Part 10

H. ARBUSTORUM. _H._ marginata perforata convexo-acuminata, ore suborbiculari, margine duplici, antice elongato.

"Faun. Suec. 1295" was the only synonym; the work of Lister on English Conchology not having been at first known to Linnæus.

H. UNGULINA. _H._ marginata perforata spiralis convexa, ore suborbiculato.

The "Gualt." was a misprint for the written "Rumph."

H. LUTARIA. _H._ ovata-oblonga umbilicata, interne coloratiore.

"Habitat frequens in lutosis fluviis, lacubus." May not the _Valvata piscinalis_ be the shell intended?

H. PERVERSA. _H._ ovato-oblonga subperforata glabra.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 44. f. 7", and "Grew. Mus. t. 10. f. 9" cited in the 'Systema', were also referred to in the MS. "Alba", and "in quibusdam", were interpolations in the Linnean handwriting: _H. sulphurata_ was the intended designation.

H. IANTHINA. _H._ subrotunda obtusa patula diaphana.

The entire account of this beautiful shell was written by Linnæus subsequently to the labours of his amanuensis: the twelve last printed words were not present. The cited figure of Gualtieri was not admitted, as a representation, but only alluded to in the final remark of "Confer Gualt. t. 64. f. O." "List. Hist. t. 572. f. 23", and "Sloan. Jam. 2. p. 239. t. 1. f. 4" were indicated as delineations.

H. NEMORALIS. _H._

"Habitat ubique in Europæ nemoribus", and "Argen. t. 32. f. 8", were the unprinted additions. Lister's English Conchology was not, of course, mentioned. "Flavescens" and "nigro-purpurascens", were not in the original.

H. HÆMASTOMA. _H._ imperforata subrotunda fusca fascia longitudinali subrecta alba, ore purpureo.

H. DECOLLATA. _H._ elongata lævis truncato-mutilata.

"Pet. Gaz. t. 66. f. 1", and "Habitat in Arabia. Hasselquist. Santa Cruz. Petiv." were the unprinted additions. The entire account was in the handwriting of our author.

H. AMARULA. _Nerita_ edentula oblonga, anfractibus multifariam denticulatis.

Our author was evidently puzzled as to the generic position of this peculiar-looking shell, for he has written "Habitu accedit ad Volutas vespertiliones, ore Helicibus, sed labium interius planum, et affinitas cum antecedenti fiat, ut hic relinquatur." The preceding shell alluded to was _N. corona_.

H. NERITOIDEA. _H._ convexa longitudinaliter striata.

The erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not present in the written copy.

H. PERSPICUA. _H._ convexo-ovata, labio interiore nullo, apertura ad apicem usque pervia.

The then unpublished details of both this and the preceding were referred to in the tenth edition of the 'Systema.' Patens was the proposed specific appellation.

H. HALIOTOIDEA. _H._ depresso-planiuscula obtusissima, ore ovali dilatato.

None of the cited figures were at first accepted by our author, who only added that of Rumphius to the earlier description, and wholly omitted the rest. "Transverse" preceded "striata".

NERITA.

Testa subrotunda, obtusa. Labium interius planum, transversim truncatum, depressum.

The generic arrangement was similar to that of the printed version.

N. CANRENA. _N._ edentula umbilicata, spira mucronata, labio reflexo bifido.

When Linnæus first described this shell, under the appellation of _N. musica_, he did not admit a single one of the cited figures as illustrative.

N. GLAUCINA. _N._ edentula convexa, umbilico simplici semiclauso gibboso dicolore.

None of the deceptive figures were at first referred to, but had been added at subsequent period; and that of Rumphius again erased. _N. luteola_ was the intended name.

