Chapter 18

TABLES OF CLASSES, PHRATRIES, ETC.

In order to facilitate reference and to diminish the necessity for footnotes a survey of classes and phratries is here given. It will be well to explain how they are arranged.

In the two-phratry system the rule of intermarriage is clear; a man of phratry _A_ marries a woman of phratry _B_ and _vice versa_. The direct descent of the kinship name is obviously the rule.

The four classes are arranged according to the phratries; the normal rule is that a man _A1_ marries _B1_, _A2_ marries _B2_; their children are in matrilineal tribes _A2_ and _B2_, in patrilineal _B2_ and _A2_. In the patrilineal Mara and Anula, by exception, the rule of descent is direct; it will be remembered that a dichotomy of the classes prevails, so that they really belong to the eight-class system.

In the eight-class system and among the nominally four-class southern Arunta the intermarriage and descent is as follows, according to Spencer and Gillen;

_A1_ _B1_ ------ = _A4_, ------ = _B3_, _B1_ _A1_

_A_2 _B2_ ------ = _A3_, ------ = _B4_, _B2_ _A2_

_A3_ _B3_ ------ = _A2_, ------ = _B1_, _B3_ _A3_

_A4_ _B4_ ------ = _B4_, ------ = _B2_. _B4_ _A4_

In each case the male is the numerator, the woman the denominator, and the = shows the child.

Tribes with conterminous territories usually know what phratries and classes are equivalent in their systems. In the tables which follow the phratries and the classes of matrilineal tribes are arranged to show this correspondence so far as it is known. A * shows that no information on the point is to hand. A rearrangement of patrilineal classes is necessary to make them equivalent to the organisations of matrilineal tribes; this cannot be shown in the tables; but full details will be found in the works of Spencer and Gillen. A † indicates patrilineal descent.

Where the names of phratries and classes are translated, the meanings are shown in the tables; where the authorities do not give the translation but a word of the same form is in use in the tribe or group of tribes the meanings are given in round brackets; words in use in neighbouring tribes are put in square brackets.

TABLE I.

_The Class Names._

_Class names_ _Feminine_ _Meaning_ I. Muri (Bya)[48] Matha (Red kangaroo) Kubi Kubitha (Opossum) Kumbo (Wōmbee)[49] Butha Ipai Ipatha (Eaglehawk)

These class names are found in the following tribes:

Kamilaroi (Howitt, p. 107); Wiradjeri (_ib._ 107); Wonghi (_ib._ 108); Euahlayi (Mrs L. Parker, _Euahlayi Tribe_, p. 13); Ngeumba (Mathews in _Eth. Notes_, p. 5); Murawari (_id._ in _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, 1906, 55); Moree (_R.G.S. Qu._ X, 20); Turribul (_R.S. Vict._ I, 102); Wollaroi (Howitt, 109); on Narran R. (Curr, I, 117); Pikumbul (_ib._); Unghi (Howitt, 217); Peechera (Curr, III, 271); Wailwun (_ib._ I, 116); Wonnaruah (_Sci. Man_, I, 180); Geawegal (Howitt, 266).

Associated with these class names are the following phratry names:

(_a_) Kamilaroi, etc. Dilbi Kupathin (_b_) Wiradjeri to N. of Budthurung Mukula Lachlan (_c_) Wonghibon Ngielbumurra Mukumurra (Howitt) (_d_) " & Ngeumba {Ngumbun Ngurrawan (Mathews) {Numbun (_e_) Euahlayi Gwaigullean Gwaimudthen (_f_) Murawari Girrana Merugulli

_Class names_ _Feminine_ II. Kurbo Kooran Marro Kurgan Wombo Wirrikin Wirro Wongan

The proper arrangement of these names is unknown.

_Tribe_: Kombinegherry (_J.A.I._ XIII, 304; Howitt, 105).

_Science of Man_ (IV, 8) gives:

Carribo Gooroona Maroongah Carrigan Womboongah Werrican Weiro Warganbah

For the Anaywan, Thangatty, etc., R.H. Mathews gives (_J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXI, 169):

Irpoong Matyang Marroong Arrakan Imboong Irrakadena Irroong Palyang

_Class name (Fem. termination, -an or -gan)_ _Meaning_ III†[50]. Parang (Moroon) (Black wallaby. Emu) Bunda [Kangaroo] Balgoin (Banjoor, (Red wallaby. Native Pandur) bear) Theirwain (Kangaroo)

_Tribes_: Maryborough tribes (Howitt, 117); Kabi (Curr, III, 163): Kiabara (_J.A.I._ XIII, 305); ? (Hodgson, 212; Mathew, _Eaglehawk_, 100); Wide Bay (Curr, I, 117).

