CHAPTER IX.

Compound Names. Names with Prefixes. Greek and Roman Names.

=Rendering of the Names of Foreign Authors. Compound= =Names. Changed Names. Foreign Compound Names.= =Names with Prefixes. Short Entries. Title-Entries.= =Foreign Names with Prefixes. Greek and Latin= =Authors.=

We shall not have proceeded very far with the work of cataloguing before problems in connection with the varying forms of personal names will arise. Translations of works by foreign authors will, at times, have varieties of renderings of their names, making it necessary to hunt out and decide which is the vernacular form or transcription of the name, and, therefore, the right one to adopt. An instance of a troublesome name of the kind is that of the Russian novelist, rendered upon title-pages as Turgenev, Turgénieff, Tourguéneff, Turgueniev, and Tourgénief.

Another source of worry is that of compound names, or their equivalent hyphenated-surnames, that is to say, names compounded without the authority of a deed-poll, or even without obligations as beneficiaries under a will. It is a growing affectation, to which many persons are partial, especially if their surnames happen to be among those most common. A person is born, say, Smith, and having the maternal surname as a second Christian name, he compounds with it, and Thomas Jackson Smith in time becomes T. Jackson-Smith. Generally speaking, the simplest and most convenient plan is to enter all such names, if English, under the last name. When authors have undoubtedly changed or added to their names, and have written under both forms, this may be a good reason for entering under the first part of a double name, though the necessity for it can be obviated by the ever-useful reference.

Whatever method of entry may be adopted, the latest form of the name must be given, particularly in the case of those who have written under both forms. The Dean of Gloucester, for example, who has written some historical works under his name of H. D. M. Spence, has now published a guide to Gloucester Cathedral, under the name of H. D. M. Spence-Jones. If the entries are retained under the first form of name, the "Jones" must be added to all entries--subject as well as author; if the new name is taken, it should be dealt with after the manner shown in the next paragraph.

To enter under the last name will not be strictly in accordance with the orthodox rules, but it will prove by far the most convenient method for all concerned. Accordingly the undermentioned books are so entered, and not under the double names of Eardley Wilmot, Betham Edwards, and Collison Morley, although these writers may at times be spoken of by their double names.

WILMOT, Sir S. Eardley. Forest life and sport in India, pp. viii., 324, illus. 1910 EDWARDS, Matilda Betham. Unfrequented France by river, and mead, and town. pp. x., 204, illus. 1910 MORLEY, L. Collison-. Modern Italian literature. pp. viii., 356. 1911

The hyphen may be put in, as shown in the last entry, but this is not essential, at any rate in short-entry catalogues. Full catalogues give the references

EARDLEY-WILMOT, Sir S. _See_ Wilmot. BETHAM-EDWARDS, Matilda. _See_ Edwards. COLLISON-MORLEY, L. _See_ Morley.

The cataloguer sometimes comes across a name which he may remember as a decidedly changed name from his point of view, when there is no alternative but to adopt the newer form. A writer, for example, who at one time was known as F. H. Perry Coste, has now become Perrycoste, and, unless the cataloguer's memory serves him well, this author's books will be entered under Coste and Perrycoste.

The subject-entries of the foregoing books are as follows:--

=India=: _Travel and Description._ Wilmot, Sir S. E. Forest life and sport in India. 1910

As this book is for the most part concerned with state forestry in India, it is likely to be serviceable in connection with forestry as a subject, though not specifically upon it, the meaning of the rules may be liberally interpreted to include the entry

=Forestry=: Wilmot, Sir S. E. Forest life, &c., in India. 1910.

At the time of publication the author was a C.I.E., but later, becoming a K.C.I.E., the "Sir" is added to his name.

=France=: _Travel and Description._ Edwards, M. B. Unfrequented France. 1910

=Italian Literature=: Morley, C. L. Modern Italian literature. 1911

The last book, not being upon literature in the universal sense or in the abstract, is entered under its definite subject of Italian literature as shown. Here the serviceable covering reference again removes all possible doubt.

=Literature.= _See also the names of national literatures as_ English, Italian, Spanish.

To enter compound names under the last name, as recommended, does not by any means imply that the first part of the hyphenated name should be reduced to initials in the _principal entry_ of even a short-form catalogue, and, therefore, the briefest style for these names is Wilmot, Sir S. Eardley; Edwards, M. Betham; Morley, L. Collison.

