Part 22

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | FOOTNOTES | | | | [1] “The Romance of the French and Spanish Explorers;” an article | | in _Harper’s Magazine_, for February, 1882, by John Fiske. | | | | [2] “The Great La Salle,” an article in _Harper’s Magazine_, for | | February, 1905, by Henry Loomis Nelson, L. H. D. Also Parkman’s | | _Pioneers of New France_, Champlain edition, ii, 258, 260. | | | | [3] This feudal estate, some eight miles from Montreal, bears at | | the present day the name of La Chine (China), modernly spelled | | Lachine, which was said to have been applied to it in derision of | | his first fruitless voyage. | | | | [4] It must be remembered that the voyage of the priest | | Marquette, and the fur-trader Joliet, in 1673, had reached the | | Mississippi, down which they sailed as far as the mouth of the | | Arkansas. At that point, thinking that they had sufficiently | | established the fact that the waters of the Mississippi | | discharged, not into the Gulf of California, but into the Gulf of | | Mexico (although they were then really only within seven hundred | | miles of its mouth) they returned to Canada and so reported. | | | | [5] One account describes his route as being by way of Lake | | Chautauqua into the valley of the Alleghany, thence _via_ the | | Ohio river to Louisville; and, in the following year, the | | crossing of Lake Erie, from south to north, and _via_ the Detroit | | river to Lake Huron; thence into Lake Michigan and the Chicago | | river, and across the short portage to the Illinois river. | | | | [6] La Salle had, in the parlance of the present day, “made | | himself solid” with the Governor, by his active participation | | in Frontenac’s plans for the enlargement of the French power in | | Canada; especially in the matter of holding a council with the | | Iroquois, at Onondaga, where a treaty of peace was secured from | | that powerful and warlike tribe, which seemed to ensure peace for | | many years. | | | | [7] La Salle’s Patent of Nobility is given in the second volume | | of this series, “Shea’s Discovery and Exploration of the | | Mississippi Valley,” from Paris Doc. in Sec’y’s Office, Albany, | | vol. ii, pp. 8–11. | | | | [8] Capt. Tonti (or Tonty, as he signed his name in its | | Gallicized form) was an Italian (the son of the financier who | | instituted that form of life-insurance known as the Tontine), | | an ex-officer in the Sicilian wars, where, by the explosion of | | a grenade, he lost one of his hands. This loss was supplied, in | | some measure, by an artificial hand of iron, or some other metal, | | over which he always wore a glove, and the weight of which was, | | in one or two instances at least, felt by the savages who tried | | to intimidate him. Tonti’s name will survive in history as that | | of La Salle’s most faithful and courageous friend and lieutenant, | | and one who, by reason of his noble qualities is entitled to our | | admiration and respect. See also Parkman’s _La Salle_ (Champlain | | edit., i, 129). | | | | [9] Hennepin was a Jesuit priest, a courageous and rather able | | man, to whose memoirs we are indebted for much information | | concerning La Salle’s and other early explorations; though the | | value of his writings is much impaired by his tendency to tell | | large stories, and to claim for himself the credit which belonged | | to others; a tendency which seemed to increase more and more with | | each successive edition of his book. | | | | [10] The animus of this enmity, which persistently followed La | | Salle for the rest of his life, is fully explained on pp. 101–104 | | of Parkman’s _La Salle_, Champlain edition, vol. i. | | | | [11] La Salle often prophesied, says Parkman (_La Salle_, i, | | 149), that he “would make the griffin fly above the crows,” _i. | | e._, that he would make the influence of Frontenac triumph over | | that of the Jesuits. | | | | [12] Green Bay was a mission among