Part 21

“Memoir sent by the King to M. Denonville, explanatory of the French Possessions in North America,” in French’s Historical Collections, second series, pp. 123–142. This document briefly recapitulates the French discoveries. Baldwin, “Margry Papers, vol. ii.,” in Western Reserve Historical Society tracts. United States Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, Washington, 1876. Volume iii. of this report contains an extract from Marquette’s journal, and a reduced reproduction of his map. Gravier, “La route du Mississipi,” in the compte-rendu of the second session of the Congrès des Américanistes, 1877, vol. i., pp. 237–312. Whittlesey, “Discovery of the Ohio River by La Salle,” 1669–70, one of the Western Reserve Historical Society tracts.

Hurlbut, “Father Marquette at Mackinaw and Chicago,” Chicago, 1878. Jacker, “La Salle and the Jesuits,” in _American Catholic Quarterly Review_, vol. iii., pp. 404–426, Philadelphia, 1878. Peet, “Discovery of the Ohio,” in _American Antiquarian_, vol. i., pp. 21–35. Shea, “Address before the Missouri Historical Society at the celebration of the 250th anniversary of Marquette’s Voyage, July 20, 1878; _same_. “Romance and Reality of the Death of Marquette, and the recent Discovery of his Remains,” in _Catholic World_, vol. ii., pp. 267–281.

C. C. Baldwin, “Indian Migration in Ohio,” Western Reserve Historical Society tract No. 47; also in _American Antiquarian_, April, 1879. M. F. Force, “Some Early Notices of the Indians of Ohio,” Cincinnati, 1879. Margry, “Was La Salle the Discoverer of the Mississippi,” in _American Antiquarian_, vol. ii., pp. 206–209, Chicago, 1879–81. O. H. Marshall, “Building and Voyage of the Griffon in 1679,” Buffalo, 1879. Blanchard, “Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest,” Chicago, 1880; gives a brief account of Joliet’s and La Salle’s voyages.

Brucker, “J. Marquette et la découverte de la vallée du Mississipi,” Lyon, 1880. Thoulet “Cavelier de La Salle et la découverte du Mississipi, d’après l’ouvrage de M. Margry,” in Bulletin de la Société de la Géographie, 6e série, tome xx., pp. 435–454, 534–556, Paris, 1880. Hurlbut’s “Chicago Antiquities,” Chicago, 1881, contains translations from the journals of Marquette, Hennepin, La Salle, and of other travellers, which relate the incidents of visits made to the site of the present city. Neill, “Minnesota Explorers and Pioneers from 1659 to 1858,” Minneapolis, 1881. J. Fiske, “Romance of the Spanish and French Explorers,” in _Harper’s Magazine_, February, 1882. An article by the editor in _The Magazine of American History_, March, 1882. Gravier’s “Sketch of La Salle,” in same magazine, May, 1882. Hurlbut, “Review of Gravier’s Article,” in same for September, 1882. Butler, “First French Foot-prints beyond the Lakes” [Madison, 1882], closes the list of the writings up to the present time. It has not been thought necessary to include general histories of the United States, such as Bancroft’s and Hildreth’s, and others.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.—The principal bibliographical works used in the compilation of this note are Boimare’s “Notes bibliographiques et raisonnés sur les principaux ouvrages publiès sur la Floride et l’ancienne Louisiane” [Paris, 1855]; Faribault’s “Catalogue d’ouvrages sur l’histoire de l’Amérique,” Québec, 1837; “Field’s Essay toward an Indian Bibliography,” New York, 1875, and Harrisse’s “Notes pour servir à l’historie, la bibliographic [etc.] de la Nouvelle France,” Paris, 1872. O’Callaghan’s “Jesuit Relations of Discoveries in Canada, 1632–1672,” New York, 1847, has been used for the titles of the Jesuit reports.