N. ALBUMEN. _N._ edentula subrotunda, umbilico teretinsculo.

The present heading agrees with the subsequent details, which could not be affirmed of the printed one borrowed from the 'Systema.' The MS., in some degree, clears up the extraordinary confusion in which the Linnean species was enveloped. There were two _N. albumens_ in the written copy. The shell here described (assuredly not the lobed _albumen_ of the 'Systema') was originally termed _hepatica_ or _luteola_ (for both had been erased). The true _albumen_ was described as "edentula subrotunda, umbilico subcordato labri interioris lobo explanato" and the only figure referred to was "Rumph. t. 22. f. B." "Klein 13. Platystoma vitellum compressum" was also mentioned. This description was suppressed, and the other species retained, with the erroneous designation, and the faulty synonymy, attached. Nor was this the only change. In order to include the _Natica vitellus_ of authors ("Rumph. t. 22. f. A. Valvata lævis prima s. vitellus" had been quoted by our author) the "aut lutea", "aut maculis albis", had been added to the earlier description: so, likewise, had been "Apertura rotundata, semicordata", and "glabrum, planiusculum, nitidum." I suspect, then, that whilst the ideal of the _albumen_ of the 'Systema' was any hemispherical or flattened _Natica_ with a labial lobe (such as _Nat. albumen_, _didyma_, _olla_, _&c._), the _albumen_ of the 'Museum', as printed, was composed of _Natica rufa_ ("Rumph. 22. f. D." was quoted in the MS.) and _vitellus_ (for A, not B, of Rumphius was the letter indicated in the MS.).

N. MAMMILLA. The entire account of this common shell was added in the Linnean handwriting. The inappropriate "aut lutea" was not at first present.

N. CORONA. _N._ edentula, simplici spira spinosa.

"Pet. Amb. t. 3. f. 4.", a mere copy of the Rumphian figure, was also quoted. The 19 in the reference to d'Argenville was a misprint for the written 10. _N. spinosa_ was the intended designation.

N. RADULA. _N._ edentula sulcata, tuberculis æqualibus.

The valvata granulata of Rumphius (t. 22. f. M.) was referred to at illustrative.

N. CORNEA. _N._ edentula, obsolete striata.

N. BIDENS. _N._

"Obsoletis" followed "duobus": the name had been written subsequent to the description.

N. VIRGINEA. _N._ subedentula ovata lævis.

"Dentibus pluribus minutissimis" preceded "oris"; "Pet. Gaz. t. 11. f. 3" was in the place of the delusive figure of d'Argenville: the variety d was a subsequent addition.

N. POLITA. _N._ lævis, labiis dentatis.

The 1 in the synonym of Rumphius was a misprint for the written I.

N. PELERONTA. _N._ striata, labiis dentatis, interiore planiusculo rugoso.

The erroneous synonym was added, along with the name peleronta, to the written details: _N. rufa_ was the original appellation.

N. ALBICILLA. _N._ striata, labiis subdentatis, interiore tuberculato.

N. HISTRIO. _N._ sulcata, transversim striata, labio interiore dentato.

The name, and the synonym, were added by Linnæus to the written details.

N. PLICATA. _N._ sulcata, labiis profunde dentatis, interiore rotundato, exteriore utrinque dentibus acutis conicis.

The variety alluded to was a subsequent addition. The details of the 'Museum' had been quoted, in anticipation, for this species.

N. GROSSA. _N._ sulcata labiis dentatis, interiore convexo rugoso.

N. CHAMÆLEON. _N._ sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore rugoso tuberculato.

"Habitat in Banda", and "compositis" after "subtilissimis", are the unprinted additions.

N. UNDATA. _N._ sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore rugoso, tuberculato.

The erroneous figure of Gualtieri was not cited when the description was drawn up, but added to the details, along with "confluentibus. Spira acuta prominens", when the present name was substituted for the earlier _nebulata_.

N. EXUVIA. _N._ sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore denticulato.

HALIOTIS.

Testa univalvis, patens, convexa. Spira obsoleta, lateralis. Foramina lateralia pervia.

H. MIDÆ. _H._ subrotunda, utrinque nitida.

_Humana_ was the intended specific appellation.

H. TUBERCULATA. _H._ subovata, rugis transversis tuberculatis.

The reference to Lister was an emendation.

H. STRIATA. _H._ ovata, transversim rugosa, longitudinaliter striata.

No name was attached to either this or any member of the genus, except the first.

