CHAPTER XII.

Criticism and Conclusion.

Leibniz's Fundamental Contradiction is between his Method and his Subject Matter 240

The Use which Leibniz makes of the Principle of Sufficient Reason reveals this Contradiction 242

The Contradiction is between the Ideas of Formal and of Concrete Unity 243

From this Contradiction flow

(1) The Contradiction in the Notion of Individuality 246

Which becomes purely Negative 247

The Negative he interprets as merely Privative 249

(2) The Contradiction in his Conception of God has the Same Source 250

He really has Three Definitions of God 250

One results in Atomism, another in Pantheism 251

The Third in a Conception of the Organic Harmony of the Infinite and Finite 252

(3) The Contradiction between the Real and the Ideal in the Monads has the Same Source 253

(4) As have also the Contradictions in the Treatment of the Relations of Matter and Spirit 254

(5) And finally, his Original Contradiction leads to a Contradictory Treatment of Knowledge 257

Summary as to the Positive Value of Leibniz 259

The Influence of Leibniz's Philosophy 261

Especially upon Kant 262

Kant claims to be the True Apologist for Leibniz 263

(1) As to the Doctrine of Sufficient Reason and Contradiction 263

Which finds its Kantian Analogue in the Distinction between Analytic and Synthetic Judgment 266

(2) As to the Relation of Monads and Matter 268

Which finds its Kantian Analogue in the Relation of the Sensuous and Supersensuous 268

(3) And finally, as to the Doctrine of Pre-established Harmony 269

Which Kant transforms into Harmony between Understanding and Sense 269

And between the Categories of the Understanding and the Ideas of Reason 270

Conclusion 272

LEIBNIZ'S NEW ESSAYS CONCERNING THE HUMAN UNDERSTANDING.