Chapter 101

Norwich) and George Borrow.--151. Orm Ungarswayne: "Orm the youthful Swain," _Romantic Ballads_, p. 86. But see the Danish ballad "Birting" in Borrow's _Targum_, St. Petersb., 1835, pp. 59-61, commencing:--

"It was late at evening tide, Sinks the day-star in the wave, When alone Orm Ungarswayne Rode to seek his father's grave".

--151. Swayne Vonved: See this piece in _Romantic Ballads_, pp. 61-81.--151. Mousha, read _Muca_, in Arabic or _Moshe_ in Hebrew; both represent our _Moses_. But the Jew's name was _Levi_, according to the MS.--153. The Fight: Between Painter and Oliver, near North Walsham, 17th July, 1820. This chapter xxiv. relates the author's call on Mr. Petre of Westwick House, which must have been after 20th May, when it was decided that the "battle" should take place within twenty miles of Norwich.--155. Parr: There were _two_ Parrs, one, Thomas, called "English" or "Old" Parr (1483-1635) who lived 152 years, and Samuel, called the "Greek" Parr (1747-1825,) who had been Head Master of the Norwich Grammar School from 1778 to 1785. This Dr. Samuel Parr was the one referred to by Mr. Petre.--155. Whiter: Rev. Walter Whiter, author of the _Commentary on Shakespeare_, Lond. 1794, and _Etymologicum Magnum_, Camb., 1800, 4to; enlarged ed., Camb., 1822-25, 3 vols. 4to.--156. Game Chicken: Henry Pierce, nicknamed Game Chicken, beat Gulley, 8th October, 1805 (Egan's _Boxiana_, i., p. 145).--156. Sporting Gentlemen: John Thurtell and Edward Painter ("Ned Flatnose").--158. Harmanbeck: Slang for _constable_--word taken from the _English Rogue_.--161. Batuschca (read _Batyooshca_): See p. 43.--161. Priberjensky, read _Preobrazhenski_: Crack regiment of the Russian Imperial Guard, so called from the barracks situated near the Church of the Transfiguration (_Preobrazhenie_).

Page 166. The Fight of 1820, chapter xxvi. We will here give a condensed portion of a chapter which we suppressed from the _Life_.

On the 20th of May, 1820, an eager crowd might have been seen pressing up to a card displayed in the Castle Tavern, Norwich. The card was signed _T. C._ and _T. Belcher_; but every one knew that the initials stood for the Champion of England, Thomas Cribb. The purport of the notice was that Edward Painter of Norwich was to fight Thomas Oliver of London for a purse of 100 guineas, on Monday, the 17th of July, in a field within twenty miles of the city.

A few days after this announcement, George Borrow was charged by his principals to convey a sum of money to a country gentleman by the name of John Berney Petre, Esq., J.P., residing at Westwick House, some thirteen and a half miles distant on the North Walsham road. The gentleman was just settling the transfer of his inheritance, his father having died eight months before. Borrow walked the entire distance, and while he tarried with the magistrate, the interview took place between him and Thurtell who desired to secure a field for the fight. Mr. Petre could not accommodate them, and they drove on to North Walsham. There they found the "pightle" which suited them in the vicinity of that town, on the road leading to Happisburgh (Hazebro).

Norwich began to fill on Saturday, the 15th of July, as the stage-coaches rolled in by the London (now Ipswich) and Newmarket roads. The Inn attached to the Bowling Green on Chapel-Field, then kept by the famous one-legged ex-coachman Dan Gurney (p. 167), was the favourite resort of the "great men" of the day. Belcher, not old Belcher of 1791, but the "Teucer" Belcher, and Cribb, the champion of England, slept at the Castle Tavern, which like Janus had two faces--backed on the Meadows and fronted on White-Lion. The Norfolk in St. Giles and the Angel on the "Walk," housed other varieties of the sporting world.

