY.—_Lazarus W. Powell_ and =Garrett Davis= (_vice_ _John C. Breckenridge_, expelled).
MAINE.—Lot M. Morrill and William Pitt Fessenden.
MASSACHUSETTS.—Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson.
MARYLAND.—=Anthony Kennedy= and _James A. Pearce_ (died Dec. 20, 1862, and was succeeded by =Thomas H. Hicks=).
MICHIGAN.—Zachariah Chandler and Jacob M. Howard.
MINNESOTA.—_Henry M. Rice_ and Morton S. Wilkinson.
MISSOURI.—=John B. Henderson= (_vice_ Trusten Polk, expelled) and =Robert Wilson= (_vice_ Waldo Porter Johnson, expelled).
NEW HAMPSHIRE.—John P. Hale and Daniel Clark.
NEW YORK.—Preston King and Ira Harris.
NEW JERSEY.—John C. Ten Eyck and _John R. Thomson_ (died Sept. 12, 1862, Richard S. Field was temporarily appointed to fill the vacancy, and James W. Wall was subsequently elected for the unexpired term).
OHIO.—Benjamin F. Wade and John Sherman (_vice_ Salmon P. Chase, who resigned Mar. 6, 1861).
OREGON.—Edward D. Baker (died Oct. 21, 1861, and was succeeded by =Benjamin F. Harding=) and _James W. Nesmith_.
PENNSYLVANIA.—Edgar Cowan and David Wilmot (_vice_ Simon Cameron, who resigned in March, 1861).
RHODE ISLAND.—Henry B. Anthony and James F. Simmons (resigned, =Samuel G. Arnold= elected to fill the unexpired term).
VERMONT.—Solomon Foot and Jacob Collamer.
VIRGINIA.—=Waitman T. Willey= and =John S. Carlile=.
WISCONSIN.—James R. Doolittle and Timothy O. Howe.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CALIFORNIA.—Aaron A. Sargent, Timothy G. Phelps, Frederick F. Low.
CONNECTICUT.—Dwight Loomis, _James E. English_, Alfred A. Burnham, _George C. Woodruff_.
DELAWARE.—=George P. Fisher.=
ILLINOIS.—Elihu B. Washburne, Isaac N. Arnold, Owen Lovejoy, William Kellogg, _William A. Richardson_, _James C. Robinson_, _Philip B. Fouke_, _John A. Logan_.
INDIANA.—_John Law_, _James A. Cravens_, William McKee Dunn, _William S. Holman_, George W. Julian, Albert G. Porter, _Daniel W. Voorhees_, Albert S. White, Schuyler Colfax, William Mitchell, John P. C. Shanks.
IOWA.—James F. Wilson, William Vandever.
KANSAS.—Martin F. Conway.
KENTUCKY.—=James S. Jackson= (died in 1862 and was succeeded by =George H. Yeaman=), =Henry Grider=, =Aaron Harding=, =Charles A. Wickliffe=, =George W. Dunlap=, =Robert Mallory=, =John J. Crittenden=, =William H. Wadsworth=, =John W. Menzies=, =Samuel L. Casey= (_vice_ Mr. Burnett, expelled).
MAINE.—John N. Goodwin, Charles W. Walton (resigned, Thos. A. D. Fessenden elected to fill vacancy), Samuel C. Fessenden, Anson P. Morrill, John H. Rice, Frederick A. Pike.
MARYLAND.—=John W. Crisfield=, =Edwin H. Webster=, =Cornelius L. L. Leary=, _Henry May_, =Francis Thomas=, =Charles B. Calvert=.
MASSACHUSETTS.—Thomas D. Eliot, James Buffinton, Benjamin F. Thomas (sometimes classed as a Unionist), Alexander H. Rice, Samuel Hooper, John B. Alley, Daniel W. Gooch, Charles R. Train, Goldsmith F. Bailey (died May 8, 1862, and was succeeded by Amasa Walker), Charles Delano, Henry L. Dawes.
MICHIGAN.—Bradley F. Granger, Fernando C. Beaman, Francis W. Kellogg, Rowland E. Trowbridge.
MINNESOTA.—Cyrus Aldrich and William Windom.
MISSOURI.—Francis P. Blair, jr. (resigned in 1862), =James S. Rollins=, =William A. Hall=, _Elijah H. Norton_, =Thomas L. Price=, _John S. Phelps_, _John W. Noell_.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.—Gilman Marston, Edward H. Rollins, Thomas M. Edwards.
NEW JERSEY.—John T. Nixon, John L. N. Stratton, _William G. Steele_, _George T. Cobb_, _Nehemiah Perry_.
NEW YORK.—_Edward H. Smith_, _Moses F. Odell_, _Benjamin Wood_, _James E. Kerrigan_, William Wall, Frederick A. Conkling, _Elijah Ward_, _Isaac C. Delaplaine_, _Edward Haight_, Charles H. Van Wyck, _John B. Steele_, Stephen Baker, Abraham B. Olin, _Erastus Corning_, James B. McKean, William A. Wheeler, Socrates N. Sherman, _Chauncey Vibbard_, Richard Franchot, Roscoe Conkling, R. Holland Duell, William E. Lansing, Ambrose W. Clark, Charles B. Sedgwick, Theodore M. Pomeroy, Jacob P. Chamberlain, Alexander S. Diven, Robert B. Van Valkenburg, Alfred Ely, Augustus Frank, Burt Van Horn, Elbridge G. Spaulding, Reuben E. Fenton.
OHIO.—_George H. Pendleton_, John A. Gurley, _Clement L. Vallandigham_, _William Allen_, James M. Ashley, _Chilton A. White_, =Richard A. Harrison=, Samuel Shellabarger, _Warren P. Noble_, Carey A. Trimble, Valentine B. Horton, _Samuel S. Cox_, Samuel T. Worcester, Harrison G. Blake, _Robert H. Nugen_, William P. Cutler, _James R. Morris_, Sidney Edgerton, Albert G. Riddle, John Hutchins, John A. Bingham.
OREGON.—George K. Shiel.
PENNSYLVANIA.—_William E. Lehman_, _Charles J. Biddle_, John P. Verree, William D. Kelley, William Morris Davis, John Hickman, _Thomas B. Cooper_ (died April 4, 1862, and was succeeded by John D. Stiles), _Sydenham E. Ancona_, Thaddeus Stevens, John W. Killinger, James H. Campbell, =Hendrick B. Wright=, _Philip Johnson_, Galusha A. Grow, James T. Hale, _Joseph Baily_, Edward McPherson, Samuel S. Blair, John Covode, _Jesse Lazear_, James K. Moorhead, Robert McKnight, John W. Wallace, John Patton, Elijah Babbitt.
RHODE ISLAND.—=George H. Browne=, =William P. Sheffield=.
TENNESSEE.—=Horace Maynard.=
VERMONT.—Ezekiel P. Walton, Justin S. Morrill, Portus Baxter.
VIRGINIA.—=Charles H. Upton=, =Edmund Pendleton=, =William G. Brown=, =Jacob B. Blair=, =Killian V. Whaley=, =Joseph E. Segar=.
WISCONSIN.—John F. Potter, Luther Hanchett (died Nov. 24, 1862, and was succeeded by Walter McIndoe), A. Scott Sloan.
DELEGATES FROM TERRITORIES
COLORADO.—Hiram P. Bennett.
DAKOTA.—John B. S. Todd.
NEBRASKA.—Samuel G. Daily.
NEVADA.—_John C. Cradlebaugh._
NEW MEXICO.—John S. Watts.
UTAH.—_John M. Bernhisel._
WASHINGTON.—James H. Wallace.
APPENDIX B THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
SENATE
First regular session, Dec. 7, 1863, to July 4, 1864.
Second session from Dec. 5, 1864, to March 3, 1865.
CALIFORNIA.—John Conness and _James A. McDougall_.
CONNECTICUT.—James Dixon and Lafayette S. Foster.
DELAWARE.—_Willard Saulsbury_ and _George Read Riddle_ (_vice_ Senator _Bayard_, who resigned).
ILLINOIS.—_William A. Richardson_ and Lyman Trumbull.
INDIANA.—_Thomas A. Hendricks_ and Henry S. Lane.
IOWA.—James Harlan and James W. Grimes.
KANSAS.—Samuel C. Pomeroy and James H. Lane.
KENTUCKY.—=Garrett Davis= (Senator =Davis= is sometimes mentioned as a Democrat) and _Lazarus W. Powell_.
MAINE.—Lot M. Morrill and William Pitt Fessenden (resigned in 1864, and was succeeded by Nathan A. Farwell).
MASSACHUSETTS.—Charles Sumner and Henry Wilson.
MARYLAND.—=Reverdy Johnson= and =Thomas H. Hicks= (died Feb. 13, 1865).
MICHIGAN.—Zachariah Chandler and Jacob M. Howard.
MINNESOTA.—Alexander Ramsey and Morton S. Wilkinson.
MISSOURI.—John B. Henderson (sometimes mentioned as a Unionist) and B. Gratz Brown (_vice_ Waldo Porter Johnson, expelled, Robert Wilson having been appointed _pro tem._).
NEW HAMPSHIRE.—Daniel Clark and John P. Hale.
NEW JERSEY.—_William Wright_ and John C. Ten Eyck.
NEW YORK.—Edwin D. Morgan and Ira Harris.
OHIO.—Benjamin F. Wade and John Sherman.
OREGON.—Benjamin F. Harding and _James W. Nesmith_.
PENNSYLVANIA.—_Charles R. Buckalew_ and Edgar Cowan.
RHODE ISLAND.—William Sprague and Henry B. Anthony.
VERMONT.—Solomon Foot and Jacob Collamer.
VIRGINIA.—=Lemuel J. Bowden= and =John S. Carlile= (sometimes mentioned as a Democrat).
WEST VIRGINIA.—Waitman T. Willey and Peter G. Van Winkle.
WISCONSIN.—James R. Doolittle and Timothy O. Howe.
NEVADA.—James W. Nye and William M. Stewart.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CALIFORNIA.—Thomas B. Shannon, William Higby, Cornelius Cole.
CONNECTICUT.—Henry C. Deming, _James E. English_, Augustus Brandegee, John H. Hubbard.
DELAWARE.—Nathaniel B. Smithers.
ILLINOIS.—Isaac N. Arnold, John F. Farnsworth, Elihu B. Washburne, _Charles M. Harris_, Owen Lovejoy (died Mar. 25, 1864, and was succeeded by Ebon C. Ingersoll), Jesse O. Norton, _John R. Eden_, _John T. Stuart_, _Lewis W. Ross_, _Anthony L. Knapp_, _James C. Robinson_, _William R. Morrison_, _William J. Allen_, _James C. Allen_.
INDIANA.—_John Law_, _James A. Cravens_, _Henry W. Harrington_, _William S. Holman_, George W. Julian, Ebenezer Dumont, _Daniel W. Voorhees_, Godlove S. Orth, Schuyler Colfax, _Joseph K. Edgerton_, _James F. McDowell_.
IOWA.—James F. Wilson, Hiram Price, William B. Allison, J. B. Grinnell, John A. Kasson, A. W. Hubbard.
