CHAPTER IX.

The battle of Jena; Weimar plundered by the French; Goethe’s life saved through Christiane’s presence of mind; his helpfulness in a time of public trial; his formal marriage with Christiane; his son August; Johanna Schopenhauer; Bettina von Arnim; death of his mother in 1808; his interviews with Napoleon; new edition of Goethe’s writings; First Part of “Faust” published in 1808; change in his conception of the work as a whole; reception of the First Part by the public; “Die Wahlverwandtschaften”; “Aus Meinem Leben”; “West-Oestlicher Divan”; the War of Liberation; Goethe’s feeling about it; the Duke of Weimar is made a Grand Duke, and Goethe becomes First Minister of State in 1815; death of his wife on June 6, 1816 156