CHAPTER VII

[1]Savardan, _Un Naufrage au Texas_, 175-178.

[2]_Ibid._, 172, 206-207.

[3]Considerant, _Du Texas_, 14-16; Savardan, _op. cit._, 188.

[4]_Du Texas_, 9-13. He died in Paris, France, 1893.

[5]_Ibid._, 1.

[6]Savardan, _op. cit._, 150.

[7]Savardan, _Un Naufrage au Texas_, 151-153.

[8]Savardan, _op. cit._, 169-170.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A selective bibliography is given here, listing only items important to the development of the Colony. Other items will be found in footnotes, especially for introduction and Chapter I.

Adair, W. S., "Old French Settlement Near Dallas," _Dallas Morning News_, March 26, 1922.

Boyer, Louise, "The Story of Old French Colony," in _Dallas Morning News_, June 15, 1924.

Bougle, C., "Victor Considerant," _Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences_, Vol. IV, New York, 1931.

Brisbane, Albert, _A Mental Biography, with a Character Study by His Wife Redelia Brisbane_, Boston, 1893.

_Social Destiny of Man: or, Associations and Reorganization of Industry_, Philadelphia, 1840.

Brown, John Henry, _History of Dallas County, Texas, from 1837-1887_, Dallas, 1887.

Bryan, Louise Estelle, _Considerant and His Texas Utopia_ (M.A. Thesis) Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 1924.

Coignet, Madame C., _Victor Considerant, sa Vie, son Oeuvre_, Paris, France, 1895.

Collard, P., _Victor Considerant, sa Vie, ses Idees, Dijon_, 1910. (not cited).

Considerant, Victor Prosper, _A Petition to the Honorable, the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Texas_, Austin, December 10, 1855.

_Au Texas, la premiere rapport a mes amis_, Paris, 1954.

_Au Texas! Ou Exposé fidèle des hauts faits de science sociale, exécutés par les grands hommes de la Phanage et de la Démocratie pacifique dans le Nouveaux Monde_, Paris, 1856.

_Au Texas, Rapport a mes amis; Bases et status de la Sociéte de Colonization Europeo-Americaine, au Texas; Les bases d'un premier establissement societaire_, 2nd edition, 1855, Bruxelles.

_Contre M. Argo Reclamation addressee a la chambre Des deputes par les Redacteurs du Feuilleton de la Phalange. Suivi de la Théorie Droit de Propriete._ Paris, 1840.

_Destinée Sociale_, 3 Vols., Paris, 1834-1844.

_Du Texas; premier rapport a mes amis_, Paris, Librairie Societaire, 1857.

_European Colonization in Texas; An Address to the American People_, New York, 1855.

_Mexique: Quatre Lettres au Maréchal Bazaine_, Bruxelles, 1868.

_The Great West; A New Social and Industrial Life in its Fertile Regions_, New York, 1854.

_Théorie du Droit de Propriete, et du droit au travail_, 1848, N.P. (Bound with Contre M. Argo in Texas University Library.)

_Three Hundred Millions of Dollars saved in Specie by the Meaning of a Word: Letter to Secretary McCulloch from Victor Considerant_ (La Conception, Texas). New York, 1867.

_Dallas County Deeds Record_, Courthouse, Dallas, Texas. (Examined files only from 1852-1870.)

_Dallas Herald_, Dallas, Texas.

Newspaper published in Dallas, not connected with the present paper bearing the same name. Investigated incomplete files, at the University of Texas, covering the period from July 3, 1855, to June 20, 1860.

_Dallas Morning News_, Dallas, Texas, (Examined files only from 1915-1931.)

_Democratie Pacifique_, Paris, France, July 30, 1843.

Newspaper published by the Fourieristes immediately after Fourier's death. Not used in the preparation of this account.

Engels, Friedrick, _Socialism, Utopian and Scientific_, tr. by Edward Aveling ... with a special introduction by the author, Chicago, 1900.

Fourniere, Eugene, _Le Reigne de Louis-Philippe_, 1830-1848, in the _Histoire Socialiste_, 1789-1900, 12 Vols., edited by Jean Jaures, Paris, 1901-1908.

_Galveston News_, Galveston, Texas.

Gammel, H. P. N., _The Laws of Texas_ 1822-1897, Vol. V., Austin, 1898.

Geiser, Samuel Wood, "Naturalists of the Frontier; Julian Reverchon" in _Southwest Review_, XIV (October, 1928, July, 1929), 231-342.

Grandin, A., _Bibliographie Générale des Sciences Juridiques Politiques, Economiques et Sociales de 1800 a 1925_, 3 Vols., Paris, 1926, also supplement for 1926, 1927 and 1928.

Laidler, Harry W., _Socialism in Thought and Action_, New York, 1920.

"Letters of the Governors" (Manuscripts), _State Archives_, Austin, Texas.

