Kashmir, described by Sir Francis Younghusband, painted by Major E. Molyneux
CHAPTER XIV
THE STORY OF THE MOUNTAINS
Interest of study--Kashmir under the sea--100,000,000 years ago--Kashmir an archipelago--Finally upheaved--Cause of upheaval--History of life--At first no land life--Ferns--The Coal Measures--Great reptiles--Mammals--Kashmir valley a lake--Appearance of man--Reflections on the story--Need to look forward--Creating higher man 251
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
BY MAJOR E. MOLYNEUX, D.S.O.
PAGE
1. Wild Rhododendrons _Frontispiece_
2. Approach to Srinagar 2
3. The Land of Roses 4
4. Mouth of the Sind Valley 6
5. Sunset on the Wular Lake 8
6. Dawn in the Nulla 10
7. Kotwal from the Forest above Kangan, Sind Valley 12
8. Above the Camping-Ground, Sonamarg, Sind Valley 14
9. The Kajnag from Sopur, Early Spring 16
10. Kotwal from near the Dal Darwaza 18
11. The Lull before the Storm, Dal Lake 20
12. Above Lidarwat, Lidar Valley 22
13. Sunset on the Jhelum, above Srinagar 24
14. Spring in Kashmir 26
15. On the Dal Lake in Spring 28
16. Entrance to the Mar Canal 32
17. The Temple, Chenar Bagh 34
18. Ruins of Lalla Rookh's Gardens, Lake Manasbal 36
19. A Ladaki in Summer Costume 52
20. The Valley of Gurais 62
21. Market Boats on the Mar Canal, Srinagar 64
22. Above the Fifth Bridge, Srinagar 66
23. Shawl Merchants' Shops, Third Bridge, Srinagar 68
24. Mosque of Shah Hamadan, Srinagar 70
25. A Hindu Temple, Srinagar 72
26. In the Mar Canal, Srinagar 74
27. Guggribal Pointe on the Dal Lake 76
28. Lotus Lilies on the Dal Lake 78
29. Shalimar Gardens 80
30. The Nishat Bagh 82
31. A Terrace of the Nishat Bagh 84
32. The Residency and Club, Srinagar 88
33. The Takht-i-Suliman, from the Residency Garden 94
34. On the Circular Road, Gulmarg 100
35. In the Forest 102
36. From the Circular Road, Gulmarg 104
37. Gorge of the Sind Valley at Guggangir 108
38. The Frozen Lake, Gangabal 110
39. Early Morning near Pahlgam, Lidar Valley 112
40. The Ruins of Martand 114
41. A Srinagar Bazaar 116
42. A Corner of the Village of Pahlgam, Lidar Valley 128
43. A Mountain Farm-House 130
44. A Boatman and his Family 132
45. Ruins of Temples, Wangat, Sind Valley 134
46. Ruined Gateway of Martand 136
47. Ruined Temples of Avantipur 138
48. Gate of the Outer Wall, Hari Parbat Fort, Srinagar 156
49. At the River's Edge, Srinagar 160
50. Lalla Rookh's Tomb, Hassan Abdal 162
51. Bridge of Burbur Shah, Chenar Bagh, Srinagar 164
52. Spring Floods in the Kutical Canal, Srinagar 166
53. Looking down the Gurais Valley, from Dudhgai Village 168
54. Akbar's Bridge, Karallayar 174
55. The Camping-Ground at Lidarwat 198
56. A Wayside Shrine 202
57. Evening on the Dal Lake 210
58. Mount Haramokh, from the Erin Nullah 238
59. A Mountain Glen, before the Melting of the Snows 240
60. Lake Shisha Nag, Lidar Valley 244
61. Distant View of Nanga Parbat, from the Kamri Pass 246
62. Mount Kolahoi, Lidar Valley 248
63. Rampur, Jhelum Valley Road 252
64. In the Sind Valley 254
65. Lake Shisha Nag at Sunset 258
66. The Tannin Glen, Lidar Valley 260
67. Going to the Wedding, Upper Indus Valley 262
68. Mountain Mists 264
69. Near the Kolahoi Glacier, Lidar Valley 266
70. Lake Sinsa Nag, Lidar Valley 270
_Sketch Map of Kashmir at end of Volume._
KASHMIR