Part 20
DEAN STANLEY (_Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey_, p. 440) states generally that the Assembly of Divines removed from Henry VII.’s Chapel to the Jerusalem Chamber at the end of September. The exact date is, as stated in the text, October 2nd. In the Minutes of the Sessions of the Assembly, preserved in Dr. Williams’s Library, there occurs at the close of the sixty-fifth session the entry, “Adjourned to the Hierusalem Chamber on Monday, at ten o’clock,” and the following session, the sixty-sixth, is dated Monday, October 2nd. The permission to adjourn to the Jerusalem Chamber from Henry VII.’s Chapel, “on account of the coldness of the said chapel,” was granted by Parliament on September 21st, 1643.
INDEX.
A.
Abbot, Dr. Ezra, 115
Ælfric’s Heptateuch, 12, 13
Aiken, Dr. C. A., 115
Ainsworth, H., his Commentaries, 101
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, 11
Alexander, Dr. W. L., 109
Alexandrine Manuscript, 83
Alford, Dean, 104, 107, 110, 112, 125
Alfred, King, 12
Allen, Archdeacon, 107
Andrews, Dr. Launcelot, 41
Anglo-Saxon Gospel, 12
Angus, Dr. Jos., 110, 125
Authorized Version, first suggestion of, 40
---- ordered by King James, 41
---- a revision, not a translation, 45
---- rules followed by the revisers, 42-44
---- misprints in, 54
---- obsolete words in, 57-59
---- imperfect renderings of, 62
---- preface to, 199
---- list of its revisors, 237
B.
Bancroft, Archbishop, 41, 45
Barrow, Dr. John, 104
Bede, 11
Bensley, Mr. R. N., 111
Bentley, Dr. Richard, his proposals for revised texts of the Greek New Testament and of the Vulgate, 100
Beza’s Codex, 83
Beza, Theodore, his edition of the Greek New Testament, 84, 86
Biber, Dr. G. F., 103
Bible, earliest form of, 4
---- Authorized Version of, 39
---- Bishops’, 30, 37, 39
---- Coverdale’s, 18, 36
---- Douai, 33, 38
---- Genevan, 26, 37, 39
---- Great, 21, 36
---- Matthew’s, 20
---- Purvey’s, 15, 36
---- Taverner’s, 22
---- Wycliffe’s, 13, 14, 35
Bickersteth, Dean, 107, 110, 125
Bilson, Bishop, 49
Birrell, Rev. J., 111
Bishops’ Bible, 30, 37, 39
Bishops’ Bible, preface thereto, 177
---- translators of, 235
Blakesley, Dean, 106_n_, 107, 110, 125
Bodley, John, bears the expenses of the Genevan Bible, 30_n_
Bois, John, 46, 49
Broughton, Hugh, 92
Brown, Dr. David, 112, 125
Browne, Dr. E. H. (Bishop of Winchester), 106_n_, 107, 109
C.
Chambers, Dr. T. W., 115
Chance, Dr. F., 111
Chenery, Professor, 109
Cheyne, Rev. T. K., 111
Claromontane Manuscript, 83
Clergymen, Five, their revision of the Gospel of John, 104
Collation of Manuscripts, 82
Complutensian Polyglot, 84
Conant, Dr. T. J., 114
Coverdale, first edition of his Bible, 18
---- his Prologue thereto, 160
---- prepares the Great Bible, 21
---- issues a second and other editions of the Great Bible, 23
---- a refugee at Geneva, 27
Cranmer, his opinion of Matthew’s Bible, 20_n_
---- his Prologue to the second edition of the Great Bible, 23
Cromwell, Thomas, patron of Coverdale, 18
---- promotes the preparation of the Great Bible, 23
Crooks, Dr. G. R., 115, 116
D.
Davidson, Dr. A. B., 109
Davies, Dr. B., 109
Day, Dr. G. E., 114
De Witt, Dr. J., 114
Dort, Synod of, 44, 49
Douglas, Dr. G., 111
Downes, A., 49
Driver, Mr. S. R., 111
E.
