CHAPTER XV.

The Printing of Catalogues.

The Preparation of "Copy." Markings for Type. Styles of Printing in Various Catalogues. Table of Types. Tenders for Printing. Model Specification. Reading and Correction of Proofs. Type "Kept Standing."

The preparation of the manuscript of the catalogue for the press, and the reading and correction of proofs, call for great care on the part of the cataloguer, if the results of his labours are to be entirely satisfactory when in print.

The slips being all sorted into exact order, it is well to paste them down on sheets of paper, to make the "copy" for the printer. Any kind of paper serves the purpose, provided it is strong and the sheets are uniform in size; back numbers of periodicals, if on good paper, do quite well. When the entries in the dictionary catalogue under a subject-heading are fairly numerous, they are sub-divided before they are pasted down; the entries themselves usually suggesting the appropriate sub-headings--or "arrangement according to material." Some sub-divisions have been added to the illustrative entries in these pages to show this. The headings of the second and subsequent entries under an author's name, and under a subject, are cut away before the slips are pasted down, or they must be scored through afterwards; watchful care has to be exercised lest too much be cut off the slips at this time. If the catalogue is classified the numerical symbols are interpreted, and such class-headings, divisions, and sub-divisions written as are required to be printed. The sheets of paper should be pasted and the slips laid on them and rubbed down, instead of pasting each slip separately.

Should the catalogue entries be written or typed on good cards, inconvenient to paste down, or which it is desired to preserve, they can be numbered consecutively and strung together for the printer; anything upon them not meant to be printed being marked out, including in this case also the headings of second and subsequent entries under a single heading and an author's name.

Whether sent on separate cards or as pasted sheets, each entry must be marked for the sizes and styles of type the printer is to use. The following is a convenient and recognised method of doing this:--

For CAPITALS underline three times in black ink.

For SMALL CAPITALS underline twice in black ink.

For _Italics_ underline once in black ink.

For =Clarendon=, =Antique=, or other heavy type underline as before but in red.

For smaller type than the body of the catalogue mark the portions down the margin with a vertical line.

Various considerations enter into the question of the style or "get-up" (i.e., size, types, paper, binding) of the catalogue. In all rate-supported libraries the foremost of these is the expense involved. Owing to the disconnected nature of catalogue entries the setting is somewhat troublesome work for the compositor, and, taking longer time than straightforward work, costs more, though the modern type-setting machines, Linotype and Monotype, have facilitated the work. It is a well-known fact in connection with public libraries that the public will not pay more than a merely nominal sum for a catalogue, and certainly nothing approaching the cost of printing--to be compelled to sell a catalogue for 6d. which cost 1s. 6d. or 2s. per copy to produce is a common experience. Sometimes the difference in cost is made good by advertisements, though this is an unreliable source of revenue. Advertisers do not regard a catalogue as a good medium for this purpose owing to the small number in an edition; the fact that it is in constant use does not weigh much with them. If advertisements can be dispensed with so much the better, as they detract from the appearance of a catalogue even if they do not actually disfigure it. The extent of the library catalogued also enters into the matter. A small one not requiring a large catalogue can use larger type in printing, though a small library and a small income often go together, when strict economy has to be exercised. Again there is the question of including the books of the reference department in the catalogue, making it a general one, which adds to its bulk and cost. The reference books having to be used upon the premises are quite sufficiently brought under notice by means of the card or sheaf form of catalogues, typewritten or in manuscript, now in general use, though it may be desirable for a newly-established library to have a complete catalogue of all departments. Those persons who understand a "reference department" to consist of a few directories, dictionaries, and almanacks, may thus learn that it comprises much more. The extent of the collection also affects this, as it is desirable, if not actually necessary, that the printed catalogue shall be kept within such limits as to be portable, and in a single volume, because some people prefer to have their own copies rather than make use of those provided in the library, and others make their choice of books solely at home. All this applies more especially to the catalogues of lending libraries, as, generally speaking, printed catalogues of reference libraries are seldom seen nowadays--they are more of a luxury than a necessity.

The illustrative examples throughout this work give an idea of the styles of types recommended, though the choice is more one of usage or personal preference. The following examples, taken from various catalogues, are selected as representing the styles of printing usually met with in catalogues.

A common and very economical form is set in 8-point (or brevier) old-style type, with authors' names, when leading, in small capitals, the subject-headings in antique, with the entries under them in 6-point (or nonpareil) as well as all contents and annotations. It is printed in double columns with a double rule dividing the columns, and on a royal octavo page:--

HAYNE, M. H. E., and H. W. TAYLOR. The pioneers of the Klondyke. 1897 I 4126 HAYNES, E. S. P. Religious persecution: a study in political psychology. 1904 B 1530 Hayti:-- Pritchard, H. Where black rules white. 1900 I 4986 St. John, Sir S. Hayti; or, the Black Republic. 1889 I 4378 Texier, C. Au pays des généraux: Haiti. 1891 I 1145 Heber. Reginald, _Bp._ Poetical works. '75 H 90 Robinson, T. The last days of Bishop Heber. 1831 I 2348

A variation has the authors' names, wherever they occur, printed in clarendon (heavy type) and the subject-headings in capitals and small capitals after this fashion:--

=Cellini, Benvenuto.= Life of, [by himself]; transl., [with an introduction,] by John A. Symonds. Illus. 2 v. roy. 8º. 1888 E 7032 -- =Birrell, A.= A rogue's memoirs. (_In his_ Obiter dicta, ser. I.) 1884 H 3462 -- =Goethe, J. W. von.= Benvenuto Cellini. (_In his_ Sämtliche Werke, v. 29.) [1885] H 3131 =Celsus, Aurelius C.= De medicina; ad fidem optimorum librorum denuo recensuit adnotatione critica indicibusque instruxit C. Daremberg. (_Bibl. script Graec. et Roman. Teubneriana._) pp. xlviii, 407 sm. 8º. _Lipsiae_, 1859 O 430 -- =Froude, J. A.= Origen and Celsus. (_In his_ Short studies, ser. 4.) 1883 E 2926

CELTS. -- =Guest, E.= Origines Celticae 2 v. 1833 E 5178 -- =Lemière, P. L.= Etude sur les Celtes et les Gaulois 1881 E 3848 -- Revue celtique. Tomes 4-11 8 v. 1881-91 H 1857 -- =Rhys, J.= Origin and growth of religion as illustrated by Celtic heathendom 1888 A 3481 -- =Warren, F. E.= The liturgy and ritual of the Celtic church 1881 A 3595 -- _see also Ireland_ (_Language and literature._)

The disadvantage of this style is the over-emphasis of authors' names at the cost of subject-headings, which are somewhat obscured instead of being made prominent. The general appearance is not good, the page having a "spotty" look.

The next example is much the same in character as the first, except that it is set in modern-faced type, the shelf numbers are given in heavy type, and the gauge is different. On the whole it presents a pleasing appearance, though the punctuation is unusual:--

=Glaciers.= Green (W. S.) Among the Selkirk glaciers. 1890. _ill. maps._ =C 2376= Helmholtz (H.) Ice and glaciers: _in his_ Popular lectures, v. 1. 1884. =E 4726= Molloy (G.) The glaciers of the Alps: _in his_ Gleanings in science. 1888. =E 4926= Rendu ( ) Theory of the glaciers of Savoy. 1874. _map._ =E 4623= _in_ Tyndall (J.) The forms of water. 1885. _ill._ =E 4179= Gladiators; by G. J. W. Melville. v. d. =F 6041,= =F 6042= GLADSTONE (J. H.) The life of Faraday: in Science lectures, Manchester, v. 2. 1885. =E 3841= GLADSTONE (WILLIAM E.) Gleanings of past years. 1879-97. 8v. 12º =H 8114-21= =1.= The Throne and the Prince Consort; The Cabinet and constitution. =2.= Personal and literary. =3.= Historical and speculative. =4.= Foreign. =5-6.= Ecclesiastical =7.= Miscellaneous. =8.= Theological and Ecclesiastical. Homer. 1878. 12º =G 7233=