For the Emon, Howitt (p. 109) gives:

Barah Bondan Bondurr Taran

With these classes are associated the phratries:

(_a_) The Maryborough tribes Dilbi Kupathin. and the Kiabara (_b_) Dippil Deeajee Karpeun

are the forms given by Mathews (_Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXVIII, 329).

_Class names (Fem. termination, -an)_ _Meaning_ IV. Karilbura Barrimundi Munal Hawk Kurpal Good water Kuialla (Koodala) Iguana

_Tribes_: Kuinmurbura (_J.A.I._ XIII, 341; Howitt, 111). The Taroombul have the form Koodala (_Proc. R.S. Qu._ XIII, 41).

For the Kangulu, Mathews (_J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXIII, 111) gives:

Banniar[51] Banjoor Koorpal Kearra

With these may be compared Howitt's (p. 111):

Kairawa Bunjur Bunya Jarbain (? Tarbain)

The phratries associated with these are:

_Tribe_ (_a_) Kuinmurbura Witteru Yungaru (_b_) Kangulu Wutthuru Yungnuru

_Class names_ _Fem. termination_ _Meaning_ V. Wongo Kubaru (Ubur, Obu) -an (Gidea tree) Bunburi (Anbeir, Unburri, Bunbai) Koorgilla (Urgilla)

_Tribes_: Ungorri (Howitt, 109); Kogai (Curr, I, 117; _J.A.I._ XIII, 337); Yuipera etc. (Curr, III, 45, 64; _J.A.I._ XIII, 302); Akulbura, Bathalibura (Howitt, 113, 141); Wakelbura (Howitt, 112); on Belyando (Curr, III, 26); Dalebura (Howitt, 113), Buntamurra (Howitt, 113, 226); Purgoma (Roth, 66); Jouon (_ib._ 67); Pitta-Pitta, Goa, Miorli (Roth, 56-7); Ringa-Ringa (_J.A.I._ XIII, 337); Mittakoodi (Roth, 56-7); Woonamurra (_ib._); Yerunthully (Mathews in _R.G.S. Qu._ X, 30); Badieri (_id. ib._ 1905, 55).

With these class names are associated the phratries

(_a_) Kogai, Wakelbura etc. Wuthera Mallera (_b_) Yuipera, Bathalibura Wootaroo Yungaroo (_c_) Purgoma Naka Tunna (_d_) Jouon Chepa Junna (_e_) Pitta-Pitta etc., Ootaroo Pakoota Mittakoodi, Woonamura (_f_) Badieri Wootaroo Yungo

Aberrant forms, probably inaccurate, are given by Curr (II, 424) for Halifax Bay: Korkoro, Korkeen, Wongo, Wotero; by Lumholtz (p. 199) for the Herbert R.: Gorilla, Gorgero, Gorgorilla, Otero, by Curr (II, 468) for the Yukkaburra: Utheroo, Multheroo, Yungaroo, Goorgilla.

On the Tully R. Roth (_Ethn. Bull._ V, 20) found the following:

_Class names_ VI. Karavangi Chikun Kurongon Kurkilla

With these may be compared the names given by Mathews for the Warkeman (_J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXII, 109, 251):

Karpungie Cheekungie Kellungie Koopungie

On the Annan R. we find (Howitt, 118) with male descent:

_Class names_ _Meaning_ VII. Wandi Eaglehawk Walar Bee Jorro Bee Kutchal Saltwater Eaglehawk

With these are associated the phratries:

(_a_) Walar Murla

VIII. Ranya (Arenia) Rara (Arara) Loora Awunga (Arawongo)

_Tribes_: Wollongurma (Roth, 68); Goothanto (Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXIII, 109).

Connected with these forms are:

_Class names_ Barry (Ahjereena) Ararey (Arrenynung) Jury [? Loory] (Perrynung) Mungilly (Mahngal) [diamond snake][52]

_Tribes_: Koogobathy (_J.A.I._ XIII, 303); Koonjan etc. (Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXIII, 110, XXXIV, 135). Probably Perrynung and Ahjereenya should be transposed.