Eadie, Dr. J., 110, 112
Ellicott, Bishop, 104, 105, 110, 125
Elliott, Rev. C. J., 112
Ephraem Codex, 83
Erasmus, his editions of the Greek New Testament, 85
F.
Fairbairn, Dr. P., 109
Field, Dr. F., 109
G.
Geddes, Dr. A., his projected translation of the Bible, 98
Geden, Professor, 112
Gell, R., his essay upon the amendment of the Authorized Version, 93
Genevan Bible, 26-30, 37
---- popularity of, 32, 52
---- preface to, 172
Genevan Psalter, 27
Genevan New Testament, 28, 29
Ginsburg, Dr., 109
Gotch, Dr. F. W., 109
Green, Dr. W. H., 114
Gutenberg Bible, 17_n_
Guthlac of Croyland, 11, 12
H.
Hackett, Dr. H. B., 115, 116
Hadley, Dr. J., 115, 116
Hampton Court Conference, 40
Harding, Dr. J., 41
Hare, Dr. G. E., 114
Harrison, Archdeacon, 109
Harwood, E., his translation of the New Testament, 97_n_
Hereford, Nicholas de, 14
Hervey, Bishop, 107
Heywood, James, his motion in the House of Commons for a new revision, 103
Hodge, Dr. C., 115, 116
Holbein, his design for title-page of Great Bible, 22_n_
Hort, Dr. F. J. A., 110, 120, 125
Humphry, Prebendary, 104, 110, 125
I.
Itala, The, 9
J.
Jebb, Dr. J., 106_n_, 107, 109
Jerome, revises the old Latin version, 9
---- translates Old Testament, 9
Jerusalem Chamber, 117, 127, 242
Jessey, Henry, his attempted revision of Authorized Version, 95
Johnson, Anthony, his Historical Account, 27_n_
K.
Kay, Dr. W., 106_n_, 107, 109
Kendrick, Dr. A. C., 115
Kennedy, Canon, 110, 125
Kennicott, Dr. B., 100
Kilbie, Dr. R., 47
Krauth, Dr. C. P., 115
L.
Latin Versions, 8, 9
Lawrence, T., his notes of errors in the Bishops’ Bible, 32
Leathes, Dr. S., 109
Lee, Archdeacon, 110, 125
Lee, Dr. A., 115
Lewis, Dr. T., 115
Lewis, John, his History of the English Bible, 41, 49_n_
Lightfoot, Dr. J., urges upon Parliament the revision of the English Bible, 92
Lightfoot, Dr. J. B. (Bishop of Durham), 101, 110, 125
Lindisfarne Gospels, 12_n_
Lively, Ed., 41
Lumby, Rev. J. R., 112
Lyra, Nicholas de, 17
M.
Mace, W., his Greek and English New Testament, 96
Marsh, Bishop, on the Authorized Version, 102
Manuscripts of the New Testament, 80
Mazarin Bible, 17_n_
McGill, Professor, 109
Mead, Dr. C. M., 115
Merivale, Dean, 112, 125
Mill, Dr. J., 99
Milligan, Dr. W., 110, 125
Moberly, Bishop, 104, 110, 125
Moulton, Dr. W. F., 111, 125
Münster, Sebastian, 22, 31
N.
Newcome, Archbishop, his revised New Testament, 98
Newth, Dr., 111, 125
O.
Ollivant, Bishop, 105, 106_n_, 107, 109
Ormulum, The, 13
Osgood, Dr. H., 115
P.
Packard, Dr. J., 115
Pagninus, his Latin translation, 19, 31_n_
Palmer, Archdeacon, 112, 125
Parker, Archbishop, superintends the preparation of the Bishops’ Bible, 30-32
---- his letter to Cecil, 30_n_
Payne Smith, Dean, 110
Penn, Grenville, his revised text and translation of New Testament, 99
Perowne, Dean, 110
Plumptre, Dr. E. H., 110
Printed Bible, the first, 17
Printing, invention of, 17
Psalter, Genevan, 27
---- Guthlac’s, 11_n_
---- Prayer Book, 9_n_, 39
---- Rolle’s, 13
---- Schorham’s, 13
Purver, A., his translation of the Bible, 97
Purvey, John, Wycliffe’s friend and fellow-labourer, 15
Q.