If the codes of rules which stipulate for entry under the first part of a compound name are followed, the names are given after this fashion, to take one of the above books in illustration,

BETHAM-EDWARDS, Matilda. Unfrequented France by river, and mead, and town. pp. x., 204, illus. 1910

=France=: Betham-Edwards, M. Unfrequented France. 1910

The reverse form of reference then becomes necessary, as

EDWARDS, Matilda Betham. _See_ Betham-Edwards.

The Dewey numbers for the classified catalogue of these three books are respectively 915.4 (Geography and Travels--India), 914.4 (Geography and Travels--France), and 850.9 (Literature--Italian Literature--History). The index entries are

Wilmot, Sir S. E. Forest life in India, 915.4 India (Travels) 915-4 Edwards, M. B. Unfrequented France, 914.4 France (Travels) 914.4 Italian Literature (History), 850.9 Morley, L. C. Mod. Italian literature, 850.9

Compound names are a greater source of worry where foreign authors are concerned, and, irrespective of the rules, it is an excellent plan to use a _native_ biographical dictionary to ensure correctness of entry. A rule of a general character may be laid down to the effect that foreign names are subject to the opposite method of treatment to that for English names, and the first part of the name is taken. It is said, though the statement is not vouched for, that in France, and, no doubt, elsewhere, such names are obtained in an odd way. A person say of the name of Saluste lives in a small town and on the left bank of the river running through it. In order that he may not be confused with another person of the same name living in another part, he is spoken of as Saluste of the Left Bank, and in course of time this distinguishing name is absorbed by his family, its patronymic eventually becoming Saluste de la Rive Gauche.

However this may be, the following represent the correct forms for such names:--

BARBEY D'AUREVILLY, Jules. Ce qui ne meurt pas. 2 v. _Paris_, n.d. LEROY-BEAULIEU, Pierre. La rénovation de l'Asie: Sibérie, Chine, Japon. pp. xx., 482. _Paris_, 1900 CANTACUZÈNE-ALTIERI, Princesse Olga. Responsable. 2me éd. pp. 349. _Paris_, 1897

Foreign names of this kind rarely require references from the latter or other part of the name, but they may be given in very doubtful cases.

The first and third of these books being works of fiction, require no subject-entries. Works of this class receive instead an entry under the first word of the title, other than an article (a "title-entry"), because people often remember and ask for such works by their titles without knowing the author's names. These will be

Ce qui ne meurt pas. Barbey d'Aurevilly, J. 2 v. n.d. Responsable. Cantacuzène-Altieri, Princesse. 1897

While it is altogether against the principle of the dictionary catalogue to gather novels together under a heading "Fiction" or "Novels" in any part of it, yet there can be no objection to furnishing a guide to the authors of fiction in a particular foreign language contained in the catalogue after this style

French Fiction. _See the names of the following authors_: Barbey d'Aurevilly, Cantacuzène-Altieri.

The second of the above books needs not only a subject-entry under Asia, but also one under the names of the three countries dealt with in it, as

=Asia, Eastern=: Leroy-Beaulieu, P. La rénovation de l'Asie. 1900

=Siberia=: Leroy-Beaulieu, P. La rénovation de l'Asie. 1900

with similar entries under "China" and "Japan," and references, binding the whole together, in this way

East, The Far. _See_ Asia, Eastern.

=Asia, Eastern.= _See also_ China. Japan. Siberia.

It is hardly necessary to say that the translation of works by a foreign author in no way alters the form of name. Because M. Leroy-Beaulieu's name is attached to a book in English, it does not bring him under the rules for English compound names, any more than it makes an Englishman of him. This last book in translation, therefore, appears as

LEROY-BEAULIEU, Pierre. The awakening of the East: Siberia, Japan, China; transl. by Richard Davey, with a preface by [Sir] Henry Norman. pp. xxviii., 299. 1900

The fullest form of catalogue will have references under the translator and the writer of the preface, thus

DAVEY, Richard (_Transl._) _See_ Leroy-Beaulieu, Pierre. NORMAN, Sir Henry. _See also_ Leroy-Beaulieu, Pierre.

The average catalogue will not only dispense with these references, but may make them impossible by omitting to mention the names in the main-entry.