"Old-style" in type does not mean old-fashioned, but the more artistic and readable type modelled on the lettering of the early printers, principally those of the Italian presses, and is that most preferred at present. If anything, modern-faced type is the older fashioned. Fantastic or decorated types, even for initial capitals at the commencement of a division of the catalogue, are better avoided. The following is an example somewhat after the style of the second given above, but applied to a classified catalogue:--

=944 French History.= =Coignet= (Clarisse) Francis I. [of France] and his times. [Translated] from the French by Fanny Twemlow. Lond. 1888. 8vo. pp. iv. 371. =944.028 C 1=

=Beauchamp= (Comte de) Louis XIII. d'après sa correspondance avec le Cardinal de Richelieu. Paris, 1902. fol. pp. [iv]. 460. _Ports., map and illus._ =F 944.032 B 1=

=Furse= (George Armand) 1800. Marengo and Hohenlinden. Lond. 1903. 8vo. pp. xii. 478. _Port., illus. and maps._ =944.046 F 2=

=Bowles= (Thomas Gibson) The defence of Paris, [1870-71] narrated as it was seen. Lond. 1871. 8vo. pp. x. 405. _Map and illus._ =944.08 B 4=

When varying sizes of type are used for distinctive purposes, the contrast is better brought about by using for the smaller type one which is two sizes under that of the body of the catalogue. Thus if 10-point (or long primer) is used, then 8-point (or brevier) is taken for the small type rather than 9-point (or bourgeois), which would not be sufficiently distinctive. All the above examples are in 8-point (or brevier) with 6-point (or nonpareil) for the small size. The following table of types and the space they occupy is useful for reference:--

SIZES OF TYPES.

This is old-style 12-point (Pica) This is old-style 11-point (Small Pica) This is old-style 10-point (Long Primer) This is old-style 9-point (Bourgeois) This is old-style 8-point (Brevier) This is old-style 7-point (Minion) This is old-style 6-point (Nonpareil)

This is modern-faced 12-point (Pica) This is modern-faced 11-point (Small Pica) This is modern-faced 10-point (Long Primer) This is modern faced 9-point (Bourgeois) This is modern-faced 8-point (Brevier) This is modern faced 7-point (Minion) This is modern-faced 6-point (Nonpareil)

Where cost has not to be considered, a better effect is obtained by printing a catalogue across the page instead of in double columns. This takes up nearly twice as much space, given the same size of type, and is usually printed in demy octavo size (8½ inches by 5½). If the number of entries is large the catalogue makes a thick volume, though this depends largely upon the size of type used. The following example is taken from a class-list printed in 8-point (or brevier) with notes and contents in 6-point (or nonpareil) as in the double-columned catalogues shown above:--

POOLE, G. AYLIFFE. History of ecclesiastical architecture in England, pp. xiv, 415, port 8º. 1848 -- and OTHERS. Architectural notices of the churches of the archdeaconry of Northampton: deaneries of Higham Ferrers and Haddon. pp. xii. 288, illus. roy. 8º. 1849 POTTER, JOSEPH. Remains of ancient monastic architecture in England roy. fº. [1845-7] _Contents_--Buildwas Abbey church, pl. 33.--Wenlock Priory church. pl. 30.--Tintern Abbey church. pl. 49. -- Specimens of antient English architecture: ... plans, elevations, sections, and details.--Ecclesiastical. pp. 31, pl. 42. roy. 4º. 1848 PRICKETT, MARMADUKE. Historical and architectural description of the Priory church of Bridlington. pp. xxviii, 130, pl. 17. 8º. _Cambridge_, 1831 PRIOUX, STANISLAS. Monographie de l'ancienne abbaye royale Saint-Yved de Braine; [avec plans, élévations, &c.] pp. iii, 104, pl. 26. fº. _Paris_, 1859

It is with the object of using larger-sized types that catalogues are printed across the page, as the double-columned catalogue does not admit of the use of large type without adopting a wide page, which is somewhat inconvenient. The next three examples are of the larger-type character:-- The following is set in 9-point (bourgeois) with the contents and notes in 5-point (or pearl). The setting of works of fiction in double columns is an economical feature, as the short titles of this class of literature permit a saving. The catalogue from which it is taken, including preface and key to the indicator of 50 pages, contains 760 pages for a lending library of just under 20,000 volumes:--

REEVEs, Wm. P. The Long White Cloud--Ao Tea Roa. [New Zealand]. 1898 3026 H State Experiments in Australia and New Zealand. 2 vols. 1902 610 C Reflection, Aids to, by S. T. Coleridge. 1873 19 B Reflets sur la sombre route, par 'Pierre Loti.' 1899 1809 G Reform Bill. Epoch of Reform, 1830-50, by J. McCarthy. 1882 1018 H

=Reformation, The=:-- Beard, C. The Reformation of the 16th century. Hibbert Lect. 1897 839 B Beckett, W. H. The English Reformation of the 16th century. 1890 694 B Bettany, G. T. Popular history of the Reformation and Modern Protestantism. 1895 1808 H REICH, Emil. Foundations of modern Europe. 1904 4331 H The War of American Independence, 1763-83. The French Revolution. Napoleon. The Re-action. The Revolutions. The Unity of Italy. The Unity of Germany. The Franco-German War. REID, Capt. Mayne. Odd People; singular races of man. 1885 543 D and 1598 K Tales;-- Afloat in the Forest 2608 I and 1174 K Boy Hunters 2609 I and 1175 K Boy Slaves 2610 I and 1176 K Boy Tar 2611 I and 1177 K Bruin 2612 I and 1178 K Bush Boys 2613 I and 1179 K Chase of the Leviathan 2614 I and 1180 K Child Wife 2615 I and 1181 K Cliff Climbers 2616 I and 1182 K Sequel to 'Plant Hunters. Death-Shot 2617 I and 1183 K

The type here is 11-point (or small pica) with contents and notes in 6-point (nonpareil). This catalogue runs to 790 pages (for 32,000 volumes) without advertisements, and a bound copy weighs 2¾ lbs.:--

Burlesque plays and poems F =1511= Chaucer's 'Rime of Thopas.' Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Knight of the burning pestle.' Villier's 'Rehearsal.' Phillips's 'Splendid shilling.' Fielding's 'Tom Thumb the Great.' Carey's 'Namby Pamby and Chrononhotonthologos.' Canning's 'Rovers.' Rhode's 'Bombastes Furioso.' Smith's 'Rejected addresses.' Hood's 'Odes to great people.' BURLS, Robert. Plan and Operations of the Essex Congregational Union. 1848 Ref. 3346

=Burmah=: CLIFFORD, H. Further India. 1904 G=16522= CUMING, E. D. In the shadow of the pagoda. 1893 G =7042= HALL, H. F. Soul of a people. 1902 G=15227= -- A people at school. 1906 G=16750= MURRAY's Handbook for India, Burmah & Ceylon. '07 Ref. 3446 NISBET, J. Burma under British rule and before. 2 v. G=15413-14= _Refer also to_ Manipur, Shan States. BURN, R. S., _Ed._ Ornamental draughtsman and designer. 1892 E =7277= BURNABY, E. Ride from Land's End to John o' Groats. 1893 4661 BURNABY, Fred. Ride to Khiva. 1877 G =176=, =1581= BURNAND, Sir F. C. Happy thoughts. 1874 5609

In this the type of the body of the catalogue is the same in size as the previous example (11-point), the contents under subject-heading being in 8-point (brevier) take up less room. The catalogue contains 500 pages for 15,000 volumes.

