Part 38

407 ― Knox, Historie, p. 332.

408 ― Ibid. p. 146.

409 ― Ibid. p. 145.

410 ― MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland, p. 8, 9.

411 ― Ibid. p. 7.

412 ― Probably a part of the Caltonhill.

413 ― The army of the regent consisted of 5000 men, the Congregation could not muster above 1500. MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland, p. 9.

414 ― Ibid. p. 10. Knox, Historie, 151‒5.

415 ― Knox, Historie, p. 158.

416 ― MS. Historie of the Estate, &c. p. 11.

417 ― Knox, 159.

418 ― MS. Historie, p. 12.

419 ― Ibid. Knox, 159.

420 ― MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland, p. 12.

421 ― Cald. MS. i. 472, 473. Forbes, i. 131, 155. Sadler, i. 431, 432.

422 ― This refers to the agreement between the regent and lords of the Congregation, by which the latter gave up Edinburgh. The lords left Edinburgh on the 25th of July. MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland, p. 10. Knox, Historie, p. 154.

423 ― Cald. MS. i. 428, 471.

424 ― Forbes, i. 129, 130. Throkmorton wrote to the same effect to Cecil, in letters dated 7th June, and 19th July, 1559. Ibid. p. 119, 167. The ambassador was probably moved to more earnestness in this matter by the influence of Alexander Whitlaw of Greenrig, a particular friend of our Reformer, who was at this time in France. He returned soon after to Scotland, and Throkmorton recommended him to Cecil, as “a very honest, sober, and godly man.”――“You must let him se as littel sin in England as yowe maye.”――He “is greatly estemyd of Jhone Knokes, and he doth allso favour hym above other: nevertheless, he is sory for his boke rashly written.” Ibid. 137, 147‒149.

425 ― Cald. MS. i. 491.

426 ― Knox applied to the English court for a safe‑conduct for Mrs Bowes to come into Scotland, which was granted about the month of October, 1559. Sadler, i. 456, 479, 509. I have already noticed, (p. 187,) that Mrs Bowes’s husband was dead. The particular time of his death I have not ascertained, but it seems to have been between 1554 and 1556. She is designed a widow, in the correspondence between Cecil and Sadler.

427 ― Cald. MS. i. 429, 473.

428 ― Edinburgh, St Andrews, Dundee, Perth, Brechin, Montrose, Stirling, and Ayr, were the towns provided with ministers. Letter, Knox to Locke, 2d Sept. 1559: Cald. MS. i. 472.

429 ― Sadler, i. 403, 411. Forbes, vol. i. passim. Dr Robertson complains that, from the carelessness of the contemporary historians, it is impossible to ascertain the number of French soldiers in Scotland, or at what times, and under what pretexts, they had returned, after having left the kingdom in 1550. History of Scotland, p. 108. Lond. 1791. In September 1559, when the queen regent retired within the fortifications of Leith, her forces amounted to 3000 soldiers, of whom 500 only were Scots. MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland from 1559 to 1566, p. 13. A thousand men had arrived from France in the month of August, and it does not appear that any other arrival had taken place since the commencement of the late commotions. It seems pretty evident that the other 1500 had been sent from France during the war between Scotland and England, in 1556 and 1557. The lords of the Congregation mustered 8000 men in September; but only 1000 of these were trained to arms. Ibid.

430 ― Knox, Historie, p. 207.

431 ― Ibid. p. 209. Forbes, i. 155, 167.

432 ― Beausobre, Hist. Reform, i. 355‒377. Macaulay’s translation. Milner’s History of the Church, iv. 948‒9. This last historian, speaking of Luther’s apology to Henry, says, that he went “quite far enough, either for the dignity of a leading reformer, or the simplicity of a follower of Christ.” Luther himself, after receiving Henry’s reply, appears to have been abundantly sensible of the ridiculous situation in which he had placed himself, and, with a facetiousness which seldom forsook him, asked his friends, if they would not now advise him to write penitential epistles to the archbishop of Mentz, the archduke Ferdinand, and other princes whom he had offended. Milner, ut sup. p. 956.

433 ― Knox, Historie, p. 210‒2.

434 ― Strype, Annals, i. 126, ii. 95‒6. Life of Grindal, 170, and Life of Parker, 325‒6.