KANSAS.—A. Carter Wilder.
KENTUCKY.—Lucien Anderson, =George H. Yeaman=, =Henry Grider=, =Aaron Harding=, =Robert Mallory=, Green Clay Smith, Brutus J. Clay, William H. Randall, =William H. Wadsworth=.
MAINE.—_Lorenzo D. M. Sweat_, Sidney Perham, James G. Blaine, John H. Rice, Frederick A. Pike.
MARYLAND.—John A. J. Cresswell, Edwin H. Webster, Henry Winter Davis, Francis Thomas, _Benjamin G. Harris_.
MASSACHUSETTS.—Thomas D. Eliot, Oakes Ames, Alexander H. Rice, Samuel Hooper, John B. Alley, Daniel W. Gooch, George S. Boutwell, John D. Baldwin, William B. Washburn, Henry L. Dawes.
MICHIGAN.—Fernando C. Beaman, Charles Upson, John W. Longyear, Francis W. Kellogg, _Augustus C. Baldwin_, John F. Driggs.
MINNESOTA.—William Windom, Ignatius Donnelly.
MISSOURI.—=Francis P. Blair=, jr. (seat successfully contested by Samuel Knox of St. Louis), Henry T. Blow, _John G. Scott_, Joseph W. McClurg, Sempronius H. Boyd, _Austin A. King_, Benjamin F. Loan, _William A. Hall_, _James S. Rollins_.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.—_Daniel Marcy_, Edward H. Rollins, James W. Patterson.
NEW JERSEY.—John F. Starr, _George Middleton_, _William G. Steele_, _Andrew J. Rogers_, _Nehemiah Perry_.
NEW YORK.—_Henry G. Stebbins_ (resigned in 1864 and was succeeded by _Dwight Townsend_), _Martin Kalbfleisch_, _Moses F. Odell_, _Benjamin Wood_, _Fernando Wood_, _Elijah Ward_, _John W. Chanler_, _James Brooks_, _Anson Herrick_, _William Radford_, _Charles H. Winfield_, _Homer A. Nelson_, _John B. Steele_, _John V. L. Pruyn_, _John A. Griswold_, Orlando Kellogg, Calvin T. Hulburd, James M. Marvin, Samuel F. Miller, Ambrose W. Clark, _Francis Kernan_, DeWitt C. Littlejohn, Thomas T. Davis, Theodore M. Pomeroy, Daniel Morris, Giles W. Hotchkiss, Robert Van Valkenburg, Freeman Clark, Augustus Frank, _John B. Ganson_, Reuben E. Fenton (resigned Dec. 10, 1864).
OHIO.—_George H. Pendleton_, _Alexander Long_, Robert C. Schenck, _J. F. McKinney_, _Frank C. Le Blond_, _Chilton A. White_, _Samuel S. Cox_, _William Johnson_, _Warren P. Noble_, James M. Ashley, _Wells A. Hutchins_, _William E. Fink_, _John O’Neill_, _George Bliss_, _James R. Morris_, _Joseph W. White_, Ephraim R. Eckley, Rufus P. Spaulding, James A. Garfield.
OREGON.—John R. McBride.
PENNSYLVANIA.—_Samuel J. Randall_, Charles O’Neill, Leonard Myers, William D. Kelley, M. Russell Thayer, _John D. Stiles_, John M. Broomall, _Sydenham E. Ancona_, Thaddeus Stevens, _Myer Strouse_, _Philip Johnson_, _Charles Dennison_, Henry W. Tracy, _William H. Miller_, _Joseph Bailey_, _Alexander H. Coffroth_, _Archibald McAllister_, James T. Hale, Glenni W. Scofield, Amos Myers, _John L. Dawson_, James K. Moorhead, Thomas Williams, _Jesse Lazear_.
RHODE ISLAND.—Thomas A. Jenckes, Nathan F. Dixon.
VERMONT.—Frederick E. Woodbridge, Justin S. Morrill, Portus Baxter.
VIRGINIA.—Had Senators but no Representatives. =Joseph Segar=, =Lucius H. Chandler= and =Benjamin M. Kitchen=, claimants for seats, were not admitted.
WEST VIRGINIA.—Jacob B. Blair, William G. Brown, Killian V. Whaley.[499]
WISCONSIN.—_James S. Brown_, Ithamar C. Sloan, Amasa Cobb, _Charles A. Eldridge_, _Ezra Wheeler_, Walter D. McIndoe.
DELEGATES FROM TERRITORIES
ARIZONA.—Charles D. Poston.
COLORADO.—Hiram P. Bennett.
DAKOTA.—William Jayne (seat successfully contested by John B. S. Todd).
IDAHO.—William H. Wallace.
MONTANA.—Samuel McLean.
NEBRASKA.—Samuel G. Daily.
NEVADA (admitted as a State).—Gordon N. Mott (Henry G. Worthington was elected Representative when Nevada became a State).
NEW MEXICO.—Francisco Perea.
UTAH.—_John F. Kenney._
WASHINGTON.—_George E. Cole._
Footnote 499:
The West Virginia Representatives took their seats Dec. 7, 1863.
INDEX
_A_
Abolition societies, Southern, ended by new industrial era, 5
Adams, Charles Francis, 50
Alabama, in Federal control, 50; Arkansas Legislature addressed by commissioner from, 77; insurrection in, 314; injury sustained by, 437
Alabama, The, 50, 288
Albemarle, The, destruction of, 288
Alexandria, capital of loyal Virginia, 129; convention meets at, 130; blockade of, rescinded, 133; Legislature assembles at, 137; ceases to be capital, 446; recognition of government of, marks no distinct Executive policy, 448
Alleghany Mountains, Virginia divided by, 96
Allegiance, oath of, 24; Governor Johnson’s modification of, 27; registration of, 28; required of Louisiana voters, 45; value of, 487
Allen, Henry Watkins, end of administration of, 418; mentioned for governor of Louisiana, 422
Amendment, Thirteenth, Hampton Roads conference refers to, 399; adoption of, by Georgia Legislature, 466
Amnesty and Reconstruction, Lincoln’s proclamation of, 23, 24, 25, 224; authority for, 24; classes excepted from benefits of, 25; explanation of, 28; applied in Louisiana, 61; Howard’s reference to, 365; Johnson’s proclamation of, 450; Seward’s approval of, 451; all insurgent States affected by, 452. See Reconstruction
Anthony, Lieutenant-Colonel, arrest of, 169
Antietam, Md., Lee defeated at, 186
Arkansas, effect of Union victories in, 10; enrolling agent sent to, 27; loyal part of, 77; Alabama commissioner addresses Legislature of, 77; position of, 77; interests of, 77; opposition to separate State action in, 77; convention bill passed by, 77; conditional secession defeated in, 78; influence of President’s inaugural in, 78; secession of, 78; secession favored by Governor of, 78; military preparations in, 78; confiscation ordinance of, 78; Confederate Congress admit delegates from, 79; convention conflicts with government of, 79; military division of, 79; dissatisfaction among soldiers of, 80; troops of, in Confederate army, 80; indifference of Germans and Irish, 80; bonds of, 81; Union sentiment in, 81; menaced by Federal troops, 81; flight of Governor, 82; troops sent to Corinth from, 82; John S. Phelps, military governor of, 82; regiments furnished Union army by, 83; return of leading secessionists, 83; Federal reverses in, 84; reconstruction of, 85; amended constitution of, 88; Confederate debt repudiated by, 88; division among Union men of, 88; Lincoln’s letter on reconstruction in, 89; Gen. Steele’s address to people of, 90; election in, 90; adoption of amended constitution for, 90; Congressman elected in, 91; Congress excludes Representatives from, 91; no Presidential election in, 92, 195; legality of government of, maintained by Lincoln, 195; loyal government in, 286; insurrection in, 314; Reverdy Johnson favors recognition of, 378; Thirteenth Amendment ratified by, 409; slavery abolished by constitution of, 410; disfranchising act of, 410; loyal government acquiesced in, 410; pacification of, 411; destitution in parts of, 412
Arnell, Daniel W., election of, 415
Arnold, Isaac N., resolution introduced by, 170
Army of the United States, Provost Court of, 40; discontinuance of enlistments for, 408; mustering out of volunteers in the, 409
Ascension, parish of, vote in, 74
Ashley, James M., reconstruction bill reported by, 289; proposal to confer suffrage on negro soldiers and sailors, 294; no provision for education of negroes in bill of, 298; effects of reconstruction bill of, 302; substitute introduced by, 304; remarks on reconstruction by, 304; motives for compromise offered by, 306; reconstruction bill of, tabled, 311; revived bill of, 312; explanation of inconsistency of, 312; reconstruction bill of, tabled, 313; remarks on reconstruction by, 313
Atlantic Monthly, The, Sumner’s article in, 200
_B_
Baker, Joshua, member-elect from Louisiana, 56
Baldwin, Augustus C., reconstruction bill opposed by, 241
Baltimore convention, Lincoln renominated by, 32; Lincoln did not openly influence, 34; adjournment of, 277
Bancroft, George, relief meeting presided over by, 150; address of, 151; letter of, to Lincoln, 151; Lincoln’s letter to, 152
Banks, N. P., expedition of, 43; at Port Hudson, 49; plans for invasion of Texas, 51; petition of New Orleans convention to, 59; intention of ordering an election, 61; Free State General Committee’s attack of, 61; decides against Free State Committee, 64; Gen. Shepley’s disagreement with, 64; Lincoln’s letter to, 65; reconstruction letter of, 66; Lincoln appreciates services of, 67; urged by President to reconstruct Louisiana, 67; date for election fixed by, 67; Shepley’s registration approved by, 68; proclamation by, 69; order of, relative to election, 69; letter to Lincoln, 70; date of delegate election fixed by, 74; before Congressional committee, 75; Boutwell’s defence of, 255; Powell’s criticism of, 346; Governor Wells not in harmony with, 418
Bates, Edward, Attorney-General, letter to A. F. Ritchie, 105; on admission of West Virginia, 123; on Norfolk affairs, 135; letter to Marshal McDowell, 147
Batesville, Gen. Curtis’s occupation of, 82
Baton Rouge, secession convention in, 36
Baxter, Elisha, election of, 91
Bayard, James F., 103; admission of West Virginia Senators opposed by, 193
Bell, Joseph M., 40
Bell and Everett, vote for in Louisiana, 37
Belmont, August, Lincoln’s letter to, 39
Benjamin, Judah P., resignation of, 76, 424
Bent, Charles, 12
Berkeley County, provision for annexing to West Virginia, 110; annexation of, 127
Bingham, John A., debate on West Virginia closed by, 119
Black, Jeremiah S., diplomatic mission of, 390
Blaine, James G., 73; existence of schism in Republican party ignored by, 313; quotation from, 441; Johnson’s change of policy explained by, 489
Blair, Francis P., Sr., Lincoln interviewed by, 390; camp of Gen. Grant visited by, 391; Jefferson Davis interviewed by, 391; plan of reunion proposed by, 391; Mr. Davis’s letter to, 393; Lincoln’s letter to, 394; mission a failure, 394
Blair, Montgomery, on admission of West Virginia, 123; time of emancipation deemed inopportune by, 188; reply to Sumner by, 208
Bliss, C. C., 88
Blockade of Louisiana ports, 37
Blow, Henry T., remarks on reconstruction by, 301
Bonzano, M. F., election of, 76; seat in Congress claimed by, 341; report by Committee of Elections on, 341
Bordeaux, visit of Confederate naval agent to, 50
Border States, Lincoln supported by delegates from, 1; Cotton States expected aid from, 161; Lincoln interviewed by Congressmen from, 163, 171; interests of South bound up with, 171; majority reply of Congressmen from, 173; emancipation proclamation did not affect status of slaves in, 383
Boreman, Arthur I., 100, 128, 129
Bouligny, John E., 43
Boutwell, George S., reconstruction speech of, 254; President Johnson visited by, 458
Bowden, Lemuel J., 131, 138
Boyers, J. E., 128
Bradley, General, 79
Bragg, General, raid of, 19
Brandegee, Augustus, 342
Brazos, battle of, 50
Breckenridge, John C., election of, 316
Bright, Hon. John, Sumner’s letters to, 200, 290
Brooks, James, inquiry of, 225
Brown, B. Gratz, substitute of, 264; amendment of, 272
Brown John, 142
Brown, William G., bill of, 113; remarks on admission of West Virginia, 114
Brownlow, William G., 7; unites in call for convention, 21, 29; nomination of, 31; election of, 32; Mr. Johnson’s dispatch to, 414; remarks on negro suffrage, 416; policy recommended by, 417
Brownson, Orestes, theory of State suicide summarized by, 210
