Part 6

"Klein, t. 11. f. 62" (cited in the 'Systema'), and "d'Arg. t. 25. f.G" (the description of which suits better than the drawing) are the additions of the MS.: "sesquilatiore" was the printed emendation of "latiore."

T. VIRGATA. _T._ ovata, striis transversis retrorsum imbricatis, dentibus lateralibus.

The erroneous reference to d'Argenville was not present: "Klein, 158. Tellina virgata Rumphii" had been added by Linnæus. A very large portion of the printed account is wanting in the MS., to wit--"æquales. Intus radiis obsolete incarnatis picta." "Labris rugosis et scabris," "hymene tectis. Anus est rima concava," "primores," "transversi cum cavitate pro oppositis dentibus," "longitudinalem." The "retrorsum" was originally "sursum"; "dextrum" was "sinistram"; "Tertius dens" was "Altera testa."

T. GARI. _T._ ovalis, striis transversis retrorsum imbricatis, dentibus lateralibus nullis.

The G in the reference to Rumphius, and the F in the reference to d'Argenville were misprints for D and I, and were so published in the 'Systema:' the "primoribus" was an emendation.

T. ALBIDA. _T._ ovalis, lævis, nymphis prominulis. "Primores" was an emendation. The species was unnamed.

T. FOLIACEA. _T._ antice scabra, rima serrata.

The Rumphian name "folium" was the intended appellation: "Klein, 162. t. 11. f. 64" was cited, as in the 'Systema': "aciatum" was the reading for the printed "acutum."

T. PLANATA. _T._ ovata plana, transversim striata, marginibus acutis.

The erroneous reference to Gualtieri (whose figure C looks more like the species than his G) is not to be found in the manuscript. The species was not named.

T. LÆVIGATA. _T._ ovata lævis, nymphis intractis.

The figure of _T. chloroleuca_ in Rumphius was not quoted, neither was the hence-derived appellation attached: the "radiato" and "primoribus" were also subsequent additions.

T. RADIATA. _T._ ovali-oblonga, longitudinaliter substriata, sutura postica canaliculata. "Obsoletis" and "primores" were subsequent emendations.

T. ROSTRATA. _T._ oblonga, antice angulato-rostrata.

The _T. rostrata_ of the final edition of the 'Systema' was assuredly the _T. Spengleri_, and with that shell solely will the printed account in the 'Museum Ulricæ' accord. But the five earlier lines of the description (save "et albus"), and the detailed dentition (except "fossula distinctus"), with the varieties _a_, _b_, _g_, and the same synonyms as in the tenth edition of the 'Systema,' appear in the MS. with the name _T. petasunculus_ attached. Whether designedly or not, there was a pictorial definition of _T. vulsella_ in the earlier 'Systema;' and if an author be not allowed to amend his description, _T. vulsella_ is better entitled than _T. Spengleri_ to the name _rostrata_. "Margo exterior parum repandum est" was written in the MS.

T. REMIES. _T._ rugosa, suborbiculata.

The expressions "hians," "primores," "remoti," and the last five words of the details were absent; "utrinque" followed "duo": "non" in place of "vix" was the earlier reading.

T. SCOBINATA. _T._ scabra orbiculata.

"Primores," and "in altera testa profunda fossula distinctus," were not in the copy.

CARDIUM.

Cardo dentibus baseos binis, marginis solitariis remotis acutis. Valvulæ gibbæ, hinc figura cordis.

BUCARDIUM was the epithet applied in the written copy to the members of this genus, to which the _Solen bullatus_ of the 'Systema' was correctly referred. _Mactra_ had not then been separated.

C. COSTATUM. _Buc._ sulcis costis elevatis membranaceis.

The original description has been somewhat enlarged in the press, by the addition of "brevissimis," "et extrorsum flexis," "fossula distinctus; at vero ille sub anno quasi duplex"; "minus vero ad latera sulcata," moreover, was simply "ad alterum latus": the only expression omitted in printing was "reflexus," which followed "Anus margine."

