Chapter 16

_Odes et Poésies diverses_. Paris, 1822. The volume contains several poems not found in subsequent editions. _Han d'lslande_, novel. Paris, 1823. _La Muse française_, begun in 1823, ended in July, 1824. It contains several articles by Hugo. _Odes et Ballades_, 2nd volume. Paris, 1824. _Relation d'un voyage au Mont Blanc_. Paris, 1825. The MS. was sold to a publisher, but never published. _Bug-Jargal_, novel. Paris, 1826. _Odes_, 3rd volume. Paris, 1826. _Cromwell_, drama. Paris, 1827. _Les Orientales_. Paris, 1828 (December). _Le Dernier Jour d'un condamné_. Paris, 1829 (January). _Marion Delormé_. Paris, 1829. Not acted until 1830. _Hernani, ou l'honneur castillan_, drama. Paris, 1829. Acted for the first time on February 26, 1830. _Notre-Dame de Paris_. Paris, 1831 (March 15). _Les Feuilles d'automne_. Paris, 1831. _Le Roi s'amuse_, drama. Paris, 1832. _Lucrèce Borgia_, drama. Paris, 1833. _Marie Tudor_, drama. Paris, 1833. _Les Chants du crépuscule_. Paris, 1835. _Angelo_, drama. Paris, 1835. _Les Voix intérieures_. Paris, 1837. _Ruy Blas_, drama. Paris, 1838. _Les Rayons et les Ombres_. Paris, 1840. _Le Rhin_. Paris, 1842. It is divided into three parts: _Les Lettres_, _La Légende du beau Pécopin et de la belle Bauldour_, _Conclusion politique_. _Les Burgraves_, trilogy. Paris, 1843. _Napoléon le Petit_. Brussels, 1852. _Les Chátiments_. Geneva, 1853. _Les Contemplations_. Paris, 1856. _La Légende des siécles_. First Series. Paris, 1859. _Les Misérables_. Paris, 1862. _William Shakespeare_. Paris, 1864. _Les Chansons des rues et des bois_. Paris, 1865. _Les Travailleurs de la mer_. Paris, 1866. _L'Homme qui rit_, novel. Paris, 1869. _L'Année terrible_. Paris, 1872. _Quatre-vingt-treize_, novel. Paris, 1873. _La Légende des siécles_. Second Series. Paris, 1877. _L'Art d'être grand-père_. Paris, 1877. _L'Histoire d'un crime_. Paris, 1877. It was written at Brussels soon after the _coup d'état_ of 1851, but not published until 1877, when the Republic was in danger. _Le Pape_. Paris, 1878. _La Pitié suprême_. Paris, 1879. _L'Ane_. Paris, 1880. _Religions et Religion_, poems. Paris, 1880. _Les Quatre Vents de l'Esprit_. Paris, 1881. _Torquemada_. Paris, 1882. _La Légende des siècles_. Third Series. Paris, 1883.

II

POSTHUMOUS WORKS.

_Le Théâtre en liberté_. Paris, 1886. _La Fin de Satan_, poem. Paris, 1886. _Choses vues_, a sort of diary. Paris, 1887. _Toute la Lyre_. Paris, 1888. _Extraits de la correspondance de Victor Hugo_. Paris, 1888.

III

Besides these works Hugo wrote many articles, some of which appeared subsequently in complete editions of his works. The most remarkable of these are _Journal des idées, des opinions et des lectures dun jeune Jacobite_. 1819.

_Les Destins de la Vendée_. 1819. _Sur Walter Scott_. 1823. _Sur Lord Byron_ (à propos de sa mort). 1824. _Guerre aux démolisseurs_. 1825-32. _Journal des idées et des opinions d'un révolutionnaire de 1830_. _Sur Mirabeau_. 1834. _La Libération du territoire_. 1873. Many political articles, speeches, and prefaces.

IV

STUDY AND CRITICISM.

The studies and criticisms on Hugo form a large and ever-increasing library. The most remarkable among them are the following:

SAINTE-BEUVE. _Critiques et Portraits littéraires_. Articles on Victor Hugo. 1832. GUSTAVE PLANCHE. _Nouveaux portraits littéraires_. Studies and criticisms on some of Hugo's plays. 1832-8. _Revue des Deux Mondes_, passim. Articles by Gustave Planche, A. Fontaney, and Charles Magnin. CHARLES ASSELINEAU. _Mélanges d'une bibliothèque romantique_. 1867. LEONARD DE LOMÉNIE. _Galerie des contemporains illustres_. Vol. I. 1879. GUSTAVE DESSOFFY (le comte). _Discours sur la vie littéraire de Victor Hugo_. 1845. ELISA CHEVALIER. _La Vérité sur Victor Hugo_. 1850. EUGÈNE DE MIRECOURT. _Victor Hugo_. 1854. HIPPOLYTE CASTILLE. _Victor Hugo_. A. MAZURE. _Les Poètes contemporains_. ERNEST HAMEL. _Victor Hugo_. 1860. ALFRED NETTEMENT. _Victor Hugo_. 1862. MADAME VICTOR HUGO. _Victor Hugo, raconté par un témoin de sa vie_. 2 vols. 1863. PAUL DE SAINT-VICTOR. _Victor Hugo_. 1885. E. Dupuis. _Victor Hugo, l'homme et le poète_. 1897. PETIT DE JULLEVILLE. _Histoire de la littérature française_. 1894-1900. CH. RENOUVIER. _Victor Hugo, le Poète et le philosophe_. 2 vols. 1900. A. SLEUMER. _Die Dramen von Hugo_. Berlin, 1901. GASTON DESCHAMPS. _Conférences sur Victor Hugo_. 1898. ÉMILE FAGUET. _Histoire de la littérature française_. 1900.

And a host of articles by such critics as Émile Montégut, Émile Augier, Edmond Scherer, without speaking of the innumerable notes and criticisms which have appeared on Hugo and his work in daily papers and periodicals both in France and in foreign countries.

V.

PORTRAITS.

These are extremely numerous, but previously to 1851, that is, before Hugo left France, they all represent him as a clean-shaven man. After his exile Hugo grew a beard, hence the alteration so noticeable in the portraits subsequent to 1851.

The portrait chosen represents Hugo in his youth, at the time of the first appearance of _Notre-Dame de Paris_.