Chapter 2

Thus the tempest rocked the virgin, And the billows drove the maiden, O'er the ocean's azure surface, On the crest of foaming billows, Till the wind that blew around her, And the sea woke life within her.

Then she bore her heavy burden, And the pain it brought upon her, Seven long centuries together, Nine times longer than a lifetime. 140 Yet no child was fashioned from her, And no offspring was perfected.

Thus she swam, the Water-Mother, East she swam, and westward swam she, Swam to north-west and to south-west, And around in all directions, In the sharpness of her torment, In her body's fearful anguish; Yet no child was fashioned from her, And no offspring was perfected. 150

Then she fell to weeping gently, And in words like these expressed her: "O how wretched is my fortune, Wandering thus, a child unhappy! I have wandered far already, And I dwell beneath the heaven, By the tempest tossed for ever, While the billows drive me onward. O'er this wide expanse of water, On the far-extending billows. 160

"Better were it had I tarried, Virgin in aerial regions, Then I should not drift for ever, As the Mother of the Waters. Here my life is cold and dreary, Every moment now is painful, Ever tossing on the billows, Ever floating on the water.

"Ukko, thou of Gods the highest, Ruler of the whole of heaven, 170 Hasten here, for thou art needed; Hasten here at my entreaty. Free the damsel from her burden, And release her from her tortures. Quickly haste, and yet more quickly, Where I long for thee so sorely."

Short the time that passed thereafter, Scarce a moment had passed over, Ere a beauteous teal came flying Lightly hovering o'er the water, 180 Seeking for a spot to rest in, Searching for a home to dwell in.

Eastward flew she, westward flew she. Flew to north-west and to southward, But the place she sought she found not, Not a spot, however barren, Where her nest she could establish, Or a resting-place could light on.

Then she hovered, slowly moving, And she pondered and reflected, 190 "If my nest in wind I 'stablish Or should rest it on the billows, Then the winds will overturn it, Or the waves will drift it from me."

Then the Mother of the Waters, Water-Mother, maid aerial, From the waves her knee uplifted, Raised her shoulder from the billows, That the teal her nest might 'stablish, And might find a peaceful dwelling. 200 Then the teal, the bird so beauteous, Hovered slow, and gazed around her, And she saw the knee uplifted From the blue waves of the ocean, And she thought she saw a hillock, Freshly green with springing verdure. There she flew, and hovered slowly, Gently on the knee alighting, And her nest she there established, And she laid her eggs all golden, 210 Six gold eggs she laid within it, And a seventh she laid of iron.

O'er her eggs the teal sat brooding, And the knee grew warm beneath her; And she sat one day, a second, Brooded also on the third day; Then the Mother of the Waters, Water-Mother, maid aerial, Felt it hot, and felt it hotter, And she felt her skin was heated, 220 Till she thought her knee was burning, And that all her veins were melting. Then she jerked her knee with quickness, And her limbs convulsive shaking, Rolled the eggs into the water, Down amid the waves of ocean, And to splinters they were broken, And to fragments they were shattered.

In the ooze they were not wasted, Nor the fragments in the water, 230 But a wondrous change came o'er them, And the fragments all grew lovely. From the cracked egg's lower fragment, Now the solid earth was fashioned, From the cracked egg's upper fragment, Rose the lofty arch of heaven, From the yolk, the upper portion, Now became the sun's bright lustre; From the white, the upper portion, Rose the moon that shines so brightly; 240 Whatso in the egg was mottled, Now became the stars in heaven, Whatso in the egg was blackish, In the air as cloudlets floated.

Now the time passed quickly over, And the years rolled quickly onward, In the new sun's shining lustre, In the new moon's softer beaming. Still the Water-Mother floated, Water-Mother, maid aerial, 250 Ever on the peaceful waters, On the billows' foamy surface, With the moving waves before her, And the heaven serene behind her.

When the ninth year had passed over, And the summer tenth was passing, From the sea her head she lifted, And her forehead she uplifted, And she then began Creation, And she brought the world to order, 260 On the open ocean's surface, On the far extending waters.

Wheresoe'er her hand she pointed, There she formed the jutting headlands; Wheresoe'er her feet she rested, There she formed the caves for fishes; When she dived beneath the water, There she formed the depths of ocean; When towards the land she turned her, There the level shores extended, 270 Where her feet to land extended, Spots were formed for salmon-netting; Where her head the land touched lightly, There the curving bays extended. Further from the land she floated, And abode in open water, And created rocks in ocean, And the reefs that eyes behold not, Where the ships are often shattered, And the sailors' lives are ended. 280

Now the isles were formed already, In the sea the rocks were planted; Pillars of the sky established, Lands and continents created; Rocks engraved as though with figures, And the hills were cleft with fissures. Still unborn was Väinämöinen; Still unborn, the bard immortal.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Rested in his mother's body 290 For the space of thirty summers, And the sum of thirty winters, Ever on the placid waters, And upon the foaming billows.