several Indian tribes of Lake | | Michigan, established by the Jesuit fathers, Allouez and Dablon, | | 1669–70. | | | | [13] By the terms of his patent from the King, this was clearly | | an infringement of the monopoly belonging to the Montreal colony, | | and was subsequently used against him by his enemies, as well as | | being the primal cause of his loss of the _Griffin_. | | | | [14] He clearly foresaw what this journey involved, for as he | | wrote to one of his associates in his enterprise, “though the | | thaws of approaching Spring greatly increased the difficulty of | | the way, interrupted as it was everywhere by marshes and rivers, | | to say nothing of the length of the journey, which is about 500 | | leagues in a direct line, and the danger of meeting Indians of | | four or five different nations through whose country we were | | to pass, as well as an Iroquois army which we knew was coming | | that way; though we must suffer all the time from hunger, sleep | | on the open ground, and often without food; watch by night and | | march by day, loaded with baggage such as blankets, clothing, | | kettle, hatchet, gun, powder, lead, and skins to make moccasins; | | sometimes pushing through thickets, sometimes climbing rocks | | covered with ice and snow, sometimes wading whole days through | | marshes where the water was waist-deep, or even more, at a | | season when the snow was not entirely melted—though I knew of | | this, it did not prevent me from resolving to go on foot to Fort | | Frontenac, to learn for myself what had become of my vessel, and | | bring back the things we needed.”—Parkman’s _La Salle_ (Champlain | | edit.), i, 189–90. | | | | [15] A Jesuit mission, established among the Hurons, 1670–72, by | | Father Marquette. | | | | [16] The white man’s name, “The Father of Waters,” applied to | | this river, is a rather grandiloquent paraphrase of the Indian’s | | “All Water,” but seems to apply only to one feature of its | | greatness—viz., its size. The Indian name, however, compounded | | of _Missi_, whole, and _sipi_, river, more nearly describes its | | _collective_ character, as the great irrigating system of this | | vast region, receiving many tributaries, both great and small. | | | | [17] Fortunately, his fort and colony were not attacked at | | that time; but later it withstood a six-days’ siege, under the | | combined command of Tonti (as La Salle’s representative) and De | | Baugis, a French officer, representing the Governor-General. The | | attack, however, was unsuccessful. | | | | [18] The account of these evidences and of La Salle’s consequent | | anxiety as to Tonti’s fate, are well described by Parkman (_La | | Salle_, i, pp. 205–213, Champlain edit.). The record of Tonti’s | | tribulations in this invasion of the Iroquois into the Illinois | | town, and his heroic conduct, is given in chapter XVI of same | | volume. | | | | [19] For, it must be remembered, the fact of the existence of | | this great river was known to the European world long before | | La Salle’s time. Its three mouths are shown in the edition of | | Ptolomy, printed at Venice in 1513—wherein the delta of the | | Mississippi is traced with more accuracy than in the maps of the | | next century. Dr. J. G. Shea, in the Introduction (pp. x-lxxv) | | to the volume of this series (_The Discovery and Exploration of | | the Mississippi Valley, 1903_) has very carefully and clearly | | epitomized the results of the earliest explorations down to those | | of La Salle, viz., that of Garay (1578); of De Vaca (——); of | | Friar Mark (1539); and of De Soto (1539); of Muscoso (1539–43); | | of De Luna (1557); of other missionary efforts (1580); and of | | others of less account, which all kept alive the knowledge of the | | great river of the North American continent called by the Spanish | | _Río del Espíritu Santo_. | | | | Then early in the seventeenth century, came the French explorers; | | Champlain and the