Part 1
Produced by David Starner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
LADY CADOGAN'S
Illustrated Games of Solitaire or Patience
_NEW REVISED EDITION_
INCLUDING American Games
"How poor are they that have not patience."--OTHELLO.
_Patientia vincit._
PHILADELPHIA DAVID McKAY COMPANY Washington Square
Copyright, 1914, by DAVID MCKAY COMPANY
Printed in United States of America
[Transcriber's Note: This alphabetical list of the games was produced for the convenience of the reader and is not contained in the original text.]
CONTENTS
ANNA THE FIFTEEN BABETTE THE FISH-BONE CÆSAR THE FLOWER-GARDEN CANFIELD OR KLONDIKE THE FOUR CORNERS FORTRESS THE FOURTEENTH GENERAL SEDGEWICK THE GREAT THIRTEEN LA BELLE LUCIE THE HEMISPHERES LA NIVERNAISE THE HERRING-BONE LIGHT AND SHADE THE KINGS MARGARETHE THE LABYRINTH MOUNT OLYMPUS THE "LOUIS" PATIENCE NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA THE MILL NAPOLEON'S SQUARE THE NATION NESTOR THE OLGA RED AND BLACK THE QUEENS SLY THE SALIC LAW SPENSER'S FAIRIE QUEEN THE SHAH THE BESIEGED CITY THE SQUARE THE BLOCKADE THE SULTAN THE CARPET THE TERRACE THE CLOCK THE WHEEL THE CONGRESS THE ZODIAC THE CONSTITUTION TWO RINGS THE EMPRESS OF INDIA
EXPLANATION OF THE TABLEAUX
The blank spaces show where the foundation cards should be played during the deal.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS
_Available cards._ Those that are not "blocked" by other cards, _i.e._, not forbidden by the particular rules of each game, to be used.
_Released cards._ Those which, by the removal of the cards that blocked them, have now become available.
_Suitable cards._ Those whose value and suit fit them to be played or placed in the tableaux.
_Foundation cards._ Those on which the Patience is formed. These are generally aces and kings.
_Marriage._ The placing a card _of the same suit_ on the next one above or below it in value. Any number may be placed on each other in this way.
_Sequence._ The regular succession of cards ascending from ace to king, or descending from king to ace; a sequence need not be of one suit.
_Value._ The figures of the court cards, and the number of points of the minor ones.
_Suit._ Either hearts, spades, diamonds, or clubs.
_Lane._ An empty space in the tableau, which has been formed by the removal of an entire row of cards.
_Talon._ Cards which, being unsuitable at the moment, are laid aside in one or more packets till they can come into use.
_To play cards._ The _placing them on the foundations_ in contradistinction to placing them elsewhere.
_Re-deals._ These are always in addition to the original deal.
LA BELLE LUCIE
One Entire Pack of Cards
RULES
I. The uppermost card of each packet is alone available, until by its removal it releases the one beneath.
II. The foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out the entire pack in packets of three cards dealt together and placed as in tableau. The last packet, however, will contain but one card.
The four aces form the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.
Having placed the tableau, take any aces that may appear on the surface of the packets and play them in their allotted spaces, and upon them any other suitable cards, subject to Rule I.
When all available cards have been played, you proceed to release others, by forming marriages in a descending line on the tableau; but great care is requisite, lest in releasing one card another still more necessary to success should be blocked. The whole tableau should be carefully examined, and the combinations arranged so as to release the greatest number of suitable cards.
When this has been done, and there are no more available cards to play, the entire tableau may be taken up, shuffled and re-dealt (if necessary twice), then played again as before.
This game can also be played with two packs, the eight aces forming the foundation cards, and double the number of packets being dealt for the tableau. It is then called "THE HOUSE IN THE WOOD."
There is also another way of playing it with two packs. The foundation cards to be four aces, and four kings of different suits, and marriages made both in ascending and descending lines. The name of this game is "THE HOUSE ON THE HILL."
NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. Only cards in the lowest row are available, until a card in any other row is released by the removal of those below it, the principle being that _no card can be used that has another below it_.
II. The foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out from left to right four rows of ten cards.
The eight aces, when they can be placed, form the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.
Should any aces appear in the lowest row, play them in their allotted spaces, and upon them any suitable cards to continue the foundations (Rule I).