WILSON (John) [_Christopher North_] Noctes ambrosianæ. 4 v. _See also_ De Quincey (T.) Works. v. 16 -- Hall (S. C.) Book of memories. [1876] WILSON (J. P.) Scriptural proofs. 1887 WILSON (R.) Steam boilers. 1879 WILSON (W.) Swimming instructor, _il._ 1883 =Wiltshire.= Murray's Handbook for Wiltshire, _etc. map._ 1882 Worth (R. N.) Guide to Wiltshire, _map_. 1887 _Willert_ (P. F.) Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots in France. _il._ 1893 WILLIAM I. Freeman (E. A.) William the Conqueror. 1888 Planche (J. R.) The Conqueror and his companions. 2 v. WILLIAM II. Freeman (E. A.) Reign of William Rufus. 2 v. WILLIAM III. Traill (H. D.) William III. 1888 WILLIAM IV. Fitzgerald (P.) Life and times of William IV. 2 v. 1884 Greville (C. C. F.) Journals. v. 2-3. 1888 Huish (R.) Life and reign of William IV. _il._ WILLIAM _of Malmesbury_. Chronicle of the kings of England. [449-1142.] 1847 WILLIAMS (E. E.) "Made in Germany." 1896

There are other sizes of catalogues from a quarto to a duodecimo, so far as the size of the pages is concerned, but the above examples include all sizes of type that it is advisable to use; anything larger than 11-point (small pica) being too large, and anything smaller than 6-point (nonpareil) is hardly readable. Brevier, or the nearest to it, 8-point, is a useful and economical size, as examination of the foregoing examples proves, and while it is comparatively small it must be remembered that catalogues are merely looked at and not read through in the ordinary meaning of the term.

The styles of types having been settled, it is customary to invite tenders for the work from printing firms selected because of their repute, experience, and ability to carry out such work. The possibility of securing a satisfactory or economical piece of work is very remote if it is open to all who choose to tender, even within a local area. The cheapest tender obtained in this way frequently proves the dearest in the end, to say nothing of the worry and vexation caused to the librarian by people undertaking work they have not the material or competence to execute properly. All firms must tender upon the same basis, and therefore it is essential that a specification be prepared for the purpose. The following is prepared for the style of printing first mentioned (page 220), though it can be easily altered in this and other respects to suit requirements. It is fairer to all concerned if a specimen page is set up embodying the cataloguer's intentions and all the styles of type it is proposed to use as nearly as possible in the right proportions, though this is not of first-rate importance if the various sizes to be used are separately priced and measured up for payment at the completion of the work. It must be remembered that though smaller type occupies less space it costs more to compose than the larger. It is also an advantage to have some portion of the manuscript ("copy") ready in order that a printer tendering may examine it and judge of its nature if he so desires.

[_Specification for Printing._]

COUNTY BOROUGH OF BIBLIOVILLE.

Specification for Printing a Catalogue of the Public Library.

The Committee of the Public Library invite tenders for printing a catalogue of their Lending Library upon the following conditions:

_Edition and Size._--The edition to consist of three thousand copies, royal octavo in size (not less than 9¼ by 6 when bound).

NOTE.--The number of the edition depends entirely upon local circumstances and probable sales. A library of 5,000 borrowers will take about seven years to sell 3,500 copies of a catalogue at 6d. per copy.

_Paper._--To be at least 32lbs. royal to the ream, of good finish, white, uniform in tint throughout.

_Type and Setting._--8-point Old-style, with occasional small capitals, italics, and Clarendon or antique, with 6-point for subjects,[1] notes, and contents, and the proper accented letters in foreign languages. To be set solid, two columns to the page, seventy lines 8-point to the column (apart from page-heading, which is to contain a title and catch-word syllables), each fifteen ems wide, with double division rules between. Turnover lines to be indented one em, the repeat dash to be a one em rule, the class-letter and number to stand clear four ems, the 6-point indent to be two ems. Spaces between the end of the book-entry and the class-letter to be filled with leaders. The type must not be worn or broken, and must be free from wrong-founts. The "copy" must be closely followed for the punctuation and use of capitals.

[1] If the entries under subject-headings are to be in smaller type.

_Machining._--The sheets to be well worked in perfect register, with good ink and uniform impression, afterwards rolling or pressing if needed.

NOTE.--Good printers do not now need to hot press or roll the sheets.

_Time._--From the first receipt of copy, the work to be proceeded with at a rate of not less than two sheets of sixteen pages each per week until completed [or in default thereof the printer to pay a sum of two pounds per week as damages.]

NOTE.--A penalty clause is optional; much depends upon the printer, who may be very dilatory and use the work to fill up with when not otherwise busy.

_Proofs._--Two copies of proof in galley and two copies of a revise in page to be furnished for reading and correction. The Librarian to have the right to demand a revise in galley and such revises in page as he shall deem necessary. No sheet to be sent to press until ordered by the endorsement of the Librarian thereon.

_Additions and corrections._--The Librarian to have the right to insert additional matter in galley but not in page except as an author's correction. No extra charge to be allowed for author's corrections unless pointed out and priced at the time they are made.

_Number of pages._[2]--The number of pages is estimated to be 250 more or less, but this is not guaranteed, and no allowance will be made for any miscalculation in this respect.

[2] An estimate made from the "copy" is liable to turn out wrong when the work is in type, the tendency being to overstate the number of pages, when the printer is within his rights, according to trade usages, in claiming for profit upon the full number of pages upon which his estimate is based; therefore it is wise to leave the matter open in this way.

_Covers._--Three thousand covers to be printed upon coloured paper of an approved tint, not less than 34lbs. to the ream (royal). The front of this cover to be printed with the title of the catalogue.

NOTE.--If the catalogue is not to be bound in boards, but is to have paper covers only, the weight of the paper should be at least 70lbs.

_Binding._--The whole edition is to be bound in good strawboards of suitable thickness, with cloth strip backs, and strongly sewn with thread, the covers being pasted on the front and back and the whole cut flush. Fourteen days will be allowed for binding after the last sheet has been returned for the press.

_Delivery._--The catalogues when completed are to be securely tied up in brown paper parcels of fifty each and delivered to the Librarian at the Public Library.

_Tender._--The tender is to state the price per page for 8-point and for 6-point type respectively, this price to be inclusive of all charges for press corrections, covers, binding, and delivery as aforesaid. When completed the work is to be measured up, and charges will be allowed according to the quantity used of each of the above types. Payment will be made within three months afterwards.

_Other conditions._--The work is to be executed to the entire satisfaction of the Librarian, and if he is dissatisfied with it in any respect he is authorised to stop the work and refer the matter to the Library Committee for their decision, which shall be final and binding.

_Contract._--The Committee may require the firm whose tender is accepted to enter into a contract with the Borough Council to carry out the work in accordance with this specification and its conditions, and to give an undertaking that the rate of wages paid and hours of labour observed are those that are generally accepted as fair by the printing trades.

The Committee do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any tender.

Specimens of the kind of work required can be inspected at the Librarian's office, where also the "copy" can be seen as far as ready.

Tenders, with samples of the papers proposed to be used, are to be sent in sealed envelopes, endorsed "Catalogue," to reach the undersigned not later than noon on the 5th day of November, 1913.

JOHN SMITH, _Librarian_.

Public Library, The Broadway, Biblioville, _20th October, 1913_.

The preliminaries having been settled, the work of printing is put in hand by furnishing the printer with a supply of "copy," of say 100 sheets, duly marked for varieties of type and other details. In due course the printer will send two or three copies of proofs printed in single column on long strips of paper known as "galleys," with ample margins on which to mark the corrections. The corrections are not marked on the printed matter alone, but the nature of the correction required is also marked in the margin. An assistant, possessing some knowledge of the subject, should read out the "copy" slowly and distinctly to the cataloguer, at the same time directing attention to any peculiarities of spelling, punctuation, accented letters, and the like. It is a very difficult task to correct the proofs by reference to the "copy" without having it read aloud. Each galley having been once read through should have the shelf numbers called again, as mistakes in these cause most trouble. After this the cataloguer will be well advised to read the galleys through carefully once more, apart from the "copy," provided he can spare the time, and is not overwhelmed with proofs by the printer. He should also mark the places for the insertion of any additions, which are either written on the margins or, if large in number, made into a new sheet of "copy," with a separate numbering for each item, this numbering being used for marking the exact place where it is to be inserted.