It may be said in passing that it is customary to give works in the original precedence over translations in the order of arrangement and altogether irrespective of the alphabetical order of the titles. The subject-entries for this work, being the same as before, need not be repeated except to give both books under one of them to show this order

=Asia, Eastern=: Leroy-Beaulieu, P. La rénovation de l'Asie. 1900 -- The awakening of the East. 1900

The classified catalogue entry for the book will be marked 950 (History--Asia), although each of the countries named has a separate number. The novels will fall into 843.89 (Literature--French Fiction--Later 19th Century). Though this sub-division may be of service on the shelves, it is more convenient in the catalogue to arrange French fiction, or any other fiction, under a general number (in this case 843), and place the entries in one alphabetical sequence by authors' names without regard to their period. As a rule, however, both on the shelves and in the catalogues fiction receives special treatment.

Names with prefixes are also troublesome, and call for variation in treatment according to nationality. In all British names the entry is made under the prefix and not under the name following. Accordingly the Fitzes, the Macs, the Aps, and the O's attached to names are regarded as being embodied in them, as FitzHerbert, McColl, Ap John, O'Brien, and all with similar prefixes are brought together. This statement also applies to those surnames preceded by "St." The following are examples of all these:--

FITZ-GERALD, S. J. Adair. Stories of famous songs. pp. xviii., 426. 1898

The style in which the author prints his name in the book should be adhered to by the cataloguer, though whether printed as Fitz-Gerald, Fitz Gerald, or Fitzgerald, all are regarded as alike, and arranged together for alphabetical position in the catalogue.

MCCABE, Joseph. The Iron Cardinal: the romance of Richelieu. pp. xii., 389, ports. 1909

Here also the alphabetical order remains the same whether the prefix is spelled Mac, Mc, or M', this name being arranged as if Maccabe. As the illustrations to the book consist exclusively of portraits, this is stated by "ports." instead of "illus." given with the collation. If the illustrations consist of portraits, pictures, and maps, they are separately named, as shown in the "St. John" entry below.

AP JOHN, Lewis. William Ewart Gladstone: his life and times. pp. 329, port. 1887

The preliminary pages in this book are marked i. to xvi., and the succeeding pages 17 to 329, and these are given as above instead of as pp. xvi., 313.

O'GRADY, Standish. The story of Ireland. pp. viii., 214. 1894 ST. JOHN, Charles. Short sketches of the wild sports and natural history of the Highlands. New ed., with ... memoir by M. G. Watkins. pp. xxiv., 319, port., illus., map. 1893

The author's name in this entry is according to the title-page, but a full catalogue will either give it in full--Charles William George St. John--or with initials, as Charles W. G. St. John.

In the sorting of this and similar entries for alphabetical order, the procedure of taking the prefix as part of, and one with, the name following does not apply. The others were regarded as Fitzg, Macc, Apj, and Obr respectively, but in this case the "St.," besides being taken as "Saint" in full, stands isolated from the rest of the name, when it falls into place among all names with a similar prefix and then in the alphabetical order of the main name. Accordingly St. John, or Saint-Simon, or Saint-Yves come _before_ Sainta or Sainte-Beuve.

Before proceeding further, these books may be completed for the dictionary catalogue and assigned their places in the classified.

=Songs=: Fitz-Gerald, S. J. A. Stories of famous songs. 1898

If but a single book appears on the subject a title-entry suffices

Songs, Famous, Stories of. Fitz-Gerald, S. J. A. 1898

This is better and less clumsy than

Songs, Stories of famous. Fitz-Gerald, S. J. A. 1898 =Richelieu, Cardinal=: McCabe, J. The Iron Cardinal. 1909

In full form catalogues the heading can be given at length

=Richelieu, Armand-Jean Du Plessis=, _Cardinal_ (1585-1642).

The title "The Iron Cardinal" must be so given, and not as "The iron cardinal," although it may be a fanciful title made use of by this author alone.

=Gladstone, William Ewart=: Ap John, L. Gladstone: his life and times. 1887

In arranging the order it is the correct and better plan to put the books _by_ a person before those _upon_ him, and it is an advantage to print the latter in smaller type. The books in the extract from the Manchester catalogue given on pages 11 and 12 would be better arranged in this order:--

GLADSTONE (W. E.) Gleanings of past years. -- Homer. -- Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture.

Biography of, by Russell. Biography of, by Smith. Character of. Essay on, by Brown.

This meagre, telegraphese style of catalogue can never be satisfactory, so it is not surprising to learn that Mr. C. W. Sutton, the Manchester Librarian, has superseded it by the classified form.