So he pondered and reflected How he could continue living In a resting-place so gloomy, In a dwelling far too narrow, Where he could not see the moonlight, Neither could behold the sunlight. 300

Then he spake the words which follow, And expressed his thoughts in this wise:

"Aid me Moon, and Sun release me, And the Great Bear lend his counsel, Through the portal that I know not, Through the unaccustomed passage. From the little nest that holds me, From a dwelling-place so narrow, To the land conduct the roamer, To the open air conduct me, 310 To behold the moon in heaven, And the splendour of the sunlight; See the Great Bear's stars above me, And the shining stars in heaven."

When the moon no freedom gave him, Neither did the sun release him, Then he wearied of existence, And his life became a burden. Thereupon he moved the portal, With his finger, fourth in number, 320 Opened quick the bony gateway, With the toes upon his left foot, With his nails beyond the threshold, With his knees beyond the gateway.

Headlong in the water falling, With his hands the waves repelling, Thus the man remained in ocean, And the hero on the billows.

In the sea five years he sojourned, Waited five years, waited six years, 330 Seven years also, even eight years, On the surface of the ocean, By a nameless promontory, Near a barren, treeless country.

On the land his knees he planted, And upon his arms he rested, Rose that he might view the moonbeams, And enjoy the pleasant sunlight, See the Great Bear's stars above him, And the shining stars in heaven. 340

Thus was ancient Väinämöinen, He, the ever famous minstrel, Born of the divine Creatrix, Born of Ilmatar, his mother.

RUNO II.--VÄINÄMÖINEN'S SOWING

_Argument_

Väinämöinen lands on a treeless country and directs Sampsa Pellervoinen to sow trees (1-42). At first the oak will not grow, but after repeated sowings it springs up, overshadows the whole country, and hides the sun and moon (43-110). A little man rises from the sea, who fells the oak, and permits the sun and moon to shine again (111-224). Birds sing in the trees; herbs, flowers and berries grow on the ground; only the barley will not spring up (225-256). Väinämöinen finds some barleycorns in the sand on the shore, and fells the forest, leaving only a birch-tree as a resting-place for the birds (257-264). The eagle, grateful for this, strikes fire, and the felled trees are consumed (265-284). Väinämöinen sows the barley, prays to Ukko for its increase, and it grows and flourishes (285-378).

Then did Väinämöinen, rising, Set his feet upon the surface Of a sea-encircled island, In a region bare of forest.

There he dwelt, while years passed over, And his dwelling he established On the silent, voiceless island, In a barren, treeless country.

Then he pondered and reflected, In his mind he turned it over, 10 "Who shall sow this barren country, Thickly scattering seeds around him?"

Pellervoinen, earth-begotten, Sampsa, youth of smallest stature, Came to sow the barren country, Thickly scattering seeds around him.

Down he stooped the seeds to scatter, On the land and in the marshes, Both in flat and sandy regions, And in hard and rocky places. 20 On the hills he sowed the pine-trees, On the knolls he sowed the fir-trees, And in sandy places heather; Leafy saplings in the valleys.

In the dales he sowed the birch-trees, In the loose earth sowed the alders, Where the ground was damp the cherries, Likewise in the marshes, sallows. Rowan-trees in holy places, Willows in the fenny regions, 30 Juniper in stony districts, Oaks upon the banks of rivers.

Now the trees sprang up and flourished, And the saplings sprouted bravely. With their bloom the firs were loaded, And the pines their boughs extended. In the dales the birch was sprouting, In the loose earth rose the alders, Where the ground was damp the cherries, Juniper in stony districts, 40 Loaded with its lovely berries; And the cherries likewise fruited.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Came to view the work in progress, Where the land was sown by Sampsa, And where Pellervoinen laboured. While he saw the trees had flourished, And the saplings sprouted bravely, Yet had Jumala's tree, the oak-tree, Not struck down its root and sprouted. 50

Therefore to its fate he left it, Left it to enjoy its freedom, And he waited three nights longer, And as many days he waited. Then he went and gazed around him, When the week was quite completed. Yet had Jumala's tree, the oak-tree, Not struck down its root and sprouted.

Then he saw four lovely maidens; Five, like brides, from water rising; 60 And they mowed the grassy meadow, Down they cut the dewy herbage, On the cloud-encompassed headland, On the peaceful island's summit, What they mowed, they raked together, And in heaps the hay collected.