When the corrections are many, as they often are in the early stages of the work before the compositor has got into the right way, it is advisable to have "a revise" in galley--that is, an additional "pull" after the corrections are made. Should the corrections be comparatively few, the printer may safely be trusted to put them right, and a revise in page form will suffice. This revise in page needs careful reading for catch-letters and other page headings, and for the repetition of authors' names and subject-headings when they are divided at the tops of columns (or pages). This reading is done without the "copy," which, once being read, is not needed again, except for reference.

Most catalogues are now set up on the Linotype or Monotype machines, when it is as well to ascertain which of these machines is in use. By the Linotype a single addition of a word or correction of a letter involves the resetting of the whole line, possibly two, and the lines must be re-read. Corrections on the Monotype are made by single pieces in the ordinary way. It is essential in hand-setting to look out for wrong founts, that is pieces of another size or style of type which have been accidentally mixed up with that being used, and if printed will mar the appearance. Broken and worn letters also should be marked to be changed. Work on the type-setting machines is not so much subject to these faults, though they are possible. The method of correcting a proof and the signs used in the process are shown in Appendix A.

With the object of saving expense in the printing of new editions of catalogues, some librarians are trying the experiment of keeping the type standing and paying a small rental. The edition printed is then not so large as usual, and when a new edition is required the type is again used and the new additions inserted. An arrangement of this kind requires that the original estimate shall include a price per page for reprints with additions and for re-imposition. This attempt at economy has not yet got beyond the experimental stage.

The storage of type until wanted for reprinting does not enter into consideration where the Monotype setting machine is used, the perforated paper rolls being easily filed away until required again; though this is rather the concern of the printer than of the librarian.

We may conclude with the following quotation taken from the preface of a library catalogue:--

"In the former catalogue it was said that 'It would seem to be impossible to produce a catalogue absolutely free from errors of compilation or the press, and some are already noted for correction when the next edition is called for.' This statement still holds good."

APPENDIX A1.

Specimen Page showing Marked Proof.

APPENDIX A3. =B 1517= Specimen Page Corrected. LOISY, Alfred. The gospel and the church. 1903 LOLIÉE, Frédéric. A short history of comparative literature. 1906 =H 2485= Lollards, The, of the Chiltern Hills. Summers, W. H. 1906 =B 1652= LOLLIS, Cesare de. Vita di Cristoforo Colombo. 1895 =I 5608= Lombard Street. Bagehot, W. 1892 =C 401= Lombock. With the Dutch in the East. Cool, W. 1897 =I 3978= LOMÉNIE, Louis de. Beaumarchais and his times. 4 v. 1856 =I 5563-66= LOMMEL, E. The nature of light. (_Int. scien. ser._) 1885 =E 108= LONDON, Jack. The call of the wild =K 2155= -- A daughter of the snows =K 5590= -- The people of the abyss. 1903 =C 1441= The lives of the poor in London. =London=:-- _History and Description._ Allbut, R. London rambles with Charles Dickens, n.d. =I 4157= Apperson, G. L. Bygone London life. 1903 =I 4732= Arundell, T. Historical reminiscences of the City and its livery companies. 1869 =I 1404= _See also the names of boroughs as_ Chelsea, Kensington, _of buildings as the_ Tower, Westminster Abbey, &c., _and of places as_ Charing Cross, Hyde Park, Ludgate Hill, &c.

"Dogberry" (_Ed._). Humours and oddities of the London police courts. 1894 =C 883= Wynter, A. Curiosities of civilization, n.d. =H 2172= LONG, A. L. Memoirs of [General] Robert E. Lee. 1886 =I 2259= Long exile, The. Tolstoï, Count =J 1875=

APPENDIX B.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

The following are some of the words most frequently used in connection with books and in cataloguing, with suitable abbreviations. All abbreviations must be used guardedly and with discretion, so that they cannot be confused with other words, and are self-explanatory with the context. For a full list see a useful book, "Author and Printer," by F. Howard Collins (Frowde).

About (_circa_) _c._ (with a date following) Account acct. Advertisements advts. Ancient anc. Anonym, Anonymous anon. Archbishop Archbp., Abp. Atlas atl. Ausgabe Ausg. Band (_German for volume_) Bd. Bibliography, Bibliographical bibliog. Biography, biographical biog. Bishop Bp. Book, Books bk., bks. Born b. Calf (_in binding_) cf. Cardinal Card. Century cent. Chapter, Chapters chap., chaps. Cloth cl. Colonel Col. Coloured col. Company co. Compiled, Compiler comp. Complete compl. Continued contd. County co. Crown (_in book sizes_) cr. Demy dy. Dictionary dict. Died d. Duodecimo 12º, 12mo., duo. East E. Economy econ. Edited, Editor, Edition ed. Editors, Editions eds. England, English Eng. Enlarged enl. Explanation, Explanatory explan. Facsimile facs. Folio fº Folios ff. Frontispiece frontis. _or_ front. Gilt edges g.e. Great Britain Gt. Brit. Half (_in binding_) hf. (_as_ hf. cf.) Handbook hdbk. Herausgegeben hrsg. _or_ herausg. Historical, History hist. Illustrator, Illustrated, illus. Illustrations Imperial (_in book sizes_) imp. Including, Inclusive incl. International internat. Introduction, Introductory intro. Large la. Large paper l.p. Leaves ll. Lectures lecs. Library lib. Literary, Literature lit. Manuscript MS. Manuscripts MSS. Modern mod. Morocco (_in binding_) mor. New edition n.e. _or_ new ed. New series n.s. _or_ new ser. New Testament N.T. No date n.d., N.D., _or_ s.a. (sine anno) No place (of publication) n.pl. No date or place s.a. et l. No title-page n.t.-p. North N. Number, Numbers no., nos. Oblong obl. Octavo 8º, 8vo, O. Old Testament O.T. Original orig. Out of print o.p. Pages pp. Pamphlet, Pamphlets pamph. _or_ phlt., phlts. Parliamentary parly. (_as_ parly. paper) Part, Parts pt., pts. Plate, Plates pl., pls. Portrait, Portraits port., ports. Preface, prefatory pref. Preliminary prelim. Printed, Printer pr. Privately printed priv. pr. Proceedings proc. Professor Prof. Pseudonym, Pseudonymous pseud. _or_ ps. Published pubd. Quarto 4º, 4to, Q. Re-edited re-ed. Reference ref. Reprint, Reprinted repr. Reproduction, Reproduced reprod. Reverend Rev. Revised rev. Royal (_in book sizes_) roy. Saint St. Sequel seq. Series ser. Sextodecimo 16º, 16mo. Small (_in book sizes_) sm. Society soc. (_names of Societies as_ Royal Soc.) South S. Super (_in book sizes_) sup. Supplement suppl. Thus (_sic_) _inserted to mark mistakes or peculiarities_. Title-page wanting t.-p.w. Traduit, Tradotto trad. Translator, Translated transl. _or_ tr. United Kingdom U.K. United States U.S.A. University Univ. Various dates v.d. Vocabulary vocab. Volume, Volumes v. _or_ vol. Von, Van v. With w. _as_ w. col. illus. (with coloured illustrations).

Places of publication (specimen abbreviations):--

Birmingham B'ham. Cambridge Camb. Dublin Dub. Edinburgh Edin. Glasgow Glasg. Liverpool L'pool. Manchester M'chester. New York N.Y. Oxford Oxf. Philadelphia Philad.

APPENDIX C.