C. CARDISSA. _Buc._ compressum, valvis carinatis, natibus contiguis.

"Colum. Aqu. 19. t. 16" (cited also in the 'Systema') was quoted in the MS. from which the "vix," "subcontigui," "remotus, validus, fossula distinctus," were absent. The "Rima" was termed "subrotunda" instead of "cordata."

C. HEMICARDIUM. _Buc._ subquadrilaterum: valvulis carinatis, umbonibus distantibus.

"Fasciis" was a misprint for the original "facies": "sulcis convexis" was written "sulcis excavato-rugosis." There was no specific appellation.

C. MEDIUM. _Buc._ subcordatum subangulatum; valvulis angulatis sulcatis lævibus.

The prefatory remarks were the only portion of the printed description to be found in the MS. The species was not named, but was quoted in the 'Systema' before the publication of its details.

C. ACULEATUM (misprinted "muricatum"). _Buc._ subcordatum, sulcis convexis, linea cava exaratis, versus apicem dentatis.

The intended name was _verum_.

C. ECHINATUM. _Buc._ subcordatum, sulcis acutis exaratis linea elevata ciliata aculeis inflexis plurimis.

"List. Ang. 188. t. 5. f. 33, Pectunculus echinatus," "Bonan. 2. t. 90," "Gesu. Aq. 131, 132," "Faun. Suec. 1339," "Rondel. Aq. 22," were the original synonyms, to which our author had subsequently added "Klein, 139. t. 10. f. 40." "Alba" followed "gibba"; "parum antrorsum inflexis" was the reading for the printed "erectis subulatis"; "extrorsum" for the "uti extus": "brevioribus. Anus lævis, sutura simplici prominula," "recurvi," "fossula distinctus," were emendations.

C. TUBERCULATUM. _Buc._ subcordatum, sulcis obtusis nodosis transversim striatis.

"Gualt. t. 71. f. M." was a correct additional synonym.

C. ISOCARDIA. _Buc._ cordatum, sulcis imbricatis squamis fornicatis.

"Klein, 138. isocardia fragum" had been interpolated by Linnæus; hence the name, which was not in the original. The "fossula distincti" has replaced the earlier "validi."

C. FRAGUM. _Buc._ subcordatum subangulatum, sulcis notatis semicirculis elevatis.

By the addition of "mala" to the erroneously cited figure of Gualtieri, our author has virtually repudiated it. "Spinosæ" followed "Pruni;" the fallacious "s. rubris" was not present, nor "sæpe" either; "anteriore" stood in the place of "postico," and "postico" in that of "antico." The descriptions of the "rima" and "anus" have been added: "recurvati" and "fossula distincti" were amplifications.

C. UNEDO. _Buc._ subcordatum, sulcis lunulis coloratis.

C. MURICATUM. _Buc._ subrotundum sulcatum, lateribus muricatis.

C. MAGNUM. _Buc._ oblongum, sulcis angulatis latere serratis.

I had hoped to have found the 19 a misprint, but the MS. and the printed copy agree precisely in every particular.

C. FLAVUM. _Buc._ subovatum sulcatum, latere altero scabrum, altero dentatum.

The redundant "subovata" was not in the copy, where the remark was made that the species resembled the shell subsequently termed _Chama cor_, the figure of which (Gualt. t. 71. f. E.) had been cited, but erased in the MS. The ideal hence derived is a very different shell from the one supposed identical. No mention is made of lateral teeth: was it then a veritable _Cardium_?

C. LÆVIGATUM. _Buc._ ovatum, striis læviusculis longitudinalibus.

I do not consider this (the _B. striatum_ of the MS.) to be identical with the _C. lævigatum_ of the 'Systema.'

C. SERRATUM. _Buc._ ovale læve, antice serratum.

"Ovata" stood in the place of the printed "obovata": "curvatus" and "parvi" were subsequent to the MS.

C. TRISTE. _Buc._ ovatum læve, rima anoque obsolete striatis.

The 'Museum' was referred to for this shell previously to the publication of the details. Curious to relate, the species was wholly omitted in the twelfth edition of the 'Systema.' It was, in all probability, a _Mactra_, which genus had not been constituted at the period when the description of _C. triste_ was issued.