From the ocean rose up Tursas, From the waves arose the hero, And the heaps of hay he kindled, And the flames arose in fury. 70 All was soon consumed to ashes, Till the sparks were quite extinguished.

Then among the heaps of ashes, In the dryness of the ashes, There a tender germ he planted, Tender germ, of oak an acorn Whence the beauteous plant sprang upward, And the sapling grew and flourished, As from earth a strawberry rises, And it forked in both directions. 80 Then the branches wide extended, And the leaves were thickly scattered, And the summit rose to heaven, And its leaves in air expanded.

In their course the clouds it hindered, And the driving clouds impeded, And it hid the shining sunlight, And the gleaming of the moonlight.

Then the aged Väinämöinen, Pondered deeply and reflected, 90 "Is there none to fell the oak-tree, And o'erthrow the tree majestic? Sad is now the life of mortals, And for fish to swim is dismal, Since the air is void of sunlight, And the gleaming of the moonlight."

But they could not find a hero, Nowhere find a man so mighty, Who could fell the giant oak-tree, With its hundred spreading branches. 100

Then the aged Väinämöinen, Spoke the very words which follow; "Noble mother, who hast borne me, Luonnotar, who me hast nurtured; Send me powers from out the ocean: (Numerous are the powers of ocean) So that they may fell the oak-tree, And destroy the tree so baneful, That the sun may shine upon us. And the pleasant moonlight glimmer." 110

Then a man arose from ocean, From the waves a hero started, Not the hugest of the hugest, Nor the smallest of the smallest. As a man's thumb was his stature; Lofty as the span of woman.

Decked his head a helm of copper, On his feet were boots of copper, On his hands were copper gauntlets. Gloves adorned with copper tracings; 120 Round his waist his belt was copper; In his belt his axe was copper; And the haft thereof was thumb-long, And the blade thereof was nail-long.

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Deeply pondered and reflected: "While he seems a man in semblance, And a hero in appearance, Yet his height is but a thumb-length, Scarce as lofty as an ox-hoof." 130

Then he spoke the words which follow, And expressed himself in this wise: "Who are you, my little fellow, Most contemptible of heroes, Than a dead man scarcely stronger; And your beauty all has vanished."

Then the puny man from ocean, Hero of the floods, made answer: "I'm a man as you behold me, Small, but mighty water-hero, 140 I have come to fell the oak-tree, And to splinter it to fragments."

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Answered in the words which follow: "You have hardly been created, Neither made, nor so proportioned, As to fell this mighty oak-tree, Overthrow the tree stupendous."

Scarcely had the words been spoken, While his gaze was fixed upon him, 150 When the man transformed before him, And became a mighty hero. While his feet the earth were stamping, To the clouds his head he lifted, To his knees his beard was flowing, To his spurs his locks descended. Fathom-wide his eyes were parted, Fathom-wide his trousers measured; Round his knee the girth was greater, And around his hip 'twas doubled. 160 Then he sharpened keen the axe-blade, Brought the polished blade to sharpness; Six the stones on which he ground it, Seven the stones on which he whet it.

Then the man stepped forward lightly, Hastened on to do his mission; Wide his trousers, and they fluttered Round his legs as onward strode he, And the first step taken, brought him To the shore so soft and sandy; 170 With the second stride he landed On the dun ground further inland, And the third step brought him quickly, Where the oak itself was rooted.

With his axe he smote the oak-tree, With his sharpened blade he hewed it; Once he smote it, twice he smote it, And the third stroke wholly cleft it. From the axe the flame was flashing, Flame was bursting from the oak-tree, 180 As he strove to fell the oak-tree, Overthrow the tree stupendous. Thus the third blow was delivered, And the oak-tree fell before him, For the mighty tree was shattered, And the hundred boughs had fallen, And the trunk extended eastward, And the summit to the north-west, And the leaves were scattered southwards, And the branches to the northward. 190

He who took a branch from off it, Took prosperity unceasing, What was broken from the summit, Gave unending skill in magic; He who broke a leafy branchlet, Gathered with it love unending. What remained of fragments scattered, Chips of wood, and broken splinters, On the bright expanse of ocean, On the far-extending billows, 200 In the breeze were gently rocking, On the waves were lightly drifted. Like the boats on ocean's surface, Like the ships amid the sea-waves.

Northward drove the wind the fragments, Where the little maid of Pohja, Stood on beach, and washed her head-dress, And she washed her clothes and rinsed them, On the shingle by the ocean, On a tongue of land projecting. 210

On the waves she saw the fragments, Put them in her birchbark wallet, In her wallet took them homeward; In the well-closed yard she stored them, For the arrows of the sorcerer, For the chase to furnish weapons.