Bryant, William Cullen, 150
Buchanan, James, election of, 316
Buell, General Don Carlos, army of, 3, 10, 19; treatment of fugitive slaves by, 158
Bullett, Cuthbert, Lincoln’s letter to, 39
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands. See Freedmen’s Bureau
Burke, Edmund, 200
Burnside, General Ambrose E., 150
Butler, General Benjamin F., 33; investigation of, 38, 39; relieved from command, 40; Lincoln’s letter to, 44; new department assigned to, 133; Pierpont criticised by, 134; Attorney-General criticised by, 135; Lincoln’s letter to, 136; department of Virginia commanded by, 143; fugitive slaves arrive at camp of, 144, 147; legal defence of attitude toward slaves, 146
_C_
Caldwell, A. B., 128
California, Upper, 12; admission of, 13; first election in, 350
Cameron, Simon, Butler’s treatment of slaves approved by, 146
Campbell, John A., commissioner to Hampton Roads conference, 393, 395
Campbell, William B., election of, 415
Canby, General E. R. S., Lincoln’s letter to, 402
Carey, John B., fugitive slave law pleaded by, 144
Carlile, John S., 98; election of, 103; admission of, to United States Senate, 104; speech on admission of West Virginia, 111; term expires, 131; reconstruction speech of, 267
Chadsey, Charles E., President Johnson’s surrender to the South explained by, 489
Chandler, Lucius H., Representative-elect from Virginia, 131; remarks of, 132; exclusion of, 133
Chandler, Zachariah, interest in reconstruction bill, 274; Sumner’s opposition to Trumbull’s resolution supported by, 380
Chase, Salmon P., on admission of West Virginia, 121; authorized to organize labor of abandoned slaves, 160, 386; emancipation favored by, 180; quotation from diary of, 186; conservatism of Lincoln observed by, 275; Andrew Johnson takes oath of office before, 408
Chattanooga, 4; taken by Federal forces, 22
Clark, Daniel, remarks on reconstruction by, 376
Clarke, Governor Charles, insurgent legislature convoked by, 459; imprisonment of, 460; petition for pardon of, 460
Clarke, Isaac E., 43
Cleveland, Tennessee, 4
Colfax, Schuyler, on admission of West Virginia, 115
Collamer, Jacob, on admission of West Virginia, 111; substitute of, 328; amendment of substitute, 334; defeat of amendment of, 334; defeat of substitute of, 336; remarks on electoral vote of Louisiana by, 328, 335
Colonization, suggested by Lincoln, 153; resolutions of Baltimore Union Convention on, 167; message of Governor Brownlow on, 416
Colored troops, Lincoln urges raising of, 20, 22; General Hunter recommends raising of, 180; policy of enlistment of, 386
Committee, Central Executive of Louisiana, 53
Committee, Free State General of Louisiana, 47, 54, 59, 61; controversy of, with General Banks, 62; confers with General Shepley, 63; friends of, protest against election, 70
Confederate army, Louisiana troops in, 37; Arkansas troops in, 80; driven from western Virginia, 98
Confederate Government, offer of Arkansas to, 80; Arkansas not aided by, 81, 82; hold of, weakened in Arkansas, 83; aid from border States expected by, 171
Confederate officers, disfranchisement of, 236
Confederate States, theory that disunionists were in a minority in, 192; functionaries in, not bound by oaths, 204; governments of, vacated, 205; governments could be organized by Congress in, 206; Constitution the only law in, 206; power of Congress over, 210; people of, unable to plead Constitution, 212; original idea relative to reorganization of, 213; Stevens’s idea of status of, 214; status of, 260; approaching disruption of, 286; rights of citizens in, 366; political rights of people in, 367; no foreign engagements entered into by, 391; anarchy threatens many of, 409, 431; Federal troops preserve order in, 432; obstacles to restoration in, 432; blockade of, 444; importance of understanding public opinion in, 471; legislation of, 472; prompt acquiescence of, 472; sentiments of citizens of, 474; Congress excludes delegations from, 474; reaction in, 482; Northern example no defence of legislation in, 485; reconstructed not very different from disloyal governments of, 486; States represented at opening of 39th Congress, 489; Congress ignores claims of members from, 490
Confiscation, in Arkansas, 78
Congress, amnesty authorized by, 24; President disclaims authority to admit members to, 26; electoral vote of Tennessee excluded by, 35; Representatives from Louisiana admitted to, 46; Louisiana elects members to, 55; organization of, 55; Louisiana not redistricted by, 57; A. P. Field denied admission to, 60; Louisiana elects members to, 76; government of Louisiana not recognized by, 76; electoral vote of Louisiana excluded by, 76; Arkansas elects members to, 91; consents to transfer of Virginia counties, 127; resolution on compensated emancipation passed by, 167; slavery in Territories abolished by, 170; confiscation act of, 179; restored Virginia recognized by, 191; President in agreement with, 191; slavery in rebellious States should be ended by, 197; power possessed over seceding States by, 206; doctrines of Stevens abhorrent to members of, 216; unanimity of, 221; reconstruction discussed by, 224; form of State government should be determined by, 228; reconstruction bill passed by, 273; Lincoln’s contest with, 284; President disclaims right to admit members to, 287; constitutional amendment passed by, 288; exclusion of electoral votes by resolution of, 338; protest against admission of members to, 341; power to readmit States resides in, 358; authority over rebellious States possessed by, 365; desire to discipline South winning adherents in, 407; Johnson’s distrust of, 461; why reconstruction conventions should have been called by, 470; Southern States reorganized at meeting of, 486; Johnson intended to be guided by, 488; Presidential system suspended by legislation of, 489; Southern members not admitted to, 490; reconstruction assumed by, 490; suffrage in the first reconstruction measure, 494
Confederate Congress, 36; admission of Arkansas delegates to, 79
Contrabands, multitudes of, in camp of General Butler, 147
Constitution, The, those who repudiate cannot plead provisions of, 212, 213; ceases to be a restraint on Government, 213; State in rebellion not embraced by, 214; scope of not contracted by secession ordinances, 218; necessity as an interpreter of, 222; number of States necessary to ratify amendment of, 232; Georgia adopts Thirteenth Amendment of, 466
Constitutional Union men, attitude of, 7
Convention bill, defeated by popular vote in Tennessee, 8
Convention, Lincoln nominated by the Chicago, 1; Southern commercial held at Knoxville, 6; the Greeneville, 9; the Nashville, 30; meeting of the Louisiana constitutional, 75; the Arkansas constitutional, 87; the Richmond secession, 93; the Wheeling, 99, 104; ordinances of the Wheeling, 100; the Wheeling votes on dismemberment, 101; the Wheeling adjourns, 101, 107; the Wheeling authorizes formation of new State, 105; slavery in the Wheeling, 107; meeting of the Baltimore Union, 167; revolutionary character of the Wheeling, 468
Conventions, the reconstruction, character of, 468; irregularity of those called under Presidential plan, 469; why Congress should have called, 470; character and work of those called by President Johnson, 470; origin would not affect work of, if acquiesced in, 472
Conway, Martin, speech on West Virginia by, 113
Cooper, Edmund, election of, 415
Cooper Union, Lincoln’s address in, 1; relief meeting in, 150
Cottman, Thomas, 48; election of, 56; Lincoln’s letter to, 64
Cotton States, aid from border States expected by, 161
Cowan, Edgar, on admission of Mr. Segar, 139; remarks on electoral vote of Louisiana, 330, 332; inquiry of, concerning electoral votes, 338
Cox, Samuel S., reconstruction speech of, 252
Crane, Samuel, 128
Cravens, James A., reconstruction speech of, 249
Creole, The, 6
Crisfield, John W., interview with Lincoln reported by, 163
Crittenden, John J., speech on West Virginia by, 116
Crittenden Resolution, introduction of, 220; Mr. Strouse refers to, 249
Cruisers, Confederate, 50
Curtin, Governor Andrew G., 98
Cutler, R. King, Senator-elect from Louisiana, 76, 343, 424
_D_
Davis, Garrett, admission of West Virginia Senators opposed by, 128; resolutions of, 210
Davis, Henry Winter, remarks on Louisiana election, 58; amendment of, 225; chairman of Committee on Rebellious States, 226; reconstruction address of, 226; on Southern loyalists, 231; on modes of establishing republican governments, 232; Thirteenth Amendment approved by, 232; policy of Lincoln criticised by, 232; protest of against policy of Lincoln, 279; character of, 283;
defeat of, for renomination, 284; postponement of Ashley’s bill opposed by, 295; reconstruction speech of, 307; last reconstruction speech in Congress, 310; alliance with Stevens, 311; motion relative to Louisiana, 341
Davis, Jefferson, Blair’s interview with, 391; proposal for joint invasion of Mexico entertained by, 392; letter to Mr. Blair, 393; on Lincoln’s assassination, 407; members of Mississippi convention intercede for, 460; Georgia convention invokes Executive clemency in behalf of, 466
Davis-Wade Bill, passed by House, 262; passed by Senate, 273; Lincoln’s action on, 273; proclamation concerning, 277; no provision for negro suffrage in, 494
Dawes, Henry L., on Louisiana Representatives, 56; on admission of West Virginia, 116; report on Mr. Segar’s election, 131; on election of Mr. Chandler, 132; reconstruction speech of, 295; Mr. Davis’s criticism of, 306; bill of Representative Wilson criticised by, 312; report on election of Mr. Bonzano, 341; remarks of, 342
Delaware, slave interest in, 155; Lincoln’s bill for compensated emancipation in, 155; Federalist party in, 157; Federal interference in, 377
Democratic party, defeat of, 1; vote of, in West Virginia, 129; reconstruction theory of, 218; attitude on reconstruction, 220; negro suffrage opposed by New Orleans convention of, 421; South misled by attitude of, 483
Dennison, Charles, reconstruction speech of, 247
Dennison, William, 32
Dickinson, Daniel S., 33
District of Columbia, slaves not allowed to depart from, 148; colored persons liable to arrest if found in, 152; compensation to owners of slaves in, 167
Dix, General John A., 33; treatment of fugitive slaves by, 149
Donnelly, Ignatius, reconstruction speech of, 245
Doolittle, James R., credentials of Mr. Underwood offered by, 141; reconstruction bill opposed by, 273; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 324, 326, 333; remarks on Louisiana, 348; policy of Administration supported by, 380; credentials of Mr. Hahn offered by, 383
Doubleday, General Abner, treatment of fugitive slaves by, 159
Douglas-Lincoln debates, 1
Dorr, Thomas W., government under, 350
Dunlap, George W., admission of West Virginia opposed by, 214
Durant, Thomas J., 47; Attorney-General of Louisiana, 48; registry conducted by, 51; spokesman of planters, 53; enrollment by, satisfactory to Lincoln, 63; disagreement with General Banks, 65; protest of, against election, 348; recognition of Louisiana opposed by, 378
Durell, E. H., 75