At an early hour on Monday, the 17th, the roads were alive with pedestrians, equestrians, Jews, Gentiles and Gypsies, in coaches, barouches and vehicles of every sort. From Norwich they streamed down Tombland into Magdalen street and road, out on the Coltishall highway, and thence--sixteen and one half miles in all--to North Walsham and the field. One ancient MacGowan (the Scotch for Petulengro) stood on Coltishall bridge and counted 2050 carriages as they swept past. More than 25,000 men and thieves gathered in concentric circles about the stand.

I do not propose to attempt the description of this celebrated _pugna_ or "battle with the fists". Those who crave such diversions will find this one portrayed fittingly in the newspapers of the time. The closing passage of one of them has always seemed to me to be a masterpiece of grim brutality: "Oliver's nob was exchequered, and he fell by heavy right- handed blows on his ears and temple. When on his second's knee, his head dangled about like a poppy after a shower."

A second fight, this time between Sampson, called the "Birmingham boy," and Martin the "baker," lost much of its interest by reason of the storm described in _Lavengro_. "During the contest," says the _Norfolk Chronicle_, "a most tremendous black cloud informed the spectators that a rare sousing was in preparation for them." And the _Mercury_ states that "the heavy rain drenched the field, and most betook themselves to a retreat, but the rats were all drinkled". Thus the "cloud" was no fiction, by which the Gypsy foretold the dreadful fate awaiting John Thurtell before Hertford gaol, 9th January, 1824. Ned Painter never fought again. He was landlord of the White Hart Inn from 1823 to 1835. The present proprietor still shows his portrait there, with the above fact duly inscribed on the back of the frame.

Page 168. Public: The Castle Tavern, Holborn, kept by Tom Belcher--the "Daffy Club".--169. "Here's a health to old honest John Bull:" The verses were taken from a rare old volume entitled: _The Norwich Minstrel_, p. 30, (See _Bibliog._):--

"HONEST JOHN BULL."

"Here's a health to 'Old honest John Bull'; When he's gone we shan't find such another; With hearts and with glasses brim full, We'll drink to 'Britannia, his mother'; For she gave him a good education, Bade him keep to his God and his King, Be loyal and true to the nation, And then to get merry and sing.

"For John is a good-natured fellow, Industrious, honest and brave; Not afraid of his betters when mellow, For betters he knows he must have. There must be fine lords and fine ladies, There must be some little, some great; Their wealth the support of our trade is, Our trade the support of the State.

"Some were born for the court and the city, And some for the village and cot; For it would be a dolorous ditty, If we were born 'equal in lot'. If our ships had no pilots to steer, What would come of poor Jack on the shrouds? Or our troops no commanders to fear, They would soon be arm'd robbers in crowds.

"The plough and the loom would stand still, If we were made gentlefolks all; If clodhoppers--who then would fill The parliament, pulpit or hall? 'Rights of Man' makes a very fine sound, 'Equal riches' a plausible tale; Whose labourers would then till the ground? All would drink, but who'd brew the ale?

"Half naked and starv'd, in the streets We should wander about, _sans culottes_; Would Liberty find us in meats, Or Equality lengthen our coats? That knaves are for levelling, don't wonder, We may easily guess at their views; Pray, who'd gain the most by the plunder? Why, they that have nothing to lose.

"Then away with this nonsense and stuff, Full of treason, confusion and blood; Every Briton has freedom enough To be happy as long as he's good. To be rul'd by a glorious king, To be govern'd by jury and laws; Then let us be happy and sing, 'This, this, is true Liberty's cause'."