Jesuits (1608); Nicolet (1639); Jogues (1641); | | Allouez (1669); Dablon (1670); Marquette (1673), and Joliet—all | | of whom, by observation or report, confirmed the existence of the | | Mississippi. | | | | All of these were influenced in their labors by greed, by the | | spirit of commercialism and adventure, or by a sublime faith and | | religious zeal. It was reserved for La Salle to enter this region | | with the _distinct idea of colonization_, and of making it a | | source of revenue and a glory to the land which he represented. | | | | [20] This place, of which a view is given at p. 168 of Parkman’s | | _La Salle_, vol. i, Champlain edition, is about six miles below | | the town of Ottawa, Illinois. | | | | [21] La Salle’s estimate of the number of these Indians was about | | 20,000, or a fighting capacity of 4,000 warriors. | | | | [22] La Salle’s brother, the Abbe Cavelier, Fathers Membre, Douay | | and Le Clerc, all more or less afterward associated with American | | exploration, were among this clerical contingent. | | | | [23] Most interesting as to these troubles, and La Salle’s mental | | condition at this critical point, are the pages 97–109, vol. II | | of Parkman’s _La Salle_ (Champlain edition). | | | | [24] “Sixteen or seventeen years,” as he says in his Journal, | | under date of July, 1684; “so that, as he could hardly have | | entered the service before the age of 18 or 20, he must have | | been, at the time he linked his fortunes to those of La Salle, | | about 35 or 37 years old—hence born, probably, about 1643–5.” | | | | [25] “Intendant” is the official French term. | | | | [26] His words are “un fort honnête homme, et seul delatroupe de | | M. de La Salle, sur qui célèbre voyageur pût compter.” | | | | [27] Knapsack, in modern parlance. | | | | [28] Coureurs de bois. | | | | [29] The _Fr._ reads thus, “l’un frère & les autres neveus de | | ...”—the one a brother of M. de La Salle, the others his nephews. | | There evidently were _two_ nephews, named Cavalier—the name of | | La Salle’s family; although in this journal the elder nephew is | | generally styled _M. Moranget_. | | | | [30] Cavalier gives the date as 23d or 24th July. | | | | [31] _Fr._ “30 tonneux des Munitiens ou Marchandises, qui estoit | | fretée pour S. Domingae”—thirty casks of munitions or commodities | | which were intended for Santo Domingo. | | | | [32] _Fr._ “sept ou huit jours.”—seven or eight days. | | | | [33] _Fr._ “furent les secrettes semences, que ...”—which were | | the hidden seeds, which ... | | | | [34] French _original_ reads “45 minutes.” | | | | [35] The parenthesis does not appear in the French original. | | | | [36] In the original _Fr._ “the missionary priest.” | | | | [37] In the original “Le 12”—the twelfth. | | | | [38] The French original says “plus de malades”—_i. e._ more than | | 50 sick people. | | | | [39] _Fr._ “les chirurgions”—the surgeons. | | | | [40] Tr. “Francois”—the first French port. | | | | [41] Should be, as in the _Fr._ “16th.” | | | | [42] Should be “ship.” | | | | [43] In the _Fr._ “la Religion P. R.” | | | | [44] _Fr._ “Zenobe,”—Zenobius. | | | | [45] Corrects the _Fr._ original, which reads “12th.” | | | | [46] The _Fr._ reads, “il s’éleva un gros meage au nord”—_i. e._ | | there arose a great cloud to the northward. | | | | [47] In the original _Fr._ 28th degree. | | | | [48] In the _Fr._ “qui estoient devant nous”—and who were ahead | | of us. | | | | [49] They must have already passed the mouth of the Mississippi | | (owing to La Salle’s having failed to determine its longitude, | | in 1682, when he had taken its latitude), and were then sailing | | along the Texas coast, probably near Galveston Bay, more than 400 | | miles westward of their desired objective. See _note_ to p. 120, | | vol. ii, _Parkman’s La Salle_ (Champlain edition). | | | | [50] In the _Fr._ 28th. | | | | [51] In the _Fr._ “notre chaloupe”—our boat. | | | | [52] _Fr._ “a quatre piez d’eau”—_i. e._ in four feet of water. | | | | [53] _Fr._ “une partie s’embarqua”—a party embarked. | | | | [54] _Fr._ “marres.” | | | | [55] _Fr._ “marres.” | | | | [56] _Fr._ “canot” [thus explained in a marginal note: “Canot; | | _est un petit batteau fait de bois, ou d’ écorces, ou de | | peau_”—_i. e._ Canoe, is a little boat made of wood, or bark, or | | hide]. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [57] “Chef”—in the French. | | | | [58] _Fr._ “laides”—_i. e._ ugly. | | | | [59] _Fr._ “quatre sentinelles”—four sentinels. | | | | [60] _Fr._ “village porchain du lieu”—_i. e._ near the place. | | | | [61] _Fr._ “jointes au dégoût qui la perte de nôtre navire avoit | | causé parmi la pluspart des honnestes gens qui avoient suivi M. | | de la Salle”—together with the anxiety which the loss of our ship | | had occasioned among most of the people of respectability who had | | followed M. de La Salle. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [62] Though evidently not altogether satisfied in his own mind | | that he had reached the mouth of the Mississippi, La Salle, | | desirous to relieve himself of the many complications and | | annoyances arising from the strained relations between himself | | and Beaujeu, decided to land his soldiers at a place which he | | named St. Louis Bay (now known as Matagardu Bay), thinking to | | send them northward along the coast until they should come to the | | principal outlet of the “fatal river” as Joutel frequently calls | | the Mississippi. While here the loss of the _Amiable_ and its | | valuable stores, the sickness of many of the company, and finally | | the departure of the _Joly_ with Beaujeu, left La Salle in a sad | | plight. (See _note_ concerning the relations between La Salle and | | Beaujeu, in Parkman’s _La Salle_, ii, 133 Champlain edition). | | | | [63] _Fr._ “trois ou quatre”—three or four. | | | | [64] _Fr._ “vouloit faire un Fort plus avant dans le | | pays”—designed to establish a fortified post farther inland. _C. | | C. edit._ | | | | [65] _Fr._ “vaisseau, qui”—_i. e._ ship, which. | | | | [66] This was on the river Lavaca (La Vache) at the head of | | Matagorda Bay, and called by Joutel _Rivière aux Bœufs_. | | | | [67] St. Louis Bay, St. Bernard’s Bay, Matagorda Bay, Espíritu | | Bay—are all names by which this Bay has been known. La Salle had | | a peculiar _penchant_ for naming his forts, and after his royal | | master, Louis XIV; New Fort, St. Louis of the Illinois, Fort St. | | Louis of Texas, etc. | | | | [68] In the _Fr._ this sentence is a marginal note. | | | | [69] The construction of this sentence, leaves us somewhat in | | doubt, as to whether the girl and the woman were not one and the | | same person. In the _Fr._ it reads “une fille, une femme blessée | | à la cuisse d’un coup de fusil, dont elle mourut—a girl, a woman | | wounded in the thigh by a gun-shot, who died of the wound.” _C. | | C. edit._ | | | | [70] _Fr._ “paquet,” or knapsack. | | | | [71] _Fr._ “On voyoit du Côté du midy, & vers l’Orient, la Baye, | | & les campagnes qui la bordent, de l’Orient au Septentrion, | | la Rivière se presentoit le long d’un petit costan,”—To the | | southward and eastward stretched the Bay and the fields which | | border it, from the east to the north, the river appeared along a | | gentle slope,—[The phrase, “From the east to the north” squints | | both ways; the reader must determine the meaning. Perhaps, in | | the editor’s translation, the comma after the words “border it” | | should be removed, so as to make the phrase “from the east to the | | north” qualify the verb “border.” Although the editor’s studies | | have not qualified him to express an authoritative opinion upon | | this point of historical geography, he hazards the guess that | | this river is one of those flowing into Galveston Bay.] _C. C. | | edit._ | | | | [72] [The ascription of an agreeable odor to the colors is found | | in the original. Perhaps the _Fr._ “couleurs” is a misprint for | | “fleurs.”] M. B. A. | | | | [73] The original _Fr._ expression seems preferable: viz., “& | | Duhaut ayant dit ses raisons, & moy les miennes, ...”