H. VARIA. _H._ ovata, striis longitudinalibus, majoribus tuberculatis.

H. MARMORATA. _H._ ovata, striis longitudinalibus, transversis obsoletis.

H. ASININA. _H._ oblonga, extra foramina angulata, striis elevatis.

H. PARVA. _H._ ovata, angulo inter foramina et spiram.

All the headings in this genus are similar to those in the 'Systema'.

PATELLA.

Testa conica, convexa. Spira regularis nulla vera.

The limits of this genus were precisely those of the printed edition.

P. EQUESTRIS. _P._ ungue fornicali nutante.

P. NERITOIDEA. _P._ integra ovata, apice subspirali, labio laterali.

"Supra" preceded "convexa", and the "fere" was before "apice".

P. CHINENSIS. _P._ conica latior lævis, labio interno laterali.

This was an addition to the original catalogue.

P. PORCELLANA. _P._ basi interne labiata, pone mucronato-subspiralis.

P. CREPIDULA was not mentioned in the manuscript.

P. SACCHARINA. _P._ margine sinuato, carinata, costis 7.

"Pet, Amb. t. 3. f. 3", and "Klein 117. t. 8. f. 4", were additional synonyms: both are in the 'Systema.'

P. BARBARA. _P._ dentata, costis 19 elevatis.

P. GRANULARIS. _P._ margine dentato, striis elevatis mucronibus imbricatis.

The erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not in the original.

P. GRANATINA. _P._ margine angulato, striis 11 lævibus.

"Interius" was the earlier reading of "subtus".

P. TUBERCULATA. _P._ dentata conica tuberculata, postice sima.

_Sima_ was the earlier name in the MS., but was erased by Linnæus.

P. LUTEA. _P._ integerrima striata, vertice mucronato inflexo.

P. UNGUIS. _P._ ovali-oblonga, apice emarginata, mucrone dorsali carinato.

_Unguiformis_ was the intended appellation.

P. TESTUDINARIA. _P._ ovata glaberrima integerrima.

P. RUSTICA. _P._ integra, striis 50 obtusiusculis.

P. FUSCA. _P._ ovata integerrima, striis elevatis, vertice obtuso.

The intended name was _cinereo-nigricans_.

P. CRUCIATA. _P._ ovalis convexa integerrima, cruce picta.

P. RETICULATA. _P._ conica compressa, superficie reticulata.

The suggestion I have elsewhere made that this uncertain shell might prove the European _Pedicularia_, induces me to remark that, although _P. Sicula_ has been supposed to be a comparatively modern discovery, Favanne had long ago delineated it in the fourth plate (f. H. 1.) of his enlarged edition of d'Argenville.

P. NIMBOSA. _P._ conica ovalis, costis confertis, vertice perforato.

The discrepancy between the heading borrowed from the 'Systema', and the after details, is removed by the substitution of the original one. The shell was termed _perforata_ (not _nimbosa_), and was wrongly identified by Linnæus with the striated brown _Fissurella_ of the 'Systema'.

* * * * *

In addition to the printed species, the two following were present in the manuscript copy.

P. SOLARIS. _P._ ovata integerrima, striis subnodosis, vertice acutiusculo.

Testa ovata, diaphana, magnitudine extimi articuli digiti, margine integerrimo, lævis, striis subtilissimis inæqualibus numerosissimis, fasciis longitudinalibus rubris albo passim maculatis. Mucro acutiusculus obliquus albidus.

This was placed in the section having a simple margin.

P. PERFOLIATA. _P._ conica, reclinata, perfoliata.

Testa magnitudine coryli nucis, conica, sed cono retro inclinato, acutissima, alba, imbricata lamellis horizontaliter testam cingentibus. Margo integer, ovalis, antrorsum gibbus s. dilatatus. Cavitas profunde glabra.

This description very fairly suits the _Patella antiquata_ of the twelfth edition of the 'Systema'.

DENTALIUM.

Testa univalvis, subcylindrica, utrinque aperta. Spira regularis nulla.

Although the _Serpulæ_ were intermingled, it is clear that they did not accord with the above definition.

D. ELEPHANTINUM. _D._ subulatum subarcuatum, angulatum.

The synonymy of the tenth edition was appended, Lister excepted; the erroneous 13 of the reference to the Gazophylaceum was erased. _Dens elephantis_ was the proposed trivial name.