Page 174. Haik, read _Haik_: Armenian.--178. Conqueror of Tippoo Sahib: General Harris (1791).--181. March: The exact date was discovered by me in private letters in Norwich. See _Life_, i., p. 91. George left Norwich on the evening of 1st April, 1824, and consequently reached London early on the morning of 2nd April.--182. Lodging: No. 16 Millman Street, Bedford Row.--185. The publisher: Sir Richard Phillips.--185. Mr. so-and-so: Taylor of Norwich.--186. The Magazine: _The Monthly Magazine_; _or_, _British Register_.--187. The Oxford Review: _The Universal Review_; _or_, _Chronicle of the Literature of all Nations_. No. 1, March, 1824, to No. 6, January, 1825. See also pp. 190, 203 and ff.--191. Red Julius, called elsewhere by Borrow _Iolo Goch_: A Welsh bard of the fifteenth century.--193. Caesar's Castle: The Tower of London.--194 and 423. Blessed Mary Flanders: Defoe's _Moll Flanders_, See _Bibliog._ at the end of _Romany Rye_.--197. Booksellers' shop: The shop was a depository of the Religious Tract Society, the publishers of Legh Richmond's _Annals of the Poor_, of which the first section was the _Dairyman's Daughter_ (pp. 101).--203. Newly married: Richard, Jr., m. Feb., 1823.--204. "Newgate Lives": The true title was: _Celebrated Trials_, _and Remarkable Cases of Criminal Jurisprudence_, _from the earliest records to the year_ 1825, Lond., 1825 (February), 6 vols. 8vo.--205. Translator of "Faustus": _Faust_, _a Drama by Goethe_, _and Schiller's Song of the Bell_; _translated by Lord Francis Leveson Gower_, Lond., J. Murray, 1823, 8vo; 2nd ed., enlarged, _ibid._, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo.--208. Translator of Quintilian: I doubt whether this was John Carey, LL.D. (1756-1826), who published an edition of Quintilian, 1822, but no _translation_. My information is positive that it was Wm. Gifford, translator of Juvenal, 1802, 3rd ed. 1817.--215. Oxford: This constant satirising of the great English university in connection with the publisher's theory, doubtless grew out of a series of articles printed in the Magazine during the years '23 and '24, and which may be summarised by this notice in vol. lvi., p. 349: "In a few days will appear a series of Dialogues between an Oxford Tutor and a Disciple of the new Commonsense Philosophy; in which the mechanical principles of matter and motion will be accurately contrasted with the theories of occult powers which are at present cherished by the Universities and Royal Associations throughout Europe".--220. Churchyard: St. Giles churchyard where Capt. Borrow was buried on the 4th of March previous.--220. A New Mayor: Inexact. Robert Hawkes was mayor of Norwich in 1822. Therefore he was now _ex_-mayor--220. Man with a Hump: Thomas Osborn Springfield, was not a watchmaker so far as is known in Norwich, but "carried on the wholesale silk business, having almost a monopoly of the market" (Bayne's _Norwich_, p. 588).--221. Painter of the heroic: Benjamin Robert Haydon (1785-1846).--224. Norman Arch: The grand entrance and exit to the Norwich Cathedral, west side.--225. Snap: The Snap-Dragon of Norwich is the _Tarasque_ of the south of France, and the _Tarasca_ of Corpus day in Spain. It represents a Dragon or monster with hideous jaws, supported by men concealed, all but their legs, within its capacious belly, and carried about in civic processions prior to the year 1835; even now it is seen on Guy Fawkes' day, the 5th of November.--Whiffler: An official character of the old Norwich Corporation, strangely uniformed and accoutred, who headed the annual procession on Guildhall day, flourishing a sword in a marvellous manner. All this was abolished on the passage of the Municipal Reform Act in 1835. As a consequence, says a contemporaneous writer, "the Aldermen left off wearing their scarlet gowns, _Snap_ was laid up on a shelf in the 'Sword Room' in the Guildhall, and the _Whifflers_ no longer danced at the head of the procession in their picturesque costume. It was a pretty sight, and their skill in flourishing their short swords was marvellous to behold." See _Romany Rye_, pp. 349-50.--Billy Blind and Owlenglass (Till Eulenspiegel): See _Bibliography_.--228. Brandt and Struensee: For High- Treason in Denmark, 1772. See _Celebrated Trials_, iv., p. 465; and for Richard Patch ("yeoman Patch"), 1805, vol. v., p. 584.--229. Lord Byron: The remains of the poet lay in state from Friday 9th July, 1824, in Sir Edward Knatchbull's house, Great George Street, to Monday the 12th when they were conveyed to Hucknall-Torkard in Nottinghamshire. On that day (12th July) Borrow witnessed the procession as described in the text.--233. Carolan's Receipt: Torlough (_i.e._, Charles) O'Carolan, the celebrated Irish harper and bard, was born at Nobber, Co. Meath, in 1670, and died in 1738. See Alfred Webb's _Compendium of_ _Irish Biography_, Dublin, 1878, p. 372; J. C. Walker's _Irish Bards_, 1786, App., pp. 86- 87, and _Dict. of Nat. Biog._, xli., p. 343. The "Receipt" in _Irish_ is in Walker, and at the end of Vallancey's Irish Grammar, second ed., Dublin, 1781. {565} Here is the translation given in Walker:--

"When by sickness or sorrow assail'd, To the mansion of Stafford I hie'd His advice or his cordial ne'er fail'd To relieve me--nor e'er was denied.