_E_
East, E. H., 28
Edgerton, Joseph K., reconstruction speech of, 219, 301
Election, Presidential, loss of a pretext for secession, 1; in Tennessee, 29; in Arkansas, 92; in West Virginia, 129; electoral votes in, 338; result of, 339
Elections, Committee of, report on Louisiana Representative, 56
Electoral College, bill on representation in, 314
Eliot, Thomas W., amendment to reconstruction bill offered by, 289; reconstruction speech of, 292; Stevens’s interruption of, 294; Davis’s criticism of, 306; bill for bureau of emancipation introduced by, 386
Emancipation, in Tennessee, 22; East Tennessee convention favors immediate, 29; Lincoln’s proclamation of, 47; proclamation of not to be revoked, 52; vote on, in West Virginia, 110; in West Virginia constitution, 125; Lincoln suggests compensated, 155; Lincoln considering, 178; discussion in Cabinet, 180; draft of proclamation of, 181; urged by Chicago clergymen, 184; not hastened by deputations, 186; Lincoln reads proclamation of, 187; Sumner proposes to convert proclamation of, into law, 272; effect of proclamation on status of slaves, 384; discussed at Hampton Roads Conference, 398; Lincoln favored gradual, 398
Emancipation, compensated, Lincoln prepares bill on, 155; message refers to, 161; New York Tribune favors, 164; resolution of Congress on, 167; Baltimore Union convention’s resolution on, 167; House of Representatives appoints committee on, 168
Emancipator, The, 5
England, Cromwell’s division of, 200
Europe, the civil war pleasing to powers of, 393
_F_
Federalist, The, 269
Fellows, John Q. A., nomination of, 69; defeat of, 70
Fishback, William M., Lincoln’s letter to, 89; election of, 91
Fisher, George P., interest in compensated emancipation, 155
Flanders, Benjamin F., election of, 46; Lincoln’s letter to, 52; vote received by, 60; interview with Lincoln, 63; nomination of, 69; defeat of, 70; hostility of Congress toward Louisiana said to have been promoted by, 73
Florida, martial law proclaimed over, 168; unworthy of a place in the Union, 256; insurrection in, 314; damage sustained by, 436; nature of reorganized government of, 488
Florida, The, capture of, 288
Forfeiture, State, idea of, 204
Forrest, General, 15
Fort Donelson, General Grant in possession of, 10
Fort Henry, Federal occupation of, 10
Fortress Monroe, fugitive slaves at, 144, 385
Foster, Lafayette S., reconstruction policy of Lincoln supported by, 380
Fowler, Joseph S., election of, 413
France, relations with, 409
Franchise, elective, in Tennessee to be fixed by Legislature, 30; free negroes of Louisiana petition for, 55; States have always exercised right to confer, 452
Franchise, negro, Lincoln’s opinion concerning, 73. See Negroes
Frederick City, 184
Frederic County, provision for annexing to West Virginia, 110
Freedmen, no provision for education of, 298; Brownlow would admit testimony of, 416; character of, 416; Southern feeling toward, 475; Mississippi legislation relative to, 475
Freedmen’s Aid Societies, Lincoln memorialized by, 386
Freedmen’s Bureau, act of Congress relative to, 385, 387; germ of, 386; duties of commissioner of, 387; Governor of Arkansas coöperates with, 411; influence in producing Southern reaction, 483; political aspirations of agents of, 484
Fremont, General John C., proclamation concerning slaves, 148; Lincoln’s letter to, 148; reply to Lincoln, 149
Fugitive slaves, repeal of acts for rendition of, 144; exclusion from Department of Washington, 148
_G_
Gantt, General E. W., secession abjured by, 83
Garrison, William Lloyd, 7
Georgia, martial law proclaimed over, 168; Boutwell would exclude from restored Union, 256; insurrection in, 314; injuries sustained by, 433; Governor Brown’s efforts at restoration of, 465; appointment of provisional governor for, 465; leading ex-Confederates aid governor, 465; reconstruction convention of, 465; convention repeals secession ordinance, 465; war debt repudiated by, 465; slaves freed by constitution of, 466; Executive clemency in behalf of Jefferson Davis invoked by convention, 466
Germans, The, indifferent to secession, 80
Gilmore-Jacquess mission, 389
Gooch, Daniel W., reconstruction address of, 250
Government, a republican form guaranteed by reconstruction proclamation, 26; perfection of Congressional system, 385
Grant, General Ulysses S., in possession of Forts Henry and Donelson, 10; martial law proclaimed by, 15; at Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain, 23; Lee driven back by, 288; Blair visits camp of, 391; influence in bringing about Hampton Roads Conference, 396; movements by army of, 401; management of Freedmen’s Bureau criticised by, 484
Great Britain, relations with, 409
Greeley, Horace, 390
Greeneville, Tennessee, 4, 9
Grimes, James W., remarks on Louisiana election, 382
Gulf, Department of, Butler relieved from command in, 40; General Banks in command of, 49
_H_
Hahn, Michael, election of, 46; Lincoln’s letter to, 52; vote of, 60; nomination of, 69; election of, 70; oath of, 72; Lincoln’s letter to, 73; election of delegates authorized by, 74; election called by, 75; credentials filed in U. S. Senate, 383, 418, 424
Hall, Ellery R., 107
Hall, John, 107
Hale, John P., on admission of West Virginia, 111; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 325
Halleck, General H. W., Tennessee included in department of, 20; General Buell instructed by, 21; General Banks instructed by, 51; order on surrender of fugitive slaves, 158
Hamilton, Andrew J., appointment of, 467
Hampton Roads Conference, 396; Confederate commissioners to, report failure, 400; results of, 400
Harris, Ira, remarks on Crittenden resolution by, 222; remarks on electoral vote of Louisiana, 323, 334; amendment offered by, 334
Harris, Isham G., authorized to appoint commissioners, 8; Legislature convoked at Memphis by, 15
Harlan, James, bill of, 195
Hawkins, Isaac R., election of, 415
Hay and Nicolay, account of Lincoln’s message by, 24; quotation from history of, 273
Helena, Arkansas, Union occupation of, 82, 86
Henderson, John B., reply to Lincoln’s appeal, 177; reconstruction bill opposed by, 273; recognition of Louisiana favored by, 348; inconsistency of Sumner exposed by, 375, 377; inquiry concerning Louisiana loyalists, 378; letter on reconstruction, 495
Hendricks, Thomas A., Republican factiousness agreeable to, 380
Hiestand, Judge J., appointment of, 41
Holden, William W., appointment of, 448; proclamation of, 450; message of, 454; President Johnson’s telegram to, 455; public career of, 457; Republican leaders alarmed at appointment of, 459
Holman, William S., resolution introduced by, 222
Hood, General J. B., 30
Hooker, General Joseph, treatment of fugitive slaves, 158
Howard, Jacob M., on electoral vote of Louisiana, 328; on recognition of Louisiana, 358; Sumner’s opposition to Trumbull’s resolution supported by, 380
Howard, Oliver O., General, Freedmen’s Bureau organized by, 389
Howe, Timothy O., speech on Ten Eyck’s amendment, 321
Howell, Rufus K., 41
Hughes, Augustus de B., 43
Humphreys, Benjamin G., election and pardon of, 464
Hungary, similarity of ideas lacking in, 237
Hunter, General David, freedom of slaves proclaimed by, 168; authority to arm negroes requested by, 180
Hunter, Robert M. T., authorized to act as commissioner, 395
Hurlbut, General S. A., on reorganization of Tennessee, 21; Lincoln’s letters to, 84, 401
_I_
Illinois, amendment abolishing slavery adopted by, 384
Indiana, troops from, assist western Virginians, 98
Intelligencer, The National, 61
Ireland, unsuccessful campaign of James II in, 203; similarity of ideas lacking in, 237
Irish, The, indifference to secession, 80
_J_
Jacks, T. M., Congressman-elect, 91; proposed compensation to, 342
Jackson, General Andrew, new industrial era marked by inauguration of, 5; invasion by way of Mexico expected by, 392
Jacquess-Gilmore mission, 389
James II, King, abdication of, 202
Jefferson County, provision for annexation of, 110; annexation of, 127
Jefferson, Thomas, declaration of, 357
Johnson, Andrew, 12; in Thirtieth Congress, 14; people of Nashville addressed by, 15; activity of, 18; Nashville saved by, 19; Lincoln’s opinion of, 19; addresses of, 19; urged to raise negro troops, 20; Lincoln’s letter to, 22; enlarged authority of, 23; Nashville meeting called by, 27; election of county officers authorized by, 27; proclamation of, 31; nomination of, for Vice-Presidency, 32; Nashville address of, 32; letter of, to Mr. Dennison, 32; popularity in the North, 33; credentials of West Virginia Senators presented by, 103; resolution offered by, 221; election of, as Vice-President, 339; installation of, as President, 408; problem confronting, 408; letter to Governor Murphy, 411; despatch to Governor Brownlow, 414; reconstruction policy endorsed by National Democratic party, 420; Lincoln’s policy alleged to have been changed by, 426; Pierpont’s government recognized by, 427; Nashville speech of, 438; forecast of policy of, 439; addresses of, 440; visit of Illinois delegation to, 440; visit of Indiana delegation to, 442; visit of negro delegation, 443; South Carolina delegation addressed by, 443; blockade partly raised by, 444; blockade of trans-Mississippi ports rescinded by, 445; work done for reconstruction retained by, 447; Lincoln’s policy need not have been adopted by, 447; at inauguration sentiments of Congress already known to, 448; results of attempting reunion without coöperation of Congress, 448; reconstruction of North Carolina begun by, 448; amnesty proclamation of, 450; cases excluded from benefits of amnesty, 450; reconstruction plan of, based on guaranty clause of Constitution, 452; telegram to Governor Holden, 455; visit of North Carolina delegation to, 456; North Carolina election unsatisfactory to, 457; interview of Boutwell and Morrill with, 458; William L. Sharkey appointed Provisional Governor by, 459; appointment of provisional governors by, 459; telegram to Governor Sharkey, 461; attitude of Congress characterized by, 461; Governor Sharkey’s reorganization of militia approved by, 462; Mississippi people trusted by, 463; change in sentiments of, 463, 488; General Slocum directed to revoke order by, 463; proceedings in reconstruction conventions directed by, 465; organization of a police force for Georgia approved by, 466; policy toward Congress unknown in the South, 483; prompt acquiescence of South in policy of, 486; reconstruction theory similar to Lincoln’s, 487; falling back from Lincoln’s plan, 487; Lincoln’s Cabinet retained by, 488; change of attitude of, 489; influence of Seward upon, 489; movement to procure resignation from Vice-Presidency, 489; limitations of, 490; reconstruction work of, not marked by originality, 491; negro suffrage, 494
Johnson, Bradish, 48
Johnson, Herschel V., election of, 465
Johnson, James, appointment of, 459, 465
Johnson, James M., election of, 91; proposed compensation to, 342; election of, 412
Johnson, Reverdy, in New Orleans, 38; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 335; on President’s message, 339; remarks on recognition of Louisiana, 370; Sumner’s argument with, 374; remarks on negro suffrage, 378; recognition of Arkansas and Louisiana favored by, 378