The references in Parkman’s “La Salle” have indicated many authorities, and the author’s characterizations have been helpful. Gravier’s “La Salle,” Paris, 1871, contains a list of eighty-nine articles upon La Salle. The compiler of this article was unable to examine a copy until after completion of the list. The essential works in it were found to have been noted. Sabin’s “Bibliography” is indispensable in verifying titles.

APPLETON P. C. GRIFFIN

INDEX.

A fine river, 79

Accancea Indians, 176, 179, 182 Household Stuff, 179 Shape, 179 Particular Ceremonies, 182 Country, Product of, 178

Account of Country, 77 given by a native, 128

Ahehoen Indians, 126

Ahonerhopiheim Indians, 126

Aigron, Sieur, 55

Algonquin Indians, 3, 38

Alleghany, Valley of the, 4

Alleghanies, 23

Alligator eaten, 62

Allouez, Father, 13, 22, 197

America, 2 North, 6

American Savages, 38

Anastasius, Father, 48, 62, 109, 112, 116, 134, 135, 136, 137, 151, 154, 155, 156, 160, 161, 167, 168, 189, 190, 197, 199, 201, 203

Apalache, Bay of, 67, 68

Arhan Indians, 126

Arkansas Country, 203 Indians, 202 River, 3, 22, 202

Arrival at Quebec, 201

Art to kill goats and wild fowl, 164

Assony Indians, 130, 139, 162, 163, 167

Author meets another Frenchman among Indians, 149 and others resolve to part from murderers, 152 saved by a friend, 136 sent to the Cenis for provisions, 138

Ayona Indians, 127

Barbier, Sieur, 79, 84, 108, 109, 114, 129 Command of Settlement given to, 116 Marries, 112

Barbier’s wife gives birth to child, 115

Beaujeu, Commander, 26, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 86 leaves La Salle, 89

Begon, Intendant, 60, 61

Bihorel, Sieur, 114, 130

Boat of Bark lost, 98

Bocrettes Indians, 127

Boisrondet, Sieur, 189, 190, 197

Buskins of rawhides instead of shoes, 120

Cacahouanous Indians, 190

Caddoes Indians, 202

Cadodaquio Village, 169

Cahamihona Village, 169, 170

Cahaynohoua Indians, 173, 174

California, Gulf of, 3, 4

Calumet, The, 172, 173, 179

Canada, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 34, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 108, 115, 151, 177, 190, 196, 202 Natives of, Brutal, 37

Canohatino Indians, 127

Cannohantimo Indians, 141, 157

Cape Corrientes, 63 St. Anthony, 61, 63, 64, 65 St. Nicholas, 59 Samana, 59

Cappas Indians, 161, 164, 166, 169, 174, 182

Capucins, 170

Carpenter lost, 96

Cascasquina Peroneria Indians, 190

Caveliers, The, 2

Cavelier Family, 29

Cavelier, Jean, 2 Henri, 2, 27 Robert (See La Salle), 2 Abbe, 26, 29, 48, 49, 62, 90, 95, 97, 98, 107, 109, 116, 123, 136, 137, 151, 152, 154, 156, 161, 164, 166, 167, 168, 172, 177, 179, 180, 183, 189, 190, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202 Abbe and his company part from others, 160 Abbe and others carried on backs of Indians; Ceremonies at their reception; Speeches made to them; Their entertainment, 165, 166 set out and return again, 191

Cayman Island, 62

Cenis Indians, 48, 113, 121, 123, 127, 128, 130, 139, 152, 153, 156, 162, 168, 169, 179 Account of Battle fought by, 157 Country of, 114 Described, 138 Meet French in Solemn Manner, 140 River, 137

Ceremony of Pipe, 171, 179 Performed to M. Cavelier, 179 of Sailors Called “Ducking”, 57

Chahouanous Indians, 196

Champlain, 1, 22

Chanzes Indians, 127

Charleroix, 30

Charpantier, Sieur, 176

Chautauqua Lake, 4

Chebonany, 200

Chedeville, M., 54, 62, 90, 101, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114