_Class names_ _Feminine_ IX. Jimmilingo Carburungo Badingo Ngarrangungo Maringo[53] Munjungo Youingo (Kapoodungo) Goothamungo

_Tribes_: Miappe (Roth, 56-7); Mycoolon (_J.A.I._ XIII, 302); Workoboongo (Roth, _ib._).

For the Kalkadoon, Roth (_ib._) gives:

Kunggilungo Patingo Toonbeungo Marinungo[53]

With these are associated the phratries:

(_a_) Kalkadoon Ootaroo Mullara (_b_) Miappe Woodaroo Pakutta

_Class names_ X. Murungun Mumbali Purdal Kuial

_Tribe_: Mara (_Northern Tribes_, 119).

With these the phratry names:

(_a_) Urku Ua

In this tribe is male descent, and, as in the S. Arunta, the classes are themselves divided; for equivalence the numbers of the eight-class system are arranged (_Nor. Tr._ 123), 1, 4; 3, 2; 5, 7; 6, 8.

Leichardt (_Journal_, 447) reports from the Roper R., Gnangball, Odall, Nurumball, which from their form seem to be class names and identifiable with some of the Mara names.

_Class names_ XI. Awukaria Roumburia Urtalia Wialia

_Tribe_: Anula (_Nor. Tr._ 119).

XII. For the eight-class system see Table I a; in which it is assumed that patrilineal descent prevails in all the tribes.

With these are associated the following phratries:

(_a_) Umbaia, Gnanji Illitchi Liaritchi (_b_) Warramunga, Walpari, Uluuru Kingilli Wulmala (_c_) Worgaia " Bimgaru (_d_) Bingongina Wiliuku Liaraku

Spencer and Gillen, _Nor. Tr._ pp. 100-102, 119. On p. 102 is a statement about the Bingongina inconsistent with that on the following page; according to the former the phratry names are Illitchi, Liaritchi, as among the Umbaia.

_Class names_ XIII. Panunga Bulthara Purula Kumara

_Tribe_: S. Arunta (_Nat. Tr._ 90).

XIII_a_. Deringara Gubilla Koomara Belthara

_Tribe_: Yoolanlanya etc. (_R.G.S. Qu._ XVI, 75).

The arrangement suggests that matrilineal descent prevails, but there is probably some error.

_Class names_ XIII_b_. Burong (Parungo) Ballieri (Parajerri; Butcharrie) Banaka (Boogarloo) Kymerra (Kaiamba)

_Tribes_: Gnamo, Gnalluma (_Int. Arch._ XVI, 12); Nickol Bay and Kimberley have the alternative forms of 1, 2, and 4 (Curr, I, 296; _Kamilaroi_, 36, Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXV, 220), Weedokarry (_id._ in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXIX, 89) have third form of 2; at Murchison R. Boorgarloo comes into use (_West Australian_, Ap. 7, 1906).

_Class names_ _Meaning_ XIV. Tondarup (Namyungo) Fish hawk Didaruk Sea Ballaruk (Yangor) (Opossum) Naganok (Fish)

_Tribes_: S.W. Australia, Tarderick etc. (_West. Aust._, _loc. cit._; Moore, _Desc. Voc._, _Col. Mag._ V, 422.

The phratries are

(_a_) Wartungmat Munichmat

The equivalence is unknown.

_Class names_ XV. Langenam Namegor Packwicky Pamarung

_Tribe_: Joongoongie of N. Queensland (Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXIX, 93).

Associated with them the phratries:

(_a_) Jamagunda Gamanutta

The equivalence is unknown.

_Class names_ _Meaning_ XVI. Kari Emu Waui Red kangaroo Wiltu Eaglehawk Wilthuthu Shark

_Tribe_: Narrangga of Yorke Peninsula (Howitt, p. 130).

FOOTNOTES:

[48] The Darkinung have Bya for Muri (_J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXI, 170).

[49] Some of the Wiradjeri have Wōmbee for Kumbo (Gribble, 113).

[50] Male descent.

[51] Some of the names given by Howitt and Mathews seem to be identical with those of the Kiabara, but there is a difficulty about the arrangement, for Koorpal-Keeara=Yungnuru=Bunya-Jarbain; but Banniar, which seems to be the same as Bunya, falls in the other moiety.

[52] Curr, II, 478.

[53] Marinungo seems to be the same as Maringo but is not equivalent.

TABLE I a: XII. CLASS NAMES OF EIGHT-CLASS TRIBES.