—and Duhaut | | having given his reasons, and I mine. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [74] La Salle, now apparently convinced that in his approach | | by sea, he had missed the mouth of the Mississippi which he so | | eagerly sought, determined to retrace, by land, the long route | | to Canada, in order to secure supplies and succor for the little | | colony in Texas, and to report their state to France. In this | | design, he appears to have been even more reticent than usual; | | since few, if any, seem to have been informed of the real extent | | of the journey before them. | | | | Almost at the outset of their undertaking, the little frigate | | _Belle_, which was to have accompanied them—as far as | | possible—along the coast—was lost, and all of her crew perished, | | except three or four, who were washed ashore, and rejoined | | Joutel’s party, only after three months’ absence. | | | | [75] _Fr._ “alesnes”—awls. | | | | [76] Compare p. 2, line 9. | | | | [77] The 22d. | | | | [78] _Fr._ “pierriers”—swivel-guns. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [79] Should be Archevêque. | | | | [80] _Fr._ “belles prairies”—meaning, in this case, fine or | | beautiful. | | | | [81] _Fr._ “belles fûtayes.” | | | | [82] _Fr._ “beaux ombrages.” | | | | [83] _Fr._ “les mêmes païsages.” | | | | [84] _Fr._ “dôme.” | | | | [85] _Fr._ “26th.” | | | | [86] _Fr._ “le lendemain 27.” [The original appears to be wrong, | | and the correction extends to the three following dates.] M. B. A. | | | | [87] _Fr._ “bretelles”—carriers’ or porters’ knots. | | | | [88] _Fr._ “fort beau paisage”—_i. e._ pleasant. | | | | [89] | | _Kiahoba_, _Fr._ _Kiaboha_ | | _Choumenes_, „ _Chaumenés_ | | _Arhan_, „ _Arhan_ | | _Enepiahe_, „ _Enepiahæ_ | | _Ahonerhopiheim_, „ _Ahouerhopiheim_ | | _Korenkake_, „ _Koienkahé_ | | _Korkone_, „ _Konkone_ | | _Maghai_, „ _Meghai_ | | _Thecamenes_, „ _Tecamenes_ | | _Kavagan_, „ _Kavayan_ | | _Kannehonan_, „ _Kannehoüan_ | | _Tohaka_, „ _Tohaha_ | | _Chanzes_, „ _Chancres_ | | _Orcampion_, „ _Orcampieou_ | | _Ayona_, „ _Ayano_ | | _Canohatino_, „ _Cannohatinno_ | | | | Compare the notes to p. 107, l. 34, and pp. 114, 115.—_C. C. | | edit._ | | | | [90] _Fr._ “belle campagne.” | | | | [91] _Fr._ “quarante anciens Sauvages”—forty old Indians. [Later, | | the translator uses the proper word “Elders.”] _C. C. edit._ | | | | [92] The Eng. translator here omits the words in the _Fr._ | | original “& to make lime” (“& à fair de la chaux”). | | | | [93] This occurred, according to Douay’s account, on the 19th | | March, 1689. | | | | [94] _Fr._ “dans le temps qu’il y avait tout à esperer des ses | | grands travaux”—at a time when there was the greatest hopes of | | the success of his enterprise. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [95] The author referred to here, is Father Douay, whose | | statement to this effect may be doubted, as Parkman observes that | | he did not “always write honestly,” and that he probably invented | | the story of the burial, to cover his own dereliction in having | | failed (through terror) to discharge this duty. See Parkman’s _La | | Salle and the Discovery of the Great West_, ii, 176, 178, note, | | Champlain edition. This assassination occurred in a southern | | branch of the Trinity River. | | | | [96] _Fr._ “Tilleul.” | | | | [97] Trappings. The _Fr._ word used here is “ajustemens.” | | | | [98] _Fr._ “d’autre leurs arcs & deux fléches seulement,”—“others | | their bows & two arrows only.” [d’autre is a misprint for | | “d’autres.”] _C. C. edit._ | | | | [99] _Fr._ “Il nous fit bien des caresses, il estoit tout nud, | | comme eux, & ce qui est surprenant, il avoit presque oublié son | | langage naturel.”