A short list of pseudonyms with the real names, including women authors whose names are changed by marriage:--

PSEUDONYM. REAL NAME. A.L.O.E. Charlotte M. Tucker Acheta Domestica L. M. Budgen Ackworth, John F. R. Smith Adams, Mrs. Leith Mrs. R. S. de Courcy Laffan Adeler, Max Charles H. Clark Agnus, Orme John C. Higginbotham Aimard, Gustave Olivier Gloux Ainslie, Noel Edith Lister Alexander, Mrs. Annie F. Hector Alien Mrs. L. A. Baker Allen, F. M. Edmund Downey Amateur Angler, The Edward Marston Amyand, Arthur Andrew Haggard Andom, R. Alfred W. Barrett Angell, Norman R. Norman A. Lane Annunzio, Gabriele d' Gaetano Rapagnetto Anstey, F. Thos. Anstey Guthrie Argles, Mrs. Mrs. Hungerford Aubrey, Frank Francis H. Atkinson Audley, John Mrs. E. M. Davy Aunt Judy Mrs. Margaret Gatty Aunt Naomi Gertrude A. Landa Ayscough, John F. D. Bickerstaffe Drew B., A. K. H. A. K. H. Boyd B., E. V. Eleanor V. Boyle Barker, Lady Lady Broome Basil Richard Ashe King Bede, Cuthbert Edward Bradley Belgian Hare, The Lord Alfred Douglas Bell, Nancy Mrs. Arthur Bell Belloc, Marie A. Mrs. Belloc Lowndes Bentzon, Th. Thérèse Blanc Bickerdyke, John C. H. Cook Billings, Josh Henry W. Shaw Bird, Isabella L. Mrs. I. L. Bishop Birmingham, George A. James O. Hannay Blackburne, E. Owens Elizabeth Casey Boldrewood, Rolf Thos. A. Browne Bovet, M. A. de Marquise de Bois Hébert Bowen, Marjorie Gabrielle V. M. Campbell Brada Comtesse Puliga Braddon, M. E. Mrs. Maxwell Breitmann, Hans Charles G. Leland Brenda Mrs. Castle Smith Buckley, Arabella B. Mrs. Fisher Burnett, Frances Hodgson Mrs. H. Townesend Caballero, Fernan Cecilia Boehl de Faber Cambridge, Ada Mrs. G. F. Cross Carmen, Sylva Elisabeth, _Queen of Roumania_ Carroll, Lewis Charles L. Dodgson Cassidy, James Mrs. E. M. Story Cavendish Henry Jones Cellarius Thos. W. Fowle Champfleury Jules F. F. Husson-Fleury Chester, Norley Emily Underdown Christian, Sydney M. L. Lord Clare, Austin W. M. James Cleeve, Lucas Mrs. H. Kingscote Cobbleigh, Tom Walker Raymond Collingwood, Harry Wm. J. C. Lancaster Colmore, George Mrs. Baillie Weaver Connor, Marie Marie C. Leighton Connor, Ralph Charles W. Gordon Conrad, Joseph Joseph C. Korzeniowski Conway, Derwent Henry D. Inglis Conway, Hugh F. J. Fargus Conway, James Jas. Conway Walter Coo-ee Wm. S. Walker Coolidge, Susan Sarah C. Woolsey Cooper, Rev. Wm. M. James G. Bertram Corthis, André _Mdlle._ Husson Craddock, C. E. Mary N. Murfree Crawley, Captain G. F. Pardon Cromarty, Deas Mrs. R. A. Watson Coulevain, Pierre de _Mdlle._ F. de Coulevain Counties, Home J. W. K. Scott Dale, Darley Francesca M. Steele Dall, Guillaume Madame Jules Lebaudy Danby, Frank Julia Frankau D'Anvers, N. Mrs. Arthur Bell Dean, Mrs. Andrew Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick Dehan, Richard Clotilde Graves Donovan, Dick J. E. Preston Muddock Douglas, George Geo. D. Brown Douglas, O. Miss Buchan Douglas, Theo Mrs. H. D. Everett Dowie, Ménie M. Mrs. E. A. Fitzgerald Duncan, Sara J. Mrs. Everard Cotes Ecilaw, Ary Comtesse Czapska Egerton, George Mrs. R. Golding Bright Eha Edward H. Aitken Eliot, George Mary Anne Evans (afterwards Mrs. Cross) Elbon, Barbara Leonora B. Halsted Elizabeth, Charlotte Charlotte E. Tonna Ellis, Luke J. Page Hopps Fairless, Michael Margaret Fairless Barber Falconer, Lanoe Mary E. Hawker Fane, Violet Lady Philip Currie Farningham, Marianne Mary A. Hearne Ferval, Claude Baronne de Pierrebourg Field, Michael Misses Bradley and Cooper Fin Bec W. B. Jerrold Fleming, George Julia C. Fletcher Flynt, Josiah Frank Willard Foreman Pattern-Maker, A J. G. Horner Forester, George George Greenwood Fowler, Edith A. Mrs. R. Hamilton Fowler, Ellen Thornycroft Mrs. A. L. Felkin France, Anatole Anatole François Thibault Francis, M. E. Mrs. M. Blundell Francis, R. E. Frances Poynter Free Lance, A. F. H. Perrycoste Freer, Martha W. Mrs. M. W. Robinson Frost, George Mrs. S. Eddison G. G. -- Harper Garrett, Edward Isabella F. Mayo Gaunt, Mary Mrs. Lindsay Miller Gerard, Dorothea Mdme. Longard de Longgarde Gerard, Emily Mdme. de Laszowska Gerard, Morice J. Jessop Teague Gerrare, Wirt W. O. Greener Gift, Theo. Dorothy H. Boulger Grand, Sarah Mrs. M'Fall Gray, Maxwell M. G. Tuttiett Green, Anna K. Mrs. C. Rohlfs Grey, Rowland Lilian R. Brown Grier, Sydney C. Hilda Gregg Gréville, Henry Alice M. C. Durand Grove, Lilly Mrs. J. G. Frazer Gubbins, Nathaniel Edward Spencer Gyp Comtesse de Martel de Janville Haliburton, Hugh J. L. Robertson Hall, Eliza Calvert Lina C. Obenchain Hamel, Frank Miss F. Hamel Hamst, Olphar Ralph Thomas Hay, Ian J. A. Beith Hay, Marie Baroness von Hindenburg Hare, Christopher Mrs. Andrews Hayes, Henry Mrs. E. O. Kirk Heddle, Ethel F. Mrs. W. Marshall Hegan, Alice C. Mrs. A. C. Rice Henry, O. Sydney Porter Hertz-Garten, Theodor Mrs. de Mattos Hickson, Mrs. Murray Mrs. S. Kitcat Hieover, Harry Charles Bindley Hill, Headon F. Grainger Hilliers, Ashton H. M. Wallis Hobbes, John Oliver Mrs. Pearl M. T. Craigie Hoffmann, Professor A. J. Lewis Holcombe, Arnold Arnold Golsworthy Holdsworth, Annie Mrs. E. Lee Hamilton Holland, Clive C. J. Hankinson Hope, Andrée Mrs. Harvey Hope, Anthony Anthony H. Hawkins Hope, Ascott R. Robt. H. Moncreiff Hope, Graham Jessie Hope Hope, Laurence Violet Nicholson Hopper, Nora Mrs. Chesson Houville, Gérard d' Mde. H. de Regnier Howard, Keble Keble Bell Hume, Martin A. S. Martin A. Sharp Ingoldsby, Thomas Richard H. Barham Intelligence Officer Lionel James Iota Kathleen Caffyn Iron, Ralph Mrs. O. Cronwright-Schreiner Ironside, John E. M. Tait Jacberns, Raymond Georgina M. I. Ash Jacomb, A. E. A. E. Jacomb Hood James, Croake James Paterson Janus Johann J. I. von Döllinger Joubert, Carl Adolphus W. C. Grottey K., O. Mdme. Olga Novikoff (née Kireff) Keith, Leslie Mrs. G. L. Keith Johnston King, K. Douglas