+---------------------+ +-------------------------------------------------+ -|----------+----------|-+-|----------+-----------+------------+-------------|-+ Oolawunga | Bingongina | Umbaia[56] | Yookala | Binbinga |Gnanji[59] | [54] etc. | [55] | | [57] etc. | [58] | | ------------+------------+------------+-----------+------------+---------------+ Janna | Thama } | Tjinum |Jinagoo |Tjuanaku |Uanuku | _Nanakoo_ | Tchana} | _Ninum_ | |_Niriuma_ |_Nuanakurna_ | | _Nana_ | | | | | | | | | | | Jimidya | Tjimita | Tjulum |Joolanjegoo|Tjulantjuka |Tjulantjuka | _Namaja_ | _Namita_ | _Nulum_ | | _Nurlum_ |_Nurlanjukurna_| | | | | | | Dhalyeree | Thalirri | Paliarinji |Bullaranjee|Paliarinji |Paliarinji | | _Nalirri_ | _Paliarina_| |_Paliarina_ |_Paliarina_ | | | | | | | Dhongaree | Thungarie | Pungarinji |Bungaranjee|Pungarinji |Pungarinji | | _Nungari_ |_Pungarinia_| |_Pungarina_ |_Pungarinia_ | | | | | | | Joolama | Tjurla | Tjurulum |Jooralagoo |Tjurulum |Uralaku | _Nowala_ | _Nala_ | _Nurulum_ | | _Nurulum_ |_Nuralakurna_ | | | | | | | Jungalla | Thungalla | Thungallum |Jungalagoo |Thungallum |Thungallaku | | _Nungalla_ | _Nungallum_| | _Nungallum_|_Nungallakurna_| | | | | | | Jeemara | Tjimara | Tjamerum |Jameragoo |Tjamerum |Tjameraku | | _Nunalla_ |_Niameragun_| | _Niamerum_ |_Niamaku_ | | | | | | | Jambijana | Tjambitjina| Yakomari |Yukamurra |Yakomari |Yakomari | _Nambean_ |_Nambitjina_| _Yakomarin_| |_Yakomarina_|_Yakomarina_ | ------------+------------+------------+-----------+------------+---------------+

+--------------------------------------+ -|----------+--------------+------------|-+-------------+-----------------+ Worgaia[60]| Yangarella | Inchalachie | Yungmunnie | Tjingillie[64] | | [61] | [62] | [63] | | ------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------+ Wairgu | Narrabalangie|{Narrabalangie| Unwannee | Thamininja | | _Neonammer_ |{Warkie | _Imbannee_ | _Namininja_ | | | | | | Blaingunjhu| Bolangie | Bolangie | Eemitch | Tjimininja | | _Nolangmer_ | | _Immadena_ | _Truminginja_ | | | | | | Biliarinthu| Bulleringie | Belyeringie | Uwallaree | Thalaringinja | | _Nulyarammer_| | _Imballaree_| _Nalaringinja_ | | | | | | | | | | | Pungarinju | Bongaringie | Beneringie | Uwungaree | Thungaringinta | | _Nongarimmer_| | _Imbongaree_| _Namaringinta_ | | | | | | Warrithu | Burralangie |{Burralangie | Urwalla | Tjurulinginja | | _Nurralammer_|{Narechie | _Imbawalla_ | _Nalinginja_ | | | | | | Kingelunju | Kunuller | Kungilla | Yungalla | Thungallininja | | _Nungalermer_| | _Inkagalla_ | _Nalangininja_ | | | | | | Tjameramu | Kommerangie |{Kommerangie | Unmarra | Thamaringinja | | _Nemurammer_ |{Boonongoona | _Inganmarra_| _Namaringinja_ | | | | | | Ikamaru | Yakomari |{Akamaroo | Tabachin | Tjapatjinginja | | _Jumeyunyie_ |{Thimmermill | _Tabadenna_ | _Nambitjinginja_| ------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------------+

