Part 45

_ 37 Is Healthful Reunion Impossible?_ By E. B. Pusey, D.D. Rivingtons, 1870.

38 [Gratry’s four Letters have been translated by the Rev. T. J. Bailey.—(Hayes).—TR.]

39 [Cf. _supr._ pp. 90, 91. The _Tablet_ made the same assertions in both cases.—TR.]

_ 40 Adversus eos qui Sanctissimum R. Pontificis studium et Vaticani Concilii celebrandi necessitatem vituperant._ Romæ.

41 [Some idea of it may be formed from the answer made some months ago by a distinguished English Prelate at Rome to an Anglican friend, who had quoted the words of one of the Opposition Bishops, “You need not quote _them_ to me; _they are no more Catholics than you are_,”—thus excommunicating at one swoop the very flower of the hierarchy of his Church.—TR.]

42 [The _Curtisanen_ were clerical place-hunters, who came to Rome to beg or traffic for benefices. Cf. “Janus,” p. 341.—TR.]

43 [The Bull _Apostolicæ Sedis_.—Cf. _supr._ pp. 100, 1, 5, 6.—TR.]

44 “Damnamus perversas eorum cavillationes qui dicere audent externum quidem obsequium, non autem internum mentis cordisque assensum, R. Pontificis judiciis esse præstandum.”

45 It will of course be understood that the 300 boarders (cf. _supr._ p. 128) are divided among the Prelates mentioned above.

_ 46 Istoria del Concilio de Trente_, xix. 15. 3: “Facendosi quelle sole difinizioni nelle quali i padri conspirassero ad un parere.”

47 [Liverani published a striking pamphlet on the abuses of the _Curia_ some years ago.—TR.]

48 Joshua ix. 21.

49 Purgat. xxvii. 104.

50 “Ove accadesse collisione tra le definizioni del Concilio ecumenico e le leggi dello Stato, queste cesserebbero per ciò solo di avere _qualsiasi_ vigore obbligatorio,” p. 262.

51 So Pius VI., in his Brief of 1791, directed against the new laws of the French Assembly for securing religions freedom. Therein the distinction is still drawn between heathen and Jews on one side and Protestants or heretics on the other, that the former cannot be compelled to receive baptism, but the others, “qui se Ecclesiæ per susceptum Baptismi Sacramentum subjecerunt, cogendi sunt” (_Collect. Brev. Pii VI._, Aug. Vindel. 1791, i. 34). Benedict XIV. declared the same before in 1749 (_Bullar. Mag._, Romæ, ed. Coquel, T. xvii. p. 272). And Pius VII. afterwards, in his Brief of 1803 (Kopp, _Die kath. Kirche des 19 Jahrh._, Mainz, 1830, p. 429). “According to Scripture, Councils and Tradition, heretics remain subject to the laws of the Catholic Church.”

52 Job xiii. 7.

53 The idea is thrice repeated; “fideles tam seorsim singuli quam simul omnes officio ... veræ obedientiæ obstringuntur,” is said once again in the _Schema_.

_ 54 Correspondance_, Paris, i. 247.

55 [A writer in the Cologne _Rheinischer Merkur_ of May 14, a newly started organ of Liberal Catholic principles, conducted entirely by priests, learnedly discusses the question “whether St. Thomas Aquinas taught Papal Infallibility,” and comes to the conclusion that, in spite of the influence of these forged authorities on his mind, he did not.—TR.]

56 Navagero, _Relazione_, p. 389 in the Venetian Collection, ed. Alberi, i. 7.

57 “Ammantar la pigrizia di superiorità, sottrarsi alla noja d’esaminar le quistioni col disprezarle, sono vezzi troppo communi in Italia, e il beffarsi di questi pesanti Tedeschi, che vanno a cercare la fin dei fini. Ma in tal caso rassegniamoci a vederci trattati, da questi di negligenza e di spensierataggine quando accettiamo a occhi bendati carte, falsificate da tristi speculatori o da sbadati raccoglitori,” etc.—_Archivo Storico Italiano_, 1860, xii. 19.

58 [It was originally intended for public use also, and is still recited publicly by Cathedral Chapters and religions communities. Some portions of it, as Vespers and Compline, are often used in parish churches also, especially in France.—TR.]

59 [Cf. “Janus,” pp. 60-62, 275-8.—TR.]