"At midnight our glasses went round, In the morning a cup he would send; By the force of his wit he has found That my life did on drinking depend.

"With the spirit of Whiskey inspir'd, By my Harp e'en the pow'r is confess'd; 'Tis then that my genius is fir'd, 'Tis then I sing sweetest and best.

"Ye friends and ye neighbours draw near, Attend to the close of my song; Remember, if life you hold dear, That drinking your life will prolong."

Curiously enough among the subscribers to the _Romantic Ballads_, Norwich, 1826, we find these names: (p. 185) "F. Arden, Esq., London, five copies," "T. G. O'Donnahoo, Esq., London, five copies;" (p. 187) "Mr. J. Turner, London".

Page 244. The Review: The Review actually ceased January, 1825, with its sixth number.--268. Laham: In Heb. bread is _lehem_; but our author probably wrote it by sound. _Z'hats_ is the acc. of _hats_, the Arm. for bread; for as Borrow's source, old Villotte (1714), says: "_Accusativus praefigit nominativo literam z_".--270 and 286. Mesroub, read _Miesrob_, who, about A.D. 450 introduced the Armenian alphabet. 271. Sea in Arm. is _dzow_. See _Romany Rye_, p. 356--281. Adelante (Span.): Come in.--281. Bueno (Span.): Good. This sound of the word _bueno_, heard in 1825 from the Jew Manasseh, was brought to Borrow's memory in 1836 when he met the Jew Abarbanel on the roads in Spain. See _B. in S._, p. 65, sm. ed.--282. Una vez, etc. (Span.): On one occasion when he was intoxicated.--282. Goyim (Heb.): Nations, Gentiles.--282. Lasan akhades, read _Lashon haqqodesh_: Sacred language, _i.e._, Hebrew.--282. Janin: Wine in Heb. is _yayim_ (not _yanin_), but our author quoted correctly from the _Dialoghi di Amore composti per Leone Medico_, Vinegia, 1541, and the Span. ed. (which I use): _Los Dialogos de Amor de mestre Leon Abarbanel medico y Filosofo excelente_, Venetia, 1568, sm. 410 (Bodleian). The passage is: "And he (Noah), after the flood, was called _Janus_ on account of his invention of wine, for _Janin_ in Hebrew signifies wine, and he is represented with two faces turned in opposite directions, because he saw before the flood and after it". {566} G. B. always writes Abarb_e_nel for Abarb_a_nel. His true name was Leo Abrabanel.--282. Janinoso (Judaeo-Span.) meaning _vinosus_, intoxicated.--283. Epicouraiyim: Christians, as below, the "Epicureans," for so the rabbis of the East call us in the West--properly, "unbelievers". But Borrow's form is not found in Buxtorf (1869)--read [unknown Hebrew text] _Epikurosin_ and (pop.) _Epikurin_.--285. Sephardim: Spanish and Portuguese Jews, as the _Ashkenazim_ are the German Jews.--290 to 301. I am at . . .: Greenwich, Blackheath and Shooter's Hill (301).--304. Colonel B. . . .: Col. Blood. See _Celebrated Trials_, vol. ii., pp. 248-354: "Thomas Blood, generally called Colonel Blood, who stole the crown from the Tower of London, 1671".--317. Got fare to . . ., read Amesbury, Wilts.--323. City of the Spire: Salisbury.--325. From . . ., read Bristol.--330. Stranger: Could not be William Beckford (1759-1844) of Fonthill Park, three miles from Hinton, a dozen or fifteen miles from Salisbury. Besides the place was sold in 1822 and George Mortimer occupied it in 1825. Borrow had been walking _five_ days in a N.W. direction from Salisbury, and all his narrative harmonises with the places and dates that bring him to Horncastle in August, 1825--362. Abedariums, read _abecedariums_.--363. Flaming Tinman: He is also called by Borrow, Blazing Tinman, Flying Tinker, Blazing Bosville or Boswell, and finally Anselo Herne, his true clan-name.--367. Ten years ago, _i.e._, thirteen, when he was at Tamworth in April or May, 1812.--377. The Romany chi, etc.: See p. 387 for the translation.--379. Answer to the gillie: The Rommany churl and the Rommany girl love thieving and spaeing and lying and everything but honesty and truth.--390. Peth yw, etc. (W.): What is that lying there on the ground? _Yn wirionedd_, in truth, surely.--390. Gwenwyn: Poison! Poison! the lad has been poisoned!--394. Hanged the mayor: The suppressed name of the Welshman and the whole account of the affair is given in _Wild Wales_, p. 7 (chapter iii).--404. Bardd Cwsg: The Sleeping Bard, by Ellis Wynn. See _Bibliog._--421. Merddin Wyllt (_Myrddin_): _i.e._, Wild Merlin, called the Wizard.--423. Found written: See _Moll Flanders_ by Defoe, p. 188, ed. 1722: "Oh! what a felicity is it to mankind," _said I_, "that they cannot see into the hearts of one another!" I have carefully re-read the whole volume of _Moll Flanders_, and find no such passages as those referred to here, save the one above. Hence, we may justly infer that Borrow quoted the _spirit_, rather than the words, of his author. See _Romany Rye_, pp. 305-6.--431. Catraeth, read _Cattraeth_. The reference is to Aneurin's book, the _Gododin_, or Battle of Cattraeth. See _Bibliog._--432. Fish or flesh: See Borrow's _Targum_, St. Petersb., 1835, p. 76, under the "History of Taliesin," ending:--