Lindsey, Philip, _A History of Greater Dallas and Vicinity_, 2 Vols., Chicago, 1909.

Louis, Paul, _Histoire du Socialism en France de la Revolution a Nos Jours_, Paris, 1925.

Lutz, Esubia, "Almost Utopia," in _Southwest Review_ (October, 1928-July, 1929), Vol. XIV, No. 3, 321-330.

Madison, Charles A., _Critics and Crusaders_, New York, 1948.

Markham, S. F., _A History of Socialism_, London, 1930.

_New York Tribune_, Jan. 1, 1853-1855. New York.

Nordhoff, C., _Communistic Societies of the United States_, New York, 1875.

_Standard_, Clarksville, Texas. Scattered files and a few bound numbers are in the Texas University Library. This paper is sometimes known as the _Northern Standard_.

Olmsted, Frederick Law, _A Journey Through Texas; or, a Saddletrip on the Southwestern Frontier_, with a statistical appendix and map, New York, 1857.

Parker, W. B., _Notes taken during the Expedition Commanded by Capt. R. B. Marcy, U.S.A., through unexplored Texas in the fall of 1854_, Philadelphia, 1856.

Pigon, A. C., _Socialism versus Capitalism_, London, 1938.

Raines, Cadwell Walton, _A Bibliography of Texas_, Austin, Texas, 1896.

_Revue des Deux Mondes_, Paris, France.

Rosengarten, J. G., _French Colonists and Exiles in the United States_, Philadelphia, 1907.

Santerre, George H., _White Cliffs of Dallas, the story of La Réunion, the Old French Colony_, Dallas, 1955.

Santerre, Eloise, _Réunion_, a Translation of Dr. Savardan's _Un Naufrage au Texas_, with an Introduction to Reunion and a Biographical Dictionary of the Settlers (M.A. Thesis). Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 1936.

Savardan, Dr. Augustin, _Un Naufrage au Texas, Observations et Impressions et a Travers Les Etas-Unis d'Amerique_, Paris, 1858, Garnier Freres, Libraires-Editeurs.

Shuler, Ellis W., "The Geology of Dallas County," in _University of Texas Bulletin_, No. 1818, March 25, 1918.

Sneed, Preston, "Letter Signed by Napoleon is in Dallas" in the _Dallas Morning News_, Feature section, Sunday, May 8, 1927.

_State Gazette_, Austin, Texas.

Studer, Hermann, _Auswanderung nach hoch--Texas, Was wir in Texas wollen; andeutungen ueber Organization der Arbeit_, Zurich, 1855.

_Texas--issued by the Houston and Texas as Central Railway Co._ Land Department. N.P.N.D.

Texas Land Office, _Records_, State Archives, Austin, Texas.

_Texas State Gazette_, Austin, Texas.

_Texas State Times_, Austin, Texas.

Vincent, Louella Styles, "The Story of Old French Town," _Dallas Morning News_, Nov. 23, 1919.

INDEX

A Abolitionists, 76, 77 Adair, W., 82 Aims of the colony, 49 Allen, John, 33, 37, 68, 96 _Allgemeine Zeitung_, 25 Austin, 44, 99, 108 _Austin State Gazette_ (_Texas State Gazette_), 67, 69, 71-72, 76-78, 83, 94 Azores, 88

B Belgium, 23, 25, 44, 52, 62, 96 Blanc, Louis, 9 Blummer, 112 Bourland and Manion, letter of recommendation, 40 Brisbane, Albert, 17, 25, 29-33, 54, 85, 100, 111 Brussels, 85, 87, 91 Bryan, 84, 88 Bureau, Allyre, 93 Bussy, A. M., 98, 108-110

C Cantagrel, Francçois, 85-86, 96, 103, 104, 108 Capitalism, definition, 11, 55-56, 58 Carcassonne, 87 Castroville, 99 Cement City, 95 Chapelle-Guagain, 87 Chateau-Renault, 87 Choctaw Agency, 39 Cincinnati, 38, 86, 95 Colonists, 85-86, 89-94 Communism, 28, 48, 58 Considerant, Victor Prosper, birth and life, 21; escape, 25; contributions, 25-29; first trip to U.S.A., 35ff.; trip to Texas, ii; ideas concerning Texas, 40-44; return to Europe, 44; ideas on colonization, iii; leading attacks, 64-66; attitude toward slavery, 77-78; plans suicide, 109; departed in secret, 109. Co-operative kitchen, 103-104 Cousin, M., 87, 114

D Dallas, 41, 61, 89, 93, 95, 111 Dallas County, 92, 93, 96, 102; courts, 111. _Dallas Herald_, 67, 75 Daly, M. Cesar, 95 _Démocratie Pacifique_, 23-24, 25 De Morse, Major, 40 Dickson (of Red River), 82 Dwight, John S., 33