=Ireland=: _History._ O'Grady, S. The story of Ireland. 1894

=Scotland=: _Natural History, &c._ St. John, C. Wild sports and natural history of the Highlands. 1893

Highlands, Scottish. _See_ Scotland.

There is no occasion to give a title-entry for any of these books as they are adequately catalogued as shown. It may be assumed that any person who wants them will remember either the authors' names or the subjects. To give entries under "Stories," "Iron Cardinal," "Story of Ireland," "Short sketches," would be both futile and wasteful.

In the classified catalogue the main-entries given above would be numbered and arranged, the book on songs, 821.04 (English Literature--Poetry--Lyric, Ballads), Richelieu as 923.2 (Biography of Sociology--Statesmen)--rather than 922.2 (Biography of Religion--Cardinals)--and the Gladstone would be the same number, 923.2. It is a convenience in the case of biographies in a classified catalogue to lead off with, and arrange by, the name of the subject of the biography, in which case the entries are changed to this form:--

=923.2 Biography of Sociology--Statesmen.= Gladstone, William Ewart: his life and times, by Lewis Ap John. pp. 329, port. 1887 Richelieu, Cardinal. The Iron Cardinal, by Joseph McCabe. pp. xii., 389, ports. 1909

It is still more convenient to throw all the works of biography into a single alphabet of the names of the subjects without any sub-division. This enables the consulter of the catalogue to find a biography without having to stop and consider whether the person was a cardinal or a statesman.

The story of Ireland is 941.5 (History--Ireland), it being a general history, and not one upon a particular period. The book on the Highlands deals with the fish, birds, and animals, and is therefore allocated to 591.941 (Science--Zoology--Geographical Distribution--Scotland).

The index entries are

Fitz-Gerald, S. J. A. Famous songs. 821.04 Songs and Ballads (Literature) 821.04 McCabe, J. Iron Cardinal (Richelieu) 923.2 Richelieu, Cardinal, 923.2 Ap John, L. Gladstone, 923.2 Gladstone, William E. (biographies) 923.2 O'Grady, S. Story of Ireland, 941.5 Ireland (History), 941.5 St. John, C. Wild sports of the Highlands, 591.941 Scotland (Zoology), 591.941 Highlands, Scottish (Zoology), 591.941

Other prefixes, mostly of foreign origin, as De, De la, Le, Van, become the entry-word when attached to British surnames, as in the following examples:--

DE MORGAN, William. Alice-for-Short. DE LA WARR, Constance, Countess. A twice crowned queen: Anne of Brittany. 1906 LE FEUVRE, Amy. A bit of rough road. VAN DYKE, Henry. The blue flower.

All these are alphabetized as if the prefixes were part of the names following, as Demor, Delawa, Lefeu, Vandyke.

The illustrative entries worked out from this point onwards will be curtailed to the limits of an average or short-entry catalogue, upon the supposition that most of those who use this book will require compressed entries, the style for full-entry catalogues having been already sufficiently indicated. It is easier to give entries in full than to condense them without the loss of any information of moment. In the following pages an endeavour will be made to show reasonable condensation of entries or other economies that may be effected and adopted. Putting this into practice, it will be observed that the collation has been left out of these entries, and that the dates of publication are not given in three of them. This latter omission is because they are works of fiction, and books in this class of literature are frequently worn out in popular libraries. The editions replacing them are seldom of the same date, therefore it serves no particular purpose to give the dates; the great majority of persons wanting such books are not in the least concerned as to when the book was published, unless it be that it is the "latest out."

The title-entries for these same three books are

Alice-for-Short. De Morgan, W. Bit of rough road, A. Le Feuvre, A. Blue flower, The. Van Dyke, W.

It is often a puzzle where properly to introduce the articles a, an, and the, in titles turned about to bring the word following into place; under no circumstances should entries be given under the articles. Generally they fall into place to read easily and correctly if brought in before the possessive or at the end. Guidance must be largely a matter of sight or sound, as no definite rule can be laid down. It is incorrect to omit them altogether, because the sense of the title is often changed or spoiled. Under the author-entry the articles should be left in their place, as shown, and not twisted about, as is occasionally seen, after this fashion.

DEEPING, Warwick. Bertrand of Brittany. -- Lame Englishman, The. -- Red Saint, The. -- Woman's war, A.

Under the author-entry the books are placed in alphabetical order by the word following the article. Some rules recommend that this be emphasised by the use of a capital initial to it, in this way

DEEPING, Warwick. Bertrand of Brittany. -- The Lame Englishman. -- The Red saint. -- A Woman's war.