C. PECTINATUM. _Buc._ subcordatum, striis hinc longitudinalibus, illine transversalibus.

The erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not present in the written copy.

* * * * *

Mention was made in the 'Systema' of a _Solen bullatus_, for a more detailed account of which the reader was referred to the 'Museum Ulricæ.' No such species appeared in the published edition; but the omitted shell (a veritable _Cardium_) was thus described in the unprinted version:--

BUC. BULLATUM. _B._ subrotundum, antice crenato-hians.

Rump. 143. t. 44. f. N. Pecten bullatus.

Testa subrotunda, inflata, gibba, fragilis, pellucida, substriata, rufo nebulosa, antice hians, margine serrato. Umbones tumidi, obtusi, reflexi. Rima minima brevissima. Ani regio obsoleta. Dens cardinis fere unicus, minimus. Marginales solitarii, remoti, compressi, majores.

DONAX.

TRUNCULUS was the proposed name of this genus, which was thus characterized:--

Testa compressa, antice obtusissima, retusa. Cardinis dentibus 2, marginis unicus.

D. SCORTUM was wisely omitted.

D. PUBESCENS. _Trun._ antice spinis ciliatus.

D. RUGOSA. _Trun._ antice rugosus, marginibus crenatis.

The printed "cuneiformis" has replaced the earlier "majuscula"; and "crenulatis" was originally "undulatis." "Intus subviolacea est" was not in the written copy.

D. TRUNCULUS. _Trun._ antice lævis, marginibus crenatis.

The reference to Klein was not in the original, but "d'Arg. t. 25. f. L." was quoted (as in the twelfth edition of the 'Systema'). The last seven words printed were not in the copy. The intended name was _gibbus_.

D. CUNEATA. _Trun._ cuneiformis, marginibus integerrimis.

The final remark was not in the copy, where "parva, ovata," preceded "cuneiformis." The then unpublished details were quoted in the 'Systema.'

D. SCRIPTA. _Trun._ ovatus lævis scriptus.

The erroneous citation of Gualtieri (a misprint for 88. f. Q.) was not in the copy, and, as the figure represents the _D. trunculus_ in the page opposite, I suspect was carelessly placed here by the printer, when our author had inserted it in his revised proof. I suspect this error often occurred, as for instance in _Tellina planata_ and _radiata_, where Gualtieri's figure (added during revision) was attached to the former instead of to the latter. "Margo interne crenulatus," and nearly the entire account of the teeth, were emendations.

D. MURICATA. _Trun._ ovatus, striis muricatis, margine denticulato.

"Postice solitarii" followed the final "utrinque": "primores" was an emendation.

VENUS.

This genus (as a whole) was not to be found in the manuscript System. Its components were distributed into three groups, two of which bore names that were subsequently allotted to forms very remote from those therein so designated.

CUNNUS. Testa subrotunda. Rima nymphis instructa. Dentes cardinis 4, lateralibus divaricatis versus latera. This contained the bulk of the _Veneres_, all except Nos. 63, 66, and those referred to _Pholas_ and _Chama_.

PHOLAS. Testa lenticularis. Rima fissa, destituta nymphis. Dentes cardinis 1 s. 2, marginalis tantum intra anum. _V. Pennsylvanica_, _incrustata_, _punctata_, _edentula_, _exoleta_, _scripta_, _pectinata_, _ziczac_ were its constituents.

CHAMA. Testa ovalis cum angulo. Cardo dentibus 4 confertis, quorum unus in singula valvula bifidus. In this were located _V. literata, rotundata, decussata_.

V. DIONE. _Cun._ cordatus, antice pubescenti-spinosus.

The same references to Petiver, Olearius, and Lister were present as in the 'Systema.' The final remark was an addition. The proposed name was _C. Veneris_.

V. MARICA. _Cun._ subcordatus, decussatim striatus, pube lamellosa.

V. DYSERA. _Cun._ testa subcordata, sulcis transversis reflexis, labiis concavis incumbentibus.

Neither "Huic rugæ, &c.," "lævis," nor the synonym of Lister were in the original.