Johnson, R. W., secession of, 91
Johnston, General Joseph E., retires to Murfreesboro, 11
Jones, Hon. Ira P., 12
Jordan, Warren, 27
_K_
Kanawha, proposed State of, 105; change in name of, 107
Kearney, General Stephen W., 12
Kelley, William D., reconstruction speech of, 252, 291; proposes amendment of Ashley’s bill, 312; Field’s assault of, 342
Kernan, Francis, bill of Mr. Wilson criticised by, 312
Kimball, General, 86
King, Preston, Mr. Johnson influenced by, 441
Kingwood, Va., Union meeting at, 99
Kitchen, Benjamin M., Representative-elect, 131; denied admission to Congress, 133
Knoxville, early capital of Tennessee, 4; Southern Commercial Convention held at, 6; taken by Federal forces, 22
Kyle, G. H., election of, 412
_L_
Lamont, George D., 43
Lane, James H., on electoral vote of Louisiana, 337
LeBlond, Frank C., reconstruction speech of, 300
Lee, General Robert E., Maryland invaded by, 183; repulse of, 186; driven back by Grant, 288; weakness of, 401; surrender of, 426
Leftwich, John W., election of, 415
Letcher, Governor John, United States could not recognize, 205, 445
Lieber, Dr. Francis, 150, 151; Sumner’s letters to, 199, 289
Lincoln, Abraham, Cooper Union address of, 1; conservatism of, 1; nomination of, 1; border State delegations support of, 1; popular vote received by, 1; peer of tried Republican leaders, 1; policy of, 2; sympathy for Tennessee loyalists, 3, 10; Andrew Johnson appointed by, 11; in Thirtieth Congress, 14; authority for appointing military governors, 14; view of their utility, 20; letter to Governor Johnson, 20, 22; authority of Johnson enlarged by, 23; reply to General Rosecrans, 23; proclamation issued by, 23; authority to admit members to Congress disclaimed by, 26; enrolling agents sent to Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana by, 27; renomination of, 32; declined to interfere in nominating convention, 34; reply to protest of McClellan electors, 35; letter to Cuthbert Bullett, 39; letter to August Belmont, 39; Court of Record for Louisiana constituted by, 42; letter to General Butler and others, 44; restoration of Louisiana urged by, 44; letter to General Shepley, 44; Emancipation Proclamation published by, 47; requested to order an election, 48; reply to Louisiana committee, 48; more advanced ground taken by, 49; letter to General Banks and others, 51; urges restoration, 51; enrollment of Durant approved by, 63; willingness to recognize part of Louisiana, 63; letter to Thomas Cottman, 64; letter to General Banks, 65; General Banks’s letter to, 66; Banks’s services appreciated by, 67; authority conferred on General Banks by, 67; Banks on Louisiana election, 70; letter to Governor Hahn, 73; authority of Mr. Hahn enlarged by, 73; letter to General Hurlbut, 84; letter to General Steele, 89; letter to William M. Fishback, 89; result of Arkansas election gratifying to, 91; requests opinion of Cabinet on admission of West Virginia, 119, 124; approves bill for admission of West Virginia, 125; proclamation concerning West Virginia, 126; letter to General Butler, 136; slavery in first inaugural of, 143; letter to General Fremont, 148; General Fremont instructed by, 149; Bancroft’s letter to, 151; letter to Mr. Bancroft, 152; emancipation and colonization suggested by, 153; advance in position of, 154; arming of slaves opposed by, 154, 180; bill for compensated emancipation drafted by, 155; Mr. Pierce’s interview with, 160; compensated emancipation proposed by, 161; further advance in position of, 162; letter to Henry J. Raymond, 163; border State Congressmen interview, 163; letter to James A. McDougall, 165; proclamation of General Hunter rescinded by, 168; Sumner’s letter concerning, 170; border State Congressmen appealed to, 171; emancipation proposed by, 178; confiscation act approved by, 179; draft of emancipation proclamation read by, 181; rebellious citizens warned by, 183; Chicago clergymen interview, 184; resolves to issue postponed proclamation, 186; meeting of Cabinet, 186; emancipation proclamation read by, 187; first inaugural of, 190; central idea of reconstruction plan of, 190; confidence in ultimate success, 191;
Congress substantially agrees with, 191; change in policy of, 193; only one plan of reconstruction proposed by, 194; remarks on Blair-Sumner controversy, 208; reconstruction plan of, criticised by Henry Winter Davis, 232; Mr. Donnelly’s character of, 245; Mr. Boutwell defends reconstruction policy, 254; treatment of reconstruction bill by, 273; Sumner’s opinion of, 275; proclamation on reconstruction bill, 277; Wade-Davis manifesto concerning action of, 279; result of contest with Congress, 284; reëlection of, 286; silence as to controversy with Congress, 286; no right over admission of Congressmen claimed by, 287; adoption of more vigorous measures hinted at, 287; resolution relative to electoral votes approved by, 339; electoral votes received by, 339; popular approval of Thirteenth Amendment pleasing to, 385; Freedmen’s Aid Societies appeal to, 386; Mr. Blair’s visit to, 390; Blair’s mission not officially sanctioned by, 391; letter to Mr. Blair, 394; letter to Secretary Seward, 395; conference opposed by, except on basis of reunion, 397; last speech on reconstruction, 403; assassination of, a calamity to the South, 407; policy would have saved South from many evils, 407; telegram to Governor Pierpont, 426; Pierpont’s interview with, 426; attitude toward Confederate legislatures, 470; a loose system of reconstruction opposed by, 487; reconstruction theory of, similar to Johnson’s, 487; President Johnson retains Cabinet of, 488; constructive statesmanship of, 491; a wide constituency favored by, 493; conditions on returning States imposed by, 494; Mr. Henderson’s views on, 495
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1
Little Rock, seized by Confederate troops, 79; threatened by Federal forces, 82; capture of, 83; loyal newspaper published in,83; Union convention at, 87
Liverpool, abandoned by Confederate naval agent, 50
Longyear, John W., reconstruction address of, 244
Lookout Mountain, battle of, 23, 224
Louisiana, effect of Union victories in, 10; enrolling agent sent to, 27; secession spirit in, 36; secession of, 36; prosperity at the beginning of the war, 36; treasury of, 37; citizens of, in Confederate army, 37; blockade of ports in, 37; attitude toward Richmond government, 37; loyalists of, 37; secessionists of, intimidated, 38; activity of Unionists in, 38; necessity of courts in, 40; courts established in, 41; court of record for, 42; Supreme Court of, 43; Lincoln urges restoration of, 44; Union associations request an election, 45; proclamation for an election in, 45; members of Congress elected in, 46; vote cast in, 46; admission of Representatives to Congress, 46; named as one of the rebellious States, 47; parishes excepted from emancipation proclamation, 47; disagreement among Unionists of, 47; enrollment of citizens in, 48; Lincoln visited by committee from, 48; reorganization interrupted, 49; portion covered by Union arms, 50; Lincoln urges reconstruction of, 52; condition of, 53; amended constitution of 1852 destroyed by rebellion, 54; voting in, 55; franchise asked by free negroes, 55; credentials of Representatives from, 56; suppression of election in, 56; constitution altered by General Shepley, 58; citizens from, in Union army, 60; General Banks to order an election in, 61, 64;
Banks on reconstruction in, 66; Banks fixes date of election for, 67; constitution modified by proclamation of General Banks, 68; provision for voting of loyalists in, 69; election in, 70; protest against election in, 70; Hahn inaugurated Governor, 72; civil subordinate to military power, 73; Free State leaders unite with Radicals in Congress, 74; election in, 74; vote on constitution, 75; Legislature chosen in, 76; Presidential electors appointed for, 76, 195; Senators elected by, 76; government of, not recognized by Congress, 76; electoral vote of, 129, 314; radicals propose to recognize government of, 290; insurrection in, 314; amendment to except from joint resolution, 315; Ten Eyck’s speech on electoral vote of, 318; Howe’s speech on electoral vote of, 321; Trumbull’s speech on electoral vote of, 321; highest vote cast in, 323; remarks of Harris on electoral vote of, 323; speech of Doolittle on electoral vote of, 324; remarks of Hale on electoral vote of, 325; remarks of Collamer on electoral vote of, 328; Howard’s speech on electoral vote of, 328; Cowan’s remarks on electoral vote of, 330; Powell on electoral vote of, 331; Wade’s remarks on electoral vote of, 332; loss of Ten Eyck’s amendment concerning, 334; Johnson’s remarks on electoral vote of, 335; Pomeroy’s amendment, 337; passage of joint resolution, 338; Cowan’s inquiry, 338; Senate debate on recognition of, 341; Representatives-elect from, 341; protest against admission of members from, 341; compensation to claimants from, 341; United States Senators chosen in, 343; Trumbull’s resolution relative to, 343; Powell opposes recognition of, 344; Henderson favors recognition of, 348; recognition of, would enfeeble Union, 358; Howard’s speech on recognition of, 358; governed by bayonet, 367; Howard characterizes government of, 369; Reverdy Johnson’s argument on recognition of, 370, 377; Sprague’s remarks on election in, 381; Grimes’s remarks on election in, 382; slavery in parts of, not affected by emancipation proclamation, 384; draft in, 417; election in, 418; Mr. Wells chosen Governor, 422; Warmoth elected as Territorial Delegate, 422; United States Senators chosen, 424; Thirteenth Amendment ratified by, 424; injuries which rebellion inflicted on, 424
Lovejoy, Owen, resolution offered by, 132; resolution of, relative to emancipation, 170; doctrines of Thaddeus Stevens repudiated by, 217
Lundy, Benjamin, Genius of Universal Emancipation published by, 5
Lyon, General Nathaniel, 79
_M_
Madison, parish of, 75
Malhiot, E. E., 48
Mallory, Robert, yeas and nays on Ashley’s bill demanded by, 311; bill of Mr. Wilson criticised by, 312
Manassas, battle of, 183
Mann, W. D., Representative-elect from Louisiana, 76; seat in Congress claimed by, 341
Manumission Intelligencer, The, 5
Marcy, William, Secretary, 12
Marvin, Governor, Seward’s message to, 488
Maryland, attitude on emancipation, 165
Mason, James M., 103
Mason, Richard B., 13, 14
Massachusetts, sentiments on slavery, 375
Maynard, Horace, 9, 10; joins in call for convention, 21; emancipation policy of Lincoln approved by, 177; election of, 415
Memphis, Legislature convenes in, 15
Mexico, 12, 13; French interests in, 50; invasion of, a part of Napoleon’s policy, 391; proposal for joint invasion of, 392
Mileage, allowed to Arkansas claimants, 91
Military commissions, 12
Military Governor, office of, 11, 12, 14, 193
Minority, loyal, rule by, inconsistent with American principles, 205, 217; should institute government for their own protection, 353; further examination of, 491
Mission Ridge, battle of, 23, 224