60 The proposal of two Rhenish Prelates for a common declaration against Döllinger’s paper on Infallibility was rejected in the meeting of German Bishops. The chief opponents were Hefele, Eberhard, Raynald, Strossmayer and Förster, who maintained that, certain arguments apart, Döllinger represented in the main the views of most German Bishops on the subject. It was further insisted, in express repudiation of the stand-point of mere “inopportuneness,” that the addresses already signed by the Infallibilists were directed in principle against the doctrine of the Church. The two Prelates declared nevertheless that they would not separate themselves from their colleagues who had signed those documents.

61 Tac. _Annal._ XV. 53.

62 I take this opportunity of observing that the _Mémorial Diplomatique_, which has the credit of supplying the world regularly with methodical fictions from Rome, has also given a spurious reply of Antonelli’s to Beust’s note. Perhaps one of your Paris correspondents can explain the rare persistency of that journal in habitually making game of the French with lies and inventions which are immediately exposed. Here in Rome many are disposed to seek the authors of them in the office of the _Civiltà_ or in the _Gesu_.

_ 63 Pastoral on Infallibility of the Roman Pontiff_ (Longmans), p. 126.

64 It is also quoted in the _Journal des Débats_ of March 12. [This same Bishop opened the debate on the _Schema de Romano Pontifice_ by arguing that the Pope must be infallible, because St. Peter was crucified head downwards. _Cf. infr._ Letter xlvi.—TR.]

65 The _Unita Cattolica_ of March 12 makes its Roman correspondent say that to-day the Bishops are signing in crowds a Petition to the Presidents of the Council, demanding that the discussion of the article on infallibility may take precedence of all other business, because they long to put an end at one blow to the scandal of the Liberal Catholics and Gallicans. But Margotti’s journal at the same time urges patience on its readers, because decorum must be preserved, as far as may be.

66 [It seemed better to give the Letter itself, as published “by permission” in the _Standard_ of April 7, rather than to translate the secondhand, though remarkably accurate, paraphrase given in the German text. It addressed to Bishop Ullathorne.—TR.]

67 [Archbishop Errington was Cardinal Wiseman’s coadjutor with right of succession, but was arbitrarily deprived of the post by the Pope, on his declining to resign it. His name was the first of the three sent to Rome by the Chapter of Westminster for the vacant Archbishopric on Cardinal Wiseman’s death, the other two being Clifford and Grant. All three were passed over in favour of Dr. Manning.—TR.]

68 [This explanation, that the Requiem “was intended rather as a political demonstration than a religious act,” was elaborately insisted on in the _Tablet_ of March 28, which added the guarded but equally gratuitous statement that “the Bishop of Orleans, _it appears_, intended to speak at the funeral service;” winding up with the somewhat remarkable comment that “the prudence and the charity (!) of Pius IX. have been equally conspicuous in the affair.” The world hardly seems to see it.—TR.]

_ 69 Reform der Kirche an Haupt und Gliedern._

70 [The correctness of this prediction was conspicuously illustrated in the _coup_ of June 3. _Cf. infr._ Letter lii.—TR.]

71 This word (_niederträchtigen_) was lately used by a German Bishop.

72 The original text ran: “Quâ sane benignitate ipsius ac providentiâ factum est, ut ex Œcumenicis omnibus Concíliis, et ex Tridentino nominatim amplissima in universam Catholicam Familiam utilitas dimanaverit;” the amendment of Dreux-Brézé runs: “Quâ sane benignitate ipsius ac providentiâ factum est, ut _licet omnibus Ecclesiae necessitatibus per ordinarium Summi Pontificis regimen et magisterium satis fuerit provisum_, tamen ex Œcumenicis omnibus Conciliis,” etc.

73 [It is understood to have been Bishop Clifford of Clifton.—TR.]

74 See _Times_ for April 2, 1870.

75 [The English _Tablet_ and _Dublin Review_ have received similar papal commendations.—TR.]

76 “Relapsum flammi ex lege addixit,” says the Dominican Bzovius in his Panegyric _Paulus V. Borghesius_, Rome 1626, p. 57.

77 [It will be seen that Simor, with the other Hungarian Bishops, eventually voted among the _Non-placets_ and signed their protest. Cf. Letters lxiv, lxv.—TR.]