—“He gave us many caresses; he was, like them, | | quite naked; and what is remarkable, he had almost forgotten his | | native tongue.” M. B. A. | | | | [100] _Fr._ “pav halneaux”—probably a misprint for | | “hameaux”—hamlets. M. B. A. | | | | [101] _Fr._ “d’espace en espace”—at intervals. | | | | [102] _Fr._ “presque tout le travail”—almost all the work. | | | | [103] | | _Takensa_, _Fr._ _Tahenssa_ | | _Enepiahe_, „ _Enepiahæ_ | | _Ahonerhopiheim_, „ _Ahouerhopiheim_ | | _Ahekouen_, „ _Ahehoüen_ | | _Meghty_, „ _Meghey_ | | _Kouayon_, „ _Koüayan_ | | _Cagabegux_, „ _Coyabegux_ | | _Pickar_, „ _Pichar_ | | _Tokau_, „ _Tohau_ | | _Peihoun_, „ _Peihoum_ | | | | [104] _Fr._ “un cheval entier et fort beau”—a very handsome | | _entire_ horse. _C. C. edit._: _i. e._, a stallion. | | | | [105] _Fr._ “Nord’oüest”—Northwest. | | | | [106] This name, although same in French original, is probably a | | misprint for _Leitot_. | | | | [107] _Fr._ “Il apprit de Duhaut”—He learned from Duhaut. | | | | [108] That we might see what direction we could take [_i. e._, | | take information as to their future line of march]. M. B. A. | | | | [109] _Fr._ “qui se mirent â chanter â pleine gorge des chansons | | differentes”—who began loudly to sing various songs. _C. C. edit._ | | | | [110] M. Moranget. Following the word “nephew,” in the _Fr._ are | | the words “& pour moy”—and for me. | | | | [111] _Fr._ Nahoudikhe. | | | | [112] In _Fr._ original, this sentence is in a marginal note. _C. | | C. ed._ | | | | [113] _Fr._ Cahainihoüa. [Cf. pp. 90 and 44, and the notes. A | | marginal note in the _Fr._ calls this tribe _Cahaynaho_.] _C. C. | | edit._ | | | | [114] _Fr._ “aspiroient grandement”—ardently longed for. | | | | [115] _Fr._ “Quelques une cependant sont plus proprement; mais | | generalement, non”—Some nevertheless are more cleanly, but | | generally they are not. | | | | [116] _Fr._ “des Cannes seiches allumées”—dry reeds aflame. | | | | [117] _Fr._ “difficile”—difficult. | | | | [118] This was the famous expedition of the Marquis de Nonville | | against the Senecas, in which Tonty, Du Shut and Duromtage, came | | to the aid of the Governor, with 180 French _coureurs de bois_ | | and 400 Indians from the upper lakes. | | | | [119] The Marquis De Nonville, Governor General of Canada. | | | | [120] _Fr._ “billet & reconnoissance”—_i. e._, note and receipt. | | | | [121] Father Claude Allouez. | | | | [122] Michilimackinac. | | | | [123] _Fr._ “manne”—maple sap? | | | | [124] _Fr._ “cerfeüil”—chervil. | | | | [125] The concealment of the fact of La Salle’s death, which | | was maintained by this party of survivors, until, and for some | | time after, their return to France, gave rise to an heroic | | manifestation of courage and friendship, by the Chevalier Tonti, | | who had been left in charge of Fort Louis on the Illinois. | | | | Although they had been, on their journey northward, to Canada, | | the guests of that officer at Fort St. Louis, from September, | | 1687, till the end of February, 1688, they had made no disclosure | | of that fact. And, it was not until some months later, that Tonti | | heard of it, from the lips of one of his own men, Couture by | | name, who had been left at the Arkansas, and who had been told | | of it by the Abbe Cavelier himself. Meanwhile Tonti had received | | from and paid over to his reverend guest an order from La Salle | | for over 2,500 livres in beaver and supplies, on which money the | | party had made their further journey homeward. | | | | Learning now, for the first time, with what grief and indignation | | we may well imagine, of the death of his beloved friend and | | chief; and also that the Arkansas Indians were anxious to join | | with the French in an invasion of Mexico—which information was | | also followed by an official notification from the Governor of | | Canada, that war had again been declared against Spain, Tonti | | decided to rescue, if possible, the remaining members of La | | Salle’s party on the Gulf