Missouri, provisional government appointed in, 10; origin of government of, 350
Mississippi, State of, in Federal control, 50; insurrection in, 314; injury sustained by, 437; Provisional Governor for, 459; Governor Clarke summons insurgent Legislature of, 459; secession ordinance declared null and void, 460; slavery abolished in, 460; people advised to form a patrol, 461; disorder in, 462; General Slocum prevents organization of militia in, 462; freedmen of, 463; election in, 464; conflict of civil and military authorities, 464; supremacy of military in, 464; November legislation of, 475; practical revival of black code in, 480; spirit of reconstructed Legislature, 482; character of reorganized government, 488
Monroe Doctrine, Northern Democrats and Republicans adhere to, 392; Mexico to be conquered under pretence of defending, 393
Morrill, Justin S., President Johnson visited by, 458
Morton, Oliver P., Governor, President Johnson interviewed by, 442
McClellan, electors, protest of, 34; ticket in Tennessee withdrawn, 35
McClellan, George B., General, proclamation concerning slaves, 145; instructions to, 152; collapse of Richmond campaign of, 178; Union army again commanded by, 184; Lee defeated by, 186; vote for Presidency received by, 339
McCulloch, General, 79
McDougall, James A., on admission of Mr. Segar, 139; Lincoln’s letter to, 165–166
McDowell, General Irwin, treatment of fugitive slaves by, 144
McDowell, J. L., inquiry concerning fugitive slaves, 147
_N_
Napoleon III, 50; policy of, 391
Nashville, occupation of, 10; panic in, 11; occupied by General Nelson, 15; Governor Johnson arrives in, 15; Governor Johnson addresses people of, 15; mayor and council imprisoned, 17; press under restraint, 17; treatment of clergymen in, 17; Union convention at, 21; action of convention, 21; public meeting at, 27; convention at, 29; convention of January, 1865, 30; Legislature meets at, 32
National Conservative Union party, negro suffrage opposed by, 421; reconstruction policy of Mr. Johnson endorsed by, 421; Mr. Wells nominated for governor by, 422
Navy, proportions of, 286
Negroes, free, elective franchise asked by, 55; North Carolina denies franchise to, 452; condition of, in Mississippi, 463; testimony of, 464; numbers in Texas, 467
Nelson, General, enters Nashville, 15
Nelson, Thomas A. R., 9
New Hampshire, President Johnson addresses citizens of, 442
New Mexico, 12
New Orleans, State troops from, seize Federal property, 36; enthusiasm in, 37; bankruptcy of, 37; importance to Confederacy, 38; capture of, 38; results of Federal occupation of, 39; members of court of record arrive in, 43; excepted from emancipation proclamation, 47; menaced by General Taylor, 49; General Shepley forbids election in, 56; amount of taxes paid by, 58; without civil government, 58; extent of the State of Louisiana, 75; constitutional convention in, 75; unqualified voters enrolled in, 418; new registration in, 418; J. Madison Wells nominated by convention held in, 420
Newport News, fugitive slaves arrive at, 144, 386
New York, electoral vote not counted in Washington’s election, 326
Nicolay and Hay. See Hay and Nicolay
Noell, John W., on admission of West Virginia, 118; inquiry of, 164
Norfolk, Va., destitution in, 133
North Carolina, Union victories in, 10; secession spirit in, 150; insurrection in, 314; injuries sustained by, 436; Provisional Governor appointed for, 448; “loyal people” of, 452; suffrage withheld from negroes of, 452; nearly all counties choose delegates, 453; ordinance of secession repealed by, 454; abolition of slavery in, 454; payment of rebel debt prohibited by, 455; adjournment of convention, 455; convention ordinances ratified, 457; election unsatisfactory to President Johnson, 457; Thirteenth Amendment ratified by, 457; Congressmen chosen by, 457; why President began reconstruction policy with, 458
_O_
Oglesby, Governor, President Johnson visited by, 440
Ohio, western Virginians assisted by troops of, 98
Olin, Abraham B., on admission of West Virginia, 116
Olustee, battle of, a result of administration policy, 253
Orange, William, Prince of, 203
Orleans, courts established in, 41
_P_
Paine, Colonel, arrest of, 169
Parker, Granville, anti-slavery work of, 108
Parliament, absolute power vested in, 203
Patterson, David T., election of, 413
Patterson, General, proclamation relative to slaves, 145
Peabody, Charles A., appointment of, 42
Peace and Constitutional Society, in Arkansas, 81
Pea Ridge, battle of, 82
Pendleton, George H., reconstruction speech of, 257; votes received by, for Vice-Presidency, 339
Pensacola, Florida, Louisiana soldiers vote at, 70
Perry, Nehemiah, reconstruction address of, 250
Phelps, General John S., alleged opposition to rule of, 38; military governor, 82
Pierce, E. L., labor of abandoned slaves organized by, 160, 386; Lincoln interviewed by, 160
Pierpont, Francis Harrison, chosen Governor of restored Virginia, 101; inauguration of, 101; views of the Constitution, 102; message of, 109; address of, 128; elected Governor, 129; duties of, 133; protests against military interference, 134; application for assistance, 191; Lincoln’s telegram to, 426;
Lincoln visited by, 426; reception at Richmond, 427; the problem confronting, 428
Placquemines, voting in parish of, 56; vote of, 74
Poland, similarity of ideas lacking in, 237
Polk, President James K., message of, 13
Pollard, E. A., quotation from “Lost Cause” of, 400
Pool, John, election of, 457
Pomeroy, Samuel C., on electoral vote of Louisiana, 330; amendment offered by, 337; remarks on reconstruction by, 376; extent of Congressional power over reconstruction stated by, 377
Port Hudson, General Banks at, 49; fall of, 49
Portsmouth, Va., Union vote in, 132; destitution in, 133
Powell, Lazarus W., remarks on Louisiana, 331; recognition of Louisiana opposed by, 344; General Banks denounced by, 346; proclamation of Banks quoted by, 347; remarks on Trumbull’s resolution by, 373
Property, Federal, seizure of, in Baton Rouge, 36
_R_
Raleigh, convention assembles at, 453
Raymond, Lincoln’s letter to, 163
Reade, Edwin G., North Carolina convention presided over by, 453; farewell address of, 455
Reconstruction, in Tennessee, 1; Lincoln’s proclamation of, 23; in Louisiana, 36, 44, 61; loyal minority authorized to restore States, 25; Lincoln’s plan not indispensable to, 26; interrupted in Louisiana, 49; Lincoln’s letter relative to, 51; President urges in Louisiana, 52; Banks’s plan of, 66; proposed for Arkansas, 85; Lincoln’s letters on, 89; in Louisiana connected with war powers of President, 36; emancipation introduced into, 189; theories and plans of, 190; central idea of Lincoln’s plan, 190; both parties agree on Presidential plan, 193; great number of theories and plans of, 193; difficulties of, increased by abolition, 194; Lincoln propounded only one plan of, 194; “Louisiana plan” and negro suffrage, 195; sensation caused by Sumner’s scheme of, 198; final work of, influenced by Sumner’s resolutions, 199; Stevens’s theory of, 211; first act of, a modification of Stevens’s theory, 212; theory held at commencement of rebellion, 213; Democratic theory of, 217; Edgerton’s speech on, 219; attitude of Democratic party toward, 220; conservative views of Senators on, 220; House of Representatives on, 220; resolution of Thaddeus Stevens concerning, 224; resolution of Henry Winter Davis, 225; address of Mr. Davis, 226; of Southern States premature, 230; President’s plan criticised by Mr. Davis, 232; address of Representative Scofield on, 236; address of Representative Williams on, 238; indemnity, security and punishment, elements of, 240; bill opposed by Mr. Baldwin, 241; address of Representative Thayer on, 242; remarks of Representative Yeaman on, 243; address of Representative Longyear on, 244; speech of Ignatius Donnelly on, 245; speech of Representative Dennison, 247; remarks of Thaddeus Stevens on, 247; bill opposed by Representative Strouse, 249; opposition of Mr. Cravens, 249; Representative Gooch on, 250; Representative Perry’s remarks on, 250; Fernando Wood’s opposition to bill for, 251; remarks of William D. Kelley on, 252; speech of S. S. Cox on, 252; Mr. Boutwell’s speech on, 254; speech of George H. Pendleton, 257; bill for, unconstitutional, 258; Representatives pass bill on, 262; provisions of bill on, 262; Senator Wade on, 264; Senator Carlile’s speech on, 267; Congress passes bill on, 273; Lincoln’s treatment of bill on, 273; interest of Mr. Chandler in bill on, 274; Lincoln’s proclamation concerning bill on, 277; notice of in annual message, 286; progress of, 287; forced upon attention of Congress by Union victories, 288; Mr. Ashley reports bill on, 289; Representative Eliot offers amendment to bill on, 289; provisions of Ashley’s bill, 289; revived bill recognizes Louisiana and Arkansas, 289; new bill a substitute for Wade-Davis bill, 290; Kelley’s speech on, 291; Eliot’s speech on, 292; consideration of bill postponed, 295; Mr. Dawes resumes debate on, 295; power conferred on President by bill, 296; remarks of Fernando Wood on, 300; speech of Mr. LeBlond on, 300; remarks of Representative Blow, 301; speech of J. K. Edgerton, 301; Edgerton’s summary of bill, 302; substitute for Ashley’s bill, 304; further remarks of Ashley on, 305; Ashley explains compromise, 306; Henry Winter Davis speaks on, 306; Mr. Davis’s last words in Congress on, 310; Mr. Wilson’s bill, 311; revival of Ashley’s bill on, 312; defects of Presidential plan of, 358; Howard’s speech on, 358; Reverdy Johnson’s remarks on, 370; Sumner proposes conditions of, 376; remarks of Senator Clark, 376; remarks of Senator Pomeroy, 377, 378; Presidential plan of, ignored by Congress, 385; Lincoln’s conditions for effecting, 395, 397; Lincoln’s letter to General Hurlbut on, 401; Lincoln’s letter to General Canby, 402; Lincoln’s last words on, 403; culmination of Presidential plan of, 407; President Johnson’s policy of, endorsed by Democratic convention, 420; views of Louisiana Republicans on, 422; Andrew Johnson’s views of, in 1864, 438; Johnson under no obligation to accept Lincoln’s plan of, 447; Mr. Johnson’s policy of, 449; steps to, in Mississippi, 458; obstacles to, in Texas, 467; conventions called under Presidential plan, 468; course of Confederate governors relative to, 469; Lincoln’s intention to employ Confederate legislatures in work of, 470; expected results of, 473; prediction of Henry Winter Davis relative to, 473; enemies of Union entrusted with, 486; Lincoln opposed a loose system of, 486; Lincoln’s and Johnson’s theories identical, 487; organizations effected under Lincoln different from “Johnson governments,” 487; Johnson’s original policy of, 488; acts of Congress suspend governments established under Presidential plan, 489; Joint Committee on, 490; Presidential plan examined, 491; the suffrage in the Presidential system of, 494; precedent conditions for returning States, 494; Senator Henderson’s letter on Lincoln’s plan, 495
Rector, Governor, call for troops, 81; threat of seceding from Confederacy, 82; flight of, 82
Red River, General Taylor retires to, 50