Quotations in early Christian Writings, 87-89
R.
Rainolds, Dr. J., moves for a new revision, 40
Rainolds, Dr. J., appointed one of King James’s revisers, 47
---- works at the revision on his death-bed, 47
Revisers, the American, 114, 116
---- of 1568, 235
---- of 1611, 237
---- of 1881, 109-112
Riddle, Dr. M. B., 115
Roberts, Dr. A., 111
Rogers, John, the probable editor of Matthew’s Bible, 20
Rolle, Richard, 13
Rose, Archdeacon, 106_n_, 107, 110
Rossi, J. B. de, 100
S.
Sayce, Rev. A. H., 112
Schaff, Dr. Philip, 114, 115
Scholefield, Professor, on an improved translation of the New Testament, 102
Schorham, W. de, 13
Scott, Dean, 111, 125
Scribes, primary function of, 3
Scrivener, Dr. F. H., 56, 100, 111, 120, 125
Selwyn, Canon, 103, 107, 110
Septuagint Version, 6
Short, Dr. C., 115
Sinaitic Manuscript, 82
Smith, Dr. G. Vance, 111, 125
Smith, Dr. H. B., 115, 116
Smith, Dr. J. Pye, his testimony in favour of revision, 101
Smith, Dr. Miles, 47, 49
Smith, Professor, W. R., 112
Stanley, Dean, 107, 111, 125
Stephen, Robert, his editions of the Greek New Testament, 85
Stephen, Henry, 86_n_
Stowe, Dr. C. E., 115
Strong, Dr. J., 115
Syriac Version, 8, 87
T.
Taverner, John, 22_n_
Taverner, Richard, 22
Testament, New, Genevan, 28
---- Rheims, 33
---- Tyndale’s, 18
---- Whittingham’s, 25
---- See “Bible”
Thayer, Dr. J. H., 115
Thirlwall, Bishop, 105, 106, 110
Tischendorf, Dr. C., 100
Transcription, errors of, 3
Tregelles, Dr. S. P., 100, 109_n_
Trench, Archbishop, 111, 125
Tyndale, W., his translations, 18
---- his Prologue to New Testament, 137
---- his Epistle to the Reader, 152
---- his Preface to the Pentateuch, 154
U.
Ussher, A., his revised version, 94_n_
V.
Vatican Manuscript, 83
Van Dyke, Dr. C. V. A., 115
Vaughan, Dean, 111, 125
Version, Æthiopic, 87
---- Armenian, 87
---- Gothic, 87
---- Italic, 8
---- Memphitic, 87
---- Old Latin, 8
---- Septuagint, 6
---- Syriac, 8
---- Thebaic, 87
Vulgate, 9
W.
Wakefield, G., his translation of the New Testament, 98
Walker, Anthony, his Life of Bois, 46_n_, 49_n_
Walton’s Polyglot, 99
Ward, Dr. S., 44_n_
Ward, T., his Errata to the Protestant Bible, 33_n_, 93
Warren, Dr. W. F., 115, 116
Weir, Dr. D. H., 112
Wemyss, T., his Reasons in favour of a new translation, 102
Westcott, Canon, 22_n_, 41_n_, 111, 125
Whittingham’s New Testament, 25
---- his version and the Genevan compared, 28, 29
Wicked Bible, 54_n_
Wilberforce, Bishop, 105, 106, 111, 125
Woolsey, Dr. T. D., 115
Wordsworth, Dr. Christopher (Bishop of Lincoln), 107, 110
Wordsworth, Dr. Charles (Bishop of St. Andrews), 112, 125
Worsley, J., his translation of the New Testament, 97
Wright, Dr. W., 109_n_, 112
Wright, Mr. W. A., 110, 113
Wycliffe, John, 13, 14
---- his Bible, 16, 35
---- preface to his Bible, 129
Z.