"I saw the end with horror Of Sodom and Gomorrah! And with this very eye Have seen the [Trinity]; I till the judgment day Upon the earth shall stray: _None knows for certainty_ _Whether fish or flesh I be_."

The original Welsh of the "Hanes Taliesin" is in the _Gorchestion Beirdd Cymru_, 1773--_Bibliog._ at the end of _Romany Rye_.--432. Take this: This Bible, with Peter Williams' name in it, was sold in London in 1886 out of Geo. Borrow's collection.--443. Mumpers' Dingle: Near Willenhall, Staffordshire. The place is properly _Momber_ or _Monmer Lane_, and is now occupied by the "Monmer Lane Ironworks," hence totally obliterated.--444. Volundr (_Volundr_): The Wayland Smith of Northern legends. See in the _Bibliog._ under "Wayland Smith," and Mallet, p. 570.--456. Ingeborg: The lines are from the _Romantic Ballads_ of 1826, p. 58, entitled the "Heroes of Dovrefeld. From the old Danish."--456. "As I was jawing:" Text and translation of the whole eight lines are found on pp. 182-83 of the _Lavo-Lil_, 1874:--

_As I to the town was going one day_ _My Roman lass I met by the way_.

The _MS._ is somewhat different--"Rommany" instead of _Roman_, and the last line, "If you will share my lot with me".--469. The man in black: This priest seems to have been a Fraser of Lovat. See _Romany Rye_, p. 25, and "Arbuthnot" in the _Bibliog._--481. Armenian: It must be remembered that Borrow's Armenian was limited to the Introduction, Grammar and Lat.-Arm. Dict. of the Jesuit Joseph Villotte, 1714, fol., which he picked up at Norwich in 1822-23 as he tells us on p. 175, and _Romany Rye_, p. 92. Hence all his examples are taken from that book--_mi_, one; _yergou_, two; _yerek_, three, and those in _Romany Rye_.--482. Buona sera (It.): Good evening.--482. Per far visita, etc.: To pay your lordship a call, that is my motive.--486. Che io non, etc., read _ch' in_, etc.: That I do not believe at all.--488. Addio: Farewell.--497. Pulci: See the _Bibliog._ This version is rather free and _local_. Here is the original (canto xviii., f. 97, ed. 1546):--