D. ENTALIS. _D._ subulato-cylindricum, subarcuatum.

The terminal details were not furnished.

_D. dentalium_ was the intended appellation.

SERPULA.

In the original version of the 'Museum Ulricæ,' the members of this genus are not separated from the _Dentalia_ (a proof, among many others, of the early date of this catalogue). Linnæus, however, when revising the transcript, had meditated the withdrawing of _S. arenaria_ and _lumbricalis_, and constituted for them a nameless genus with the following definition:--

Testa tubulosa, isthmis concamerata, dissepimentis integris, nec perforatis, s. communicantibus.

This genus would have been the equivalent of the modern _Vermetus_.

S. TRIQUETRA. _D._ triquetrum, adhærens.

The reference to Gualtieri (whose figure was somewhat uncertain, yet probably designed for _Vermilia triquetra_) was queried. The proposed name was _D. parasiticum_.

S. CONTORTUPLICATA. _D._ teretiusculum, depressum, rugosum.

There was at first no name to the description of this shell; but it was added in the handwriting of Linnæus.

S. GLOMERATA. _D._ teres glomeratum.

The 'decussato-rugosa' of the 'Systema', applicable to the _'Vermetus subcancellatus_', the shell designed in that work, was not inserted. Gualtieri's figure is that of _Vermetus glomeratus_, for the colouring of which 'alba' would be a most inappropriate term.

S. LUMBRICALIS. _D._ spira divaricata teretiusculum, integrum.

D'Arg. t. 29. f. 1. was an additional synonym.

S. ARENARIA. _D._ teres rectiusculum intestiniforme.

Despite the name borrowed from Rumphius, the _Vermetus gigas_ was the object defined in the tenth edition of the 'Systema'. The absence from the manuscript of the reference to Gualtieri's drawing of that shell, and "rectiusculum" in the written diagnosis, confirms the conclusion previously arrived at, that the _Septaria arenaria_ of authors was the species intended in the 'Museum Ulricæ': it was subsequently termed _S. polythalamia_ by Linnæus. The delusive "subangulata" of the supposititious diagnosis was of course absent.

The _V. gigas_ was probably intended by the following unpublished description.

D. INTESTINIFORME. _D._ teres flexuosum intestiniforme.

Testa rudis crassitie digiti et ultro, flexuosa vario modo in diversis, integra, intus lævis.

S. ANGUINA.

The two very dissimilar _Siliquariæ_ united under this appellation in the 'Museum Ulricæ,' were originally held distinct. The prickly variety was the unpublished type, and was thus defined:--

D. ANGUINUM. _D._ spira inæquali angulata aculeata, sulco longitudinali perforata.

Rumph. 125. t. 41. f. H. Solen anguinus.

Lang. Test. 6. Tubulus vermicularis crista dentata.

Testa albida, teretiuscula, angulis 9 obsoletis. Anfractus inæquales, nunc confertiores, nunc remotiores. Sulcus longitudinalis in superiore latere perforatus serie punctorum. Spinæ breves, fornicatæ ad angulos in latere inferiore.

Condensation, that peculiar faculty of the mental organization of Linnæus, induced him to suppress this description, and attach the species, as a variety, to the form he had simultaneously characterized as _D._ spira elongata, teretiusculum, inerme, fissura longitudinali. Gualt. test. 10. f. z.

To this latter the published details belong, except the expression "passim concatenata et quasi poris pertusa" (which was a subsequent and fallacious addition), and the account of the variety.

S. PENIS. _D._ teres, extremitate radiata disco cylindris poroso.

"Bonan. i. f. 38.", indicated in the tenth edition of the 'Systema', was among the synonyms. The "Stigma, &c." was an addition; so too were "lævis," "tubulosis", and "æqualibus". The term "hemisphærico" has replaced the earlier "convexo."

In addition to the published species, the _S. Spirorbis_ of the 'Systema' appears to have been indicated as

D. PLANORBE. _D._ spira plana, adhærens.

It. W. Goth. 170. Dentalium testa spirali plana adhærente.

