Chapter 19

_Agent._ _Verb._ _Object._ _English_ Singers Sing Songs _French_ Les chanteurs Chantent Les chansons _Spanish_ Los cantores Cantan Las cantinelas _Italian_ I cantori Cantano I canti _Latin_ Cantores Canunt Cantus

_English_ Givers Give Gifts _French_ Les donneurs Donnent Les dons _Spanish_ Los donadores Dan o donan Los dones _Italian_ I danatori Dano o danano I doni _Latin_ Datores Donant Dona

_English_ Fishers Fish Fishes _French_ Les pecheurs Pechent Les poissons _Spanish_ Los pescadores Pescan Los peces _Italian_ I pescatori Pescan I pesci _Latin_ Piscatores Piscantur Pisces

_English_ Students Study Studies _French_ Les etudiens Etudient Les etudes _Spanish_ Los estudiantes Estudian Los estudios _Italian_ I studienti Studiano I studii _Latin_ Studiosi Student Studia

[18] Mr. Murray says, "These compounds," _have_, _shall_, _will_, _may_, _can_, _must_, _had_, _might_, _could_, _would_, and _should_, which he uses as auxiliaries to _help_ conjugate _other_ verbs, "are, however, to be considered as _different forms_ of the _same_ verb." I should like to know, if these words have any thing to do with the _principal_ verbs; if they only alter the _form_ of the verb which follows them. I _may_, _can_, _must_, _shall_, _will_, or _do love_. Are these only different forms of _love_? or rather, are they not distinct, important, and original verbs, pure and perfect _in_ and _of_ themselves? Ask for their etymons and meaning, and then decide.

[19] Diversions of Purley, vol. 1, p. 77.

[20] Dr. Edwards observes, in a communication to the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences, from personal knowledge, that "the Mohegans (Indians) have _no adjectives_ in all their language. Altho it may at first seem not only singular and curious, but impossible, that a language should exist without adjectives, yet it is an indubitable fact." But it is proved that in later times the Indians employ adjectives, derived from nouns or verbs, as well as other nations. Altho many of their dialects are copious and harmonious, yet they suffered no inconvenience from a want of contracted words and phrases. They added the ideas of definition and description to the things themselves, and expressed them in the _same_ word, in a modified form.

[21] Matthew, chap. 24, v. 48.

[22] Examples of a _dis_-junctive conjunction. "They came with her, _but_ they went without her."--_Murray._

Murray is _wrong_, _and_ Cardell is _right_. The simplifiers are wrong, _but_ their standard is so likewise.

"Me he restored to my office, _and_ him he hanged."--_Pharaoh's Letter._

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

The following printer's errors have been corrected in this etext. Changes are indicated in brackets.

Contents ON NOUNS AMD [AND] PRONOUNS

Lecture I process of time as ingle [a single] will not unfrequenly [unfrequently] represent

Lecture III German, Danish, Dutch, Sweedish [Swedish]

Lecture V _David_ killed Goliah [Goliath]

Lecture VI and cosinder [consider] them in this place

Lecture VII We are told there are are [are] two articles the mother is _mascu.line_ [masculine] dress handkerchief.["] The resolution

Lecture VIII object will be to ascertion [ascertain] ["]But wherefore _sits he_ there? act _transitively_, acording [according] to

Lecture IX the pocket of Guy Fawks [Fawkes] For we should rember [remember] _looks_ like or _resembles_ his brother,["]

Lecture X A philosophical axiom[.]--Manner And our languge [language] should ["]I have addressed this volume

Lecture XI Be not surprized [surprised] when I tell you

Lecture XII the qualifification [qualification] of an _adverb_, --"express neither actionn [action] or passion."

Lecture XIV trace back to their orignal [original] form ["]He stept _a_-side" ["]As Mailie, an' her lambs ["]Not only saw he all that was,

Footnote 22 Murray is _wroug_ [wrong]

End of Project Gutenberg's Lectures on Language, by William S. Balch