_Rispose allhor Margutte_: "_A dirtel tosto_, _Io non credo piu al nero ch' a l'azzurro_, _Ma nel cappone_, _o lesso_, _o_, _vuogli_, _arrosto_, _E credo alcuna volta anco nel burro_, _Nella cervogia_, _e_, _quando io n'ho_, _nel mosto_, _E molto pui nell' aspro che il mangurro_, _Ma sopra tutto nel buon vino ho fede_, _E credo che sia salvo chi gli crede_."

503. O Cavaliere, etc.: Oh, Sir Walter, ye have wrought much in behalf of the Holy See!--504. Poveri frati: Poor friars!--508. One fellow I met: See the postillion's story on pp. 536-48.--513. Master in Arm. is _d'yer_; of a master, _d'yearn_; pl., _d'yeark_.--515. Koul Adonai, read _Kol A_. The next quotation is from part of verse 4 of the xxixth Psalm, which he gives according to the prayer-book version.

LIST OF GYPSY WORDS IN _LAVENGRO_

Adrey, in.

Ambrol, pear.

Ande, in, into.

Andre, in, within.

Angar, charcoal, coals.

Apopli, again.

Aukko, here is.

Ava, yes.

Avali, yes.

Avella, comes, is coming.

Baro, large, big.

Bawlor, swine.

Bebee (aunt), grandmother.

Bengui, devil.

Bitchadey, pl. sent.

Bitchadey pawdel (p. 300), an error for _bitchado pawdel_, sing.

Boro, great.

Borodromengro, highwayman.

Boro foros, London.

Cafi, horse-shoe nail.

Cana, when.

Caulor, shillings.

Chabe, pl. of

Chabo, child, lad, Gypsy.

Chachipen, truth.

Chal, lad, Gypsy.

Chal Devlehi, go with God, farewell.

Chavo, _i.q. chabo_.

Chi, girl, lass, Gypsy.

Chinomescro, chisel.

Chipes, pl. tongues.

Chive, to throw; pass (bad money).

Chivios, he or it is cast.

Chong, hill.

Chong gav, Norwich.

Churi, knife.

Coor, to strike, hammer.

Cooromengro, boxer.

Covantza, anvil.

Dearginni (Hung. G.), it thunders.

Dinelo, a fool, silly.

Divvus, day.

Dloovu, money (for _lovo_).

Dook, to bewitch, to spirit away.

Dook, spirit, soul, divining spirit, demon, ghost.

Dosta, enough.

Dovey odoi, that there, up yonder.

Drab, herb, poison.

Drab, to poison.

Drom, road, way.

Drow (often pl.), drugs; poison.

Dui, two.

Dukker_in_ (the _in_ is Eng. "ing"), any one's fortune, or fortunes, fate, fortune-telling.

Dukker_in_ dook, the fortune-telling or divining spirit or demon.

Dukkeripen, fortune-telling.

Duvel, God.

Duvelskoe, divine.

Engro (mere _ending_), Borrovian for "master," "fellow," "chap".

Foros, city, town.

Gav, village, town.

Gillie, song, ditty.

Gorgio, non-gypsy, stranger, somebody, police. G. avella, some one is coming. G. shunella, some one is listening. G.'s welling, the police are about.

Gorgious, adj. formed from _gorgio_.

Grandbabee, see _bebee_.

Grondinni (_Roumanian_ G.), it hails.

Gry, horse, pony.

Harkomescro, tinker.

Hinjiri, executioner.

Hir mi Devlis, by my G---.

Hokkeripen, falsehood.

Jaw, to go. Jaw-ing, going.

Jib, tongue, language.

Juggal, dog.

Juwa, woman.

Kauley, f. of

Kaulo, black, dark.

Kaulomescro, blacksmith.

Kaured, stole.

Kekaubi, kettle.

Ker, house.

Kosko, good.

Kral or Krallis, king.

Lachipen, honesty.