Zurich Bible, 19
_W. Brendon and Son, Plymouth._
FOOTNOTES:
[1] From the Latin for seventy, this being the supposed number of the translators. It is referred to as the translation of the Seventy Elders so early as the middle of the second century. See Justin Martyr, _Dialogue with Trypho_, c. 68.
[2] See Philo Judæus, _Life of Moses_, book ii. Josephus, _Antiquities_, xii. ii. 5, 11, 12, 14. Eusebius, _Eccl. Hist._, v. 8. Josephus states that the translation was made by seventy-two elders in seventy-two days. The story as given in Eusebius is, that the seventy elders were placed apart in seventy different cells, that each translated the entire Scriptures, and that the seventy translations when compared were found to agree to a word.
[3] And this he gave, not by any formal enactment, but by using Jerome’s translation as the basis of his own _Exposition of the Book of Job_. (See Gregory’s _Letter to Leander_, forming the preface to that work.) The old version of the Psalms retained its ground apparently from its close connection with the music of the Church. From a like cause the old version of the English Psalms, which in fact was made from the Latin of the Vulgate, retains its place in the Psalter of the Prayer Book. It should however be noted that it is but the translation of the translation of a translation.
[4] _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, A.D. 709.
[5] “I have seen a book at Crowland Abbey, which is kept there for a relic. The book is called _Saint Guthlake’s Psalter_, and I weene verily that it is a copy of the same that the king did translate; for it is neither English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, nor Dutch, but something sounding to our English; and as I have perceived since the time I was last there, being at Antwerp, the Saxon tongue doth sound likewise, and it is to ours partly agreeable.” The answer of John Lambert to the twenty-sixth of the Articles laid against him. (FOXE, _Acts and Monuments_, vol. v. p. 213.)
[6] _The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester_, A.D. 699, and A.D. 714.
[7] Many of the clergy were probably at this time unable to interpret the Latin Bibles used in the Church services. Several MSS. exist which have an English translation (gloss) inserted between the lines by writers of the ninth or tenth centuries. One of these, the “Lindisfarne Gospels,” now in the British Museum, is a most richly-adorned MS. It was written by one bishop of Lindisfarne, and ornamented by another, and was encased in jewelled covers. Over each Latin word is written its equivalent in English (Anglo-Saxon). This, as is explained by a note at the end, was done by one “Aldred, the priest,” and, as his handwriting shows, in the tenth century. It cannot be supposed that this was done for the benefit of ordinary readers. So valued a MS. would not be likely to come into any other hands than those of the clergy or the monks.
[8] There is no direct evidence for the existence at an earlier date of any translation of the entire Scriptures into any form of English. In an interesting tract (commonly assigned to the earlier part of the fifteenth century, and printed by Foxe in the first edition of his _Acts and Monuments_, 1563), entitled, “A Compendious Old Treatise, showing how that we ought to have the Scripture in English.” It is stated, “Also a man of London, whose name was Wyring, had a Bible in English, of northern speech, which was seen of many men, and it seemed to be two hundred years old.” (FOXE, _Acts and Monuments_, vol. iv. p. 674.) It cannot, however, be inferred from this statement that the volume referred to was a complete Bible.
[9] See Appendix A.
[10] As many as one hundred and fifty manuscripts, containing the whole or parts of Purvey’s Bible, are still in existence, and the majority of these were written within forty years from the time of its completion.--FORSHALL and MADDEN, _Wycliffite Versions of the Holy Bible_, Preface, p. xxxiii.
[11] No portion of the Wycliffe Bible was printed until 1731, when the New Testament, in the later of its forms, was published by the Rev. John Lewis, of Margate. This was reprinted in 1810, under the editorship of the Rev. Henry Baber. The complete Bible was not printed till so recently as 1850, in the splendid volumes issued from the University press of Oxford, and edited by the Rev. J. Forshall and Rev. F. Madden.
[12] The first work known to have been printed with moveable metal type is the Latin Bible, issued from the press of John Gutenberg at Maintz, 1450-55. This Bible is sometimes referred to as the Mazarin Bible, from the accidental circumstance that a copy of it was found about the middle of last century in Cardinal Mazarin’s library at Paris. (HALLAM, _Literature of Europe_, vol. i. p. 210.) With more propriety it may be called the Gutenberg Bible.