Republican electoral ticket, none offered for suffrage of Tennesseeans in 1860, 7
Republican form of government, Sumner’s resolutions relative to, 196; position that war was fought to fulfil guaranty of, untenable, 209; Henry Winter Davis on, 228; duty of Congress to guarantee, 228; Mr. Davis on modes of establishing, 232; Fernando Wood on, 251;
Pendleton on, 259, 260, 261; Carlile on, 268, 269; cannot originate in military orders, 357; military government not republican under the Constitution, 368
Republican party, radical members of, unite with Free State leaders, 74; Sumner’s resolutions disavowed by leaders of, 199; relations of Stevens to, 216; change in attitude of, 220; revolutionary policy of, 257; beginning of division in, 273; some radical members of, opposed controversy with President, 289; schism in, 313; change in sentiments of, 377; Hendricks on factiousness of, 380; mass-meeting in New Orleans held by radical members of, 422
Representation, basis of, 354
Representatives, House of, committee on compensated emancipation appointed by, 168; reconstruction views of, 220; reconstruction bill passed by, 262; Ashley’s reconstruction bill tabled by, 311, 312; resolution of Mr. Wilson introduced into, 314; measure excluding electoral votes of certain States passed by, 314; constitutional amendment abolishing slavery passed by, 384
Revenue, surplus of 1837, distribution of, 157
Revolution, American, legal forms not ignored in effecting, 206
Revolution, English, 202
Reynolds, General, report on government of Arkansas, 412
Rhode Island cases, 228
Richmond, Arkansas messenger sent to, 80; secession convention meets in, 93; work of convention denounced, 100; fall of, 426
Richmond government, offers concessions to western Virginia, 97; resistance to, 97
Riddell, John Leonard, certificate from, 56
Riley, General Bennett, 13
Ritchie, A. F., letter to Attorney-General Bates, 105
Rogers, A. A. C., Congressman-elect, 91; proposed compensation of, 342
Rosecrans, General W. S., inactivity of, 21; suggestion to Lincoln, 23; removed from command, 23, 224
Ryers, William, election of, 412
_S_
Saulsbury, Willard, 103; on admission of Mr. Segar, 139; admission of West Virginia Senators opposed by, 193; Administration criticised by, 377
Schenck, General, 251
Schofield, General, Governor Holden assisted by, 453
Schurz, General Carl, Governor Sharkey criticised by, 462
Scofield, Glenni W., address of, 236
Sebastian, William K., resignation from United States Senate, 85; return to loyalty, 85
Secession, in Tennessee, 8; Tennessee abrogates act of, 30; spirit of, in Louisiana, 36; ordinance of, 36; in Arkansas, 78; Germans and Irish of Arkansas indifferent to, 80; in Virginia, 93; western Virginia refuses to acquiesce in, 97; war powers unlocked by, 213; attitude of Democratic party toward, 218; Henry Winter Davis on, 227; Pendleton on acts of, 259; Henderson on potency of, 351; Sumner denies that States were taken out of Union by, 351
Secessionists, in Arkansas, 77
Segar, Joseph E., on admission of West Virginia, 118; remarks of, 131; Committee of Elections reports concerning, 131; denied admission to Congress, 133; election to United States Senate, 138
Senate, The United States, reconstruction bill in, 264; exclusion of States from Electoral College, 315; Trumbull’s resolution abandoned by, 383; amendment abolishing slavery passed by, 384
Seward, William H., on admission of West Virginia, 120; General McClellan instructed by, 152; Lincoln broaches emancipation to, 178; postponement of emancipation recommended by, 182; Lincoln’s letter to, 395; injuries prevented attendance at inauguration of Mr. Johnson, 408; message to Governor Marvin, 488; President Johnson influenced by, 489
Sharkey, William L., appointment of, 459; address of, 460; Johnson’s telegram to, 461; conduct of, criticised by Carl Schurz, 462; negro testimony to be considered by, 464
Shelbyville, Tenn., Andrew Johnson’s address at, 19
Shenandoah Valley, discontent of, 96; proposed annexation to West Virginia, 109
Shepley, General George F., appointment of, 39; system of courts established by, 41; Lincoln’s letter to, 44; requested to hold an election, 45; proclamation for an election issued by, 45; plan of Louisiana Free State Committee approved by, 48; Attorney-General for Louisiana appointed by, 48; orders an enrollment of loyal citizens, 53; election prohibited by, 56, 58; conference of Free State Committee with, 63; disagreement with General Banks, 64, 65; General Banks approves registration of, 68; Norfolk proclamation of, 134
Sheridan, General Philip H., at Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain, 23; a Confederate army destroyed by, 288
Sherman, John, on election of Mr. Segar, 140; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 332
Sherman, General Thomas W., instructions of War Department to, 149
Sherman, General William Tecumseh, projected march of, 286; safety of, 288
Shreveport, movement toward, 51; ceases to be capital of Louisiana, 419
Slavery, abolition of, in British colonies, 6; to be ignored in reconstruction, 27; Nashville convention urges abolition of, 29; amended Tennessee constitution abolishes, 30; constitution of Arkansas abolishes, 88; introduction into Virginia, 94; in the Wheeling convention, 107; Lincoln’s views of, 143; Congress claims no right to interfere with, 167; advance of Northern opinion on, 167; abolished in District of Columbia, 167; not possible for negroes freed by war, 194; reconstruction rendered more difficult by abolition of, 194; ceases to exist when State ceases to exist, 197; duty of Congress to put an end to, 197; recognition of, by a Federal officer analogous to treason, 197; government should protect persons in a state of, 198; Chicago platform on, 207; Emancipation Proclamation not necessary to abolish in seceding States, 207; destruction of, not an end of the war, 222; the one subject of estrangement in the Union, 237; theory of the Fathers concerning, 237; anti-slavery amendment recommended to consideration of Congress, 287; Congress passes joint resolution relative to, 288; restoration useless with, 352; sentiments of Massachusetts and South Carolina on, 375; not affected by emancipation proclamation in certain States, 384; Congress passes anti-slavery amendment, 384; amendment ratified by 20 States, 384; Arkansas abolishes, 410; Virginia abolishes, 425; abolition an injury to slave owners, 433; North Carolina abolishes, 454; Mississippi abolishes, 460; Georgia abolishes, 466
Slaves, bred in Virginia, 94; number in Virginia, 94; in western Virginia, 95; policy of commanders relative to fugitive, 144, 145, 158, 159; declared contraband of war, 146; compensated emancipation of, 153; colonization of, 153; abandoned by masters, 160; to organize labor of abandoned, 160; General Hunter proclaims freedom of, 168; Lincoln asserts right to emancipate, 168; employment of, 169; confiscation of property in, 179; proposed emancipation of, 182; Stevens on employment of, against United States, 212; abandoned lands to be colonized by, 385
Slidell, John, resignation from United States Senate, 423
Slocum, General, organization of Mississippi retarded by, 462; orders of, revoked by President, 463
Smith, Caleb B., resignation of, 119
Smith, Charles, Senator-elect from Louisiana, 76, 343
Smith, General E. Kirby, 50
Smith, Governor William, nullity of acts of, 445
Snow, William D., election of, 91
Society, civil not necessarily identical with political, 354; political liable to reduction, 354; political may be reduced by loss of citizenship, 354
South Carolina, martial law proclaimed over, 168; Stevens on secession ordinance of, 215; Boutwell would exclude from restored Union, 256; insurrection in, 314; sentiments on slavery, 375; damage sustained by, 435; Mr. Johnson receives citizens of, 443; revolutionary character of convention, 469
Southern States, reorganization of, premature, 230; black code of, 293; an asylum for broken-down politicians, 297; proposed taxation of, 297; power of Congress over, 362; not convertible into Territories, 364. See Confederate States
Speed, Attorney-General, reply to Albemarle County voters, 430
Sprague, William, remarks on Louisiana election, 381
Stanton, Edwin M., aids western Virginians, 98; on admission of West Virginia, 122; disbanding of army by, 409
State, indestructibility of, 192; suicide of a, 197, 201, 209; effect of termination of, 197; slavery terminated by termination of, 197; Federal restraints upon action of a, 198; difficulty of defining, 201; basis of suicide theory, 208; levying war changes status of, 217; the people of, constitute the, 218; constitutions must be formed by people of, 218; only successful revolution can unmake, 218; attitude of Democratic party on suicide of, 219
St. Bernard, parish of, voting in, 56
Steele, General Frederick, Lincoln’s letters to, 85, 86, 89
Stephens, A. H., peace commissioner, 395; Lincoln’s advice to, 399
Stevens, Thaddeus, on admission of West Virginia, 117, 214; reconstruction theory of, 211; characteristics of, 211; consistency of, 212; remarks on slaves employed in hostility to Government, 212; taxation of seceding States proposed by, 213; secession discussed by, 215; relations to his party defined by, 216; conquered province theory of, 217; remarks on minority government, 217; resolution relative to President’s message, 224; on constitutional amendments, 232; reconstruction speech of, 247; distributing President’s message, 288; Mr. Eliot interrupted by, 294; remarks of, 342; credentials of Warmoth offered by, 422; sneer at Pierpont’s government, 427
Stokes, William B., election of, 415
Strouse, Myer, reconstruction speech of, 249
Suffrage, Representative Kelley on, 291; provisions of Ashley’s bill on, 294, 304; a restricted electorate favored by Government, 354; basis of, 354; qualifications for, in Massachusetts, 354; proposal to confer on negroes, 358; Reverdy Johnson on, 378; negroes petition for, 413; Brownlow opposes conferring on negroes, 416; National Conservative party on, 421; provision of Virginia constitution on, 425; North did not intend to force on South, 486
Sumner, Charles, on admission of West Virginia, 110; letter on policy of Lincoln, 170; faith of, 191; resolutions of, 196; sensation produced by restoration scheme of, 198; letters to Francis Lieber, 199, 289; public character of, 199; letters to John Bright, 200, 290; article in Atlantic Monthly, 200; Mr. Blair replies to, 208; preamble to resolutions of, 210; proposal relative to emancipation proclamation, 272; estimate of Lincoln, 275; substitute offered by, 344; amendment offered by, 356; Reverdy Johnson’s argument with, 374; inconsistency of, 375; conditions of reunion proposed by, 376; remarks on Trumbull’s resolution, 379, 382; Howard and Chandler support position of, 380; remarks on Louisiana election, 382
Sumter, influence of fall, on Arkansas, 78
Supreme Court, The United States, opinion in Cross _vs._ Harrison, 13; decision relative to rebellious States, 362
_T_
Taliaferro, Robert W., seat in Congress claimed by, 341