78 “Quoniam vero satis non est, hæreticam pravitatem devitare, nisi ii quoque errores diligenter fugiantur, qui ad illam plus minusve accedunt: omnes officii monemus servandi etiam Constitutiones et Decreta quibus pravæ ejusmodi opiniones, quæ isthic diserte non enumerantur, ab hâc Sanctâ Sede proscriptæ et prohibitæ sunt.”

79 “Schematis de fide catholica conclusio, quæ incipit ab his verbis: _Itaque supremi Pastoralis_, etc., cum de eâ in ultimâ Congregatione generali non satis explicite actum fuerit, adhuc debet subjici Patrum suffragiis, antequam ad ferenda suffragia de toto Capite IV. procedatur. Ideo monentur Reverendissimi Patres, ut nunc in finem _Emendationes de capite quarto_ hujus Schematis propositas etiam ad proximam Congregationem generalem secum deferre velint.”

80 [Conditional votes, as will be seen, are not allowed in Solemn Sessions, but only a simple _Placet_ or _Non placet_.—TR.]

81 [Cf. _supr._ p. 348.—TR.]

82 [See an exhaustive article on the subject from a Catholic pen in the _North British Review_ for October 1869.—TR.]

83 [He refused to do so.—TR.]

84 This proved to be a mistake.

85 “Elle estime justement qu’elle a le devoir de ne pas favoriser la diffusion de l’erreur ou des attaques contre l’autorité des Vicaires de Jésus-Christ.”

86 The infallibilists are of course luckier. Their writings are readily printed and circulated. At the same time with the writings mentioned above, Archbishop Spalding has published a letter to Dupanloup, emphatically denying that he had spoken against the opportuneness of the dogma in the paper he drew up with several other American Bishops, and declaring himself a zealous advocate for it.

87 [English readers may be referred to Renouf’s _Case of Honorius Reconsidered_. Longmans, 1869.—TR.]

88 It is now understood to have been written by Dr. S. Mayer under his direction.

89 [See _Pastoral on Infallibility of Roman Pontiff_. Longmans, 1869.]

90 “Animadvertendum quippe est, quod in publicâ Sessione juxta Litteras Apostolicas _Multiplices inter_ d. d. Novembris 1869 Num. VIII., quo modus procedendi in Sessionibus publicis præscribitur, non liceat aliter suffragium dare, nisi pure et simpliciter per verba: _Placet_ aut _Non placet_, excluso alio quovis modo.”

91 [Cf. _Janus_, pp. 382-4.—TR.]

92 [Since, that is, the Lateran synod of 1517 under Leo X.—TR.]

93 Tac. _Annal._ II.

94 Antonelli’s, notoriously.

95 “Animés d’un profond respect pour l’autorité _légitime_ du S. Siége, nous sommes obligés d’autre part de préserver de toute atteinte présente ou future les rapports entre l’église et l’état (as lately settled by the Concordat and the Constitution). Nous joignons nos instances aux remonstrances du Gouvernement français et nous nous croyons appelés à le faire d’autant plus, que dans le sein du concile lui-même une grande partie des représentants de l’Église d’Allemagne, dont le dévouement religieux est bien connu, atteste par son attitude que nos craintes sont loin d’être vaines.”

96 “Si, diciamolo altamente, Pio IX. credette aver ricevuto speciale missione di definire la Immacolata Concezione e la infallibilita pontificia.”

97 “Jure tam divino quam humano laicis nulla potestas in ecclesiasticas personas attributa est.”

98 See Raynald. _Annal._ xix. ann. 1493, 22.

99 “Hæc conditio pro Concilio Vaticano eo magis urgenda esse videtur, cum ad ferenda suffragia tot Patres admissi sunt, de quibus non constat evidenter, utrum jure tantum ecclesiastico an etiam jure divino ipsis votum decisivum competat.”

100 It appears from a passage in Letter lii. that this severe judgment on the Prince Bishop was based on an erroneous report of his conduct in the papers.

101 “Jamvero infallibilitatem S. Ap. Sedis et Romani Pontificis ad doctrinam fidei pertinere ex allatis fidei documentis constat, et contrariæ illi sententiæ a magisterio Ecclesiæ non semel fuerunt improbatæ. Cujuscunque ergo scientiæ etiam historiæ ecclesiasticæ conclusiones Rom. Pontificum infallibilitati adversantes, quo manifestius hæc ex revelationis fontibus infertur, eo certius veluti totidem errores habendas esse consequitur.”