You must now examine the tableau and endeavor by forming marriages (in descending line, and always subject to Rule I) to release other suitable cards. This, however, must be done with care, lest a sequence in a lower row may block a card above it which is much wanted, and might soon have been released.
If by these changes you can make a vacancy in the uppermost row (thus forming a perpendicular lane), it is of the greatest use. The vacancy may be refilled with any available card from the tableau or from the talon, but you are not obliged to refill it until a favorable opportunity occurs.
_Note._--Some players only allow the vacancy to be filled from the talon.
The card so placed has all the privileges of the original card whose place it fills, and is treated in the same manner.
When there are no more available cards to play, proceed to deal out the remainder of the pack, turning the cards one by one, playing all suitable ones on the foundations, or placing them on the sequences of the tableau. The cards that cannot be so employed are laid aside in one packet, forming the talon.
There is no re-deal.
THE FIFTEEN
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. Only cards in the seventh or lowest row are available, until by their removal those above them are released. _No card can at any time be used that has any other below it._
_Note._--There is one exception to this rule, in case the game cannot be opened. See below.
II. Each foundation must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out the entire pack from left to right in horizontal rows, fifteen cards in each, excepting the last one, which can only contain fourteen. Each row should partly cover over the preceding one; four aces and four kings form the foundation cards, the aces ascending in sequence to kings, the kings descending in sequence to aces. _When the deal is complete_, if any foundation cards should appear in the lowest row (Rule I), play them at once on the spaces reserved, and also any other suitable cards--then marry, both in ascending and in descending lines, subject to Rule I; but if, after these changes, no foundation card is available, so that the patience cannot even begin, you may withdraw from the sixth row one ace and one king, if any are to be found (see note to Rule I), immediately filling the spaces so made with the cards below which had previously blocked them. If even this resource is unavailing, the patience has already failed, there being no re-deal, and no further infringement of rules allowed.
When one or more foundations are established, examine the tableau carefully, marry all available cards, and endeavor by these changes to release the greatest number of suitable cards for the foundations, and to open out one or more perpendicular lanes. These are of the greatest use; you may select any available card and place it at the top of the lane, and below it any others in sequence of the same suit, each card partly concealing the preceding one, as in the original deal.
You may also use the lane for reversing any sequences previously made. Thus, supposing there is a sequence beginning with a ten and ending with a three (the ten being required for one of the foundations), place the three at the top of the lane, the other cards following until the ten becomes the lowest or available card.
In theory this patience is simple, but it is very difficult to play. The combinations are endless, from the constant reversing of sequences, and require great attention. As the success principally depends on the lanes, it is more prudent, when you have only one, not to refill it until by some fresh combination you can open out another one.
There is no re-deal.
THE SALIC LAW
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. Only the cards on the surface of the king packets are available, until their removal as usual releases those beneath, but all the cards in each packet may be examined.
II. The foundations do not follow suit.
PLAY
Take from the pack and place one king to begin the line of eight kings, that are to be successively placed in a horizontal row as they appear in the deal. On this first king you place all the cards as you deal them until the next king appears. You now place the cards as you deal them upon this second king, and you continue thus to deal out the whole pack, always heaping upon the last king that has appeared all the cards as they are dealt.
The eight aces are to form the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to knaves (Rule II). When in the course of the deal any aces appear, they are to be immediately placed in a line above the king packets, and upon them any suitable cards (Rule I), and when the queens appear they are to be placed in a row above the foundations. The queens are merely placed to complete the final tableau, which, if the patience succeeds, consists of the eight queens above, the eight knaves finishing the foundations in the centre, and the eight kings below. You must continually examine the surface of the king packets to play any suitable cards on the foundations, and in so doing endeavor to free some of the kings entirely, for when the deal is ended you are allowed to place one card from any of the other packets (Rule I) on each king, and you must, of course, choose those cards that will release the greatest number of suitable cards for the foundations, for which purpose the whole packets may be examined. In this consists the entire play.
There is no re-deal.
THE FOUR CORNERS
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. After the deal is completed, the uppermost card of each packet is available and may be placed on _any of the foundations_, the cards underneath being released as usual by the removal of those that covered them.
II. Each foundation must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out twelve cards as in tableau, beginning on the left. Place the top corner card, then the four side cards, lastly the lower corner card; repeat this process on the right hand, beginning with the top corner, and leaving space in the centre for the foundation cards. These will consist of four aces and four kings of different suits, the aces ascending in sequence to kings, and the kings descending in sequence to aces.