Mrs. Godfrey Burr Kipling, Alice Mrs. Fleming L., L. E. Letitia E. MacLean (née Landon) La Pasture, Mrs. H. de Lady Hugh Clifford Laffan, May Mrs. W. N. Hartley Larwood, Jacob L. R. Sadler Laurence, A. St. Alfred L. Felkin Law, John Miss M. E. Harkness Layland, F. Mrs. Francis Barratt Leander, Richard R. Volkmann Lee, Holme Harriet Parr Lee, Vernon Violet Paget Legrand, Martin James Rice Lennox Lennox Pierson Lenotre, G. Théodore Gosselin Lesueur, Daniel Jeanne Loiseau Lévi, Eliphas Alphonse L. Constant Lindsay, Harry H. Lindsay Hudson London, John o' Wilfred Whitten Loti, Pierre Louis M. J. Viaud Lucka, Sydney Henry Harland Lyall, Edna Ada E. Bayly Lys, Christian Percy J. Brebner Maartens, Maarten J. M. W. van der Poorten Schwartz McAulay, Allan Charlotte Stewart Maclaren, Ian John M. Watson Macleod, Fiona William Sharp Main, Mrs. Mrs. Aubrey Le Blond Malet, Lucas Mrs. M. St. L. Harrison (née Kingsley) Mansergh, Jessie Mrs. G. de H. Vaizey Marchant, Bessie Mrs. J. A. Comfort Markham, Mrs. Mrs. Eliz. Penrose Marlitt, E. Henriette F. C. E. John Marlowe, Charles Harriet Jay Marryat, Florence Mrs. F. Lean Marvell, Ik. Donald G. Mitchell Mathers, Helen Mrs. H. Reeve Meade, L. T. Mrs. Toulmin Smith Melville, Lewis Lewis S. Benjamin Meredith, Isabel Olivia F. M. Rossetti Meredith, Owen Earl Lytton Merriman, Henry Seton H. S. Scott Miles, Amber Mrs. Cobden Sickert Miles, Walker E. S. Taylor Miller, Joaquin C. H. Miller Mimosa Mrs. M. Chan Toon Montbard, G. Charles A. Loyes Montgomery, K. L. Kathleen and Letitia Montgomery Morris, May Mrs. Sparling Mulholland, Rosa Lady Gilbert Nesbit, E. Edith Bland (Mrs. Hubert Bland) Nimrod C. J. Apperley Nordau, Max M. S. Südfeld North, Christopher Prof. John Wilson North, Laurence J. D. Symon North, Pleydell Mrs. Egerton Eastwick Novalis Friedrich von Hardenburg Nye, Bill E. W. Nye Old Boomerang J. R. Houlding Oldcastle, John Wilfred Meynell Oliver, Pen Sir Henry Thompson Optic, Oliver Wm. T. Adams Orczy, Baroness Mrs. Montagu Barstow O'Rell, Max Paul Blouët Otis, James J. O. Kaler Ouida Louise de la Ramée Owen, J. A. Mrs. Owen Visger Oxenham, John W. A. Dunkerley Page, H. A. Alex H. Japp Palmer, Wm. Scott Mrs. M. E. Dowson Pansy Isabella M. Alden Parallax Samuel B. Robotham Parley, Peter Wm. Martin Paston, George Miss E. M. Symonds Pattison, Mrs. Mark Lady E. F. S. Dilke Paull, M. A. Mrs. John Ripley Percy, Sholto and Reuben Joseph C. Robertson and Thomas Byerley Phelps, Eliz. S. Mrs. H. D. Ward Pilgrim Mrs. W. P. Browne Plain Woman, A. Miss Ingham Prescott, E. Livingston Edith K. Spicer-Jay Prevost, Francis H. F. P. Battersby Pritchard, Martin J. Justina Moore Prout, Father F. Mahony Q. Sir A. T. Quiller Couch Raimond, C. E. Elisabeth Robins Raine, Allen Mrs. P. Puddicombe Rapier A. E. T. Watson Rayner, Olive Pratt Grant Allen Reed, Myrtle Mrs. McCullough Rhoscomyl, Owen Owen Vaughan Ridley, Mrs. Edward Lady Alice Ridley Rita Mrs. W. Desmond Humphreys Rives, Amélie Princess Troubetzky Robert ("A City Waiter") John T. Bedford Robins, G. M. Mrs. L. Baillie Reynolds Robinson, A. Mary F. Mde. A. M. F. Darmesteter Rogers, Halliday Miss Reid Rosny, J. H. Les frères Boex Ross, Adrian Arthur R. Ropes Ross, Martin Violet Martin Roy, Gordon Helen Wallace Rutherford, Mark W. Hale White Ruthven, E. C. Miss Coleman Ryce, John Alice M. Browne St. Aubyn, Alan Frances Marshall Saint-Patrice James H. Hickey Saintine, X. B. de Joseph N. Boniface Saki H. H. Munro Sand, George A. L. Dudevant Scalpel, Æsculapius Edward Berdoe Scott, Leader Lucy E. Baxter Seafield, Frank Alex. H. Grant Sedgwick, Anne D. Mrs. B. de Sélincourt Séguin, L. G. L. G. Strahan Serao, Matilde Mde. E. Scarfoglio Setoun, Gabriel Thos. N. Hepburn Sharp, Luke Robert Barr Shaw, Flora L. Lady Lugard Shirley Sir John Skelton Sigerson, Dora Mrs. Clement Shorter Sinjohn, John John Galsworthy Sketchley, Arthur Geo. Rose Slick, Sam T. C. Haliburton Son of the Marshes, A Denham Jordan Son of the Soil, A J. S. Fletcher Spinner, Alice Mrs. A. Z. Fraser Stendhal, M. de Marie Henri Beyle Stepniak, S. S. M. Kravchinsky Stonehenge John H. Walsh Strathesk, John John Tod Stretton, Hesba Hannah Smith Stuart, Esmé Miss Leroy Swan, Annie S. Mrs. Burnett Smith Swift, Benjamin Wm. R. Paterson Tallentyre, S. G. Beatrice Hall Tasma Madame J. Couvreur Thackeray, Anne I. Lady A. I. Ritchie Thanet, Octave Alice French Thirlmere, Rowland John Walker Thomas, Annie Mrs. Pender Cudlip Thorne, Guy C. Ranger Gull Thorne, Whyte Richard Whiteing Tomson, Graham R. Rosamund M. Watson Travers, Graham Margt. G. Todd Turner, Ethel Mrs. H. R. Curlewis Turner, Lilian Mrs. F. L. Thompson Twain, Mark Samuel L. Clemens Tynan, Katharine Mrs. H. A. Hinkson Tytler, Sarah Henrietta Keddie Uncle Remus Joel C. Harris Vados Agnes Farley Vernon, K. Dorothea K. D. Ewart Vivaria, Kassandra Mrs. M. Heinemann Wakeman, Annie Mrs. Annie Lathrop Walker, Patricius Wm. Allingham Wallis, A. S. C. Miss Opzoomer Wanderer E. H. d'Avigdor Warborough, Martin L. Grant Allen Ward, Artemus Chas. F. Browne Warden, Florence Mrs. Florence James Wardle, Jane Oliver M. Hueffer Waters Wm. Russell Weale, B. L. Putnam Bertram L. Simpson Webb, Mrs. Mrs. Webb Peploe Wells, Charles J. H. L. Howard Wentworth, Patricia Mrs. G. F. Dillon Werner, E. Elisabeth Bürstenbinder Weston, James Edward Step Wetherell, Eliz. Susan Warner Wharton, Grace and Philip John C. and Katharine Thomson Whitby, Beatrice Mrs. Philip Hicks Wiggin, Kate D. Mrs. J. C. Rigg Wilcox, E. G. Mrs. Egerton Allen Wilkins, Louisa Louisa Jebb Wilkins, Mary E. Mrs. M. E. Freeman Williams, F. Harold F. W. O. Warde Winchester, M. E. M. E. Whatham Winter, John Strange Mrs. H. E. V. Stannard Woodroffe, Daniel Mrs. J. C. Woods Worboise, Emma J. Mrs. E. Guyton York, Curtis Mrs. S. Richmond Lee Z. Z. Louis Zangwill Zack. Gwendoline Keats