Chef de Bois, Port of, 59

Chicago, 21, 196, 197, 198

Chickasaw Indians, 203

Choumans Indians, 128, 129

Choumenes Indians, 126

Clerk, Sieur, 114

Colbert, French Minister of State, 8 River, 49, 177, 181, 200

Columbus, Christopher, 33

Commanders at variance, 74

Conspiracy discovered, 93 revealed, 94

Controversy about privilege of first born, 115

Copal tree, 138

Couture, Sieur, 176, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

Courcelle, Governor, 3, 43

Coyabegux Indians, 126

Crèvecœur, Fort, 17, 18, 19, 20

Cross by a river and a French built house, 176

Crozat, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219 to plant colonies in Louisiana, 205 letters patent to, 212

Cuba, 61, 62, 63, 209

Currents, 67

Dablon, Father, 13, 22

Dainmaville, 54, 88

Dautray, 22

d’ Aire, Chevalier, 66, 67, 74, 76, 77, 80, 88

d’ Eure River, 125

D’Iberville, 203 Expedition, 205

De Baugis, 20

de Belle Fontaine, 189

de Cussy, Governor, 59, 60, 61

de Launay, Sieur, 176

de Leon, Alonzo, 203

de la Sablonniere, 81, 109, 112

De Luna, 22

de Malre, Sieur, 132, 133, 161 drowned, 166 funeral, 167

De Nonville, Marquis, 195, 196, 197, 200, 201

de Porneuf, M., 200

De Soto, 22

de Villeperdry, Sieur, 93, 95

Debates between commanders, 88

Departure from Rochel, 54

Desloges, 86 killed, 87

des Puans Lake, 200

Detroit River, 5 Straits of, 12

Devault, Sieur, 94

Difference between commanders, 56

Discontent occasioned by Moranget, 133

Douay, Father, 26, 29, 136 account of murder, 134

Duchesneau, Intendant, 19

du Hamel, 76, 86, 87

Duhaut, 99, 102, 103, 107, 108, 114, 115, 116, 132, 133, 135, 152 endeavors to occasion a mutiny, 112 mutiny revealed, 113 returns from La Salle, 100 the murderer usurps command, 137 killed, 154

Duromtage, 195

Du Shut, 195

Dutch and English at Albany, 12

East Indies, 37

Encounter with natives, 111

Enepiahe Indians, 126

English, 6

Entertainment given by the Indians, 183

Erie, Lake, 4, 12, 18

Espíritu Bay, 97

Fercoutcha Indians, 127

Figure of a pretended monster, 186

Fine meadows, 164

Finisterre Cape, 55

First landing, 67

First fort abandoned, 94

Fish taken in plenty, 91

Fiske, John, 1

Flying fish, 56

Fort built, 88 Lewis, 197, 200 among the Illinois, 188 arrival at, 188 reception, 189 description of country, 191 lime and clay, mines, product, etc., 192 St. Lewis of Illinois, 203 Louis in Texas, 203

France, 1, 2, 5, 6 King of, 6

French habitation, travellers come to the, 176 men, who they were, 177 house among the Acconceas described, 178 entertained by natives, 147 turned savage, 149 man among Indians, 141 men go to the wars with natives, 156 stay with Indians, 161 River, 200

Frontenac, Count, 5, 6, 8, 12, 19, 24, 43 Fort, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 24, 26, 42

Gabaret, Sieur, 74

Galveston Bay, 103

Game, Plenty of, 171

Garay, 22

Gayen; hurt, 86, 87

Goats and bullocks, 72

Good entertainment, 163

Green Bay, 12, 13, 21

Griffin, The, 12, 13, 14, 18

Grollet, 149, 150

Guanabo Island, 59

Guinea, 206

Habitation of St. Lewis, 103, 151, 153 description of country at, 103 the land, 103 living creatures: Fish, tortoises, venomous creatures, rattle-snakes, 104 Alligators, trees, dangerous fruit, 105 vines, plants, 106 of St. Lewis. Who were left there when La Salle departed, 116