435 ― See Sir James Melvil’s account of his interview with Elizabeth, Memoirs, p. 49‒51, which has been adopted, and detailed by Mr Hume, and other historians.

436 ― Cecil was accustomed to keep back intelligence which he knew would be disagreeable to his mistress. A curious instance of this occurs with respect to the misfortune which happened to Cockburn of Ormiston, while conveying a subsidy which she had sent to the Congregation. Sadler, i. 573. We learn from one of his letters, that he did not usually communicate the epistles of our Reformer, whom he knew to be no favourite with Elizabeth. Ibid. p. 535.

437 ― Knox, Historie, p. 212.

438 ― Knox, Historie, 59, 213.

439 ― Knox, Historie, p. 212‒214. The State Papers of Sir Ralph Sadler have been lately published in 2 vols. 4to. The 1st volume contains the greater part of the letters that passed between Sadler and the agents of the Congregation. They throw much light upon this interesting period of our national history, and ought to be consulted, in addition to the histories which appeared previous to their publication.

440 ― Keith, Append. 42.

441 ― See Note KK.

442 ― Sadler, i. 520, 524. Randolph mentions in one of his letters, that both Knox and Balnaves were discontented. Keith has inserted a letter in which Balnaves complains of, and vindicates himself from, the charges brought against him. Sadler afterwards endeavoured to pacify them. Keith, Append. 43, 44. Sadler, i. p. 537, 548. Notwithstanding the complaints against the Congregation for being too “open,” there is some reason to think that Sir James Croft’s own secretary had informed the queen regent of the correspondence between England and the Congregation, Forbes, i. p. 137.

443 ― “See how Mr Knox still presses his under‑hand management!” says Keith. _Quære_: Did the honest bishop never find any occasion, in the course of his history, to reprimand such management in his own friends? or, did he think that intrigue was criminal, only when it was employed by protestant cabinets and ministers?

444 ― Keith, Append. 40‒42. Sadler, i. p. 523. In fact, if a storm had not dispersed and shattered the French fleet, which had on board the marquis D’Elbeuf, and a large body of troops, destined for the reinforcement of the queen regent, the English, after so long delay, would have found it very difficult to expel the French from Scotland.

445 ― Sadler, i. 522, 534, 568.

446 ― The lords of the Congregation having proposed to send our Reformer to London as one of their commissioners, Cecil found it necessary to discourage the proposal. “Of all others, Knoxees name, if it be not Goodman’s, is most odious here; and therefore, I wish no mention of him [coming] hither.” And in another letter he says; “His writings [_i.e._ Knox’s letters] doo no good here; and therefore I doo rather suppress them, and yet I meane not but that ye should contynue in sending of them.” Sadler, i. 532, 535. The editor of Sadler supposes, without any reason, that Knox and Goodman were disliked by the English court on account of their Geneva discipline, and republican tenets. The unpardonable offence of which both had been guilty was different from either of these; they had attacked “the regiment of women.”

447 ― Sadler, i. 540. Keith, Append. 40.

448 ― “In twenty‑four hours, I have not four free to natural rest, and easce of this wicked carcass. Remember my last request for my mother, and say to Mr George,” (Sir George Bowes, his brother‑in‑law,) “that I have need of a good and an assured horse; for great watch is laid for my apprehension, and large money promised till any that shall kyll me.――――And this part of my care now poured in your bosom, I cease farther to trouble you, being troubled myself in body and spirit, for the troubles that be present, and appear to grow. At mydnicht.

“Many things I have to writ, which now tym suffereth not, but after, if ye mak haste with this messinger, ye shall undirstand more. R ryt I write with sleaping eis.” Knox’s letter to Raylton, 23d October, 1559. Keith, Append. 38. Sadler, i. 681, 682.

This letter, written with the Reformer’s own hand, is in the British Museum. Cotton MS. Calig. B. ix. f. 38. The conclusion of the letter, which is here printed in imitation of the original, is very descriptive of the state of the writer at the time. It also appears from this letter, that, amidst his other employments, he had already begun and made considerable progress in his History of the Reformation.

449 ― Forbes, i. 117, 144, 163, 166. Sadler, i. 404, 417, 447.

450 ― See Note LL.