Lavengro, "word-master," "philologist".

Leste, him.

Lil, book.

Loovu, coin, money.

Lundra, London.

Luripen, theft, robbery.

Mailla, donkey.

Manricli, cake.

Manro, bread.

Manus, man.

Marel (read _merel_), dies.

Men, we.

Mensar (read _mensa_), with us.

Miro, my.

Morro, bread.

Muchtar, tool-box.

Nashkado, lost, hanged.

Nashky, gallows.

O, the.

Odoi, there; dovey o., yonder.

Pa, over, for.

Pal, brother, friend, mate.

Palor, brothers.

Parraco, I thank.

Pawdel, on the other side, across; bitchadey p., transported.

Pen, to say, to tell; penning, telling.

Peshota, pl. bellows.

Petul, horse-shoe.

Petulengro, smith.

Pindro, hoof, foot.

Pios, health (in toasting).

Plaistra, pincers.

Plastramengro, runner, detective.

Poknees, magistrate.

Prala (_voc._). brother.

Pudamengro, blower, bellows.

Puro, old, ancient.

Puv, earth, ground.

Ran, stick, cane.

Rati, blood, stock.

Rikkeni, f. of

Rikkeno, pretty, fine.

Rin, file.

Rom, husband; Gypsy.

Roman, Borrovian for Gypsy.

Romaneskoenaes, in Gypsy fashion.

Romanly (Bor.), in Gypsy, G.-like.

Romano, Gypsy.

Rome and dree (Rom andre?) Gypsy at heart.

Romi, wife.

Rommanis, in Gypsy.

Rommany, Gypsy.

Rommany Chal, Eng. Gypsy.

Rommany Chi, f. Eng. Gypsy-girl.

Rovel, weeps.

Rye, gentleman; farming r., farmer.

Sap, snake.

Sapengro, snake-catcher.

Sastra, iron.

Sastramescro, worker in iron, smith.

Scoppelo, ninny.

Sherengro, head man.

Shoon, to hear, to listen.

Shukaro, hammer.

Shunella, is listening.

Si, is, are.

Sore, all (who).

Ta, and.

Tacho rommanis, faithful wife.

Tan, tent.

Tasaulor (ta-sorlo), to-morrow.

Tatchipen, truth.

Tawno Chickno, "Shorty".

Tu, thy.

Tute, thee.

Vagescoe chipes, tongues of fire.

Villaminni (Hung. G.), it lightens.

Wafodo, bad, false.

Welling (corruption of _avella_), coming. G.'s welling, "the hawks are abroad".

Wesh, forest.

Yag, fire.

Yeck, one.

Zigan (_Slavic_), Gypsy.

Zingaro (_Italian_), Gypsy.

PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLESBURY

Footnotes:

{0a} We are all relations, all alike; all who are with us are ourselves.

{0b} _Chal_ is simply the contraction of _chaval_, a form cognate with _chavoro_ the diminutive of _chavo_, a lad. _Chaval_ is still common in Spain, both among the Gypsies and the lower orders of Spaniards.--ED.

{1a} _MS._, "On the fifth day of July, 1803, at East D---, a beautiful little town in the western division of Norfolk, I first saw the light".

{1b} "In Cornwall are the best gentlemen."--_Corn. Prov._

{2a} _MS._, "after being insulted by him".

{2b} So in _MSS._; "manly," an erratum.

{3} _MS._, "Orford".

{13} Norwegian ells--about eight feet.

{23} _MS._, "in regimental slang".

{34} _MS._, "Ambrose" throughout the book.

{81} _MS._, "like the philologist Scaliger, who, though acquainted with the exact value of every word in the Latin language, could see no beauty in the 'Enchantments of Canidia,' the masterpiece of the prince of Roman poets. What knew he," etc.

{112} _MS. note_: "Written in 1843".

{115} _MS._, "a Monsieur Peyrecourt" or "Pierrecourt".

{126} _MS._, "Simpson".

{137} Klopstock.

{158} _MS._, "John Thurtell".

{185} _MS._, "Bartlett".

{187} _MS._, "Saviour".

{190} _MS._, "High Tory principles".