[13] See Appendix C.
[14] Mr. Blunt, in his article “English Bible,” in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, maintains that Coverdale translated directly from the Hebrew and Greek. But in order to this he has, first, forcibly to set aside the statement on the title-page as “placed there by mistake,” and then to represent Coverdale as including the Hebrew and Greek originals in the same category as Latin, German, and English translations, and as describing them all as “five interpreters” from which he had translated.
[15] This license seems to have been obtained from the king by Cromwell at Cranmer’s suggestion. (See Cranmer’s Letter to Cromwell, August 4th, 1537. _Remains and Letters_, p. 344. Parker Society.) In this letter Cranmer thus expresses his opinion of the book: “And as for the translation, as far as I have read thereof I like it better than any other translation heretofore made; yet not doubting but that there may be and will be found some fault therein, as you know no man ever did or can do so well, but it may be from time to time amended. And forasmuch as the book is dedicated unto the king’s grace, and also great pains and labour taken in setting forth of the same: I pray you, my lord, that you will exhibit the book unto the king’s highness, and to obtain of his grace, if you can, a license that the same may be sold and read of every person, without danger of any act, proclamation, or ordinance, heretofore granted to the contrary, until such time as we bishops shall set forth a better translation, which I think will not be till a day after doomsday.”
[16] The full title is, “The Byble in Englyshe, that is to saye the content of all the holy scrypture, bothe of the olde and newe testament, truly translated after the veryte of the Hebrue and Greke textes by y{e} dylygent studye of dyuerse excellent learned men, expert in the forsayde tongues. Prynted by Rychard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum. 1539.”
[17] This was more than compensated by the remarkable and interesting engraving, said to be designed by Hans Holbein, which formed the title-page. Herein the king is flattered to his heart’s content. On the top of the engraving the king on his knees and uncrowned is addressed by our Lord in the words, “I have found a man after mine own heart, who shall fulfil all my will.” Below this the king on his throne distributes books labelled “_Verbum Dei_,” the Word of God, to the clergy with his right hand, to Cromwell and others with the left. Lower down on the right of the page is the figure of Cromwell distributing the books to the laity, and on the left that of Cranmer distributing it to the clergy. At the bottom of the page is a crowd of people of all sorts and conditions, some crying out in Latin, “_Vivat Rex_” others in English, “God save the king.”
[18] With the title, “The Most Sacred Bible, which is the Holy Scripture, conteyning the old & new testament translated into English, & newly recognised with great diligence after most faythful exemplars, by Rychard Taverner. Harken thou heuen, & thou earth gyve eare: for the Lorde speaketh. Esaie i. Printed at London in Fletestrete at the sygne of the sonne by John Byddell, for Thomas Barthlet. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum M.D. XXXIX.”
[19] In Fox, _Acts and Monuments_, v. 428, amongst the names of “godly brethren at Oxford” suspected of heresy, and compelled to do public penance, mention is made of “Taverner the musician,” of “Friswide College” (Frideswede, now Christ Church); and again, v. 423, Anthony Dalaber says, “I stode at the quier door and heard Master Taverner play.” Dr. EADIE, _The English Bible_, i. 343, assumes that the reference in this last passage is to Richard Taverner; but far more probably the reference is to John Taverner, who, according to WOOD, _Athenæ Oxoniensis_, i. 124, was “sometime organist of Cardinal College.” I find no other foundation than these doubtful passages for the statement made by WESTCOTT, _History of the English Bible_, ed. 2, p. 85, and by EADIE, _loc. cit._, that Richard Taverner was one of those who suffered persecution upon the first circulation of Tyndale’s New Testament.
[20] See COTTON, _Editions of the English Bible_, p. 21.
[21] From this circumstance the Great Bible is often, but improperly, called Cranmer’s Bible. “The Prologue or Preface made by Thomas Cranmer sometime Archbishop of Canterbury,” is prefixed to many Bibles, to some editions of the Genevan, and to the Bishops.