Planc. Conch. 13. n. 3. Vermiculus in littore Veneto foliis algæ adhærens.

Testa minima, magnitudine nuper ab ovo exclusæ cochleæ, cujus formam omnino gerit, at plana omnino est, et altero latere omnino fuci foliis adhæret.

This was evidently different from the _Serpula planorbis_ of the 'Systema.'

* * * * *

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. WALLACE, with Descriptions of New Species. By FRANCIS WALKER, Esq., F.L.S.

(Read June 2nd. 1859.)

Fam. CULICIDÆ, _Haliday_.

Gen. MEGARHINA, _Desvoidy_.

1. MEGARHINA IMMISERICORS, n. s. _Mas._ Nigra, squamosa, capite thoraceque viridibus, hujus disco cupreo, proboscide palpis pedibusque purpureis, femoribus subtus fulvis, tarsis intermediis albo bifasciatis, tarsis posticis albo unifasciatis, pectore argenteo, abdomine cyaneo fasciculis lateralibus albis subapicalibus nigris apicalibus auratis, alis subcinereis apud costam nigricantibus.

_Male._ Black. Head and thorax with green metallic scales; disc of the latter with cupreous scales. Proboscis, palpi, and legs purple; femora tawny beneath; middle tarsi with two white bands; hind tarsi with one white band. Pectus silvery. Abdomen blue, widening from the base to the tip, with small white tufts of hairs along each side; four larger black subapical tufts, two gilded apical tufts. Wings slightly greyish, blackish along the costa; veins black. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Gen. CULEX, _Linn._

2. CULEX OBTURBANS, n. s. _Foem._ Nigricans, thoracis disco fusco, abdomine cupreo apice viridescente, gutta subapicali alba, fasciis ventralibus latis albis, pedibus subcupreo squamosis, femoribus subtus albis, alis cinereis.

_Female._ Blackish. Proboscis pale; its sheaths dark, longer than the thorax. Disk of the thorax with brown tomentum. Abdomen with cupreous tomentum, and with a slight greenish tinge towards the tip; a white subapical dot; underside with broad white bands. Legs with a cupreous tinge; femora whitish beneath. Wings grey; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2-3/4 lines; of the wings 4-1/2 lines.

3. CULEX IMPATIBILIS, n. s. _Mas._ Subcupreo-niger, capite albo punctato, pectore albo guttato, abdomine fasciis interruptis albis, genubus albis, femoribus posticis albis apice nigris, tarsis intermediis basi albis, tarsis posticis albo bifasciatis, alis cinereis.

_Male._ Black, with a very slight cupreous tinge. Head with shining white points. Sheaths of the proboscis dark tawny, longer than the thorax. Pectus with shining white dots. Abdomen with interrupted shining white bands, which are most complete beneath. Knees white; hind femora white, with black tips; middle tarsi white at the base; hind tarsi with two white bands. Wings cinereous; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.

4. CULEX IMPELLENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fuscus, subtus testaceus, proboscide nigricante albo-fasciato, pedibus pallidis, femoribus albidis apice obscurioribus, tarsorum articulis basi albis, alis cinereis.

_Female._ Brown, testaceous beneath. Proboscis blackish, with a white band, a little longer than the thorax. Legs with pale reflections; femora whitish, with darker tips; joints of the tarsi white at the base. Wings grey; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Gen. ANOPHELES, _Meigen_.

5. ANOPHELES VANUS, n. s. _Mas._ Cinereo-fuscus, gracilis, antennis late plumosis, pedibus testaceis longis gracillimis, tarsorum articulis basi albis, alis subcinereis antice nigro punctatis.

_Male._ Cinereous brown, slender. Proboscis full half the length of the body. Palpi nearly half the length of the body. Antennæ broadly plumose. Legs testaceous, long, very slender; joints of the tarsi white at the base. Wings slightly cinereous, with black points on the fore part; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2-1/2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Fam. TIPULIDÆ, _Haliday_.

Gen. LIMNOBIA, _Meigen_.