Having dealt the first round of twelve cards, proceed to deal out the entire pack in successive rounds covering the first one, but in dealing each several round the following method must be strictly observed:
The eight foundation cards, as they appear in the deal (whether they fall on the corner or on the side packets), are to be at once played in the space reserved for them, and on these may be played any suitable cards which in dealing fall _on either of the four corner packets_; but when a card (otherwise suitable) falls on either of the _side packets_, it may not be played unless the foundation to which it belongs happens to be the one _immediately adjoining the side packet on which that card fell in dealing_.
_Note._--Whenever in dealing a card is withdrawn, to place on one of the foundations, the next card in the pack is placed in its stead.
_After the entire deal is completed_ these restrictions cease, all suitable cards may now be played, subject to Rule I, and marriages, both in ascending and descending lines, may be made with cards on the surface of the twelve packets; great care must, however, be taken in making these marriages, lest in releasing one card you block another that is equally required. The contents of each packet should be carefully examined, and only those marriages made which release the greatest number of suitable cards.
_Note._--The sequences thus made may be reversed if required, viz., if one of the packets contained a sequence, beginning with deuce and ascending to eight (this being, of course, the top card), and one of the other packets had at the top a nine of the same suit, the eight might be placed on the nine, the rest of the sequence following, till the deuce became the top (or available) card.
When all possible combinations have been made, and further progress is impossible, the twelve packets may be taken up in order, beginning on the left, re-dealt, and played exactly as before. If necessary, there may be two re-deals.
THE MILL
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. All cards in the wings are available.
II. The five foundations do not follow suit.
PLAY
Take from the pack one ace and place it in the centre before you; next deal out eight cards, grouping them round the ace to represent the wings of a windmill. The _first four kings_ that appear in dealing are to be played in the four angles (see tableau). These, with the centre ace, form the five foundation cards. Each of the four kings is to descend in sequence to ace, while upon the centre ace four entire families are to be piled in sequences (Rule II).
Having placed the centre ace and the wings, take from the latter any kings for the foundations, or other suitable cards to play on them, or on the centre ace, filling up the spaces so made from the cards in your hand. Then proceed to deal out the remaining cards, turning them one by one, playing all whose value admit of it on the foundations. The cards that cannot be so used are placed aside in one packet, forming the talon.
_Note._--The four families on the centre ace each begin with ace and end with king.
It is better to play cards from the talon rather than from the wings.
Vacancies in the wings must be _immediately_ refilled from the pack or talon.
In forming the foundations, the uppermost card of either of the king packets may be transferred, if suitable, to the ace packet; but this privilege is limited to _one_ card of each at a time, and may only be resorted to when the playing of that card would bring into immediate use any other available card of the wings or of the talon.
There is no re-deal.
THE SHAH
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. During the deal cards in each circle of the star are available until another circle blocks them. After the deal is completed only cards in the third (or outer) circle are available until, as usual, their removal releases the inner circles.
II. Marriages are limited to cards in the third circle; cards in the inner circles, even when released, can only be played, but not married.
III. The foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Take from the pack the eight aces and the eight kings. Throw aside seven of the kings and place the remaining one in the centre, with the eight aces surrounding it in a circle.
The king is called The Shah, and remains alone. The aces are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to queens.
Next deal out a circle of eight cards, beginning at the top and continuing from left to right. If any of these are suitable, play them, filling the spaces at once from the cards in your hand. Then deal out a second circle, blocking the first one (Rule I), and treat it in the same manner, then a third circle, which completes the rays of the star.
_Note._--In the pattern tableau the third circle is omitted for want of space.
You should now examine the star, to see if there are any available cards which it would be advantageous to marry, or to play (Rules I and II), but you are not obliged to do either until a favorable opportunity occurs. Marriages can only be made in descending line.
_Note._--It is often better to wait until, in dealing, a card turns up likely to be soon required, and then, by playing or marrying, you make a vacant space in which to place it.
When you have played or married all the cards you wish, the spaces so made must be refilled from the talon or pack, beginning with the inner circles, and proceeding from left to right as before.
The remaining cards are dealt out in the usual way, those not required for the foundations, or for marrying, or for refilling spaces forming the talon.