Hard labor, 95

Havana, 206, 209, 210, 211

Hebahamo Indian Village, 121

Hiens, 116, 132, 133, 134, 138, 155, 156, 161 kills Duhaut, 154 gives others what he pleases and seizes rest of effects, 160

Hennepin, 1, 11, 15, 16, 18, 44, 47, 48, 49, 203, 204

Hispaniola Island, 58, 59, 61, 63

Holy Ghost, Bay of, 50, 68, 69

Horse sold for an ax, 148

Houabache River, 184

How the travellers lived, 195

Hudson’s Bay, 205

Hunter dies with cold, 100

Hurie, (Sieur), 94, 99, 111, 113

Hurons, 38, 199, 200

Huron, Lake, 5, 12

Illinois allies, 24 country, 20, 196 Indians, 13, 14, 21, 38, 49, 114, 115, 177, 183, 188, 196 adultery, 195 boasting, 193 chiefs, 16 children, 193 care of dead, 193 presents to, 195 game of stick, 195 great town of, 15 manners and customs, 193 marriages, 195 meeting with, 187 outbreak, 16 thieving, 193 women do all labor, 193 lake of the, 200 river, 5, 15, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 44, 187, 214 headwaters of, 22 State of, 17

Indiscretion of an ensign, 86

Indian, bad ways, 163 beds, 142 bewailing memory of men killed, 156 ceremonies, 145 ceremony to the dead, 167 of dressing a bullock, 185 of rejoicing, 159 come to fort, 92 cruel trophies of, 158 dies of eating raw suet, 187 doleful entertainment, 168 entertainment, 141 expect presents, 174 humanity of the, 167 huts and families in them, 142 inhumanity, 158 maid brought to author, 150 manners, 144 manner of building, 142 their moveables, 142 men, 170 barbarity of towards a woman taken, 157 nations, 167 peculiar custom, 169 rats, 124 religion, 145 tillage, 142 tilling, instrument for, 143 tobacco, 146 take revenge, 87 women, 143 barbarity of, 158 their behavior, 144 disfigure themselves, 143 do all the work, 144, 193 habits, 144 ornaments of, 169 sow, 143 strong, 38 rejoice at victory, 157 with axes, 175 village abandoned, 120 inhabited, 123

Irondequoit (Seneca village), 4

Iroquois, 3, 8, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21, 23, 38, 49, 185, 188, 190, 198, 199 invasion, 16 war with, 195

Janiquo Indians, 168

Jesuits, 2, 5, 7, 12, 16, 22, 199, 200 mission among Hurons re-established by Marquette, 19

Jogues, 22

Joliet, 1, 4, 5, 22

Joutel, Henri, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 48, 50, 89 believes Mississippi passed, 68 party, 108

Journey prosecuted, 174 continued, 181

Joly (The), 26, 54, 58, 64, 66, 67, 68, 74, 75, 79, 80, 89 boltsprit of lost, 55

Kabayes Indians, 126

Kannehonan Indians, 126

Kavagan Indians, 126

Keremen Indians, 126

Ketch taken by the Spaniards, 61

Kiahoba Indians, 126

Kiasses Indians, 127

Kind Indians, 177 reception, 171

Korenkake Indians, 126

Korkone Indians, 126

Kouans Indians, 126

l’ Aimable (ship), 61, 62, 65, 79, 80, 81, 85, 88, 89 cast astray, 83

l’ Archevêque, 116, 133, 134, 136, 153, 155, 161

La Barre, Governor, 24, 25, 26

La Belle (ship), 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 94, 96, 97, 98, 101, 115 lost, 108 how lost, 110 what was saved from, 109

La Chine (China), 2, 3, 201

Le Clerc, Father, 26, 203

La Forest (Surgeon), 10, 19, 20, 26, 203

La Hontan’s forged discourse with a savage, wherein he renders himself ridiculous, 36