102 “Al male dominante della licenza dei tipi, per cui il giornalismo nega e bestemmia ogni giorno, bisogna contraporre il salutare rimedio del Papa infallibile, che ogni giorno può insegnare, condannare, definire, senza che mai sia licito ai cattolici dubitare de’ suoi oraculi.”

103 [The English Jesuit, Father Gallwey, says they will be like “the daily provision of manna” to the Israelites.—TR.]

104 He should have said “the Italian prelates.”

105 Cf. _supr._ p. 517.

106 It will be seen from the protest afterwards published that this passage was greatly toned down.

107 Matt. xxvi. 49.

_ 108 Von der Römischen Einheit_, Wien. 1866, vol. ii. pp. 444 _seq._

109 See the decree of Eugenius in Porter’s _Systema Decretorum_, p. 535, and in Raynaldus.

110 “Ad officium nostrum spectat de _quocumque_ mortali peccato corripere quemlibet Christianum; et, si correptionem contempserit, per districtionem ecclesiasticam coercere.”—_Decretal. Novit_, c. 13, De Judic. [Cf. _Janus_, p. 158.]

_ 111 Concil._ ed. Labbé, x. 384.

112 Innoc. _Epist._ ii. 209, p. 473, ed. Paris.

113 Raynald. _Annal._ xv. 156.

114 Raynald. _Annal._ an. 1376, 1.

115 See Bull _Romanus Pontifex_ confirmed by Callixtus III. in 1456 and Sixtus IV. in 1481.—Morelli, _Fasti Novi Orbis_, p. 58.

116 See Bull _Inter Cæteræ_ in Raynald. _Annal._

117 Raynald. _Annal._ an. 1493, 19.

118 Harduin. _Concil_ ix. 1756.

119 Baron. _Annal. Eccl._ an. 1102, sect. 18.

120 Rog. Wendover, _Hist._ iii. 251.

121 Raynald. _Annal._ an. 1283-4.

_ 122 Litera Apost. Summorum Pontif. pro offic. S. Inquis._, Venet. 1607, p. 3.

_ 123 Ib._ p. 39.

124 Del Bene, _Decreta et Constitt. Pontif._ in his _De Offic. Inquis._ ii. 647.

125 [That this is no mere abstract theory, even in quite recent days, may be seen from Blanco White’s account of his mother’s agony of mind when she began to suspect his opinions and feared it might become her duty to denounce him to the Inquisition.—TR.]

_ 126 Decr._ v. 7, 9, and Lucius III. and Alexander IV. in Lib. vi. 5. 2. 4.

_ 127 Ib._ 5, 2, 5.

128 Carsetti, _Storia del Regno di Vittorio Amadeo di Savoia_, Torino, 1856, p. 178. The Pope said it was “cosa da non potersi dir senza lagrime.”

129 Guerra, _Pontif. Constit._ i. 177.

130 See, _e.g._, Tartarotti, _Apologia del Congresso_, etc., p. 176.

_ 131 Decr._ ii. 24, 27.

132 D’Achery, _Spicileg._ iii. 714. [“Vobis et successoribus vestris Regibus et Reginis Franciæ in perpetuum indulgemus, ut confessor religiosus vel sæcularis quem vestrûm vel eorum quilibet duxerit eligendnm, vota per vos forsitan jam emissa, _ac per vos et successores vestros in posterum emittenda_ ... necnon juramenta per vos præstita, _et per vos et eos præstanda in posterum_, quæ vos et illi _servare commode non possitis_, vobis et eis commutare valeat in alia opera pietatis.” Two cases are reserved, viz., vows of chastity and _vows taken to the Pope_.—TR.]

133 Bzov. _Annal. Eccl._ an. 1555, p. 306, ed. Colon.

134 Dodd, _Church History of England_, iii. 288; _Tractat. Dogmat. et Scholast. de Ecclesiâ_, Romæ, 1782, ii. 245.

135 D’Acheray, _Spicileg._ iii. 721.

_ 136 Acta Sanct. Bolland._ Ap. 23, p. 157.

137 Spondani, _Annal. Eccl. Contin._ ii. 595.

_ 138 Decr. de Transl._ c. ii. 3, 4. [Cf. _Janus_, pp. 55, 56.]

_ 139 Decr._ iv. 1, 16.