+----------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ {Ilpirra[65] |{Warramunga[66] | Meening[67] | Mayoo[68] | Koorangie | {Arunta |{Walpari | | | [69] etc.| {Kaitish |{Wulmala | | | | {Iliaura | | | | | ---------------+----------------+-------------+------------+-----------+ Panunga | Thapanunga | Chowan | Chinuma | Janna | | _Napanunga_ | _Nowana_ | _Nanagoo_ | _Nanakoo_ | | | | | | Uknaria | Tjinguri | Choongoora | Choongoora | Jamada | | _Namigili_ | _Nangili_ | _Narbeeta_ | | | | | | | {Bulthara | Tjapeltjeri | Chavalya | Chavalya | Dhalyeree | {Kabidgi | _Naltjeri_ | _Nanajerry_ | _Nabajerry_| | _Appitchana_ | | | | | | | | | | Appungerta | Thapungarti | Chowarding | Changary | Dhungaree | | _Napungerta_ | _Nabungati_ | _Nhermana_ | | | | | | | Purula | Tjupila | Chooara | Choolima | Joolam | | _Naralu_ | _Nooara_ | _Naola_ | | | | | | | Ungalla | Thungalla | Changally | Chungalla | Jungalla | | _Nungalla_ | _Nangally_ | _Nungalla_ | | | | | | | Kumara | Thakomara | Chagarra | Chapota | Jameram | |_Nakomara_ | _Nagarra_ | _Nemira_ | | | | | | | Umbitchana | Tjambin | Chambeen | Chambijana | Jummiunga | | _Nambin_ | _Nambeen_ | _Nambjana_ | | ---------------+----------------+-------------+------------+-----------+

FOOTNOTES:

[54] Mathews in _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, X, 72.

[55] _Northern Tribes_, 101.

[56] _Ib._, 100, cf. _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXIV, 121; XXXIX, 105.

[57] Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._, XXXVIII, 77.

[58] _Northern Tribes_, 111.

[59] _Northern Tribes_, 101.

[60] _Northern Tribes_, 101.

[61] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXII, 251.

[62] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXIII, 111.

[63] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXIV, 130.

[64] _Northern Tribes_, 100; cf. _Am. Anth._, N.S. II, 495; _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, XVI, 72, 73.

[65] _Native Tribes_, 90; cf. _Proc. R.S. Vict._, N.S. X, 19; _T.R.S.S.A._, XIV, 224; _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXII, 72.

[66] _Northern Tribes_, 100; cf. _J.A.I._, XVIII, 44; _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXII, 73.

[67] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._, XXXIII, 112; XXXV, 217.

[68] Mathews in _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, XVI, 70.

[69] Mathews in _Am. Phil. Soc._, XXXVIII, 78.

TABLE II.

_Phratry Names._

_Phratries_ _Meanings_ _Name of Tribe_ 1. †Waa(ng) Crow Wurunjerri[70] Bunjil or Wrepil Eaglehawk 2. Yuckembruk " Ngarrego[71] Merung 3. Umbe Crow Wolgal[72] etc. Malian or Multa Eaglehawk 4. Muquara " Berriait[73], Tatathi[74], Kilpara Wathi-Wathi[74], Keramin[75], Waimbio[76], Barkinji[77], Milpulko[78], Wilya[78], Itchumundi[79] 5. Kumit (Gamutch, Black cockatoo Kaputch, Kulitch) Kroki (Krokitch, White cockatoo Booandik[80], Wotjoballuk[81], Krokage) Gournditchmara[82] etc.

The feminine terminations are -egor, -gurk or -jarr.

For South-West Victoria Dawson (_Aborigines_, p. 26) gives two groups and an odd totem kin (?):

_Phratries_ _Meaning_ _Name of Tribe_

6. Kuurokeetch Longbilled cockatoo Kartpoerappa Pelican Kappatch Banksia cockatoo Kirtuuk Boa snake Kuunamit Quail 7. Kararu (Kiraru, Dieri[83], Parnkalla & Nauo[84], Kararawa) Yandairunga[85], Urabunna[86] Matteri 8. Tinewa Yandrawontha, Yowerawarika[87] Koolpuru (? Emu) 9. Yungo (? Kangaroo) Mattera Kurnandaburi[88] 10. Kookoojeeba Koocheebinga Geebera[89]

The equivalence is not known.

11. Koorabunna Kooragula Goonganji[90]

_Phratry_

12. Darboo* Bloomfield River[91] Tooar

*The equivalence is unknown.

_Phratry names._ _Four-class system_ _Meaning_ 20. Dilbi Kupathin Ia, III† 21. Budthurung(1) Mukula Ib (1)=black duck 22. Gwaigullean Gwaimudthen Ie Light blood; dark blood 23. Ngielbumurra Mukumurra Ic 24. Ngumbun Ngurrawan Id 25. Girana Merugulli If 26. Deeajee Karpeun IIIb 27. Witteru Yungaru IVa, b; Vb (? Kangaroo; ? emu) 27_a_. " Yungo Vf 28. " Mallera Va, IXa 29. " Pakoota Ve, IXb 30. Naka Tunna Vc 31. Walar Murla* VIIa Bee; bee 32. Cheepa Junna Vd 33. Jamagunda Gamanutta* XIa 34. Wartungmat Munichmat* XIVa Crow; white cockatoo

_Eight-class system_† 40. Illitchi Liaritchi XIIa 41. Uluuru Biingaru XIIc (? Curlew) 42. " Kingilli XIIb (? Curlew) 43. Wiliuku Liaraku XIId 44. Urku Ua Xa

FOOTNOTES:

[70] Howitt, p. 126.