{201} _MS._, "_Arden_" throughout.

{210} The _MS._ develops this paragraph as follows:--

So Francis Ardry called upon me, and right glad I was that he did so; and after we had sat conversing for some time, he said, "Did you ever see Kean?"

"No," said I, "but I have heard both of him and of Belcher. I should like to see either, especially the latter. Where are they to be found?"

"I know nothing of the latter," said Frank, "but if you wish to see Kean, you had better come with me where he will appear to-night after a long absence. The public are anxiously waiting for him, intending to pelt him off the stage."

"And what has he done," said I, "to be pelted off the stage?"

"What is very naughty," said Frank; "breaking one of the commandments."

"And did he break the commandment on the stage?"

"No," said Frank, "I never heard that he broke it on the stage, except in the way of his profession."

"Then, what have the public to do with the matter?"

"They think they have," said Frank.

And then we went out together to see Shakespeare's "Richard," or rather we went to see the man who was to personate Shakespeare's "Richard"--and so did thousands; we did not see him, however. There was a great tumult, I remember, in the theatre. The man who was to perform the part of Richard, and who it was said was the best hand for interpreting the character that had ever appeared on the stage, had a short time before been involved in a disgraceful affair, and this was to be his first appearance on the stage since the discovery. The consequence was that crowds flocked to the theatre with the firm intention of expressing their indignation. "We will pelt his eyes out," said a man who sat beside me in the pit--for we sat in the pit--and who bore the breach of all the commandments in his face. The actor in question, however, who perhaps heard the threats which were vented against him, very prudently kept out of the way, and the manager coming forward informed the public that another would perform the part--whereupon there was a great uproar. "We have been imposed upon," said the individual who sat beside me. "I came here for nothing else than to pelt that scoundrel off the stage." The uproar, however, at length subsided, and the piece commenced. In a little time there was loud applause. The actor who had appeared in place of the other was performing. "What do you clap for?" said I to the individual by my side, who was clapping most of all. "What do I clap for?" said the man. "Why, to encourage Macready, to be sure. Don't you see how divinely he acts? why, he beats Kean hollow. Besides that, he's a moral man, and I like morality." "Do you mean to say," said I, "that he was never immoral?" "I neither know nor care," said the man; "all I know is that he has never been found out. It will never do to encourage a public man who has been found out. No, no! the morality of the stage must be seen after."

{212} _MS._ "Charlie" and "Charlie's" throughout.

{222} The _MS._ adds: "'It will, perhaps, be as well, first of all, to go to the exhibition of British art, which is at present open. I hear he has a picture there, which he has just finished. We will look at it, and from that you may form a tolerable estimate of his powers.' Thereupon my brother led the way, and we presently found ourselves in the Gallery of British Art."

{231} _Arden_ throughout the _MS._

{232} The text is: "_Malheur_, as the French say, _that_ it is so choked".

{235} "Bishop Sharpe," a pugilist of that name and time.

{236} _Three are after my death_.

{249} _MS._ (apparently) "L---," but see p. 276.

{250a} _MS._, "is quite as rational an amusement as politics".

{250b} _Le Noir_ in MS. _A_, and in _Rom. Rye_, app.

{251a} _MS._, "L---," or "T."

{251b} _MS._, "Canning".

{350} _MS._, "The Times".

{484} _MS._ "Lord A[berdeen]".

{553} The one sole emendation consists in substituting the masc. _cheval_ for the fem. _jument_, on p. 314. _Le_ jument est _beau_ was a solecism that could not longer be tolerated.

{555} _Boxiana_, ii., 497.

{565} Beginning--

_Mas tinn no slan atharlaigheas fein_, _Do ghluais me tra_, _agus bfheirde me_, _Air cuairt an Seoin le socal dfhaghail_, "_An Stafartach saimh_, _nach gnath gan cheill_."

{566} "El qual (Noe) despues del diluuio, por su inuencion del uino, fue lhamado lano, porque Ianin en ebraico quiere dezir uino, y lo pintan con dos caras boltadas, porque tuuo uista antes del diluuio y despues" (_Foja_ 71, _verso_).