451 ― Dr Robertson says, “It was the work but of one day to examine and resolve this nice problem, concerning the behaviour of subjects towards a ruler who abuses his power.” But it may be observed, that this was the _formal_ determination of the question. It had been discussed among the protestants frequently before this meeting, and, as early as the beginning of September, they were nearly unanimous about it. Sadler, i, 433. It should also be noticed, that the queen regent was only suspended from, not absolutely “deprived of,” her office.

452 ― Knox, 182‒187.

453 ― Sadler, i. 510, 511.

454 ― Spotswood, p. 137. Keith, p. 104.

455 ― Villers’s Essay on the spirit and influence of the Reformation of Luther, Mill’s Translation, p. 183, 186, 321, 327.

456 ― See above, p. 7‒9.

457 ― “I prais my God,” said he, “I have not learned to cry conjuration and treasoun at every thing that the godles multitude does condemn, neither yet to fear the things that they fear.” Conference with Murray and Maitland: Historie, p. 339.

458 ― The authorities for this statement of Knox’s political opinions will be found in Note MM.

459 ― “Concedit autem,” says Melanchthon, “evangelium uti legibus politicis cum ratione congruentibus. Imo si talis defensio non esset concessa, transformaretur evangelium in doctrinam politicam, et stabiliret infinitam tyranniden.” Comment. in Prov. xxiv. 21, 22. And again: “Non constituit evangelium novas politias, quare nec infinitam servitutem præcepit.” 2. Artic. Symbol. Nicen. sub quæstione, _Utrum armis reprimendi sunt tyranni?_ This argument influenced Luther to retract the unlimited condemnation of resistance which he had formerly published, and to approve of the League of Smalcald. Sleidan, Comment. lib. 8. Dean Milner has overlooked this fact, in his statement of the political principles of that Reformer.

460 ― Knox has preserved in his History (p. 194‒197) the principal topics on which he insisted in this sermon.

461 ― Knox, Historie, p. 197, 201, 215. Spotswood, p. 140. MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland, p. 19‒22.

462 ― A particular account of this expedition, overlooked in our common histories, is given in MS. Historie of the Estate of Scotland from 1559 to 1566, p. 25‒7. Lesley (p. 519) refers to it obscurely. Spotswood (p. 140) and Keith (p. 110) have confounded it with a different expedition, which was undertaken in November preceding.

463 ― Those who wish to see a particular account of the negociations between France and England, and of the motives which influenced both courts in their conduct towards Scotland, may consult the letters published by Forbes and Haynes, particularly those written from November 1559 to July 1560.

464 ― Buchanani Oper. i. 313. Knox, 229‒234. Spotswood, p. 147‒9. Keith, p. 130‒145.

465 ― Lesley, p. 516‒7. Spotswood, 133‒4. Keith, 102. Sadler says, that the bishop of Amiens came “to curse, and also to dispute with the protestants, and to reconcile them, if it wolbe.” State Papers, i. 470.

466 ― The earl of Glencairn’s satirical poem against the friars is written in the form of an epistle from this hermit. Knox, Historie, p. 25.

467 ― He was the ancestor of Lord Colville of Ochiltree (Douglas’s Peerage, p. 147); and was killed at the siege of Leith, on the 7th of May, 1560. Knox, Historie, p. 227.

468 ― Row’s MS. Historie of the Kirk, p. 356, transcribed in 1726. An account of this pretended miracle and its detection, probably taken from the above MS., will be found in the Weekly Magazine for June 1772.

469 ― The English ambassadors, in a letter to Elizabeth, say: “Two things have bene tow hott [too hot] for the French too meddle withal; and therefore they be passed, and left as they found them. The first is the matter of religion, which is here as freely, and rather more earnestly, (as I, the secretary, thynk,) receaved than in England: a hard thyng now to alter, as it is planted.” Haynes, p. 352. Dr Wotton, dean of Windsor, and secretary Cecil, are the subscribers of this letter; but as it would have been rather too much for the dean to say that religion was “more earnestly received” in Scotland than in England, the secretary alone vouches for that fact.

470 ― By one of the articles of the treaty, the parliament, after agreeing upon such things as they thought necessary for the reformation of religion, were to send deputies into France to represent them to their Majesties. Knox, Historie, p. 234. Spotswood, p. 149.

