Chapter 2

III. PICTURES AND THEIR USE 36 What Should We Notice in a Picture? 36 Line 36 Light and Shade 37 Tone and Color 39 Composition 39 Atmosphere and Perspective 40 Application of Principles 41 _Bob and Tiny Tim_ 41 Pictures and Their Value in Literature 44 On the Use of Pictures in _Journeys_ 48 _Nursery Rhymes_ 51 _Jack and the Beanstalk_ 52 _Nurse Helps Me when I Embark_ 52 _Wynken, Blynken, and Nod_ 53 _Shuffle-Shoon and Amber-Locks_ 54 _Tom and the Dragon Fly_ 55 _The Swallow and the Stork Came_ 55 _Down Tumbled Wheelbarrow_ 58 _Geraint Hears Enid Singing_ 60

IV. TELLING STORIES 63 _The Fairies of the Caldon-Low_ 68 _Little Giffin of Tennessee_ 71 _The Ballad of Agincourt_ 74 _Hervé Riel_ 78

V. READING, AND THE BUILDING OF CHARACTER 85 _Who Stole the Bird's Nest?_ 95 _Lead, Kindly Light_ 98 _Poor Richard's Almanac_ 101

VI. FATHER AND SON 107

VII. MEMORIZING 128 One Hundred Choice Quotations 131

VIII. HOW TO READ FICTION 143 Different Kinds of Literature 143 Reading Stories 145 Plot 149 _Cinderella_ 150 Persons 156 _The Hardy Tin Soldier_ 158 The Scenes 162 _The Dog and His Shadow_ 164 _The Fox and the Stork_ 166 _A Christmas Carol_ 168 The Lesson and the Author's Purpose 170 _The Fir Tree_ 173 The Method and Style of the Author 174 Emotional Power 176 _Rab and His Friends_ 177 General Principles and Reflections 181 Completed Studies 185 _The Hare and the Tortoise_ 185 _The Fox and the Crow_ 187 _The Drummer_ 193 _Tom, the Water Baby_ 198 _The Passing of Arthur_ 214

IX. CLOSE READING OR STUDY 224 _Rab and His Friends_ 225 _Braddock's Defeat_ 227 _Industry and Sloth_ 229 _Why the Sea is Salt_ 231 _Faithless Sally Brown_ 232 _The Definition of a Gentleman_ 234 _Adventures in Lilliput_ 235 _The Heart of Bruce_ 238 _Annie Laurie_ 243 _The Lost Child_ 243 _David Crockett in the Creek War_ 244 _The Impeachment of Warren Hastings_ 248 From _The Death of Cæsar_ 253

X. CLOSE READING (Concluded) 256 The Author 257 Sentences 258 Figures of Speech 259 Allusions 259 Basis of Figures 262 Simile 263 Metaphor 264 Synecdoche and Metonymy 265 Apostrophe and Personification 266 Studies in Figures 268 _Ode to a Skylark_ 268 _A Visit from Saint Nicholas_ 270 _The First Snowfall_ 270

XI. READING POETRY 272 _The Reaper and the Flowers_ 272 _The Brown Thrush_ 276 _The Child's World_ 277 _Seven Times One_ 278 _The First Snowfall_ 281 _The Potato_ 285 _Origin of the Opal_ 285 _The Barefoot Boy_ 286 _The Bugle Song_ 287 _The Petrified Fern_ 291 _The Forsaken Merman_ 295 _The Cloud_ 301 _Ode to a Skylark_ 306

XII. READING ALOUD 311 Articulation and Enunciation 311 Emphasis and Inflection 312 Emotional States 312 Pitch 312 Rate or Time 313 Quality 315 Force 315

XIII. LITERATURE AND ITS FORMS 317 Prose 318 Methods of Expression 318 Narration 318 Description 321 Exposition 321 Argumentation 322 Forms of Prose 322 Fiction 322 Essays 322 Orations 324 Drama 325 Poetry 327 Structure of Poetry 328 Rhythm 328 Rhyme 329 Alliteration 330 Kinds of Poetry 331 Epic 331 Lyric 333 Songs 333 Ode 335 Elegy 335 Sonnet 337 _Victor and Vanquished_ 338 Dramatic 339 Miracle Plays 340 Morality Plays 340 Masques 341 Tragedies and Comedies 341

XIV. JOURNEYS IN ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL--READING AND LANGUAGE 345 Reading 348 Language 349 Oral Lessons 352 _The Wind and the Sun_ 357 Written Lessons 360 Introduction 360 Literature in Written Lessons 363 Narration 363 _Robin Hood and the Stranger_ 363 Description 365 _The King of the Golden River_ 366 Exposition 368 _Cid Campeador_ 368 Argument 370 _The Boston Massacre_ 370 Conclusion 376 _An Exciting Canoe Race_ 376

XV. JOURNEYS IN ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL--NATURE STUDY 380 Seven Long Selections 381 _Tom, the Water Baby_ 381 _Robinson Crusoe_ 382 _The Swiss Family Robinson_ 382 _Brute Neighbors_ 383 _The Pond in Winter_ 384 _Winter Animals_ 384 _Trees and Ants that Help Each Other_ 385 Classified Selections 386 Flowers and Plant Life 386 Birds 387 Four-footed Animals 389 Reptiles 391 Insects 391 Denizens of the Water 391 Natural Phenomena 392 Geography in Nature 392 Complete Study 393 _The King of the Golden River_ 393

XVI. JOURNEYS IN ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL--GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 400 Classified References 402 Model Geography Lesson 411 The Wind 411 Model History Lessons 413 Alfred the Great 413 Burgoyne's Campaign 419

XVII. JOURNEYS IN ITS RELATION TO THE HIGH SCHOOL 425 Classification of Studies 427 Type Studies 431

XVIII. RECITATIONS AND SPECIAL DAYS IN SCHOOL 436 Bird Day 437 Memorial Day 438 Christmas 438 Birthdays 438 Dramatization 439 An Old-Fashioned Afternoon 440

XIX. HANDY LIST OF THE STUDIES IN JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND 441