INDEX.

Abbreviations, 68, 82, 84, 87; list of, 239-241

Academical degrees, 49, 63

Academies, 97

Acts of Parliament, 103

Additions to entries not on title-pages, 53

Alignment of title-pages marking, 132

Alphabetical order. _See_ Order of arrangement.

Alphabetico-classed catalogues, 13; questions answered by, 22; its defects, 27; defined, 31

America, Library cataloguing in, 8

American Library Association Rules, 14

Annotated editions, 193

Annotations, qualifications of authors, 49; explanatory of foreign book titles, 85; to works of fiction, 204; to mark sequels, 207; in quarterly, &c., guides, 209; advantage of classified catalogue for, 209; dictionary catalogues, 209; general considerations, 209-211; examples, 211-212; bibliographical, 213

Annuals, 197

Anonymous books, 175; to discover author's name, 175; method of entry, 176; if author revealed, 177; heading of "Anon," 178; "By the author of --", 179; initials, 180-184

Arabic figures, 40

Articles, The, in titles of books, 65, 123, 124; omission of, in title-entries, 123, 173, 178; in French title-entries, 126

Artists considered jointly with authors, 80; names, 146

Associations, 107

Author catalogues, Questions answered by, 22; defined, 29

Author-entry, 33; turning about of authors' names, 49, 50; authors with similar names, 63; books _by_ and _on_, 74, 75, 120; authors of anonymous books, 177, 178. _See also_ Names, Personal. Joint-authors.

Barrett, Mr. F. T., 27

Bengali names, 154

Bible, The, 185-187; commentaries, 187-191; classified catalogue, 191

Bibliographical details, 39

Biographical dictionaries, 37-38

Biographical works in the classified catalogue, 121

Birmingham Public Library, 12

Bishops, 62

Bishopsgate Institute catalogues, 209

"Book," Meaning of, 41

Books with changed titles, 208

Boston Athenæum Library catalogue, 14

Boston Public Library, 10

Brackets, Use of, 53, 177, 182

British Museum catalogue, 3; British Museum rules, 7; Royal Commission of 1850, 7; Catalogue of Printed Books, 17; Fortescue's Subject-index, 27-29; order of information in entries tabulated, 42; rule for social titles, 64; method of cataloguing publications of societies, 97; and Oriental names, 153

Brown, Mr. James D., on classifications, 17

"By the author of --," 179-180

Canonized persons, 140-141

Capital letters, Use of, 64-66, 120; for emphasis in titles, 170

Card catalogues, 33

Carlyle, Thomas, on catalogues, 4

Cataloguer, The qualifications of a, 3

Catalogues, Kinds of, 3; the need for, 4; value of, not according to size, 4; of new libraries, 5; necessity for good catalogues, 5; cannot be haphazard, 6; the needs of those for whom prepared, 19; form to be fixed, 19; difficulty of changing, 19; to suit the public catered for, 20; information catalogues should give, 21; dictionary _v._ classified, 23; various forms defined, 29-31; details in catalogue entries, 39; order of details tabulated, 41-43; condensed entries, 43; omissions in sub-entries, 44; cost of printing, 219. _See also_ Alphabetico-classed. Classified. Dictionary.

Cataloguing, Mistaken ideas about, 1; Prof. Fiske on, 2; difficulties of, 2; over-cataloguing, 5; history of modern, 7 _et seq._; troublesome and expensive, 25; stationery required, 32

Cataloguing rules, 6; the study of, 32; need for, 6, 9, 32; Panizzi's British Museum rules, 8-9; Jewett's rules, 10; Crestadoro's plan, 10; index-form, 11; Cutter's rules, 14; Joint-code of L.A. and A.L.A., 14; Dziatzko's _Instruction_, 15; Linderfelt's Eclectic rules, 15; some simple, direct rules, 214-216

Changed names, 37, 111, 112

Chelsea Public Library, 157

Chinese names, 157

Christian or forenames, 35, 36; confusion arising from same initials, 46; to be kept in the vernacular, 76; persons entered by, 132-147; of monarchs, 135; of women authors, 173; contractions, 194

Civil distinctions, 64

Class lists defined, 30

Classical authors, 128-130

Classics, Title-entries for, 200

Classification, Dewey's Decimal, 16; Brown's Adjustable, 17; Cutter's Expansive, 17

Classified catalogues, Dewey classification and, 16; questions answered by, 22; Cutter on its advantages, 23; and disadvantages, 24; its cost, 25; indexes to, 25; early catalogues, 25; and "open access," 25; defined, 30; marking the entry, 45; curtailed entry, 46; index entries, 46 _et seq._; "contents" in index entries, 72; society publications, 100; biographies, 121; works of fiction, 125; monarchs, 133, 136; popes, 137; annotations in, 209

Collations, 39, 40; explanations of, 50, 118; omitted as an economy, 123

Collected works, Cataloguing of, 76

Collier, J. Payne, 8

Colophon, 39

"Colour" books, 80

Commentaries, 193

Compilers, 194

Composers, Music, 89

Composite books, 58, 62

Compound personal names, 110-117, 127

Compound place-names, 105

Concordances, 194

Condensation of entries, 44, 45, 123, 158

Congresses and conferences, 108

Contents of miscellaneous works, Setting-out of, 72, 75; of music, 92

Co-operative cataloguing, 9

Corporate publications, 71

Correspondence, Writers in, 53

Cost of catalogues, 25, 219

County antiquarian societies, 98

Courtesy titles, 149

Crestadoro, A., 10

Cutter, C. A., Rules for a dictionary catalogue, 14; order of information in entries, 42; on the advantages and disadvantages of the classified catalogue, 23-24; and of the dictionary catalogue, 25-27

Dashes, Repetition, 170

Dates of author's birth and death, 36; dates of reigns, 136

Dates of publication, 39, 40, 44; added, 68; to music, 94; to works of fiction, 123

"De," "de la," "du" in British names, 122; in French names, 125-127

Definitions of styles of catalogues, 29

Dewey's, Mr. M., Decimal classification, 16; applied, 45 _et seq._

Dictionary catalogue, Early forms, 11-13; questions it will answer, 22; advantages and disadvantages, 25-27; systematic, 29; defined, 30; annotations, 209

Directories, 197-198

Distinctions, Social, 64

Double entry for subjects, 151

Doubleday, Mr. W. E., 27, 209

Dramatic works, 214

Dziatzko, Prof., 15

Ecclesiastical titles, 62, 64

Economies in entries, 53, 59, 75, 77, 81, 123, 139

Editions, Collections of, 77

Editors' references, 54, 193; essays under editor's name, 67

Edwards, Edward, 8

"Entry-reference," 107

Essays, Volumes of, by various authors, 66 _et seq._; by one author, 78; form-entry, 214

Exhibitions, Publications of, 107

Family names of noblemen, 148-150

Fiction, Works of, Title-entries, 115; in the classified catalogue, 117, 125; in the dictionary catalogue, 115, 125; dates of publication, 123; fact in, 203; in guise of serious literature, 203; subject-entries for, 204-206; cataloguing of, 206; in series, 206-208; with familiar titles, 208

Figures (numerals) in dates, 40; in titles of books, 56, 87; in titles of monarchs, 135

First-name entries, 132-147

First-word entry for anonymous books, 176, 177

Fiske, Prof. John, on cataloguing, 1

Foreign names, varieties of, 110

Foreign terms for subject-headings, 203

Form headings, 74, 213; fiction, 115

Fortescue's, G. K., _Subject Index to the British Museum Catalogue_, 27-29

French fiction in series, 206

French names, compound, 114, 127; with prefixes, 125

Friars, 141

Garden books, 183

Geographical headings, 105

Goss, Mr. C. W. F., 209

Government publications, 101-107

Greek and Latin authors, 128-130

Handwriting, 33

"Heading," 44. _See also_ Subject-headings.