When the oak at last had fallen, And the evil tree was levelled, Once again the sun shone brightly, And the pleasant moonlight glimmered, 220 And the clouds extended widely, And the rainbow spanned the heavens, O'er the cloud-encompassed headland, And the island's misty summit.

Then the wastes were clothed with verdure, And the woods grew up and flourished; Leaves on trees and grass in meadows. In the trees the birds were singing, Loudly sang the cheery throstle; In the tree-tops called the cuckoo. 230

Then the earth brought forth her berries; Shone the fields with golden blossoms; Herbs of every species flourished; Plants and trees of all descriptions; But the barley would not flourish, Nor the precious seed would ripen.

Then the aged Väinämöinen, Walked around, and deeply pondered, By the blue waves' sandy margin, On the mighty ocean's border, 240 And six grains of corn he found there, Seven fine seeds of corn he found there, On the borders of the ocean, On the yielding sandy margin. In a marten's skin he placed them, From the leg of summer squirrel.

Then he went to sow the fallows; On the ground the seeds to scatter, Near to Kaleva's own fountain, And upon the field of Osmo. 250

From a tree there chirped the titmouse: "Osmo's barley will not flourish, Nor will Kaleva's oats prosper, While untilled remains the country, And uncleared remains the forest, Nor the fire has burned it over."

Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Ground his axe-blade edge to sharpness And began to fell the forest, Toiling hard to clear the country. 260 All the lovely trees he levelled, Sparing but a single birch-tree, That the birds might rest upon it, And from thence might call the cuckoo.

In the sky there soared an eagle, Of the birds of air the greatest, And he came and gazed around him. "Wherefore is the work unfinished, And the birch-tree still unfallen? Wherefore spare the beauteous birch-tree?"

Said the aged Väinämöinen, 270 "Therefore is the birch left standing, That the birds may perch upon it; All the birds of air may rest there."

Said the bird of air, the eagle, "Very wisely hast thou acted, Thus to leave the birch-tree standing And the lovely tree unfallen, That the birds may perch upon it, And that I myself may rest there."

Then the bird of air struck fire, 280 And the flames rose up in brightness, While the north wind fanned the forest, And the north-east wind blew fiercely. All the trees were burned to ashes, Till the sparks were quite extinguished.

Then the aged Väinämöinen, Took the six seeds from his satchel, And he took the seven small kernels, From the marten's skin he took them, From the leg of summer squirrel, 290 From the leg of summer ermine.

Then he went to sow the country, And to scatter seeds around him, And he spoke the words which follow; "Now I stoop the seeds to scatter, As from the Creator's fingers, From the hand of Him Almighty, That the country may be fertile, And the corn may grow and flourish.

"Patroness of lowland country, 300 Old one of the plains; Earth-Mother, Let the tender blade spring upward, Let the earth support and cherish. Might of earth will never fail us, Never while the earth existeth, When the Givers are propitious. And Creation's daughters aid us.

"Rise, O earth; from out thy slumber, Field of the Creator, rouse thee, Make the blade arise and flourish. 310 Let the stalks grow up and lengthen, That the ears may grow by thousands, Yet a hundredfold increasing, By my ploughing and my sowing, In return for all my labour.

"Ukko, thou of Gods the highest. Father, thou in heaven abiding, Thou to whom the clouds are subject. Of the scattered clouds the ruler, 320 All thy clouds do thou assemble, In the light make clear thy counsel, Send thou forth a cloud from eastwards In the north-west let one gather, Send thou others from the westward, Let them drive along from southward. Send the light rain forth from heaven, Let the clouds distil with honey, That the corn may sprout up strongly, And the stalks may wave and rustle." 330

Ukko, then, of Gods the highest, Father of the highest heaven, Heard, and all the clouds assembled. In the light made clear his counsel, And he sent a cloud from eastward. In the north-west let one gather, Others, too, he sent from westward, Let them drive along from southward, Linked them edge to edge together, And he closed the rifts between them. 340 Then he sent the rain from heaven, And the clouds distilled sweet honey, That the corn might sprout up stronger, And the stalks might wave and rustle. Thus the sprouting germ was nourished, And the rustling stalks grew upward, From the soft earth of the cornfield. Through the toil of Väinämöinen.

After this, two days passed over, After two nights, after three nights, 350 When the week was full completed, Väinämöinen, old and steadfast, Wandered forth to see the progress; How his ploughing and his sowing And his labours had resulted. There he found the barley growing, And the ears were all six-cornered, And the stalks were all three-knotted.

Then the aged Väinämöinen Wandered on and gazed around him, 360 And the cuckoo, bird of springtime, Came and saw the birch-tree growing. "Wherefore is the birch left standing, And unfelled the slender birch-tree?"