V. CHIONE. _Cun._ subovatus, lævis.

The erroneous reference to d'Argenville was not inserted in the MS., from which "lanceolatis," likewise, was absent.

V. MACULATA. _Cun._ testa ovato-cordata lævis.

"Lanceolata" and "ovato-oblongus" have been additions. The observation that it was difficult to distinguish this shell (which was not named in the MS.) from the following, would mislead one, since the remark referred to two unpublished species, which it originally preceded.

V. MERETRIX. _Cun._ subcordatus glaber, labris gibbis, nymphis apice hiantibus.

_C. vulgatus_ was the name originally designed.

V. CASTRENSIS. Cun. suborbiculatus glaber, characteribus scriptus.

V. MEROE. _Cun._ sutura postica hians.

V. FIMBRIATA. _Cun._ subrotundus decussatus rugosus, longitudinaliter striatus.

D'Argenville was not referred to.

V. RETICULATA. _Cun._ subcordatus, striis crenatis decussatis, ano cordato.

V. tigerina. Cun. suborbiculatus, striis crenatis decussatis, ano ovato.

The name was an error, having been derived from the "Lingua tigerina" of Rumphius (his figure G., not H.): _fuliginosus_ was the one originally intended.

V. PROSTRATA. _Pho._ orbiculata, transverse striata, labiis scabro-membranaceis.

The unpublished details had been previously referred to in the 'Systema.'

V. PENNSYLVANICA. _Pho._ glabra, rugosa, antice sulco longitudinali.

"Habitat in Pennsylvania," and "subdiaphana," were the unprinted additions. The "margo interne crenatus," "nates sub-recurvatæ," and "color intus versus marginem violaceus," were not in the copy. The last character (so utterly inappropriate to the features of _Lucina P._) was, I suspect, intended for _punctata_ on the page opposite.

V. INCRUSTATA. _Pho._ glaberrima lævissima, punctis excavata.

The details were referred to in the 'Systema' before their publication.

V. PUNCTATA. _Pho._ longitudinaliter sulcata.

The G in the reference to Rumphius was a misprint for the written D, from which figure ("Chama pectinata") our author had proposed to borrow the specific name, but subsequently had preferred the published designation. "Klein, 147. Actinobolos æquilatera" has been added to the MS. by Linnæus.

V. EXOLETA. _Pho._ decussatim striata.

The original synonymy and details have been so transmuted in the press, that it is manifest that the amended (!) species was perfectly distinct from the shell originally designed. The name of the latter was _clathrata_, and the declared sculpture was not merely "transversim," but "et longitudinaliter" likewise (in place of "striis retrorsis"). The reference (added by Linnæus) was not to Gualtieri, but to Lister, 335, f. 172, and its copy in Klein (t. 10. f. 52), both which would have more appropriately been assigned to _V. reticulata_. The _V. exoleta_ having been previously defined in the 'Systema,' this confusion becomes of little importance.

V. ZICZAC. _Pho._ striis transversis membranaceis erectis.

The number which indicates the position of this species in the 'Museum' has been subsequently ('Syst.' ed. 12) referred to _V. cancellata_, yet, judging from the generic appellation (and consequent dentition), it could scarcely have been that well-known species. The "lentiformi" of the 'Systema' (ed. 10), where the name _ziczac_ first appeared, forbids the annexation; but, although the details of the 'Museum' were there referred to, the obnoxious word was not mentioned in that publication. The following are the printed emendations (?): "lævis, et quasi excisa," "compressa," "variat colore albissimo."

V. PECTINATA. _Pho._ sulcis longitudinalibus nodosis, antice antrorsum ramosa.

The additional synonym of "Gualt, D. 75, f. A." appears in the MS., where "quam reliquæ" follows "orbiculata," and in place of "In area antica" may be read "et a primo sulco." The details there terminate with the word "lanceolatum," "_Ramosa_" was the intended name.

V. SCRIPTA. _Pho._ striata, postice angulo recto circumscripta.

The incorrect figure of d'Argenville was not indicated.