E Engels, Frederic, 10-14 Erie (Lake), 42 European-American Colonization Society in Texas, 82, 84, 96, 102 Evans, W. M., 82 Experiment in Texas, 48

F Fort Belknap, 98 Fort Graham, 41, 44 Fort Smith, 38, 39 Fort Worth, 41, 42; soldiers in, 42, 63, 96 Fourier, Charles Francois, photograph 1; 14, 17; birth and life, 18; teachings, 19-20; writings, 18, 21; idea tested, 22; death, 22. Fourierism, 17, 23, 30, 32-33, 111 Free-soilers, 76

G Galveston, 88, 89, 91 _Galveston News_, 67, 74 Godain-Lemaire, 52, 54 Goetsel, Philip, proposed colony, 90 Godwin, Parke, 33 Gouhenans, M., 41, 95 Greeley, Horace, 33, 75, 78 Gregg, G. G., 82 Guillon, Charles Francois, 52

H Harrison County, 82 Houston, 89, 90, 93, 96, 98, 114

J James, Henry, 33

K Kingsley, Charles, 10 Knight, James, 96 Know-Nothing Party, 64, 65-66, 107

L _La Reunion_, founders, 15, 17, 91, 93; population, 94, 95, 97; remains, 101-102 La Salle, Saint Jean-Baptiste, 10 Lechevalier, Jules, 26 Long, Ben, 93 Lowell, James Russell, 33, 36

M McDade, Senator, 84 Macy, Captain, 37, 63 Marx, Karl, 14 Merrill, Major, 42, 62, 63 Muiron, Just, 18, 21, 22, 26

N Napoleon, 25 Napoleon III, 91 _National Intelligencer_, 86 New Harmony, 12, 14 New Orleans, 52, 88, 89, 91 Newton, 111 New York City, 35, 38, 44, 52, 107, 111 _New York Tribune_, 67, 75, 77, 79 _Northern Standard_, 75 Nuremberg, 88

O Owen, Robert, 9, 12-14

P Paget, Amedee, 22 Paris, 28 Pellarin, 22 Pendleton, 111 _Phalanstére_, 22, 23, 26 Phalansterians, 22, 49, 99 Phlange (phalanx), 19-20, 22, 23, 36 Philippe, Louis, 25 Preston (Texas), 39-40

R Raizant, M. M., 90, 113 _Reforme Industrielle_, 23, 26 Remond, Emile, 92 Renaud, 22 Reverchon, Julien, 91-92 Rodbertus, Johann, 10 Roger, 85, 86, 95, 113

S Saint-Simon, school, 25, 29 San Antonio, 44, 99, 108, 110 Santa Fe, 37, 61 Santerre, François, 92, 113-114 Savardan, 87-88, 90, 91, 98, 114 Shaw, Francis G., 33 Socialism, definition, 10-11; types, 11-12; Marxian, 11; Utopian, 12; 14, 31 _Société de colonisation_, 52; articles of incorporation, 53-55; concerning capital, 56-57; groups within, 57-58; cooperation with other societies, 59-60; center of commerce, 61; incorporation, 82-84, 96 _Standard_ (_Northern Standard_), 75 _State Gazette_ (_Texas State Gazette_) Texas, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49, 54, 63

T Texas settlers, character, 43-44 _Texas State Gazette_, see _Austin State Gazette_ _Texas State Times_, 67, 73 Trinity River, 33, 41, 95

U Ureidag, 93 Uvalde County, 98-99; 108

V Vigoureaux, Mme. Clarisse, 21-22, 92

W Wakefield method, 48 Washington, D. C., 63, 70 _Washington Sentinel_, 67, 69, 76 Whittier, John G., 33

Y Young, Arthur, 23

Z Zurich (Switzerland), 93

LA REUNION, A French Settlement in Texas, by W. J. and Margaret F. Hammond, is the story of one of the great romantic attempts to settle Texas. It is also the failure of several hundred Europeans to realize their dreams.

This venture was led by Victor Prosper Considerant who headed a group of several hundred colonists that came to the Dallas-Fort Worth area in 1855 to establish La Reunion a few miles west of Dallas, Texas.

Considerant intended this colony to be an experiment. However, those who joined him thought in terms of actual accomplishments. Most of the colonists were college graduates. Many of them were professional people who were successful in European countries. They knew nothing of Texas Frontier life and were not prepared for the heavy demands the climate would make upon their existence. Even though these factors contributed to the disintegration of the colony and experiment, the chief reason for failure was the contrast of this socialistic dream with an unlimited capitalism.

While La Reunion is a product of historical research, the authors have related the story in an interesting, brisk style. The gathering of all footnotes on specific pages instead of placing them at the bottom of each page will be found to be more convenient in research.

Transcriber's Notes

--Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

--Corrected a few palpable typos.

--In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.