Hebrew names, 159

History in fiction, 203

Honours lists, 64

Hyphens in compound names, 112

Illustrated books, 80

Illustrations (in collations), 39, 118

Impartiality, 209-210

Imprint, 39

Index-entry catalogues, 11, 35

Index entries to classified catalogue, 46 _et seq._

Indexing contents of miscellaneous volumes, 71-79; of music, 92-93; co-operative indexes, 95

Indian names, 153

Initials of authors' names, Confusion arising from, demonstrated, 46; covering name of author (anonymous books), 180-185; covering titles or degrees, 183; covering a pseudonym, 184

Institutions, Publications of, 107

Japanese names, 156, 159

Jewett, Prof. Charles C., 9

Jewish rabbis, 159

Joint-authors, Method of treatment, 48 _et seq._; writers in correspondence, 53; husband and wife, 55, 172; three and more, 58; authors and illustrators, 80

Joint-code (L.A. and A.L.A.), 15; order of information tabulated, 42; and noblemen, 148; and pseudonyms, 161

Jones, John Winter, 8

Koran, The, 192

Legal publications, 103

Library Association rules, 14; and A.L.A. rules (Joint-code), 15; order of information in entries, 42; and noblemen, 148; and pseudonyms, 161

Library useless without good catalogue, 4

Libretti, Writers of, 90

Linderfelt's _Eclectic Card Catalog Rules_, 15; and Oriental titles, 156

Linotype, Printing by, 219, 234

Liverpool Public Library, 12

Local Government publications, 105

London as place of publication, 39

London Library catalogues, 18; contractions, 51; names of queens, 136; Oriental names, 155; women's names, 174; for anonymous books, 175

Magazines, 195

Main entry. _See_ Principal entry.

Manchester Public Libraries, 11, 120

Maori names, 160

Married women. _See_ Women.

Mediæval writers, 142, 147

Military, &c., distinctions, 64

Minto, Mr. John, 15

Monarchs, 132

Monotype, Printing by, 219, 234, 235

Mottoes of title-pages, 38

Mullins, J. D., 12

Music, Translation of title-pages, 88; the cataloguing of, 89-94

Names, Personal, Surnames, 34; full names, 35, 36, 119; initials, 35; varieties used by a single writer, 36; works of reference for full names, 37; in sub-entries, 44, 45; confusion owing to use of initials alone, 46; to be kept in the vernacular, 76, 111; English compound names, 110-114; foreign compound names, 114-116, 127; changed names, 37, 111, 112; names with prefixes, 117-128; monarchs and princes, 132-136; popes, 137; saints, 140; friars, 141; mediæval writers, 142, 147; artists, 146; noblemen, 148; Orientals, 153; pseudonyms, 161; married women, 171; husband and wife, 172. _See also_ Christian names.

Newspapers, 195

Noblemen, 148-151

Notes, Descriptive, in catalogues. _See_ Annotations.

Novels. _See_ Fiction.

Numbers, Transcription of, 40, 56, 87, 135

Official publications, 101 _et seq._

Omissions indicated, 38

"Open access" system, 17; classified catalogues and, 25

Order of arrangement of entries, official publications, 104; works in original and translations, 117; names with prefixes, 118, 119, 122; books _by_ and _on_, 74, 120; the articles in, 124; of monarchs, 135; apostles, saints, &c., 146; joint-authors, 172; initials for authors' names, 182, 184; Bible, 185-186; fiction in series, 206-207

Order of information in entries tabulated, 41-43

Oriental names, 16, 153-159

Pages, Number of, &c. ("collation"), 39, 40

Panizzi, Sir Anthony, 8

Parentheses, Names in, 34

Parliament, Acts of, 103

Parsee names, 154

Peerage, 63, 64

Periodicals, 195; indexes to, 95

Places of publication, 39, 40; abbreviations, 51

Places with compound names, 105

Poetical works, 74, 214

Popes, 137

Popular terms for subject-headings, 202

Potentates, 132

Prefaces, Writers of, 116

Prefixes, Names with, 117-128

Principal entry, 33 _et seq._

Printer's name (imprint), 39

Printing of catalogues: preparation of the manuscript, 217; marking for type, 218; "get-up" and cost, 25, 218-20; illustrative examples of styles of type, 220-227; table of types, 223; tenders, 228; specification, 229-232; reading of proofs, 233-234; type "kept standing," 234; markings in proof correcting illustrated, 236-238

Professorships, 49

Pseudonyms _v._ real names, 161; method of distinguishing pseudonyms, 162; references, 163; both names, 163-165; obvious pseudonyms, 165; phrase-pseudonyms, 165; covered by initials, 184; list of pseudonyms with real names, 242-249

Publisher's name (imprint), 39, 40

Publisher's series, 139, 193

Publishing societies, 98-100

Punctuation, 70-71, 145

Punctuation of title-pages, 48

Qualifications of authors (annotations), 211

Queens, 136

Questions catalogues should answer tabulated, 21

Quotations on title-pages, 38

References, Joint-authors, 49, 59, 81; cross-references for synonymous terms, 52, 67, 202; editors, 54, 129; omissions of, 59; _See_ and _See also_ references, 61; use of subject references demonstrated, 56, 60, 61, 67, 73, 77, 86, 87, 102, 103, 107, 109, 134, 138, 146, 149, 152, 172, 173, 190, 192; translators and illustrators, 83, 90; writers of libretti, 90; compound names, 112; married names, 174

Repetition dashes, 170

"Rev." in titles, 64

Reviewing of books by newspapers, &c., 6; in annotations, 210

Roman numerals, 40; in titles of monarchs, 135

Royal personages, 132

Sacred books, 191-192

"Saint" in names, 118, 119

Saints, 140

Sermons, 214

Sequels in fiction, 206

Series, Entry of, 138-139, 193; fiction, 206

"Sheaf-catalogues," 33

Sizes of books, 41, 105

Size of catalogues (extent), 4; in printing, 227

Smithsonian Institution, 8

Society publications, 71; "indexing" contents, 95; indexes, 95; methods of cataloguing, 95 _et seq._; in the classified catalogue, 100; periodicals, 196

Specific entry, 61, 68, 152, 168, 200

Statutes, 103

Stereotyping catalogues, 9

Subject-catalogue defined, 30

Subject-entry, 43; subjects not named on title-pages, 43; subject-title-entry, 44; subject-heading, 44; author's surname in, 45; not specific, 112; not required for classical authors, 130; question of double entry, 151; for periodicals, 197; definite subject to be ascertained, 200; for fiction, 204; simple rules for, 214-216. _See also_ Specific entry.

Subject headings, sub-division of, 57, 66, 74, 109, 152, 183, 217; concentration of subjects, 109, 201; terms to be fixed, 202; popular terms, 202; foreign terms, 127, 203; references, 56; demonstrated, 60, 66, 79, 112, 113, 151 _et seq. See also_ Specific entry. Synonymous headings.

Surnames. _See_ Names, Personal.

Sutton, Mr. C. W., 120

Sweden, Royal Library, 157

Synonymous headings, 52, 67, 202. _See also_ References.

Technical journals, 196-197

Title-as-subject entry, 44, 124

Title-catalogue defined, 29

Title-entries for works of fiction, 115; title-entry demonstrated, 119; 123 _et seq._; music, 91; where required, 200; superfluous, 57, 69, 121, 125, 182, 199

Title-page, Entry to be taken from the, 33; and without alteration, 129; treatment of title-pages demonstrated, 34, 48; alignment of, marked, 132

Titles of books, Turning about of, 119, 123; not to be altered, 129; condensed, 158; misleading, 200; of popular novels, 208; changed titles, 208

Titles of rank, 63; of noblemen, 148-151

Translations of title-pages, 85, 88

Translations, Order of arrangement of, 117

Translators, 83

Translators, Voluntary, 156

Type-setting machines, 34, 234, 235

Types in printed catalogues, Examples of, 220-227; table of types, 223

Uniformity in cataloguing, Prof. Jewett on, 9

"Van" and "von," 128

Volume, Works in more than one, 40, 41

Volumes of works in progress, 104

Watts, Thomas, 8

Wheatley's, H. B., _How to catalogue a library_, 18; on adapting catalogues to the comprehension of the fool, 20

Winsor, Prof. Justin, 27

Women, Married, as joint-authors, 55-57, 171, 172; known by name of husband, 173; changed names, 174-175

Works in progress, 104

Transcriber's Notes:

Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.

Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.

Enclosed italics markup in _underscores_.

Enclosed bold markup in =equals=.

Enclosed script markup in ~tildes~.

Enclosed insert/underline markup in +plus signs+.

Enclosed overline markup in ¬not signs¬.

Enclosed delete markup in |broken bars|.