V. EDENTULA. _Pho._ subgloboso-lenticulata rugosa edentula.

V. LITERATA. _Cha._ transversim striato-ovata.

The earlier reading of confertim was "profunde"; "striis crenulatis antice et postice," "lanceolata," and "tres s." were absent.

V. ROTUNDATA. _Cha._ transversim striata ovata absque angulo.

The printed additions are "varius in variis," "aut albis," "lanceolata," and the final remark. There was no name attached in the MS.

V. DECUSSATA. _Cha._ testa ovata, decussatim striata.

"Sæpe" and "minimus" are the sole printed additions.

* * * * *

Probably the _V. Phryne_ of the 'Systema' was designed by the following unpublished description:--

CUN. VENOSUS. C. subcordatus lævis lateribus rugosis. Testa cinerea, nuce coryli major, gibba, glabra, antice et postice transversim sulcata. Margo exterius tantum denticulatus, non vero apex externus, aut margines laterales.

The _V. macrodon_ answers fairly enough to this definition.

SPONDYLUS.

This very natural genus was confused with _Chama_, and thus characterized:--

Testa imbricata. Cardo e callo gibbo oblique inserto fossula obliqua.

* * * * *

S. GÆDEROPUS. _S._ imbricatus auritus, cardine dentato.

"Rumph. t. 48. f. 1," "Gualt. t. 99. f. E. F. G," "Bonan. 2. f. 21," "Rondel. c. 40. p. 41," were the additional synonyms of the MS. The "ad cardinem truncata" was an emendation for the previous "breviore": the "superiore" a misprint for the written "inferiore": the final remark was not present.

S. REGIUS. _S._ spinosus sulcatus inauritus cardine dentato.

No name was attached to this species: the previous one had been termed _Pectinites_.

S. PLICATUS. Not mentioned in the manuscript.

CHAMA.

The members of this genus were included in _Spondylus_, except _cordiformis_, which was referred to BUCARDIUM.

C. GIGAS. _Sp._ plicatus squamosus, ano hiante crenato.

The species as originally defined was more comprehensive in its details than when printed; for the restricting "decussatim" had not been added, and "Gualt. t. 93. f. B." was an additional synonym. The printed additions were "obsoletis," "Margine reflexo," "exteriore duplicato longiore," and the final remark. _S. imbricatus_ was the intended name.

C. HIPPOPUS. _Sp._ plicatus muricatus, ano retuso clauso dentato.

"Arg. t. 26. f. H." was an additional synonym of the MS.: the printed 20 should have been 10, as written: "ut in præcedente" was an emendation: _S. asper_ was the proposed name.

C. LAZARUS. _Sp._ imbricatus.

Seba was not cited: "obliquam" followed "fossam" in the MS. "Elevatis," "longitudine testæ," "productiore," "instar auris" formed no portion of the early description.

C. ANTIQUATA. _Sp._ subcordatus, sulcis perpendicularibus transversim striatis.

No name was attached to the original details, which appear to have been altered ("in aliis minimum cordatum impressum fuscum"), and the synonym of Bonanni added, in order to comprise that species (_Cardita sulcata_) which had been pictorially defined in the 'Systema.' "Gibba" was preceded by "admodum": "obsoletis" was not present. _Cardita bicolor, var. unicolor_ was probably intended.

C. SEMIORBICULATA. _Sp._ semiorbiculatus compressus, decussate striatus, rudis.

"Interior" was the earlier reading of "primarius."

C. CORDATA. _Sp._ cordatus, transversim striatus, hinc elongatus, compressus.

C. OBLONGA. _Sp._ oblongus, antice angulatus, dentibus anticis acutis.

"Unico" (error for "unicus") originally preceded "in altera valvula."

C. CORDIFORMIS. _Buc._ subrotundum læve, umbonibus recurvatis.

The brief description in the 'Systema' had evidently been copied in the manuscript by our author himself, who cited Gualt. t. 71. f. E. as the sole synonym. The specimen had apparently been added to the collection, subsequently to the drawing up of the first catalogue.

ARCA.

Testa crassa, umbonibus distantibus intus fornicatis. Cardo planus, masticatus dentibus numerosis minimis æqualibus transversis.

