Chapter 6

THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF NEUTRALS 126

SECTION 1 _The Criterion of Neutral Conduct_ 126

Professor de Martens on the Situation (1905) 126 Neutrals and the Laws of War (1915) 127

SECTION 2 _The Duties of Neutral States, and the Liabilities of Neutral Individuals, distinguished_ 129

Contraband of War (1904) 130 Coal for the Russian Fleet (1904) 132 German War Material for Turkey (1911) 135

SECTION 3

_Neutrality Proclamations_ 135

The British Proclamation of Neutrality (1904) 136 " " " " ( " ) 138 " " " " (1911) 141 The Proclamation of Neutrality (1911) 143

SECTION 4

_Neutral Hospitality_ 143

Belligerent Fleets in Neutral Waters (1905) 144 The _Appam_ (1916) 146

SECTION 5

_Carriage of Contraband_ 147

_Absolute and Conditional Contraband_ 147 Contraband of War (1898) 147 Is Coal Contraband of War? (1904) 149 Cotton as Contraband of War (1905) 151 " " " " (1916) 154 Japanese Prize Law (1905) 155 " " " (1915) 157

_Continuous Voyages_ 157 Prize Law (1900) 158 The _Allanton_ (1904) 161

_Unqualified Captors_ 162 The _Allanton_ (1904) 162

SECTION 6

_Methods of Warfare as affecting Neutrals_ 164

_Mines_ 164 Mines in the Open Sea (1904) 164 Territorial Waters (1904) 166

_Cable-cutting_ 168 Submarine Cables (1881) 168 " " in Time of War (1897) 169 " " " " " " ( " ) 171

SECTION 7

_Destruction of Neutral Prizes_ 173

Russian Prize Law (1904) 174 " " " ( " ) 177 " " " ( " ) 178 The Sinking of Neutral Prizes (1905) 179

SECTION 8

_An International Prize Court_ 181

An International Prize Court (1907) 182 A New Prize Law (1907) 183 " " " " ( " ) 186 " " " " ( " ) 189

SECTION 9

_The Naval Prize Bill_ 191

The Naval Prize Bill (1910) 192 " " " " (1911) 194 Naval Prize Money (1918) 195

SECTION 10

_The Declaration of London_ 196

The Declaration of London (1909) 196 " " " " (1910) 197 " " " " (1911) 199 " " " " ( " ) 202 " " " " ( " ) 203 " " " " (1915) 204 " " " " (1916) 205 Germany wrong again (1917) 207

INDEX 209