This point is further referred to and illustrated in Chapter XII.

Every article when part of a title (apart from the initial one) is taken into account for alphabetising purposes, as

Story of a play. Story of Aline. Story of an African farm. Story of Leah. Story of the Gadsbys.

The historical biography yet remains for attention and requires a title-as-subject entry.

Anne of Brittany. A twice crowned queen. De la Warr, Countess. 1906

A title-entry may be given if desired, but it cannot be said to be of much use.

Twice crowned queen, A: Anne of Brittany. De la Warr, Countess. 1906

For the classified catalogue the works of fiction, in a "free library" at any rate, will hardly be marked 823 (Literature--English Fiction), but will be treated as a class apart; all the entries being arranged alphabetically by author's names, not by the periods in which the books were written, or the nationalities of the authors. It is true there are other possibilities in arranging works of fiction in the classified catalogue, though they introduce an element of obscurity and hinder ready reference. Historical fiction can be kept apart and arranged under the countries and periods, or the idea can be carried further and the books sub-divided under such headings as Human Careers, Adventures Abroad, America, English Life, Irish Life, Scottish Life, Short Stories and Sketches, Detectives and Crime. It is conceivable that there are people who would appreciate a division of this kind, though it would not suit the general convenience. To bring all the works of fiction together under a heading "Novels" in the dictionary catalogue, as said previously, is foreign to its nature, and should not be attempted.

The foregoing illustrations were examples of Anglicized foreign prefixes. When the prefixes are to genuine foreign names they require careful consideration and varying treatment according to their character. If "De" is part of a name undoubtedly French, it is not the entry word, but the name which follows or precedes it. If a prefix embodies the definite article in it, as "Du," then that is the entry-word, whether the name be English or French, so also is the definite article of "de la", as shown in the de la Brète item below. The above points are all illustrated in the following examples:--

HARCOURT, Louis d'. Le sabre du notaire. MAUPASSANT, Guy de. Fort comme la mort. DU BOISGOBEY, Fortuné. La loge sanglante. LA BRÈTE, Jean de. Mon oncle et mon curé. LE ROUX, Hugues. Le fils à papa.

When the prefix is embodied as part of the surname, then the whole name is regarded as a single one, and comes under the ordinary rule. It is as well to give examples of these also.

DECOURCELLE, A. Un homme d'argent. DELABORDE, Vicomte Henri. La gravure: précis élémentaire. [1882]

All the above are works of fiction, the last excepted, and therefore receive the usual first-word title-entries in the dictionary catalogue, the rules governing the use of the article remaining the same for foreign fiction. To prevent misunderstanding, the correct form for such entries is here shown

Sabre, Le, du notaire. Harcourt, L. d'. Fort comme la mort. Maupassant, G. de. Loge sanglante, La. Du Boisgobey, F. Mon oncle et mon curé. La Brète, J. de. Fils à papa, Le. Le Roux, H. Homme d'argent, Un. Decourcelle, A.

Whatever economy may be effected by leaving out the articles in English titles, it is better and more correct not to attempt it in French. The last of the books is on engraving, which word becomes the subject-heading, as under no circumstances should the name of any subject be given in any form but English in the catalogue unless, as happens in remote cases, there is no equivalent in English for the subject. Accordingly the entry is

=Engraving=: Delaborde, Vicomte H. La gravure. [1882]

The instruction that when the definite article is a prefix, or part of a prefix, to a name it becomes the entry word must not be blindly followed in all cases, as there are exceptions. If it were the middle part (conjunction) of a double name, for example, it is not the entry-word. To name some instances of this Viollet-le-Duc is so entered, and not as Le Duc; Verdy du Vernois, and not Du Vernois; Leconte de Lisle, and not Lisle or De Lisle; and Puvis de Chavannes, not Chavannes or De Chavannes. Such names require to be treated with knowledge and discretion.

The inexperienced and the young cataloguer, they are not necessarily the same, need to exercise due care lest they blunder stupidly if unwittingly. Perhaps they have a book by, say, J.-H. Rosny le Jeune one day, and on another one by J.-H. Rosny Ainé, when it need hardly be said the entry-names are not Le Jeune or Ainé, or even Rosny le Jeune or Rosny Ainé, but

ROSNY, J.-H., _ainé_. ROSNY, J.-H., _le jeune_.

and in this order. This note of warning is not unnecessary, as might be supposed.