471 ― Robertson’s History of Scotland, b. i. Keith, p. 147‒8.

472 ― Act. Parl. Scot. ii. 525‒6. Keith, 146‒7. Robertson, i. Append. No. iv. In the list of members in this parliament, the names of the lesser barons, or gentlemen of the shire, are inserted after those of the commissioners of boroughs; the roll having been made up previous to the admission of the former.

473 ― Knox, Historie, p. 237‒8.

474 ― Act. Parl. Scot. ii. 526‒534. Knox, Historie, p. 240‒253. Dunlop’s Confessions, ii. 21‒98.

475 ― In Knox’s Historie, “the 17th day of _July_” is printed, by mistake, instead of the 17th of _August_. Act. Parl. Scot. ii. 534.

476 ― Knox, Historie, p. 253.

477 ― Keith is at a great loss to account for, and excuse, the silence of the popish clergy (to whom he is uniformly partial); and he found himself obliged to retract one apology which he had made for them, viz. that they were deterred from speaking by the threatenings of their opponents. History, p. 149, 150, comp. 488, note (a).

478 ― Knox, Historie, p. 253.

479 ― Act. Parl. Scot. ii. 534‒5. Knox, Historie, p. 254‒5.

480 ― In an early part of the Record, is the following entry:――

Item, the xii of November, (1516,) to Margaret Cornewle for i buk takin fra her and gevin to my l. of Sanct Andros, xxxiii li.

481 ― Comp. Knox, Historie, p. 40.

482 ― Comp. Bannatyne Miscellany, vol. i. p. 253‒263.

483 ― In the Treasurer’s Accompts, under the year 1534, is the following entry:

“Item, to ane servand of Cocleus, quhilk bro{t} fra his maister ane buik intitulat , to his reward x{li}.”

484 ― The words in Italics are not in the printed copies.

485 ― The printed copies, instead of “end,” have “fyne;” a word sometimes used in the MS. Letters.

486 ― A charter of confirmation was granted to Mr Henry Balnaves and Christian Scheves, his spouse, of the lands of “Ester Cullessy vocat. Halhill,” on the 10th of August, 1538. Reg. Secr. Sigil. lib. xiij. f. 20. On the 12th of May, 1562, a letter under the privy seal was granted to Mr Henry Balnaves of Halhill, restoring him to his lands, honours, &c., of which he had been deprived “for certane allegit crymes of lese majestie imput to him.” Ibid. lib. xxxi. f. 16.

487 ― _i.e._ deign: in the printed copies it is “disease himself.”

488 ― The printed copies are unintelligible here.

489 ― In a list of books belonging to the university of St Andrews, Winram’s Catechism is entered as a work distinct from that of Hamilton. Life of Andrew Melville, vol. i. p. 191.

490 ― Carol. Rinaldinij. _Matth. Analit. art. pars 3tia._

491 ― _Nouvell. de la Republ. de Lett._ 1685.

492 ― Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. xx. p. 422.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES.

The following corrections have been made in the text:

Page 248: Sentence starting: And the primate, at her.... ― ‘fist’ replaced with ‘first’ (same place on the first of March)

Page 318: Sentence starting: The armament which they had.... ― ‘he’ replaced with ‘the’ (from the severe persecutions)

Page 330: Sentence starting: And the farther consideration.... ― ‘tha’ replaced with ‘that’ (that none might pretend)

Page 394: – Text page 394 mislabeled as ‘396’ (in {394} this article) Sentence starting: _Confession of Faith; conteining.... ― ‘1348’ replaced with ‘1548’ (pallaice of Roane, in the year 1548)

Page 407: Sentence starting: “Premierement que la Ministere.... – ‘l’Egliss’ replaced with ‘l’Eglise’ (diuine en l’Eglise de Christ,) Sentence starting: Et non pas qu’il luy ait donné.... – ‘aiusy’ replaced with ‘ainsy’ (ainsy que tres bien)

Page 419: Sentence starting: Caveant vero ipsi rectores,... – ‘nici’ replaced with ‘nisi’ (nisi ex judicio,)

Page 420: Sentence starting: Et si aliquis id attentare.... – ‘contraversias’ replaced with ‘controversias’ (ullis controversias et quæstiones)