[71] _Id._ p. 101.

[72] _Id._ p. 102, Lang, _Secret_, p. 163.

[73] Curr, II, 165.

[74] _J.A.I._ XIII, 338; Howitt, p. 195.

[75] _J.A.I._ XIV, 349.

[76] Taplin, p. 17; Howitt, p. 100.

[77] _J.A.I._ XIV, 348; Curr, II, 188, 195.

[78] Howitt, p. 98.

[79] _Id._ p. 106 n. For the Kurnai, Bunjil and Ngarregal were perhaps phratry names (Howitt, p. 135).

[80] Curr, III, 461; Howitt, p. 123.

[81] _Id._ p. 121.

[82] _Id._ p. 124.

[83] Howitt, p. 91.

[84] Woods, p. 222.

[85] Howitt, p. 187.

[86] _Nor. Tr._ p. 60.

[87] Howitt, p. 97.

[88] Howitt, p. 92; Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXIII, 108.

[89] Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXIX, 187.

[90] _Sci. Man_, I. 84; Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXIX, 89; in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ he reports a third name in certain districts--Koorameenya.

[91] Mathews in _Proc. Am. Phil. Soc._ XXXIX, 89.

TABLE III.

Allusion has been made in Chapter III to kinship organisations denominated "bloods" and "shades" by Mr R.H. Mathews. Whether it is that some observers have mistaken these for phratries or _vice versâ_, it seems that the names of the two classes of organisation are at present inextricably intermingled, as the following table shows:

_Tribe_ _Phratry_ _Blood_ _Meaning_ Itchmundi[92] Kilpara-Muquara {Mukulo-Ngielpuru †Sluggish and " {Muggula-Ngipuru† swift blood Wiradjeri[93] Mukula-Budthurung Wonghibon[94] Mukumura-Ngiel- bumura Wonghi- }[95] bon and } Ngumbun- Gwaigullimba- ‡Swift and sluggish Ngneumba} Ngurrawan Gwaimudhan‡ blood

Euahlayi[96] Gwaigullean- Light and dark Gwaimudthen blooded

Murawari[97] Girrana-Merugulli Muggulu-Bumbirra§ §Sluggish and swift blood

FOOTNOTES:

[92] Howitt, p. 106 n.; Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ XXXIX, 118.

[93] _Id._ p. 107.

[94] _Id._ p. 108.

TABLE IV.

The areas covered by the different class and phratry names are not co-extensive, that is to say a class is associated with more than one phratry and _vice versâ_. The Undekerebina[98] and Yelyuyendi[99] have phratries (No. 29) which are usually associated with classes but in their case none have been noted. On the other hand it is not uncommon to find classes without the corresponding phratry names; this is the case in the eight class area, among the tribes of N.S. Wales, S. Queensland, etc.; but no special significance attaches to it unless we are certain that it is not the negligence of the observer nor the disuse of the names which has produced this state of things. On the other hand the relation of phratry and class areas is of the highest importance, as is shown in Chapter V. The following table shows the anomalies:

_Tribe_ _Phratry_ _Class_ Wiradjeri 21 I Euahlayi 22 I Ngeumba, Wonghi 23, or 24 I Murawari 25 I Kiabara, etc. 20 III Dippil 26 III Kuinmurbura, Kongulu 27 IV Yuipera, Badieri, Yambeena, etc. 27 V Kogai, Wakelbura, etc. 28 V Woonamura, Mittakoodi, Miorli, etc. 29 V Purgoma 30 V Jouon 32 V Miappe 29 VIII Kalkadoon 28 VIII

FOOTNOTES:

[95] Mathews in _J.R.S.N.S.W._ xxxix, 116. _Eth. Notes_, p. 5.

[96] Mrs Langloh Parker, _Euahlayi Tribe_, p. 11.

[97] Mathews in _Proc. R.G.S. Qu._, 1905, 52.

[98] Rota, p. 56.

[99] Howitt, p. 192.