A. TORTUOSA. _A._ oblonga obliqua, valvula altera oblique carinata.

"Nates, &c." and "Cardo, &c." were the printed additions to the earlier description. The 'Systema' synonyms of Klein (t. 8. f. 16) and Bonanni (2. f. 128) were present in the manuscript.

A. NOÆ. _A._ oblonga angulata hians.

This manuscript furnishes us with the additional synonyms of

"Aldrov. 3. p. 513." and "Sloan. Hist. 2. p. 257. Musculus Matthioli," besides the previously published references to Lister (368. n. 208) and Bonanni (2. t. 32). The formation of the hinge was not, however, indicated, and the passage commencing with "Nates" has been enlarged from "Umbones remotissimæ, area interjecta concava, ad angulum rectum striata. Margo exterior in medio hians, apertura barbata."

The intended specific epithet was _A. Noemi_.

A. ANTIQUATA. _A._ testa oblique cordata, transversim sulcata, antice angulo compresso, rima intra rhombum transversim striata.

The admixture of two species (at the least) in the published edition resulted from the amalgamation of two earlier descriptions. To the above diagnosis belonged the printed details with the following important changes. In place of "extus striata longitudinaliter sulcis crenatis," the reading was simply "intus striata longitudinaliter," and in lieu of "interjecto spatio rhombeo plano," merely "rima patens."

The proposed name for this shell, from a supposition of its identity with the _Pecten virgineus_ of Rumphius, was _A. virginea_. The other species which Linnæus referred to the same numerals of the 'Systema' was not named, but was thus characterized:--

A. (Sys. n. 144). _A._ cordata, sulcis nodosis, rima decussatim striata.

List. Hist. ... Pecten polyleptoginglymus, &c.

Gualt. t. 87. f. C.

Testa reliquis magis gibba, albido-flavescens, sulcis xxx obtusis, transversim nodosis: nodis transversis, obtusissimis, imbricatis. Intus albida. Margo dentibus xxx argutiusculis. Rima sulco rhombeo circumscripta, disco decussatim vix manifeste striato. Umbones distantes ad neutrum latus flexi.

A. SENILIS. _A._ oblique cordata, octosulcata, lævis, antice hians, rima obtusangule striata.

Lister (without numerals!) was referred to in illustration; the early unimproved account of the beaks and ligamental area ran as follows: "Umbones distantes, oblique incurvati. Rima hians striata transversim ad angulos acutos": "et profunde immersis" was an addition.

A. GRANOSA. _A._ subcordata, sulcis muricatis, rima obtusangule striata, utrinque angulum formante.

The name was evidently borrowed from Rumphius, whose _Pecten granosus_ ("143. t. 44. f. K.") was referred to in the manuscript, though neither quoted in the printed copy nor in the 'Systema' (ed. x.). "Bonan. 2. n. 73," and Lister (without numerals) were also cited.

A. DECUSSATA. _A._ lenticularis, decussatim substriata, apicibus reflexis.

For a detailed account of this shell, to which no specific name was attached in the MS., the 'Museum Ulricæ' was referred to, previous to its publication.

A. PALLENS. _A._ lenticulari-subobliqua, decussatim striata, rima brevi.

This was the type referred to in the 'Systema.'

A. PECTUNCULUS. _A._ lenticularis sulcata, decussatim rugosa.

"Arg. t. 27. f. B," and Lister without numerals appended, were the unpublished synonyms. The expressions "leviter," "exteriore tenui; sulcata," "in arcum," were not parts of the original copy, which contained, however, the unprinted paragraph "latere interiore margine prominente notato." There was no specific name attached to either this or the next species.

A. GLYCIMERIS. _A._ lentiformis, transversim substriata, rima lævi.

The '_Chama glycimeris Bellonii_' of Lister (t. 247) was an unprinted synonym.

* * * * *

The following suppressed description of an unnamed Ark that was allied to, if it were not, _fusca_ or _barbata_, was found in the manuscript. The 'Museum' had been referred to in the synonymy of the latter in the 'Systema,' but the species was not mentioned in the published version.

_Arca_ ovalis, compressiuscula, apicibus subcontiguis.