[22] The dates of these editions, as given in the colophons, are, July, 1540; November, 1540 (1541 on title-page); May, 1541; November, 1541; December, 1541.
[23] He married Catherine, sister of John Calvin. An interesting account of “The Life and Death of Mr. William Whittingham, Deane of Durham, who departed this life A.D. 1579, June 10,” found amongst the papers of Anthony à Wood, preserved in the Bodleian Library, is given by DR. LORIMER, _John Knox and the Church of England_, pp. 303-317.
[24] The dedication to the queen, prefixed to this volume, is dated Geneva, February 10th, 1559. After exhorting the queen to persevere in the reformation of religion, the writers state that “albeit they had begun more than a year ago to peruse the _English_ Translation of the Bible, and to bring it to the pure simplicity and true meaning of the Spirit of God, yet when they heard that Almighty God had miraculously preserved her to that most excellent dignity, with most joyful minds and great diligence they endeavoured themselves to set forth this most excellent Book of the Psalms unto her Grace as a special token of their service and goodwill till the rest of the Bible, which was in good readiness, should be accomplished and presented.” (ANTHONY JOHNSON, _Historical Account of the Several English Translations of the Bible_. Reprinted in WATSON’S _Collection of Theological Tracts_, vol. iii. p. 87.)
[25]
_verse._ 1557. 1560. 1. out of the way apart 3. they saw there appeared unto them 4. here is good beying for us it is good for us to be here 5. that cloude the cloude my deare sonne my beloved sonne in whom I delyte in whom I am well pleased 6. were afrayed were sore afrayde 7. But Jesus Then Jesus 8. loked up lifted up their eyes 9. See that ye shewe Shewe be risen rise death the dead 11. Jesus And Jesus 12. lusted would In like wise likewise 14. people multitude 15. mercie pitie oft ofttimes 17. Jesus Then Jesus how long (_bis_). how long now (_bis_) 18. came out went out even that same at that 19. secrectly apart 20. Jesus And Jesus if ye had if ye have ye should ye shall it should it shall neither could anything and nothing shall for you to do unto you 22. As they And as they passed the time abode betraied delivered 23. and the thyrd but the third sorowed greatly were verie sorie 24. were wont to gather received 25. spake first to him prevented 27. thyne angle an angle the fyshe that first the first fish that pay give it unto them
[26] Strype also tells us that the expenses of publication were borne chiefly by John Bodley, father of Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the Bodleian Library at Oxford.--_Life of Parker_, p. 206.
[27] It is very pleasant to read that, notwithstanding this, Parker joined with Grindal, Bishop of London, in pleading for an extension of the patent granted to Bodley, in order to enable him to publish the new edition of the Genevan referred to above. Writing, March 9th, 1565, to Cecil, the Queen’s Secretary, the Archbishop and Bishop say, “That they thought so well of the first Impression, and the Review of those who had since travelled therein, that they wisht it would please him to be a Means, that Twelve Years longer Term might be by Special Privilege granted him, in consideration of the Charges by him and his Associates in the first Impression, and the Review sithence sustained. And that tho’ one other special Bible for the Churches were meant by them to be set forth, as convenient Time and Leisure hereafter should permit, yet should it nothing hinder, but rather do much good, to have Diversity of Translations and Readings.”--STRYPE, _Life of Parker_, p. 207, Folio Edition.
[28] See Appendix G.
[29] Pagninus was a learned Dominican, who published at Lyons, in 1528, a new translation in Latin of the Old and New Testaments.
[30] STRYPE, _Life of Parker_, Appendix, p. 139.
[31] _Ibid_, p. 399.
[32] In an attack made upon Protestant versions of the Scriptures by Thomas Ward, in the reign of James II., or three-quarters of a century after the publication of the Authorized Version, the writer selects his examples from Genevan Bibles of the years 1562, 1577, and 1579, and speaks of this Bible as “well known in England even to this day, as being yet in many men’s hands.”--_Errata to the Protestant Bible_, p. 19, ed. 1737.