Much the same principles govern Italian and Spanish names with prefixes. In German and Dutch "von" and "van" are not the entry-words, except in Anglicized names as already shown, or if clearly embodied in the surname. This latter remark applies to "van," as "von" is seldom, if ever, so found.

It is customary in entering books by the Greek and Latin classical authors to adopt the name contained in some modern standard dictionary, such as Smith's "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography." This is usually the Latin form, as Virgilius, Homerus, and while it is wise in the case of a college or other library to follow this, it is better for a public library to adopt the English style, as Homer, Horace, Ovid, Pliny, Virgil; at the same time taking care to adhere to the English forms throughout and to see that all the books are entered under that adopted, no matter what may be the languages of the various editions. The author's name as the entry-word must, of course, be turned into the nominative, and not left in the case in which it appears on the title-page, though this difficulty does not arise when the English renderings of the names are chosen.

The following examples are given to elucidate the matter as well as emphasise it. The title-pages of the four books selected for the purpose read:--

Q. Horati Flacci Opera Edited by T. E. Page, M.A. London Macmillan & Co. 1895 Sophoclis Tragoediae Edited by Robert Yelverton Tyrell. London Macmillan & Co. 1897 P. Vergili Maronis Bucolica Georgica Aeneis Edited by T. E. Page, M.A. London Macmillan & Co. 1895 M. Tullii Ciceronis De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum Libri Quinque With Introduction and Commentary by W. M. L. Hutchinson. London Edward Arnold 1909

The first three books have on the preliminary title-pages "The Parnassus Library of Greek and Latin Texts." To revert to the style of the full form of entry, these would appear as

HORATIUS FLACCUS, Quintus. Opera; ed. by T. E. Page. (_Parnassus lib. of Greek and Latin texts._) pp. xxii., 252. 1895

SOPHOCLES. Tragoediae; ed. by Robert Y. Tyrrell. (_Parnassus lib. of Greek and Latin texts._) pp. xxvi., 272. 1897

VIRGILUS MARO, Publius. Bucolica, Georgica, Aeneis; ed. by T. E. Page. (_Parnassus lib. of Greek and Latin texts._) pp. xxii., 376. 1895

CICERO, Marcus Tullius. De finibus bonorum et malorum; with intro. and commentary by W. M. L. Hutchinson, pp. xxxii., 238. 1909

It should be noted that the form of words of the _titles_ of the books is not altered or amended, the dipthongs in "Tragœdiæ" and "Æneis" being taken from the books, as it is the rule to follow the wording of a title-page literally, even to the extent of copying obvious mistakes.

References are required from the names of the various editors

PAGE, T. E. (_Ed._) _See_ Horatius. Virgilius. TYRRELL, Robert Y. (_Ed._) _See_ Sophocles. HUTCHINSON, W. M. L. (_Ed._) _See_ Cicero.

For "an average catalogue"--by which is meant one that is intended for the use of all classes, learned or unlearned--the popular form of names is not only more suitable but is more convenient The entries, then, would be

HORACE. Opera; ed. by T. E. Page. (_Parnassus lib._) 1895

SOPHOCLES. Tragoediae; ed. by R. Y. Tyrrell. (_Parnassus lib._) 1887

VIRGIL. Bucolica, Georgica, Aeneis; ed. by T. E. Page. (_Parnassus lib._) 1895

CICERO. De finibus bonorum et malorum; ed. by W. M. L. Hutchinson. 1909

The fact that the titles of the books are given in Latin would in itself be a sufficient indication to the observant that the works are in the original and not translations.

Apart from the references from editor's names, the above would be the sole entries in any style of catalogue, as most classical authors, certainly the Greek and Latin, do not have subject-entries, or anything corresponding thereto, probably upon the supposition that the contents of their works are so well known by those who read them that further entries are uncalled for.

In the classified catalogue most of the classic authors have a specific place, those above being respectively 874.5 (Literature--Latin Lyric Poetry--Horace), 882.2 (Literature--Greek Dramatic Poetry--Sophocles), 873.1 (Literature--Latin Epic Poetry--Virgil), and 875.4 (Literature--Latin Oratory--Cicero--Philosophical Works.)

In all subsequent illustrations the position in the Dewey Classification will be shown by the number attached to each principal entry, as if it were the shelf ("finding" or "location") number in the dictionary catalogue, and this will obviate the necessity for any separate statement relating to the classified catalogue unless it seems to be required.