La Motte de Sussière, 10, 11

La Maligne River, 102, 124, 126, 147

la Sabloniere River, 122

La Salle, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 41, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 101, 103, 110, 111, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 137, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 160, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 187, 188, 190, 197, 201, 202 account of, 41 barbarity towards body of, 135 character, 42, 135 conspiracy to murder, 133 consult to murder, 133 death of, 5, 29 is murdered, 134 first voyage of exploration, 3 return to France, 8 footman killed, 133 fort taken by Spaniards, 204 goes to discover the river, 90 returns; sets out again, 90 goes out to discover, 99 returns, 107 goes to seek conspirators, 134 Indian killed, 132 made proprietor of Ft. Frontenac, 43 men, 17 mistake, 69 much wronged, 89 patent of nobility, 8 resolves on third expedition, 114 persons with him, 116 the way they traveled, 117 Royal patent to explore Mississippi country, 10 reputation makes enemies, 43 second return visit to France, 10 voyage of exploration (1678–9), 11 sets out on another expedition, 108 discoveries; return, 113 seven men lost and four desert, 114 third return visit to France, 25 well received by natives, 126

Le Gros, 61 bitten by snake, 91 and others die, 97

Liotot, 116, 132, 134, 138, 153 killed, 154

Lisbon, 55

Lost Frenchmen heard of, 130

Louis XIV, 23

Louisiana, 23, 33, 47, 203, 204, 206, 211, 212, 214, 217, 218

Louisville, 4

Machigamea Indians, 184

Madera Island, 55, 56

Magdalen River, 75

Maghai Indians, 126

Man clad like Spaniard, 139

March continued, 137

Mark, Friar, 22

Marquette, 1, 3, 19, 22, 186

Massiot, 54

Matagorda Bay, 89, 97

Maximus, Father, 112

Membre, Father, 26

Men sent by land to discover, 78

Meracouman Indians, 126

Mexico, 10, 25, 207 Bay of, 45, 49, 50, 63, 177, 191 City, 208 Gulf of, 4, 22, 23, 25, 44, 47, 197, 206 Kingdom of, 42, 139 North, 129

Miami, Fort, 15 River, 14, 21, 22

Michilimackinac, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 190, 196, 199

Michigan, Lake, 5, 12, 13, 14, 21

Mines of St. Barbara, 42

Minet, Sieur, 76, 88

Mississippi River, 1, 3, 4, 5, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 33, 42, 43, 45, 49, 50, 69, 77, 82, 89, 97, 98, 102, 108, 114, 148, 149, 152, 153, 164, 174, 176, 177, 182, 184, 187, 203, 205 River, Banks of many colors, 185 Branches of, 88

Mississippi found at last, 181 mouth of, 21 passed, 75 source of, 44, 204 Indians, 16 Valley, 26

Missouri River, 22, 186, 213

Mitchell, Sieur, 47

Montreal, 2, 4, 8, 9, 18, 41, 42, 49, 196, 199, 200, 201

Moranget, 54, 78, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 98, 102, 107, 108, 113, 116, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 155 Discontent occasioned by, 133

More mischief prevented, 155

Murderers change their mind, 153 differ in opinion, 153 design of, 152 resolve to return to habitation of St. Lewis, 151 return to camp, 151