The following species, in the structure of the wing-veins, does not accord with any of Meigen's divisions of the genus. The mediastinal vein ends at about three-fourths of the length of the wing; the subcostal ends at seven-eighths of the length, and is connected with the radial by a transverse veinlet at its tip; the radial, the cubital, and the 1st and the 3rd externo-medial are long and of equal length; the 2nd externo-medial springs from the 1st, at one-fourth of its length; the 3rd externo-medial is connected by a transverse veinlet near its base with the subanal.

6. LIMNOBIA IMPONENS, n. s. Ochracea, palpis antennisque nigricantibus, his thoracis dimidio brevioribus, thorace antico valde elongato et attenuato, abdomine piceo, alis subcinereis longis angustis, stigmate nigricante longissimo, halteribus piceis basi testaceis.

Ochraceous. Proboscis, palpi, and antennæ blackish, the latter moniliform setaceous, not half the length of the thorax. Thorax much elongated and attenuated in front. Abdomen piceous. Wings greyish, long narrow; veins black, testaceous at the base and along the costa from the base to the stigma, which is blackish and very long; halteres piceous, testaceous at the base. Length of the body 7 (?) lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Gen. TIPULA, _Linn._

7. TIPULA INFINDENS, n. s. _Foem._ Fusca, capite apud oculos subtusque cinereo, antennis basi testaceis thorace brevioribus, thorace vittis quatuor ochraceis, abdominis apice ochraceo, pedibus fulvis longissimis, femoribus apice fuscis, alis cinereis apud costam luridis.

_Female._ Brown. Head cinereous about the eyes and beneath. Antennæ setaceous, submoniliform, testaceous at the base, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with a slight cinereous tinge, and with four dull ochraceous stripes. Abdomen ochraceous at the tip. Legs tawny, slender, very long; tips of the femora brown. Wings cinereous, lurid along the costa to the stigma, which is brown; veins black, tawny at the base. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

8. TIPULA INORDINANS, n.s. _Mas._ Fusca, capite pallide cinereo vitta fusca, antennis testaceis thorace valde longioribus, articulis basi nigris nodosis setigeris thorace vittis quatuor pallide cinereis, abdominis lateribus ventreque testaceis, segmentis basi nigro postice albomarginatis, pedibus nigris longissimis, femoribus dimidio basali testaceis apices versus albo fasciatis, tibiis albo fasciatis, tarsis albo _bifasciatis,_ alis hyalinis striga costali subapicali nigricante, venis transversis nigro nebulosis.

_Male._ Brown. Head pale cinereous, with a brown stripe. Antennæ testaceous, slightly setaceous, much longer than the thorax; joints at the base black, nodose, setigerous. Thorax with four pale cinereous stripes; pectus pale cinereous. Abdomen testaceous beneath _and_ along each side, thickened towards the tip; segments whitish _at_ the _base,_ black along the hind borders. Legs black, slender, very long; femora testaceous for half the length from the base, with a white subapical band; tibiæ with a white band beyond the middle; tarsi with two broad white bands. Wings hyaline, with a blackish costal subapical streak; veins and stigma black, the latter small; transverse veins and forked subapical vein clouded with black; veins testaceous. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Gen. CTENOPHORA, _Fabr._

9. CTENOPHORA INCUNCTANS, n.s. _Mas._ Atra, capite thoraceque læte ochraceis, antennarum ramis longis æqualibus subpilosis, abdomine basi ochraceo. _Foem._ Thoracis disco saturate ochraceo. _Var. β._ Capite thoraceque saturate ochraceis, alis albido strigatis et guttatis.

Deep black. _Male._ Head and thorax bright ochraceous. Antennæ with long equal slightly pilose branches. Abdomen ochraceous at the base. _Female._ Disc of the thorax deep ochraceous. _Var._ Head and thorax deep ochraceous. Wings with five whitish streaks and two exterior elongated whitish dots. Length of the body 8-10 lines; of the wings 18-22 lines.

10. CTENOPHORA GAUDENS, n. s. _Mas et Foem._ Læte ochracea, abdomine apicem versus nigro, pedibus nigris, femoribus ochraceis apice nigris, tibiis fascia basali candida, alis nigricantibus _basi_ ochraceis, fascia exteriore albida.