coast; and, by making them the nucleus | | of a small army, to cross the Rio Grande, and thus win a new | | province for France. | | | | Leaving the fort early in December, in a canoe, with five | | Frenchmen, an Indian warrior and two other Indians, he reached | | the home of the Caddoes in Red River, by the last of March, 1688, | | and was preparing to push on to a village eighty miles distant | | in search of Hiens and his companions, when he was left almost | | helpless by the refusal of all his men, except one Frenchman and | | the Indian warrior, to longer pursue the tiresome journey they | | had thus far made. But, with the two faithful ones, he pushed | | on, losing nearly all their ammunition in crossing a river, | | and finding, upon reaching the village where he had expected | | to find them, that they had been killed. As his ammunition was | | lost, and the Indians refused to furnish him guides, he could | | only return to the Arkansas country which he only reached by the | | end of July, after traversing a flooded country, in a ceaseless | | rain, sometimes by wading, sometimes by rafts, breaking their | | way with hatchets through the inundated cane brakes, and finally | | having to kill and eat their dogs. Even Tonti, the hero of many | | such emergencies of travel, confessed, “I never in my life | | suffered so much.” Then followed an attack of fever, after the | | abatement of which he arrived at his fort, in September, 1689. | | This heroic attempt marks, more distinctly than any other, the | | character of Tonti, who, in the language of the missionary, St. | | Cosmo, who traveled under his escort in 1699, was “beloved by | | all voyageurs—the man who best knows the country—he is loved and | | feared everywhere.” Tonti was a robust man in appearance, and had | | (as has been already said) but one hand, but he truly had a great | | soul within him—Courageous, generous and loyal. Though holding a | | captain’s commission, he had, as late as 1690, never received any | | pay; but in that year the proprietorship of the Fort St. Louis | | of the Illinois was granted to him jointly with La Forest, La | | Salle’s then lieutenant—and there they carried on a fur trade; | | and in 1699, they were granted further privileges of trade, by a | | royal proclamation. In 1702, a royal order assigned La Forest to | | Canada, and Tonti to residence on the Mississippi. Tonti, in that | | year, joined D’Iberville in Lower Louisiana, and was by him sent | | to secure the alliance of the Chickasaws. His after career or the | | time of his death are unknown. | | | | Never were mutiny, conspiracy and assassination more signally | | and justly followed by retribution than in the fate of these | | miscreants who had murdered La Salle—as graphically portrayed by | | Parkman (_La Salle & the Discovery of the Great West_, ii, pp. | | 212–216. _Champlain edition._) Exiled, by their own deeds, from | | Canada; in fear of their Spanish neighbors, whose dominion they | | had invaded, they were finally overwhelmed by an Indian attack, | | many of them butchered and the fort laid waste. Compulsory | | domestication among their savage captors was the fate of the | | rest; and when, in 1689 the Spanish general Alonzo de Leon | | visited the ruined fort of St. Louis in Texas, they were handed | | over to him, and expiated their sins in the naval service or | | prisons of Spain. | | | | [126] The eldest son of Louis XIV, who had died a year or two | | before the publication of the _Fr._ original of this Journal. _C. | | C. ed._ | | | | [127] _Fr._ “overture au droit de l’œil”—opening opposite the eye. | | | | [128] _Fr._ “du gros mil”—coarse millet. | | | | [129] Bracketed words not in the French original. | | | | [130] Reprinted, Albany, 1903, edition of five hundred copies. | | | | [131] Reprinted, Albany, 1902, five hundred copies. | | | | [132] New edition, Albany, 1903. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+