Nahordikhes Indians, 162

Nations, Names, 126, 146

Nation, What is meant here by it, 146

Natives entertained, 118

New England, 21, 151

New France, 8, 196, 215, 216

New Mexico, 140

New Spain, 122

Niagara River, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19

Nicolet, 1

Nipicingue Lake, 201

Odd Salutation, 85

Ohio Project, 4 River, 3, 4, 5, 22

Omeaosse Indians, 126

Onapien Indians, 126

Outahouacs Indians, 199

Ontario Lake, 4, 8, 19, 42

Onondaga, 8

Orcampion Indians, 127

Oris killed, 87

Ory, 54

Otenmarhem Indians, 126

Paget, 56

Parkman, 2, 10, 11, 12, 18, 21, 26, 28, 29, 89

Palaquechaune Indians, 128

Panego Indians, 127

Pehir Indians, 126

Peihoum Indians, 127

Peisacho Indians, 127

Peoria Lake, 15

Persons that went, 54

Petao Indians, 127

Petit Gouave, 59, 60, 61, 63

Petzares Indians, 127

Pichar Indians, 127

Pines, Island of, 62, 63, 64

Plenty of game, 171

Planteroze (M.), 54, 101, 110

Portable Canoe, 125

Port de Paix, 59, 60, 61

Poutouanni Indians, 199

Pottawatomies, 4, 21

Presents, 171

Primitehouy Lake, 187

Princess’s River, 117, 119

Provisions hid spoilt, 132

Ptolomy, 22

Quebec, 11, 41, 42, 44

Quintonan River, 198

Récollet Friars, 8, 9, 26, 90, 99, 204 Accidents concerning, 112

Red River, 202

Richelieu (Cardinal), 2

Rio Grande River, 23, 202

River aux Bœufs, 103 of Bullocks, 97 of Canoes, 132

Rochelle, 26, 202 return to, 55

Rocky Mountains, 23

Rouen, 2, 27, 29, 202

Ruter, 149, 150 Kills Liotot, 154

Santo Domingo, 25, 56

Salt found in pools, 92 water spring, 186

Sault Ste. Marie, 13

Savages, A company of, 80 come to the boat, 70 carryed aboard, 71 return ashore with gifts, 71 friendly behaviour, 81 their camp, 81 their entertainment, 82

Second Landing, 73 settlement, 93, 96 ill posture of, 95

Seignelay, Marquis de, 10, 25

Senecas, 3, 195 Village (Irondequoit), 4

Seven set out for Canada, 161

Shea, Dr. John Gilmary, 22

Ships, 54

Six men killed by natives, 101

Sombrero Island, 58

South Sea, 42

Spain, 25

Spaniards, 25, 56, 127, 129, 150, 210

Spanish, 6 Incursions, 26 Vessel appears, 91

Spicheats Indians, 126

St. Bernard’s Bay, 97

St. Barbara, Mines of, 42

St. Cosmo, 203

St. Jerome River, 213

St. Joseph River, 14, 15, 19 Fort, 20 Bay, 89

St. Lewis (or Louis) Bay, 97, 99, 103, 117 Fort, 24, 25, 26, 28 (of Texas), 97

St. Lewis River, 206, 213

St. Laurent, Marquis de, 60, 61

St. Lawrence River, 19, 41, 49, 202

St. Mary’s Fall, 200

St. Philip River, 213

“Starved Rock”, 15, 18, 24

Stores they had, 98

Strange adventure, 102

Sulpitians, 2, 3, 4, 5, 26

Superior, Lake, 4, 12

Sweet water from a tree, 198

Talon (Intendant), 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 43

Teao Indians, 127

Teissier, 138, 160, 161, 188, 201

Tessalon, Village of, 200

Texas, 108

Theauremets Indians, 126

Thecamenes Indians, 126

Thibault, Sieur, 54, 99

Thick woods, 119

Third landing, 76

Tonti, Hendri de, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 47, 48, 49, 176, 177, 188, 190, 196, 197, 202, 203 comes to Fort Lewis, 195 ’s mistake in account of voyage, 64

Tohaka Indians, 126

Tohan Indians, 127

Tonningua, Village, 182

Toriman officers, 181 Village, 181

Tortuga Island, 59

Trade Wind, 57

Travel continued, 197

Tsepehoen Indians, 127

Tsera Indians, 127

Two men killed, 115

West Indies, 210

Wild fowl, 120 fruit, 186 swine, 63

Veracruz, 206, 207, 209, 211

Vermilion Sea, 3

Vespusius, Americus, 23

Zenobius, Father, 62, 117, 152, 203