Taney, Roger B., Chief Justice, quoted by Mr. Davis, 228
Tarr, Campbell, 98, 128
Taylor, Nathaniel, attitude of loyal Tennesseeans defined by, 7; election of, 415
Taylor, General Richard, 37, 49, 50
Ten Eyck, John C., reconstruction bill opposed by, 273; amendment offered by, 315; remarks in support of amendment, 318; defeat of amendment offered by, 334
Tennessee, Presidential reconstruction in, 1; no Republican electoral ticket in, 7; league with Confederacy authorized by, 8; turns military force over to the Confederacy, 8; secession of, 8; activity of loyalists in, 9; proposed dismemberment of, 9; Confederates losing hold of, 10; derangement of government in, 10; Legislature assembles at Memphis, 15; Andrew Johnson appointed military governor of, 15; condition in the Union, 16; judges imprisoned, 18; reprisals on secessionists, 18; lawlessness of, 18; citizens in Union army, 20; included in department of General Halleck, 20; ready for restoration, 21; free from armed insurrectionists, 22; emancipation in, 22; excluded from effects of emancipation proclamation, 22, 384; enrolling agent sent to, 27; county elections in, 27; returns, 28; reconstruction in, 29; Presidential election in, 29, 195; amended constitution of, 30; abrogates act of secession, 30; bonds of disloyal government, 30; constitution ratified by, 31; slaves emancipated in, 31; meeting of loyal Legislature, 31; McClellan electors, 35; electoral vote of, 35, 76, 129; Lincoln maintains legality of government in, 195; Mr. Davis on Unionists of, 230; insurrection in, 314; electoral vote of, 334; exclusion of electoral votes, 338; Cowan’s inquiry concerning vote of, 338; Thirteenth Amendment ratified by, 412; United States Senators chosen by, 413; disfranchising act of, 413; irregularities in election, 414; negroes and Indians made witnesses, 415; harshness to traitors favored by, 414; franchise demanded by freedmen of, 415; ravages of war in, 417; insurrection ended in, 444; Joint Committee recommend admission of, 490
Tennessee, Bank of, notes of, irredeemable, 30
Tennessee, East, slavery in, 3; loyalty of, 3; services in Revolution, 4; resources of, 4; anti-slavery journals in, 5; abolition movement in, 5; a thoroughfare to the south-west, 6; Yancey agitates in, 7; treatment of loyalists in, 9; importance of, 21; convention of, revived, 29
Tennessee, West, politics influenced by industries of, 4; martial law in, 15
Texas, expedition into, 50, 51; insurrection in, 314; damages sustained by, 437; blockade of, 444; appointment of Provisional Governor for, 467; obstacles to restoration in, 467; negro population of, 467; reconstruction incomplete, 467; not represented at opening of Thirty-ninth Congress, 490
Thayer, General, 89
Thayer, M. Russell, reconstruction address of, 242
Thomas, Dorsey B., counted out, 415
Thomas, General George, at Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain, 23; a Confederate army crippled by, 288
Thompson, Jacob, Mr. Black’s visit to, 390
Thompson, General Jefferson, 245
Treat, Hon. Samuel, excerpt from letter of, 354
Tribune, The New York, emancipation favored by, 164; protest of Wade and Davis printed in, 279
Trumbull, Lyman, on admission of Mr. Segar, 139; remarks on Crittenden resolution, 221; reconstruction bill opposed by, 273; speech on Ten Eyck’s amendment, 316; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 321, 327; resolution offered by, 343; Sumner’s offer to amend resolution of, 356; Howard’s speech on resolution of, 358; Wade moves postponement of resolution, 378; Powell’s speech on resolution of, 378; consistency of, 380; resolution recognizing Louisiana abandoned, 383
Tyng, Rev. Doctor, 151
_U_
Underwood, John C., Senator-elect from Virginia, 141
Union, dismemberment of, 1; admission of new States into, 207
Union army, Arkansas troops in, 83; troops of restored Virginia in, 109
Union associations, demand an election in Louisiana, 45; delegates appointed by, 47
Unionists, importance of Southern, 3; in Louisiana, 37, 38, 47; Lincoln’s advice to, 38; numbers in Arkansas, 77; loyalty in Arkansas, 88; conflicting views of, 88; difficulty of enlisting in Virginia, 133; oath of allegiance taken by, in North Carolina, 150; Henry Winter Davis on Southern, 231
Union party, vote of, in West Virginia, 129
United States, The, policy toward conquered provinces, 12; Tennessee promised republican form of government by, 16; oath of allegiance required of Louisiana voters, 45; policy toward loyal minorities, 105, 349; policy toward South after rebellion, 190; number of States not diminished by secession, 192; republican governments obligatory on members of, 208; duty of each to be represented in Congress, 208; union of, perpetual, 218, 219; Chase’s dictum concerning nature of, 219; Government not to interfere in affairs of States, 220; authorized to impose conditions on returning States, 366; demand for revenue felt by, 409; disloyal governments not recognized by, 409
Universal Emancipation, The Genius of, 5
Upshur County, emancipation favored by citizens of, 108
_V_
Van Winkle, P. G., election of, 128
Vicksburg, surrender of, 49
Virginia, rebel government abrogated in, 10; loyalists without civil government, 93; secession of, 93; opposition to secession in, 94; physical features of, 94; slavery introduced into, 94; slaves in, 94; historical part of, 94; birthplace of many illustrious Americans, 94; settlement of trans-Alleghany region, 95; population of western, 95; sympathy of people in western, 95; representation in Legislature, 96; taxation in, 96; power in hands of slaveholders, 96; dismemberment of, discussed, 96; danger of insurrection in, 96; change of representation in, 96; expenditure of revenue, 96; concessions to western, 97; western refuses to acquiesce in secession, 97; the disloyal in, 97; State officials favor secession, 97; Federal Government aids western, 98; ravages of war in western, 98; movement for dismemberment, 98; secession denounced by Clarksburgh meeting, 99; State government reconstituted, 100; Legislature of restored government, 102; election of United States Senators, 102; State of Kanawha to be erected in, 105; dismemberment ratified, 107; convention of, 107; Legislature meets, 109; Legislature consents to formation of new State, 110; Assembly consents to transfer of Berkeley County, 126; act annexing counties to West Virginia, 127; transfer of Berkeley and Jefferson counties, 127; opposition to transfer, 127; removal of capital, 129; Legislature passes convention bill, 130; who were voters in, 130; amended constitution of, 130; civil in conflict with military authorities, 134; Legislature meets, 137; attitude of Congress and army toward, 138; feebleness of restored government, 138; admission of Senators from, 141; disloyal government discusses emancipation, 162; United States should protect loyalists of, 191; electoral vote from restored government, 314; slavery in parts of, excepted from emancipation proclamation, 384; division permanent, 399; constitution of 1864, 425; suffrage in, 425; slavery abolished in, 425; prohibitions on Legislature, 425; President Johnson recognizes government of Pierpont, 427, 445; ravages of war in, 427; steps to restoration of, 428; election in, 431; acts of secession authorities void, 445; acts of Congress to be enforced in, 446; Alexandria ceases to be capital of, 446
_W_
Wade, Benjamin F., bill for admission of West Virginia reported by, 110; remarks on admission of West Virginia, 111; reconstruction bill reported by, 264; address of, 264; protest of, with Henry Winter Davis, 279; character of, 283; on electoral vote of Louisiana, 333; remonstrance offered by, 343; postponement of Trumbull’s resolution moved by, 378; motion to postpone, defeated, 379; Louisiana election criticised by, 381
Wade-Davis bill, House of Representatives passes, 262; Senate passes, 273; President’s action on, 273; President’s proclamation concerning, 277; revival of, 290; no provision for negro suffrage in, 494
War, expenses of, 161; condition of cessation of, 161, 397; obligations between States abrogated by, 214; Crittenden resolution on objects of, 221; objects of, 364; vindictiveness engendered by, 393
Ward, Artemus, 186
War Department, application of part of contingent fund of, 43
Warmoth, Henry C., election of, 422; elements of political strength possessed by, 423
Washburne, Elihu B., remarks of, 342
Webster, Daniel, prediction of, 126
Welles, Gideon, on admission of West Virginia, 122; Lincoln broaches emancipation to, 178; quotation from diary of, 178; narrative of, 188
Wells, J. Madison, proclamation of, 418; General Banks not in harmony with, 418; address of, 419; qualifications of voters defined by, 420
Wells, T. M., seat in Congress claimed by, 341
Wellsburgh, meeting at, 97; appointment of commissioners by, 98; arms and ammunition stored at, 98
West Virginia, Congress admits Senators from, 104, 193; prosecution of war favored by, 104; stay law passed by, 104; of revolutionary origin, 105; convention for, 107; slavery in, 107; vote on constitution, 109; vote on emancipation, 110; Senate bill for admission of, 110; allotment of Representatives to, 110; Sumner on admission of, 110; proposal to prohibit slavery in, 111; Senate on admission of, 110; Senate passes bill to admit, 113; House bill for admission of, 113; House on admission of, 113; House passes bill for admission, 119; Lincoln approves bill for admission of, 125; constitutional amendment, 125; convention approves constitution, 126; constitution ratified by voters, 126; becomes a State, 126; Berkeley County transferred to, 126; proposal to annex counties to, 127; election in, 128; inauguration of, 128; United States Senators chosen by, 128; opposition to admission of Senators from, 128; Democrats alienated by President’s recognition of, 193; Stevens finds no warrant in constitution for admission of, 214; strong enough to maintain a loyal government, 230
Wheeling, delegate convention at, 99; resolutions adopted by convention of, 100; adjournment of convention, 101; convention reassembles at, 104
Whiskey Insurrection, effects on status of Pennsylvania, 335
White, R. T. J., 88
Whittaker, John S., 41
Wickliffe, Charles A., Lincoln interviewed by, 165
Willey, Waitman T., election of, 103, 128; admitted to seat, 104; on admission of West Virginia, 112; remarks on credentials of Mr. Segar, 138, 140
Williams, General, treatment of fugitive slaves by, 159
Williams, Thomas, reconstruction address of, 238
Wilson, Henry, on recognition of restored Virginia, 140
Wilson, James F., previous question on Ashley’s bill demanded by, 295; reconstruction bill introduced by, 311; joint resolution introduced by, 314
Wisconsin, electoral vote of, 316
Wood, Fernando, reconstruction bill opposed by, 251; remarks on Ashley’s bill, 300; remarks on Wilson’s bill, 312
_Y_
Yancey, William L., 7
Yeaman, George H., reconstruction address of, 243
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected typographical errors. 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 4. Enclosed smallcaps font in =EQUALS=.