_ 140 Dist._ 81, c. 15.

_ 141 Concil. Gangrens._ can. 4.

_ 142 Concil._ ed. Labbé, t. xiii. pp. 1322, 3.

143 See Amort, _De Indulg._ i. 146.

144 D’Argentré, _Collectio Judiciorum_, Paris, 1728, iii. 297.

_ 145 Clementin._ i. 5, De Usuris, tit. 5.

146 [On this subject, as also on persecution, the reader may profitably consult _Papal Infallibility and Persecution; Papal Infallibility_ and _Usury_. By an English Catholic. Macmillan, 1870.—TR.]

147 [This had been protested against by the minority. Cf. _supr._ pp. 327-8.]

148 The text of the speech, as it is now printed in the journals, has been subsequently corrected and toned down.

149 “Il est sans doute de certaines fonctions où, tenant, pour ainsi dire, la place de Dieu, nous semblons être participants de sa connaissance, aussi bien que de son autorité,” etc.—Lemontey, p. 151 (éd. de Bruxelles).

150 1 Cor. ii. 14.

_ 151 Pachym._ II. 20, ed. Bonn.

152 According to a letter of his which reached Breslau the 12th July, permission to depart has been refused him.

153 [The same strange confusion of thought seems still to prevail among some fervid infallibilists of the English and Irish Episcopate, to judge from their pastorals issued since the decree of July 18.—TR.]

154 Meanwhile the _Unita_ of July 15 has already begun to indicate the wholesome political fruits which may be looked for from the dogma of infallibility. Gallicanism, which demanded fixed guarantees against papal decisions, has paved the way, according to Margotti, for constitutionalism and parliamentarism; for after a Pope whose decrees _ex cathedrâ_ are not irreformable, comes a king limited by the Constitution, and then the era of parliamentary revolutions and political storms is introduced. But now the bright example set by the Bishops in their submission to the infallible Pope will restore not France only, but the whole of Europe. From them the nations will learn to submit as children to their sovereigns, the kingdom of unrighteousness will pass away, and the kingdom of God succeed. That is plain speaking; absolutism in the Church will lead to absolutism in the State. Margotti then surrenders himself to the most brilliant hopes, predicts unprecedented miracles, and records those which have been already wrought for infallibility during the Council, or will immediately be wrought. We cannot venture to withhold them from our readers. First, it seemed impossible to attain an agreement of the Bishops on the proclamation of infallibility; all wanted to speak, and the discussion seemed likely to be endless. But the Holy Ghost unexpectedly interposed; above sixty Bishops waved their right to speak, and the _Schema_ was voted and approved. Secondly, a great opposition of all the governments was feared, who only kept quiet while they watched the quarrels of the Bishops themselves in the Council. But scarcely had the Bishops shown themselves unanimous, when the Hohenzollern question turned up, which absorbs everybody’s attention, and leaves the Church in peace. The third miracle is still in the future—the dogma will suddenly dissipate the menaces of war, because the word of God, like the Son of God, only comes into the world in the midst of universal peace.

155 The impending war led to its being held earlier.

156 [On the essential connection between the infallibility and the impeccability of the Popes, see _Janus_, pp. 113 _sqq._, and Maret, _Du Concile Général_, vol. ii. ch. 13.—TR.]

157 [The decree of Constance defines that “every lawfully convoked Œcumenical Council representing the Church derives its authority immediately from Christ, and every one, the Pope included, is subject to it in matters of faith, in the healing of schism, and the reformation of the Church.” It was carried in full Council without a dissentient voice.—TR.]

158 [That in fact is exactly what Antonelli calls it in his circular.—TR.]

159 This is emphatically asserted in a sermon preached last year at Kensington by Archbishop Manning, where he says, speaking in the Pope’s name, “I claim to be the Supreme Judge and director of the consciences of men; of the peasant that tills the field and the prince that sits on the throne; of the household that lives in the shade of privacy _and the Legislature that makes laws for kingdoms_—I am the sole last Supreme Judge of what is right and wrong.”

160 These letters are taken from the _Journal des Débats_ of May 6 and 11. The Bishops of Marseilles and Montpellier are said to be the writers.

161 Lire: spartiates.

162 From the _Gazette de France_ of June 28. The Vicar-General of an eminent French Bishop, who had been at Rome, is the reputed author.