When a lane, _i.e._, one entire ray of the star, is opened out, the place of the _inner_ card may be filled by _one card_ from the third circle. This is sometimes of great use, and is a kind of "grace," as this patience seldom succeeds. The other two spaces are refilled from the talon, and this must be done at once, as each ray must always be complete.
There is no re-deal.
THE BLOCKADE
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. All cards in the first row are available, but as each row is placed it blocks the preceding one.
The removal of any card in the lower rows releases the one immediately above it, the principle being that all cards are available that have _no others below them_.
II. The foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out twelve cards in a horizontal line. Aces may be played as they appear, but no other card can be played until the row is complete. The eight aces are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.
When the first line is placed, play any suitable cards, and then marry in descending line, but be careful to place the cards exactly over each other, to avoid confusion. The vacancies thus caused must be immediately refilled from the pack, then again play and marry. When neither can be done, deal out another row underneath the first, and, when it is complete, play, marry, and refill spaces as before.
You continue to deal out successive rows until the pack is exhausted, always pausing between each row to play, marry, and refill spaces.
In the course of the game vacancies will often be made in the higher rows. These must always be refilled first.
There is no re-deal.
THE CLOCK
Two Entire Packs of Cards
RULES
I. When the circle is formed, the uppermost cards of each packet are available, and their removal releases as usual those beneath.
II. Marriages can only be made with cards in the circle, and not with those from the pack or talon.
III. Vacancies in the circle must be refilled with cards from the pack, but not from the talon; each packet must be refilled so as to contain _not less_ than three cards.
IV. The twelve foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Withdraw from the pack the twelve cards, as in Tableau No. 1, and place them in their exact order against the hours of the clock represented. These are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence until each packet attains the hour of the clock against which it is placed.
Having placed these twelve foundations, proceed to deal out a circle consisting of twelve packets of three cards dealt together--so spread that each card is visible (see dotted line). From this circle you first play all suitable cards (Rule I), and then marry in a descending line (Rule II), and then refill spaces (Rule III). This last should be done in order, from left to right, beginning at the numeral I, and all the packets refilled before proceeding again to play or to marry.
_Note._--Although each packet must never contain less than the original number of three cards, they will often, by marriages, contain more.
You are not obliged to play cards which would be more useful if left on the circle.
When all further progress is at an end, deal out the remaining cards; play all suitable ones, then marry and refill spaces, but be careful not to infringe Rule II.
The cards that cannot be so employed are laid aside in one packet, forming the talon, which can only be used to play on the foundations.
There is no re-deal.
FORTRESS
One Entire Pack of Cards
RULES
I. Only the outside cards of each group are available, until by their removal the next ones are released, the principle being that no card can be used _that has another outside it_.
_Note._--By "outside" is meant the cards on the right side of the right-hand group, and those on the left side of the left-hand group.
II. The foundations must follow suit.
PLAY
Deal out the entire pack horizontally in two groups, as in tableau, beginning at the left hand, and dealing straight across each group, leaving space in the centre for four aces. These, when they can be played, form the foundation cards, and are to descend in sequence to kings.
Should any aces appear on the _outside_ of either group, play them, as also any other suitable cards for continuing the foundations (Rules I and II).
You next proceed to form marriages, both in ascending and in descending lines, with cards on the outside of _both_ groups (Rule I). But this must be done with extreme care, so as not only to release the greatest number of suitable cards, but also, if possible, to open out one entire horizontal row of cards to form a lane. The success of the game entirely depends on these lanes. If, therefore, you succeed in opening out one, it is more prudent not to refill it until, by some fresh combination, others can be made.
When a lane is to be refilled, select any available card (Rule I), and place it at the inner end of the lane, and along it any others in sequence of the same suit, the last card being, of course, the available one.
One great use of these lanes is to reverse any sequences that have been made by marriages in the ascending line.
_Note._--Supposing you have placed upon a deuce a sequence ending with eight; place the eight at the inner end of the lane, the other cards following in succession until the deuce becomes the outside card. When there are more cards in the lane than the original number, they can be placed partly over each other.
There is no re-deal.
THE FOURTEENTH
Two Entire Packs of Cards
PLAY
Deal out twenty-five cards in five rows, each containing five cards. The object is to compose the number fourteen with any two cards taken either from a perpendicular or from a horizontal row. The knave counts eleven, the queen twelve, and the king thirteen.
The cards so paired are withdrawn, and their places filled by the cards in your hand.